IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0     !S^  tSA 

Itt  m    112.2 


I.I 


^  U4 

u 


isiy^ii^ 


^ 


^ 


^:^^ 


> 


FholDgraiM: 
_Scienoes 
CorpQiBtiQn 


;:3  WBT  MAIN  STRKT 

WnSTiR,N.Y.  UStO 

(716)t72-4S03 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


;| 


CIHM/ICIViH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


'>^ 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microraproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notaa  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


The  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  beat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibllographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
reproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


D 


D 


□ 


D 


D 


Colouiad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


|~n    Covara  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommag^a 

Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurte  at/ou  paliiculte 


□   Covar  Itia  miaaing/ 
La 


titra  da  couvartura  manque 


I     I   Coloured  mapa/ 


Cartes  gtographiquea  an  coulaur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I     I   Coloured  platea  and/or  illuatrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illuatrationa  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Rail  A  avac  d'autrea  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cauae  shadowa  or  diatortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrte  peut  cauaer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
diatortion  la  long  de  la  marge  IntArieure 

Blank  laavee  added  during  reatoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  poaaible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  ae  peut  que  certainee  pagee  blanchea  ajouttea 
lore  d'une  reetauration  apparaiaaant  dana  la  texte, 
mala,  lorsque  cela  Atait  poaaible,  cea  pagea  n'ont 
pea  M  filmtoa. 

Additional  commenta:/ 
Commentairea  aupplAmantairaa: 


L'Inatitut  a  microfiimA  la  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  *t4  poaaible  de  ae  procurer.  Lea  dAtaila 
da  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normale  de  filmaga 
aont  indiqute  ci-daaaoua. 


pn   Coloured  pagea/ 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pagea  damaged/ 
Pagea  endommagAea 


□   Pagea  raatorad  and/or  laminated/ 
Pagea  reataurAea  et/ou  peiiiculAea 

rrY  Pagea  diacoloured,  atained  or  foxed/ 
LjIJ    Pagea  dAcoiorAea,  tachatAea  ou  piquiea 

□    Pagea  detached/ 
Pagea  d^tachtea 

r"V  Showthrough/ 
IVj   Tranaparence 

□    Quality  of  print  variea/ 
Quality  InAgaie  de  I'impreaaion 

□    Includea  aupplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  auppltfmentaire 


I — I    Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Seule  Mition  diaponible 

Pagea  wholly  or  partially  obacured  by  errata 
aiipa,  tiaauea,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
enaure  the  beat  poaaible  image/ 
Lea  pagea  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obacurciea  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  un»  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  4tA  filmAea  k  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  mailleure  image  poaaible. 


Tl 
tc 


T 

P 
o 
fi 


0 
b 
tl 

al 

0' 

fi 

al 
o 


T 
si 

T 

d 

ei 
b 
ri 
n 
n 


Thia  item  la  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  film*  au  taux  do  riduetton  indiqu*  ci-deaaoua. 


lOX 

14X 

18i^ 

22X 

2BX 

30X 

.^ 

y 

12X 


16X 


aox 


24X 


2BX 


32X 


r 


Th«  copy  fllmsd  here  hat  b««n  raproducad  thnnks 
to  th«  ganarotity  of: 

Douglaa  Library 
Quaan'a  Univarsity 


L'axamplaira  film*  fut  raproduit  grAca  i  ia 
gAnAroMitA  da: 

Dougiat  Library 
Quaan's  Univarsity 


Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
poaalbia  conaidaring  tha  condition  and  laglblllty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  In  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spaciflcationa. 


Original  copiaa  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
baglnning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  Impras- 
•ion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  approprlata.  All 
othar  original  copiaa  ara  filmad  baglnning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  llluatratad  Impras- 
slon.  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprasslon. 


Laa  imagas  sulvantas  ont  AtA  raproduitas  avac  la 
plua  grand  soln,  compta  tanu  da  ia  condition  at 
da  la  nattatA  da  i'axamp'alra  fiimA,  at  an 
conformltA  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
fllmaga. 

Laa  axamplairas  orlginaux  dont  ia  couvartura  an 
papiar  aat  ImprimAa  sont  filmAs  an  commanpant 
par  la  pramlar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'Impraaalon  ou  d'iiiustration,  soit  par  ia  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  caa.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
orlginaux  sont  fllmAs  an  commandant  par  ia 
pramiAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'Imprassion  ou  d'iiiustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darniAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talia 
amprainta. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microfiche 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  ^^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  applias. 


Un  das  symbolas  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
darniAra  imaga  da  chaqua  microfiche,  salon  la 
caa:  ia  symbols  —►  signifia  "A  SUIVRE",  ia 
symbols  ▼  signifia  "FIN". 


Maps,  piatas,  charts,  ate,  may  ba  f:<mad  at 
diffarant  raductlon  ratioa.  Thoaa  too  larga  to  ba 
antlraly  Included  In  ona  axpoaura  ara  filmad 
beginning  in  tha  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framea  as 
required.  The  following  diagrama  llluatrata  the 
method: 


Lea  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atra 
fllmAs  A  dea  taux  da  rAductlon  diff Arents. 
Loraqua  la  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  en  un  aaul  clichA,  II  est  f  ilmA  A  partir 
da  Tangle  aupArlaur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  an  baa,  an  prenant  ia  nombra 
d'Imagea  nAcaaaaira.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
illuatrant  la  mAthoda. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MANUAL 


OK  THE 


Mosses  of  North  America. 


BY 


LEO  LESaUEREUX  AND  THOMAS  P.  JAMES. 


WITH    SIX   PLATES 

ILLUSTRATING  THE  GENERA. 


g0st0tt: 

BRADLEE    WH'IDDEN. 


1896. 


2. DP.  6' 


Copyright, 
BY  S.  E.  CASSINO  &  CO. 

1884, 


C.  J.  PETERS  AND  SON, 

electb0typer8  and  steueotvpers, 
143  High  Street. 


PREFACE. 


In  1848  "William  S.  SuUivant  published,  in  the  first  edition 
of  Gray's  Manual  of  Botany,  descriptions  of  two  hundred 
and  five  species  of  Mosses  and  sixty-six  of  Ilepatica).  In  the 
second  edition  of  the  same  Manual,  published  in  1856,  four 
hundred  and  ten  species  of  Mosses  and  one  hundred  and 
seven  of  Ilepaticje  were  described  by  him,  with  the  addition 
of  eight  tine  plates  for  the  illustration  of  the  more  important 
genera.*  This  second  edition  becoming  soon  exhausted,  Mr. 
Sullivant,  urged  by  the  friends  of  American  botany  to  pub- 
lish, in  a  separate  volume,  a  Manual  of  American  Mosses, 
decided  to  begin  the  preparation  of  such  a  work  in  connec- 
tion with  the  present  writer,  who  had  been  since  1848  his 
constant  assistant  in  bryological  research.  A  large  amount 
of  material  had  been  collected,  the  new  mosses  continually 
received  had  been  examined  and  described,  and  much  pre- 
paratory labor  had  thus  been  done  when,  in  1872,  my  sight 
partially  failed  me,  and  a  few  months  later  SuUivant's  noble 
career  was  closed  by  death. 

The  bryological  collections  of  Sullivant,  together  with  his 
library  and  his  manuscript  notes,  had  been  bequeathed  to  the 
Harvard  University  Herabrium,  and  at  the  suggestion  of  Prof. 


*  Separate  issues  of  both  of  these  editions  were  made  under  tlie  title  of 
"Musci  and  Hepaticae  of  the  Northern  United  States,"  the  last  of  which 
reprints  (containing  some  additions)  is  the  work  cited  throughout  the  follow- 
ing pages  as  "  SuUivant's  Mosses  of  the  United  States." 

ill 


iACii^ 


iv 


PREFACE. 


Gray,  who  ardently  desired  that  those  valuable  materials  should 
be  used  in  continuation  of  the  plan  bej^un  by  the  donor,  it  was 
arranged  that  I  should  undertake  the  work  in  connection  with 
Mr.  Thomas  P.  James,  of  Cambridge,  who  would  make  the 
micro8coj)ical  analyses  of  such  species  as  had  not  yet  been 
satisfactorily  examined,  and  prepare  sketches  from  which 
descri]»tion8  could  be  drawn. 

As  large  numbers  of  specimens  and  even  whole  collections 
were  sent  to  us  for  determination,  the  work  progressed  slowly, 
but  it  was  drawing  toward  completion  when  two  years  ago  Mr. 
James  was  suddenly  called  away  by  death. 

I  have  since  finished  the  descriptive  part  of  the  work,  with 
assistance  from  Mr.  T.  lienauld,  an  eminent  French  bryologist, 
in  the  examination  of  some  Hypnem  that  had  not  been  surely 
determined. 

But  I  was  prevented  by  a^;  and  sickness  from  visiting  Cam- 
bridge in  order  to  complete  at  the  library  of  the  Herbarium 
the  bibliographical  part  of  the  work,  which  could  not  be  done 
with  the  few  books  at  my  disposal.  In  the  emergency,  having 
greatly  admired  the  manner  in  which  Mr.  Sereno  W.atson  — 
not  a  professed  bryologist  —  had  elaborated  the  Mosses  of  the 
Botany  of  California,  I  besought  his  assistance,  little  compre- 
hending at  the  time  the  weight  wliich  I  was  imposing  upon  one 
whose  time  and  energies  were  already  overtasked.  This  labor 
of  revisal,  and  the  charge  of  the  work  in  its  jjrogress  through  the 
press,  Mr.  Watson  at  length  consented  to  undertake,  especially 
through  regard  to  the  memory  of  his  friend,  my  associate,  Mr. 
James.  It  has  involved  a  large  amount  of  critical  and  editorial 
labor,  and  I  deeply  regret  that  I  am  permitted  to  do  no  more 
than  to  acknowledge,  as  I  gratefully  do,  my  profound  obliga- 
tions  to  him.  But  I  may  bespeak  the  thanks  of  all  those  who 
are  to  use  this  volume,  which  he  has  made  much  more  valuable 
and  better  adapted  to  their  needs  than  it  would  otherwise  have 
been. 


niEFACE.  Y 

This  Manual  of  American  Mosses  is  believed  to  include 
descriptions  of  all  the  species  of  mosses  (about  nine  hundred) 
tliat  are  as  yet  known  to  occur  on  the  North  American  Con- 
tinont  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  and  northward. 
It  includes  the  results  of  the  researches  of  Sullivant  and  myself, 
continued  until  1872,  as  well  as  those  of  James,  Austin,  and' 
Rau,  and  also  such  species  as  have  been  describ-d  by  Euroj.tau 
bryologists,  Schimper,  Mitten,  Mueller,  Hampe,  Lindberg,  etc. 

Leo  Lesqukukuxi 
Columbus,  Ohio,  May,  1884. 


li»W<^|ll!pi  (Jll(^wy 


MANUAL 


OF  THE 


MOSSES  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


my '.j-P-H-'Hw^ Hiw;gwu_   .nmjjmm 


ARTIFICIAL   ANALYSIS 


OK   TIIK 


GENERA  OF  MOSSES. 


I.    ACROCAUPI.    Fruit  terminftl. 

A.   Capsule  without  a  deciduous  operculum. 

Capsule  dehiscing  by  irregular  transverse  nipture.    Plants  very  small, 

•>-   Leaves  nerveless,     rrothalllum  persistent. 

1.  Mioromitrium.    Capsule  globose,  nearly  sessile.    Calyptra  ndn- 
ute,  cloMuly  adhering. 

ii.  Ephemerum.     Capsule  globose-ovate.     Calyptra  campanulatc. 
Leaves  nerveless,  except  in  one  species. 

•^  •>-  Leaves  witli  a  distinct  medial  nerve.    Prothalllum  none. 

3.  Physoomitrella.       Caulescent.       Capsule   globose,    apiculate. 

Calyptra  canipanulate. 

7.  Microbryum.    Stendess.     Calyptr;>   -eaching  the  middle  of  the 

capside,  plurilobate  at  base,  splitting  on  one  side.     Leaves  more 
closely  areolate,  minutely  papillose  on  the  back. 

4.  Sphaerangrium.    Stemless.    Capsule  small,  spherical,  enclosed  in 

a  cluster  of  imbricate  very  concave  or  carinate  leaves. 

5.  Phascum.    Caulescent.     Capsule  pedicellate.    Calyptra  cucul late. 

0.  Pleuridium.    Plants  larger,  caulescent,  ramose.    C'apsule  ovate. 
Calyptra  cucullate.    Leaves  narrower,  lanceolate-subulate. 

8.  Bruchia.     Capsule  apophysate,  except  iu  one  species.    Calyptra 

ml  triform,  lobate  or  irregularly  lacerate  at  base. 

9.  Arohidium.    Capsule  globose,  sessile.    Calyptra  Irregularly  torn, 

adhering.    Spores  remarkably  large  and  few. 

»  «  Capsule  dehiscing  by  four  longitudinal  slits. 

Andresea.     Capsule  sessile  on  a  pedicellate  vaginule.      Plants 
brittle  and  rigid  when  dry.    See  Order  II.  Andreceacece. 

B.   Capsule  dehiscing  by  a  deciduous  operculum. 

«  Mouth  of  the  capsule  naked. 

•*-  Capsule  sessile  on  a  pedicellate  vaginule. 

Sphagrnum.    Calyptra  irregularly  torn,  persistent.     Plants  soft, 
flaccid.    See  Order  I.  Sphagnaceae. 


ANALYSIS  OF  GEXERA. 


■*-  ■»-  Capstile  on  a  proper  pCilicel.    Vaginule  sessile. 

10.  Astomum.   IMmits  small.    Operculum  not  easily  tletaclied.    Calyp- 

tra  t'ucullat(;.     Flowers  nioncecious. 

11.  Gymnostomum.    Plants  larj^er.  Operculum  long-beaked.  Calyp- 

tra  cucullale.     Flowers  diu'oious. 

12.  Ancectangrium.     Plants  ccspitose.     Stems  dichotomous,  as  in 

J'lcurucarpi. 

33.  Anodus.  Plants  very  short.  Capsule  small,  obovate,  long-pedi- 
cellate. Calyptra  cucullatc.  Flowers  monfjecious,  without  para- 
l)hyses, 

88.  Pharomitrium.  Capsule  immersed,  globose.  Calyptra  obliquo, 
plurilobate.    Leaves  with  a  long  white  awn. 

39.  Pottia.  Capside  small,  with  a  broad  orifice.  Calyptra  cucullatc. 
L  mves  with  a  loose  hyaline  basilar  areolation. 

48.  Hedwigrict*     Capsule  obovate,  im  nersed.     Calyptra  mitriform. 

Leaves  hyaline,  ciliate  at  the  apex. 

49.  Pseadobraunia.    Capsule  long-pedicellate,  pyriform.    Calyptra 

narrow,  cucuUate. 

31.  Amphoridium.    Capsule  striate,  urceolate.    Calyptra  cucullatc. 

69.  Encalypta  (1st  Section).    Capsule  oblong-cylindrical.  Calyptra 

very  long,  cylindrical-campanulate. 

60.  Calymperes.  Calyptra  twisted,  persistent,  plicate,  constricted 
at  base. 

65.  Schistostega.  Plants  small,  delicate,  frondifcrm.  Capsule 
small,  globular,  pedicellate.     Calyptra  mitriform. 

70.  Psrramidula.     Calyptra  large,  tetragonal,  enclosing  the  capsule 

and  dehiscent  by  lateral  slits. 

71.  Aphanorhegma.    Capsule  globose,  nearly  sessile,  splitting  trans- 

versely in  the  middle  at  maturity. 

72.  Physoornitrium.     Capsule   pedicellate,  globose   or  turbinate. 

Calyptra  live-lobate,  with  a  long  terete  straight  beak. 

»  «  Mouth  of  the  capsule  furnished  with  teeth  (peristome). 

4-  Peristome  single. 

■w  Teeth  of  the  peristome  4. 

62.  Tetraphis.    Capsule  long-pedicellate,  linear. 

Stems  conspicuous. 

63.  Tetrodoutium.      Capsule   ovate.     Calyptra  large, 

Plants  small,  nearly  stemless. 

*+  •«•  Teeth  of  the  peristome  8. 

28.  Octoblepharum.  Capsule  ovate,  pedicellate.  Leaves  thick, 
membranaceous,  of  two  or  more  layers  of  cells. 

♦+  ++  -M.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  16.    Ca'yptra  mitriform. 
=  Calyptra  plicate. 

50.  Goscinodon.    Teeth  cribrose.    Operculum  very  large. 

51.  Ptychomitrium.    Teeth  narrowly  linear,  deeply  bifid  to  near  the 

base. 

52.  Glyphomitrium.    Teeth  entire.     Calyptra  large,  covering  the 

capsule  to  below  the  base,  plicate  and  cleft  at  base. 

56.  Orthotrichum  (Ist  Section).  Capsule  emei^ing.  Calyptra 
hairy,  campanulate-mitrate.    Leaves  short,  striate  when  dry. 


Calyptra  mitriform. 
mitriform. 


ANALYSIS  OF  GENERA. 


5 


55.  Ulcta  (2  specios).      Capsule  lonser-podicellate,  defluent  into  a  long 
coliiiia.     Calyptra  yellow,  haiiy,  split  at  base. 

=  =  Calyptra  not  plicate. 

36.  Brachyodus.     Plants  very  small.      Tooth    hyaline-punctnlato, 

iiioie  or  less  perforate.     Calyptra  u-lobeil  at  base,  8i)lit  on  one 
si<le  to  near  the  apex. 

37.  Campy losteleum.     Capsule  thin,  on  a  long  slender  geniculate 

pedicel.      Teeth  cleft  to  the  luiddle  or  low-or.      Calyptra  long- 
subuhite. 

2C.  Conomitrium.     Calyptra  short-conical,  solid.    Teeth  entire  or 
laciniate  at  the  apex.     Plants  floating. 

45.  Oinclidotus.    Calyptra  split  at  base  on  one  side.     Teeth  can- 

cellate,  multilid,  membranous. 

46.  Grimmia.     Teeth  lanceolate,  entire,  cribrose  or  2-3-cIeft  at  the 

apex.     Capsule  oval,  short-pedicellate.     Leaves  smooth,  generally 
liair-pomted. 

47.  Bacomitrium.    Plants  of  large  size.    Calyptra  subulate.    Teeth 

2-3-cleft  into  filiform  segments. 

66.  Dissodon.     Calyptra  large,  constricted  at  base.    Teeth  short  or 

truncate,  bigeminate. 

67.  Tayloria.     Teeth  long,  loricate,  entire  or  bifid,  attached  below 

the  orifice. 

69.  Splachnum.    Capsule  with  large  apophysis.    Teeth  bigeminate. 
Calyptra  small,  conical,  entire. 

*^  ++  ++  ++  Teeth  of  the  peristome  16.    Calyptra  cucuUiform. 

=  Leaves  two-ranked. 

25.  Fissidens.     Leaves  frond  if  onn.    Teeth  articulate,  cleft  to  the 
middle  into  two  unequal  segments. 

31.  Distichium.     Leaves  subulate.    Teeth  linear,  nearly  entire,  or 

bifid,  or  lacerate. 

32.  Eustichia.      Leaves   imbricate,  carinate-compressed,  with  long 

flexuous  points.    Fruit  unknown. 

=  =  Leaves  spreading  every  way. 

a.  Capsule  cernuous-lnclined,  unequal. 

15.  Oreoweisia.     Teeth   abruptly  lanceolate-subulate  from  an  en- 
larged base  ;  articulations  prominent.    Leaves  serrulate. 

17.  Cynodontium.    Capsule  short-ovate;  collum  distinct,  regular  or 

strumose.    Segments  of  the  teeth  unequal.    Leaves  serrulate  at 
apex. 

18.  Dichodontium.    Capsule  solid;  collum  short.     Teeth  large,  bifid 

or  trifid  to  below  the  middft\    Leaves  sheathing  at  base. 

19.  Trematodon.     Capsule  long-pedicellate,  narrowed  into  a  long 

apophysis.     Teeth  nearly  entire  or  irregularly  bifiil  to  the  base. 

21.  Dicranella.    Plants  small.    Leaves  smooth,  squarrose  or  secund. 

Teeth  as  in  Dicramim. 

22.  Dicranum.     Plants  large,     'i  eoth  regularly  bifid  to  the  middle, 

closely  articulate.    Areolatlon  linear  at  the  base,  quadrate  and 
inflated  at  the  angles. 

27.  Leucobryum.     Plants  soft,  yellowish,  spongy.    Leaves  without 
costa.    Teeth  as  in  Dicranum. 


ANALYSIS  OF  GENERA. 


fli 


29.  Ceratodou.    Capsule  ovate-oblong,  with  a  short  struma.    Teeth 

bifid  to  near   the  base;   seginents    narrowly  linear,  distinctly 
articulate. 

30.  Tricbodon.    Capsule  narrowly  cylindrical,  arcuate.    Segments  of 

the  teeth  strongly  nodose  at  the  articulations. 

78.  Catoscopium.  Capsule  very  small,  globose,  incurved  at  the 
colliun.     Teeth  short,  irregular.     Calyptra  very  narrow. 

70.  Conostomum.    Teeth  connivent  into  a  cone.    Capsule  ribbed. 

b.  Capsule  more  regular,  slightly  curved,  somewhat  pendulous  on  an 

arcuate  pedicel. 

24.  Gampylopus.  Teeth  bifid  to  the  middle.  Calyptra  fringed  at 
the  base. 

23.  Dicranodontiam.  Teeth  bifid  to  tlie  base;  segments  narrow, 
linear.     Calyptra  not  fringed. 

c.  Capsule  erect,  oval  or  somewhat  pyriform. 

13.  Weisia.    Teeth  lanceolate,  entire,  truncate  or  dentate  at  the  apex. 

Capsule  oval,  smooth. 

14.  Dicranoweisia.    Teeth  longer,  lanceolate,  distinctly  articulate. 

Plants  large.     Leaves  arcuate  or  crispate. 

10.  Rhabdoweisia.  T^eth  linear-subulate,  enlarged  at  the  base. 
Capsule  striate. 

20.  Angstrnexnia.  Teeth  large,  bifid  to  the  middle.  Capsule  minute, 
subglobose,  very  long  pedicellate.     Male  flowers  discoid. 

34.  Seligroria.     Teeth  broad,  lanceolate,   obtuse,  densely  articulate. 

Capsule  pyriform.     Plants  very  small. 

35.  Blindia.     Teeth  entire,  lanceolate,  acute,  perforated  or  bifid  at 

the  apex.    Capsule  inflated  at  the  collum,  obovate  or  pyriform. 
Plants  of  medium  size. 

64.  Drummondia.  Teeth  very  short,  truncate.  Capsule  globose- 
oval. 

04.  Discelium.  Teeth  lanceolate,  distantly  articulate,  cleft  between 
the  articulations.  Calyptra  split  its  whole  length,  remaining  at- 
tached to  the  pedicel. 

73.  Entosthodon.  Teeth  distantly  and  strongly  articulate,  attached 
below  the  orifice  of  tlie  pyrifonn  capsule. 

82.  Mielichhoferia.  Capsule  pyriform  with  a  long  collum,  inclined 
or  pendulous.  Teeth  narrow  from  an  enlarged  base,  strongly 
articulate.    Calyptra  very  small,  fugaciouf, 

d.  Capsule  erect,  oblong  or  apophysate. 

61.  Syrrhopodon.  Teeth  entire,  horizontal.  Operculum  subulate- 
rostrate. 

68.  Tetraplodon.  Teeth  short,  connate  by  fours  at  base.  Capsulo 
with  a  long  thick  apophysis. 

4-,.  ♦♦.++++  ♦+  Teeth  of  the  peristome  32. 

=  Teeth  more  or  less  connate  their  whole  length. 

40.  Didymodon.  Teeth  flat,  narrow,  linear-lanceolate,  confluent  at 
base,  distantly  articulate,  rarely  entire  (10),  generally  split  their 
whole  length  (32). 

43.  Desmatodon.  Teeth  entire  (10)  or  cleft  to  the  base  (.32);  seg- 
ments papillose,  tetragonal- terete,  either  free  or  connate  by  trans- 
verse partitions;  basilar  membrane  protruding  from  the  orifice. 


ANALYSIS  OF  GENERA. 


=  =  Teeth  free. 

42.  Trichostomum.  Teeth  united  in  pairs  to  a  narro-v  basilar 
membrane;  segments  equal,  filiform,  more  or  less  fragmentary. 

41.  Leptotrichum.  Peristome  as  in  the  last;  teeth  longer,  more 
r  'gular.    Leaves  long-subulate,  glossy. 

44.  Barbula.  Teeth  very  long,  from  a  more  or  less  broad  tcsscllate 
marginal  membrane,  twisted  around  the  columella. 

=  =  =  Teeth  large,  adhering  by  their  points  to  the  tympaniform  top 

of  the  columella. 

93.  Atrichum.    Calyptra  spinulose  at  the  apex,  cucullate. 

94.  Oligotrichum.    Calyptra  large,  covered  with  scattered  hairs. 

95.  Psilopilum.     Teeth  long  and  slender,  some  of  them  bipartite. 

Calyptra  narrow,  solid,  smooth. 

96.  Pogronatum.      Calyptra  densely   hairy,  covering  the   capsule, 

mi  irate. 

4^  +4.  4.,.  4H.  ♦♦  -M.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  64. 

97.  Polytrichum.    Teeth  adhering  to  the  membrane,  as  in  the  last 

section.    Calyptra  densely  hairy. 

■•-  •«-  Peristome  double :  its  teeth  16. 
♦♦  Capsule  symmetrical,  erect.    Inner  peristome  of  8  or  16  cilia. 

57.  Macromitrium.     Teeth  lanceolate;  inner  membrane  cleft  or 

truncate.    Calyptra  campanulate,  plicate. 

58.  Schlotheimia.     Teeth  revolute,  fleshy;  inner  peristome  rudi- 

mentary from  a  colored  membrane.    Calyptra  campanulate,  not 
plicate. 

59.  Encalypta  (3d  Section).     Teeth  Aliform;    cilia  similar  to  the 

teetli.    Calyptra  very  long,  cylindrical  or  campanulate,  not  pli- 
cate. 

56.  Orthotrichum  (2d  Section).  Teeth  8,  bigeminate,  or  16,  gemi- 
nate; cilia  filiform.  Calyptra  campanulate-mitrate,  plicate, 
smooth  or  hairy. 

55.  Ulota.  Peristome  as  in  Orthotrichum,  Calyptra  yellow,  hairy, 
deeply  split  at  the  base,  obscurely  plicate. 

<«-«■  <*■¥  Capsule  imsymmetrical,  inclined  to  one  side,  oblique  or  pendulous. 

=  Inner  peristome  a  plaited  cone. 

98.  Diphyscium.     Capsule  gibbous,  ovate,  sessile.     Plants  small, 

nearly  stemless. 

99.  Buxbaumia.    Capsule  gibbous-ovate  on  one  side,  flat  to  convex 

on  the  other,  short-pedicellate. 

=  =  Inner  peristome  a  membrane  cut  into  16  segments;  these  some- 
times separated  by  cilia.    Calyptra  cucullate. 

74.  Punaria.  Capsule  short-pyriform,  curved  in  the  upper  part. 
Teeth  obliquely  curved;  segments  of  the  membrane  entire  or 
rudimentary. 

83.  Leptobryum.    Capsule  pyriform,  erect  or  pendulous.    Sennents 

of  the  membrane  separated  by  two  appendiculate  cilia.    Leaves 
narrowly  lanceolate. 

84.  "Webera.     Capsule  long-pedicellate,  cemnous  or  horizontal:  cilia 

none,  rudimentary  or  perfect,  not  appendiculate.     Leaves  lanceo- 
late, glossy ;  areolatiou  narrowly  rhomboidal ;  costa  slender. 


8 


ANALYSIS  OF  GENERA. 


85.  Bnrum.     Capsule  sollil,  pyriforra.      Inner  peristome  more  per- 

fect.    Leaves  broader,  with  broader  areolation  and  strong  costa. 

86.  Zieria.    Capsule  with  a  long  colluni  deiluent  into  a  short  genicu- 

late pedicel.  Teeth  remotely  articulate ;  segments  narrow ;  cilia 
rudimentary.    Leaves  soft,  greenish. 

87.  Mnium.    Capsule  oblong,  horizontal  or  pendulous.    Peristome  aa 

in  Jiryum,  larger.  Male  flowers  discoid.  Leaves  large,  with  a 
very  broad  areolation. 

88.  Osmolidium.     Teetli  short,  adhering  to  the  longer  cupuliform 

reticulate  membrane,  whicli  is  pierced  at  the  top  by  the  columella. 

80.  Bhizogronium.  Capsule  long,  obconical,  arcuate.  Peristome  of 
Bryum.    Leaves  solid,  long,  narrowly  lanceolate. 

90.  Leptotheca.  Capsule  erect,  cylindrical.  Teeth  long,  linear- 
lanceolate.  Inner  membrane  short  and  entire,  or  longer  and 
cut  into  segments  without  cilia. 

79.  Axublyodon.     Teeth  shorter  than  the  segments,  obtuse.     Cap- 

sule cernuous,  with  a  long  collum.    Leaves  very  loosely  areolate. 

80.  Meesia.    Capsule  aiid  peristome  as  in  the  last.    Areolation  of  the 

leaves  small,  rectangular. 

8L  Paludella.    Peristome  of  Webera.    Leaves  squarrose. 

9L  Aulacomnium.  Capsule  inclined,  oblong-ovate  with  a  distinct 
colluni,  ribbed  when  dry.    Teeth  linear-subulate  above. 

76.  Bartramia.     Capsule  nearly  spherical,  erect  or  inclined,  ribbed 

when  dry.  Peristome  double  (simple  in  one  species,  rudimentary 
in  another);  segments  shorter  than  the  teeth,  split  into  two 
diverging  parts;  cilia  none  or  scarcely  visible. 

77.  Philonotis.    Capsule  globose,  inclined.     Segments  separated  by 

double  cilia.     Plants  stronger. 

©2.  Tinunia.  Capsule  oblong-ovate,  plicate-striate  when  dry.  Inner 
membrane  divided  at  the  middle  into  filiform  appendiculate  seg- 
ments, united  by  fours  at  the  apex. 


N 


II.    CLADOCARPI.    Fruit  terminal  on  short  lateral  branches.    Peris- 
tome double,  the  outer  of  16  teeth. 

100.  Fontinalis.    Teeth  linear;  inner  peristome  of  16  cilia,  connected 

by  cross-bars  or  latticed.    Calyptra  conical,  entire  or  cucullate. 

101.  Dichelyma.    Cilia  of  the  inner  peristome  free  or  appendiculate, 

latticed  only  at  the  upper  part.    Calyptra  cucullate.    Leaves  long 
and  narrow. 

102.  CryphsBa.    Teeth  long;  inner  peristome  of  16  free  subulate  cilia, 

shorter  than  the  teeth. 


III.    PLEUROCARPI.     Fruit   lateral   upon   the  stems   or  branches; 
flowers  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 


«  Calyptra  cucuUiform. 


Capsule  ovate-oblong  or  cylindrical,  erect  or 
slightly  inclined. 

••-  Peristome  simple;  teeth  16. 

114.  Fabronia*  Teeth  regular  or  bigeminate  (absent  in  one  species). 
Plants  very  small  and  delicate.  Leaves  ciliate  on  the  borders, 
rarely  entire. 

116.  Habrodon.  Teeth  linear-lanceolate,  attached  far  below  tlie 
orifice  of  the  capsule.    Plants  very  small.    Leaves  squarrose. 


ANALYSIS  OF  GENERA. 


9 


117.  Clasmatcdon.    Teeth  Irregular,  twice  or  thrice  divided  to  tlie 

base.    Capsule  constricted  under  the  orifice.    IMants  very  small. 

^  t-  Peristome  double,  the  outer  of  10  teeth,  the  inner  of  10  segments, 

with  or  without  cilia. 

♦*  Leaves  papillose. 

118.  Thelia.  Teeth  linear-lanceolate,  subulate;  segments  shorter  titan 
the  teeth;  cilia  rudimentary. 

110.  Myurella.  Peristome  perfect;  cilia  1  or  2,  thick,  shorter  than  the 
segments. 

120.  Leskea.  Teeth  narrowly  lanceolate;  segments  narrow,  linear; 
cilia  none.    Capsule  oblong,  erect  or  somewhat  arcuate. 

121.  Anomodon.  Teeth  pale,  linear-lanceolate;  segments  very  short; 
cilia  none.    Capsule  oblong  or  cylindrical.    I'lants  large. 

•M.  *•¥  Leaves  not  papillose,  complanate. 

105.  Neckera.  Teeth  long,  linear-lanceolate;  segments  short,  fill- 
form.    Leaves  more  or  less  undulate. 

100.  Homalia.  Segments  longer  than  the  teeth;  cilia  single,  short. 
Leaves  distichous. 

125.  Gylindrothecium.    Teeth  attached  far  below  the  orifice  of  the 

capsule;   segments  narrow,  carinato  (abortive  iu  one  species). 
Leaves  smooth. 

+++♦++  Leaves  not  papillose  nor  complanate. 

=  Inner  peristome  a  membrane  adhering  to  the  teeth. 

lOS.  Leucodon.  Teeth  large,  thin,  granulose,  distantly  articulate. 
PerichiBtium  very  long.     Calyptra  smooth. 

103.  Leptodon.  Teeth  distantly  articulate,  hyaline-bordered.  Peri- 
chsetium  very  long.    Calyptra  hairy. 

123.  Pylaisia.  Teeth  densely  articulate ;  segments  long,  partly  adhering 
to  the  teeth.    Calyptra  smooth. 

=  =  Inner  peristome  free,  divided  to  near  the  base  into  10  segments. 

104.  Alsia.    Teeth  and  carinate  segments  long,  linear-lanceolate,  with 

or  without  cilia.    Calyptra  smooth.    Secondary  stems  dendroid. 

107.  Meteorium.  Teeth  and  carinate  segments  short.  Capsule  small, 
oval.    Plants  long,  slender,  pendulous. 

109.  Pterigrynandrum.  Teeth  short,  distantly  articulate;  segments 
very  short;  cilia  none.  Calyptra  smooth.  Leaves  slightly  papil- 
lose on  the  back. 

110.  Pterogonium.     Teeth  long  and  closely  articulate ;  segments  very 

short.     Calyptra  sparingly  hairy. 

111.  Antitrichia.     Teeth   narrowly   lanceolate,   subulate;    segments 

linear,  a  little  shorter  than  the  teeth.    Perichajtium  long. 

126.  Climacium.    Teeth  confluent  above  the  orifice  of  the  capsule; 

segments  as  long  as  the  teeth,  cleft  along  the  keel.     Calyptra 
long,  slender,  embracing  the  base  of  the  capsule.    Kamificatiou 
dendroid. 
115.  Anacamptodon.     Teeth    lanceolate,  reflexed  Avhen    dry;   seg- 
ments filiform,  like  the  cilia  in  Orthotridmm. 

122.  Platygfsrriuni.  Teeth  free  to  below  the  orifice  of  the  capsule, 
broadly  margined ;  segments  narrow,  linear,  as  long  as  the  teeth. 
Calyptra  long,  dimidiate,  twisted  around  the  capsule. 


10 


ANALYSIS  OF  GENERA. 


124.  Homalotheoium.  Teeth  closely  articulate,  hyaline-bordered; 
segments  free,  short,  linear-lanceolate,  or  longer  and  adhering  to 
the  teeth.    Calyptra  hairy.    Capsule  slightly  cernuous  or  erect. 

127.  Orthothecium.     Capsule  erect  or  subinclined.     Teeth  hyaline 

on  the  margin;  segments  linear,  aa  long  as  the  teeth;  cilia  short 
or  none.    Leaves  not  costate. 

BB  =  Inner  peristome  divided  nearly  to  the  middle  into  16  segments; 

cilia  2  or  3. 

128.  Hypnum.    Capsule  cernuous,  arcuate  or  horizontal,  rarely  erect. 

Peristome  perfect;  cilia  articulate  or  appendiculate. 

•  »  Calyptra  mltriform.    Capsule  exserted,  horizontally  inclined. 

112.  Hookeria.     Teeth  lanceolate;   segments  linear-lanceolate;  cUla 

none.    Leaves  bicostato.    Plants  small. 

113.  Pterigrophylliun.     Peristome   as   in    the  last.     Plants   large. 

Leaves  large,  entire,  ecostate ;  areolation  very  loose. 


iii 


MANUAL 


or 


NORTH  AMERICAN  MOSSES. 


Order  I.  SPHAGNACEiE.     Peat  Mosses. 


Soft  and  flaccid  caulescent  Mosses,  generally  of  large  size, 
growing  in  more  or  less  compact  tufts  or  j)atches  on  the  surface 
of  bogs,  or  floating  in  stagnant  water,  more  rarely  on  the  bor- 
ders of  mountain  rivulets,  whitish,  yellowish,  sometimes  red 
or  olive-colored,  perennial  by  the  annual  prolongation  of  the 
stems  or  by  simple  innovations  at  the  apex.  Stems  mostly  un- 
divided and  bearing  copious  lateral  branches,  composed  of  a 
triple  cellular  tissue,  the  outer  (cortex)  of  large  loose  cells,  the 
intermediate  woody,  the  central  parenchymatose  or  medullary. 
Branches  partly  spreading,  partly  deflexed  and  appressed  to  the 
stem,  in  lateral  fascicles  of  2  to  7,  rarely  more,  those  at  the 
summit  of  the  stem  capitate,  the  fascicles  gradually  more  dis- 
tant downward.  Leaves  nerveless,  translucent,  formed  of  a 
single  layer  of  two  kinds  of  cells ;  1st,  large  colorless  and  hya- 
line ones  {utricles)^  generally  perforated  by  pores  and  lined 
with  spiral  or  circular  filaments  (Jibrils),  hence  fibrillose  and 
porose  f  2d,  smaller  chlorophyllose  ones  (dticts)^  narrowly  linear, 
continuous,  forming  a  net  of  rhomboidal  or  hexagonal  meshes 
around  the  utricles:  stem-leaves  distant,  obliquely  inserted, 
erect  or  deflexed,  flat  or  concave,  ovate,  obovate,  or  linguiform, 
generally  obtuse,  loosely  areolate,  their  utricles  often  destitute 
of  fibrils  and  of  pores;  branch-leaves  smaller,  imbricated  and 


Mil 


m 


II 


12 


SriIAGNACE.E. 


[Sphagnum. 


6-ranke(l,  round,  ovato,  or  iMiiccolato,  very  concave  or  even  con- 
volute. Inflorescence  moncecious  or  <lia'ci()us.  Male  flowers 
{iintheriditi)  borne  upon  clavate  and  catkin-like  {generally  colored 
branches,  solitary  at  the  side  of  each  leaf,  globose  or  ovoid, 
l>edicellutc.  Female  flowers  {nrcheffonia)  generally  3  or  4,  .at 
first  sessile  in  a  bud-like  involucre  terminating  a  short  branch, 
one  only  perfecting  fruit  and  forming  a  capsule,  which  is  at 
length  raised  upon  a  kind  of  pedicel  {j)seud()j)odium)^  formed 
by  the  gradual  elongation  of  the  base  (vaf/imile)  and  covered 
by  large  perichajtial  leaves.  Capsule  globose,  opcrculate  with  a 
convex  or  nearly  flat  lid,  the  orifice  naked  (without  peristome 
or  annulus).  Calyptra  irregularly  lacerate  and  adhering  to  the 
vaginule.  Sj)ores  of  two  kinds,  tetrahedral  macrosporesy  and 
polyhedral  mierosjwresj  the  latter  many  times  the  smaller. 
On  germination  the  macrospores  first  produce  a  thin  prothal- 
lium,  either  tilamentose  in  water  or  expanded  in  a  kind  of  net 
work  upon  the  ground,  upon  which  leaf -buds  are  afterwards 
formed. 

Like  the  AndrecBacea:,  the  SphagnacecB  differ  much  from  tlie  true 
Mosses.  In  tlieir  mode  of  germination,  the  first  evolution  of  tlie  plant, 
and  the  form  of  tlie  antheridia,  they  are  related  to  the  caulescent  Ilepaticce. 
The  structure  of  the  stem,  the  imperfect  calyptra,  the  organization  of  the 
capsule,  and  the  two  kinds  of  spores  are  without  analogy  among  either 
the  true  Mosses  or  the  Hepaticoe.  Tlie  Order  consists  of  only  the  follow- 
ing genus.  For  more  detailed  descriptions  and  full  synonymy  reference 
may  be  made  to  Schimper's  Torffuoose,  Braithwaite's  Sphagnaceie  or 
Peat-Mossea  of  Europe  and  North  America,  Lindberg's  Europas  och 
Nord  Amerikaa  Uvitmoasor,  and  Husnot's  Sphagnoloyia  Europcea. 

1.   SPHAGNUM,  Dill.      (PI.  I.) 
Character  that  of  the  Order. 

§  1.  Acuta.  J^ranch-leaoes  erect :  ducts  forming  part  of  the 
concave  upper  surface^  triangular  in  cross-section,  the  por- 
tion included  beticeen  the  utricles  being  tcedgeform,  the 
free  surface  convex :  stem^leaves  large,  bordered  by  narrow 
and  flexuous  hyaline  cells ;  their  utricles  rarely  fbrillose, 
mostly  empty. 


Sphtt'jnuin,] 


SrilAr.XACE.E. 


13 


1.  S.  acutifolium,  KhHi.  Mond'cions,  f^roon  or  more  jjcn- 
erally  juirplisli ;  forticnl  zone  of  tlu'  Htrins  a  tri|»lt'  layer  of  colls 
destitute  of  pores  ;  hranehes  in  fascicles  of  >\  to  A,  spreadiiij^, 
one  or  two  of  them  |»en(lent :  stem-leaves  ovate  or  lint;ulate,  erose 
or  dentate  at  the  apex,  erect,  the  cells  near  the  apex  with  a  few 
slender  Hhrils  ov  none,  rarely  porose  ;  hraneh-leaves  deeply  eon- 
cave,  ovate-lanceolate,  taperin<j:  to  a  truncate  |>oint,  the  upper 
lanceolate  and  stdudate,  all  til»rill(>se,  porose,  and  narrowly  mar- 
gined ;  perichietial  leaves  ohlonj;,  i^radually  acuminate,  sinuose- 
dentate  at  the  recurved  apex,  the  cells  irregular  and  empty: 
capsule  lojig-pedicellate  :  sjiores  ferruginous:  male  aments  gen- 
er  ly  red.  —  1*1.  Crypt.  Exsic.  n.  7*J  ;  Schimp.  Torfm.  5(5,  t.  13  ; 
Hraithw.  Sphag.  0(),  t.  lH-2().  S.  nemorefttn,  Sco]). ;  Lindberg, 
Sj>hag.  02.     *V.  capillifoUnm,  lledw.,  in  part. 

Var.  purpureum,  Schimp.  Plants  purple  ;  the  capitulum 
dense,  subspherical :  stem-leaves  fibrillose. 

Var.  fuscum,  Schimp.  Plants  rust-color,  in  very  compact 
tufts ;  branches  closely  incurved,  pale  at  the  apex. 

IIab.  Very  common,  In  open  or  shaded  bogs,  in  valleys  or  on  moun- 
tains. 

Many  other  varieties  could  be  described:  var.  cnnfertum,  intermedium, 
o,r\*\. rohuntmn,  Austin;  patulum  Andileflexiim,  Schimper;  quinqii^farinm, 
Lindb. ;  elcfjann,  Braithw.,  etc. ;  the  plants  differing  generally  to  some  ex- 
tent in  their  aspect  according  to  their  special  habitat. 

^     2.  S.  rubellum,  Wils.     Very  much  like  the  last,  from  which 

it  differs  in  its  dioecious  inflorescence,  more  slender  and  very 

soft  stems,  shorter  and  more  obtuse  oval-oblong  branch-leaves 

3-toothed  at  apex,  and  broad  obtuse  stem-leaves  with  utricles 

bipartite    and  sometimes   flbrillose.  —  Bryol.  Brit.  19,  t.  60 ; 

Schimp.   Torfm.   70,  t.   20.      8.   acutifolium^   var.   rtibellum^ 

Russ. ;    Braithw.  Sphag.  69,  t.  19. 

Hab.  New  Brunswick  {^Fowler).  Rare  or  rarely  observed  in  this 
country. 

3.  S.  strictum,  Lindb.  DioBcions,  robust,  yellowish-green  ; 
stems  long,  solid,  with  3  or  4  cortical  layers  of  porose  cells ; 
branches  3  to  5,  curved  and  deflexed,  two  of  them  pendent: 
stem-leaves  large,  erect,  lingulate-spatulate,  erose-laciniate  at  the 
truncate  apex,  broadly  margined  and  slightly  appendiculate  at 
base,  with  empty  cells ;  branch-leaves  erect-spreading,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  subulate  at  the  top  of  the  branches ;  cells  closely 
fibrillose,  with  numerous  pores ;  perichaetial  leaves  oblong  or 


14 


SriIACJNACE.f:. 


[Sphaynum. 


I 


4 


^i 


ovnl,  cmnrpinntc  nt  the  olttiiw  afwx,  the  utriclcH  cmiity :  male 
oiiH'iits  ycllowiMlj-ln'owii:  —  ()fv.  K.  Vet.  Ak.  Vi'trh.  xix.  1.'{H, 
mill  Spha^.  40;  llraithw.  Sphag.  04,  t.  17.  *S'.  GiryenHohnii^ 
J{iisH. ;   Siilliv.  It'oii.  iMuHc.  Suppl.  14,  t.  5. 

Var.  squarrOSUlum,  Uuhh.  PlantH  Hinnll :  brnneh  lenveH 
rt't'urvcMl  at  the  apox. 

II All.  In  flwainps  and  bog8,  Xcw  Jersey  and  Canada;  the  variety  at 
Little  Falls,  New  Jersey  (Annlhi).  A  large  form  (var.  m(\}or)  Is  found 
in  the  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire. 

4.  S.  flmbriatum,  Wils.  Closoly  allied  to  the  last,  differ- 
ing in  its  glaucous-green  eolor,  tlie  cortical  cells  in  2  or  51  layers, 
distinctly  porose,  the  much  larger  stem-leaves  ovate-spatulate 
and  timbriate  at  the  upper  border  or  from  the  middle,  and  the 
perichiutial  leaves  much  larger  an<l  with  a  closer  areolation.  — 
liryol.  Brit.  21,  t.  CO;  Schimp.  Torfm.  59,  t.  15;  Braithw. 
Sj)hag.  63,  t.  16  ;  Lin<lb.  Sphag.  47. 

IlAu.  In  swamps  of  tlie  Palisades,  New  Jersey  ( \Vhite)\  in  tlie  Sierra 
Nevada,  California,  at  11,000  feet  altitude  (llrevoer). 

§  2.  CuspiDATA.  Branch-leaves  longer  and  narrower^  erect- 
spreading^  undulate  on  the  margin  when  dry :  ducts  with 
the  broad  base  exposed  upon  the  back  of  the  leaf  cuneate 
between  the  utricles:  stem-leaves  small:  cortical  cells  not 
porose. 

^  5.  S.  CUSpidatum,  Ehrh.  Dicccious,  generally  long  and 
slender,  floating  in  loose  tufts,  greenish  :  stems  filiform ;  cortical 
cells  large,  in  2  (rarely  3)  layers  ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  3  to 
5,  spreading  or  pendent,  cuspidate  by  the  convolute  terminal 
leaves  :  stem-leaves  triangular,  2-3-toothed  at  the  apex,  broadly 
margined ;  cells  of  the  lower  part  long  and  narrow,  the  upper 
vermicular,  fibrillose,  not  porose ;  branch-leaves  loose,  lanceolate- 
acuminate,  deeply  concave,  denticulate  at  the  apex,  subulate 
toward  the  end  of  the  branches;  perichcetial  leaves  distant, 
broadly  ovate,  truncate  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  more  or  less 
fibrillose:  capsules  small,  mostly  long-pedicellate,  scattered 
along  the  stem :  spores  light-brown.  —  PI.  Crypt,  n.  251 ; 
Schimp.  Torfm.  t.  16 ;  Braithw.  Sphag.  82,  t.  26,  27 ;  Lindb. 
Sphag.  62;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  11,  t.  2  (S.  larici?ium, 
Aust.  Muse.  Appalach.  n.  31). 

Var.  Torreyanum.  Very  robust ;  branches  in  fascicles  of 
4  or  5,  very  long,  flat,  linear-lanceolate  :  leaves  long-lanceolate, 


.^ 


Sphaomim.] 


8riIA(JXACE/E. 


15 


Bproadinj;,  hroadly  marjfiiUMl,  i>r()Hc-<U>ntnto  at  the  npox. — 
tS.  7\»Tit/u)iu»i,  Sulliv.  Ali'in.  Amcr.  Aciul.  iv.  174,  ninl  MoMst-s 
of  U.  Slates,  IJJ.  aS'.  citttjndatumy  var.  Torretji^  Braithw.,  in 
jmrt. 

Var.  falcatum,  Iluss.  Branches  diHtinotly  falcate  at  the 
ajK'x.  —  Ik'itr.  T«)rfni.  51). 

Var.  plumosuxn,  Schiinp.  Tufts  soft,  compact ;  steins 
short  and  branches  erect ;  leaves  lanceolate-subulate.  —  *S'.  lujci- 
foHum^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  1)7. 

Var.  plumulosum,  Schimp.  Soft,  as  in  the  last;  leaves 
shorter,  very  narrow. 

Var.  serratum.  Stem-leaves  broadly  margined;  upper 
branch-leaves  serrate  from  the  middle,  those  of  the  comal 
branches  from  the  base.  —  iS.  aerratumy  Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
vi.  145. 

Var.  hypnoides,  Schimp.  Stems  in  short  dense  tufts,  with- 
out branches;  leaves  lanceolate,  tubular,  hamate-secund.  —  IS. 
hypnoides.,  Braun. 

Had.  Ponds,  and  borders  of  streams  flowing  from  bogs;  not  rare. 
Var.  Torreyanurn,  in  bogs  at  the  South;  y&rs.  pluinosuni  tkn<\  plnmitloaum 
on  alpine  rivulets;  var.  aerratum,  at  St.  Augustine,  Florida  {J.  DonncU 
Smith). 

6.  S.  intermedium,  Iloffm.  Closely  allied  to  the  preced- 
ing. Stems  and  reflexcd  branches  thicker ;  cortical  cells  small, 
in  2  or  3  layers :  stem-leaves  shorter,  broader,  triangular ; 
branch-leaves  broader,  recurved  at  the  apex ;  the  pericha3tial 
closely  imbricated :  capsules  on  the  tufted  branches.  —  Braithw. 
Sphag.  78,  t.  24,  25.  aS'.  recurvum^  Beauv. ;  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ. 
i.  13 ;  Schimp.  Torfm.  1. 16.  S.  citspidatum^  var.  Jiaueiy  Aust. ; 
Ran  &  Ilarv.  Cat.  49. 

Had.    With  the  preceding. 

7.  S.  Lindbergfii,  Schimp.  Moncecious,  robust,  greenish- 
brown  :  cortical  cells  in  3  or  4  layers,  unequal,  without  fibrils  or 
pores :  stem-leaves  reflexed,  close,  broadly  Ungulate,  fimbriate  at 
the  apex ;  branch-leaves  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  dentate  at 
the  apex,  shining,  broadly  margined  downward,  with  numerous 
small  pores  in  the  upper  part :  capsule  on  a  thick  pedicel,  urceo- 
late  when  dry :  spores  yellow.  —  Torfm.  t.  25 ;  Braithw.  Sphag. 
77,  t.  23  ;  Lindb.  Sphag.  60. 

Hab.  Wet  sloping  rocks  of  White  Face  Mountain,  New  York  (C  H. 
Peck) ;  very  rare. 


in 


SriIAONACEiB. 


\Srhagn  im. 


$  3.  StiUAnROSA.  /Hanta  stont:  hranch-lenrcg  stjunrrose  from 
the  iniddln:  dttctn  tmniinl^  oiml^  inJItUed  and  /'roe  on  both 
iidesy  or  covcmd  /•//  the  bordern  of  the  utricten  on  the  upper 
anrftee  of  tht  hurcn  :  cortical  cells  not  poro»e, 

8.  S.  SquarrOSUm,  INts.  MotKwious,  loosoly  nnd  liroadly 
ci'HpitoHc,  l)luiMli-(ri'('cii :  Htciim  Noliil,  ri<^i<l,  Hiinplu  or  forking, 
with  Ninnll  cortical  ccIIh  in  two  InyorH;  hrnnchcN  in  fascicles 
of  8  to  G:  Htem-Ic'jivi'M  soft,  Hprcndin;^  or  rcMi'Xi'«l,  liimuiform, 
rouii(le<l  nnd  tiinbriatc  at  the  apex,  the  utriclcH  witliout  Hbres  or 
|>ore«;  brnnch-IcavcH  ol)l;)n.ij;-lanceolatc,  4-toothe(i  at  the  apex, 
broa<lly  margined  by  2  or  3  rows  of  narrow  cells,  the  utriclcH 
flbrilloHO  and  with  Hotne  large  pores  on  the  borders ;  periehietial 
leaves  very  broad,  subrevolute,  thin,  rounded  at  the  apex: 
capsules  numerous  at  and  near  the  capitate  a[)ex,  large,  globose: 
spores  yellow.  —  Schimp.  Torfni.  t.  17;  Braithw.  Sphag.  69, 
t.  14;  Lindb.  Sphag.  42. 

Var.  squarrosulum,  Schimp.  Plants  pale,  with  slender 
stems  :  leaves  scarcely  half  as  large  as  in  the  normal  form :  fruit 
unknown.  —  Torfni.  71.  iS.  aquarroaidum^  Lesq.  Mem.  Calif. 
Acad.  i.  3. 

II An.  Boggy  places  In  woods;  not  rare.  Tho  variety  In  open  moun- 
tain bogs;  on  Lassen's  Peak,  California,  at  about  6,000  feet  altitude, 
forming  by  itself  large  bogs  ( \V.  II.  Brewer). 

9.  S.  teres,  Angstroem.  Dioecious,  loosely  cespitose,  yellow- 
ish brown ;  male  i)lant8  in  separate  tufts,  more  slender  than  the 
female,  with  subglobose  heads  composed  mostly  of  short  flower- 
bearing  branches :  stems  solid,  with  2  to  4  cortical  layers  of  un- 
equal cells:  stem-leaves  large,  oblong-ovate,  rounded  at  the 
erose  apex,  the  utricles  empty ;  branch-leaves  closely  imbricate, 
ovate,  abruptly  short-acuminate,  recurved  at  the  obscurely  den- 
tate apex,  the  utricles  fibril  lose  and  porose ;  perichaetial  leaves 
large,  concave  or  subre volute,  erose  at  the  rounded  apex :  cap- 
sule terminal,  globose.  —  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  13,  t.  4; 
Schimp.  Syn.  2  ed.,  836.  aS".  aquarroaum^  var.  tereay  Schimp. 
Torfm.  64 ;  Braithw.  Sphag.  62,  t.  15. 

Had.    Marshes  in  Southern  New  Jersey  {Austin);  '.tire. 

10.  S.  Wulflanum,  Girgens.  Monoecious,  large,  rigid, 
brownish-green,  the  apex  variegated  green  and  red :  stems  dark- 
brown  ;  cortical  cells  small,  in  2  layers ;  branches  7  to  14,  half 
of  them  subarcuate  or  horizontal,  tumescent,  the  rest  slender, 


itphnf/nnm.] 


BIMIAGNACE.E. 


17 


filiform,  and  pciulont:  HtiMn-U'uvcH  mnall,  rotlcxiMl,  viilar<;t'»l  at 
tlu»  base,  liu^ulato,  ohtUMo,  lU'arly  t'litirt',  tlic  utricii's  «'in|ity; 
hraiicli-lt'avos  Niiiall,  ovaU'-IaiKToJatt',  «l»'Htatc»  at  tlir  tnincato 
n|H>x,  tli<>  iippor  laiiceolati'-MilMiiatc  aii<l  iiairowly  inart;iii(><l,  tlio 
utriclt's  lilirilloso  an<l  porosi':  pcricltiutial  Icavrs  hroailly  ohltiiii^, 
olttuscly  |i<)int('<l,  with  etnpty  utricli's:  iiialo  aiiu'iits  sliort,  cap!* 
tat*',  on  piir|»lo  braiu'liU'tw:  capsulrH  t'morsjfini;  frcm  tlii'  tiit't, 
i;Iol»os<'.  —  Siilliv.  Icon.  MuHc.  Siippl.  IH,  t.  1>;  IJraitliw.  Sphaj;. 
7r»,  t.  li'i;  [/null).  Spliauf.  57.  *S'.  /)//c»K>t7«<A/m,  Ani^str. 
Haii.    Ciinuilu  (Marotin,  Fowler)',  New  York  {Uowc,  Pi'ck,  Austin). 

$  4.  Mor,r,iA.  Pliints  shorty  closehf  cespifose^  verij  soft  when 
moistened^  h'ittle  when  dry:  stetn-leai'ea  tHirroicft/  luaV' 
ffincil ,'  br<ni('/i-lenve8  short:  ducts  near  the  coticave  sur^ 
face  {except  in  n.  14),  suhcuncate  with  the  broader  aidefree^ 
or  entirely  surrounded  by  the  utricles. 

11.  S.  rigidum,  Sohlmp.  Moiuufiona,  <1onsc'ly  ccRpitoso, 
rit;i(l,  glaucous-green  above,  whitiHh  below,  the  small  cortical 
cells  in  a  double  or  triple  layer;  branches  in  close  fascicles  of  3 
or  4,  short,  ])artly  detlexed  :  stem-leaves  erect,  stnall,  enlarged 
at  the  very  base,  obtuse-ovato  or  obtusely  triangular;  branch- 
leaves  ovate-oblong,  dentate  at  the  apex,  often  contracted  in  the 
middle  and  cucullato  above,  the  utricles  fibrilloso  and  with 
numerous  unequal  pores ;  the  perichtetial  ovato  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  subfalcate,  d'  ply  eraarginato  or  bidentatc  at  tho 
apex,  tho  utricles  fibrilloso  and  porose :  caj)Sulo  immersed  or 
short-pedicelled.  —  Torfra.  t.  18;  Braithw.  Sphag.  50,  t.  13. 
S.  compactum,  var.  rigidum^  Noes  &  Ilornsch.  S.  strictum, 
Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  201.  S.  humile,  Scliiin]). ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  5,  t.  3. 

Var.  squarrosum,  Russ.  Palo  green ;  branches  spreading 
horizontal'y ;  leaves  loose  and  squarrose. 

Had.  In  bogs,  esi>ecially  southward,  from  the  phie-barrens  of  New 
Jersey  to  Florida;  Yosemite  Valley,  in  the  spray  of  tho  Vernal  Falls, 
and  in  rivulets  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Dana  {Bolander).  Tho  variety  near 
Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania  {liau). 

1*-.  S.  Muelleri,  Schimp.  Delicate,  pale-green :  stems 
slender,  tlie  unecpial  cortical  cells  in  three  layers ;  branches  in 
fascicles  of  3  or  4,  ])fu-tly  arcuate,  partly  flagelliforra  and  pen- 
dent: stem-leaves  large,  obi  ng  or  obovate,  slightly  dentate  at 
the  apex,  fibrilloso  and  porose  like  the  branch-leaves,  which  ar« 


If    ■f*'^-" 


18 


SPHAGNACE^. 


[Sphagnum. 


i;       i 

■;    'I 


I     :i 


:;  'n 


i   I 


fc^ 


erect  and  clasping  to  the  middle,  subsqiiarrose  .above,  oblong, 
lanceolate,  with  a  narrow  crenato  border,  the  compressed  ducts 
broader  and  free  on  the  inner  surface ;  perichajtial  leaves  oblong, 
acuminate-lanceolate,  coarsely  dentate  at  and  toward  the  apex, 
the  utricles  fibrillose  and  porose  in  the  upper  part  only  :  spores 
yellow.  —  Torfni.  t.  2G ;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  9,  t.  5.  >S.  molr 
luscoidesy  Muell.  Syn.  i.  99.  S.  molky  Aust.  S.  molle^  var. 
Muelleri,  Braithw.  Sphag.  54,  t.  12. 

Had.  Florida  ( Ituaaell) ;  Lookout  Mountain,  Tennessee  (Leaq uereux) ; 
New  Jersey  (Austin). 

13.  S.  molle,  Sulliv.  Dioecious,  densely  cespitose,  v/hitish- 
green :  stems  short  (an  inch  or  two  high),  with  two  cortical 
layers  of  quadrangular  cells ;  branches  close,  2  or  3  together, 
spreading:  stem-leaves  close,  large,  oblong,  obtuse,  spreading 
or  deflexed,  the  utricles  empty  or  slightly  fibrillose  and  porose ; 
branch-leaves  very  delicate,  ovate-oblong,  erect,  convolute 
above,  truncate-denticulate  at  the  apex,  the  utricles  with  fibrils 
and  thiidy  scattered  spores ;  pericha)tial  leaves  imbricate,  con- 
cave, constricted  at  the  emarginate  2-3-toothed  apex,  utricles 
empty :  capsule  globose,  exserted  from  the  tufted  branches.  — 
Muse.  Allegh.  n.  205,  Mosses  of  U.  States,  13,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
7,  t.  4;  Braithw.  Si>hag.  53;  Lindb.  Sphag.  33.  S.  tahulare^ 
Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  204,  and  Mosses  of  U.  States,  12. 
S.  compactttm^  Brid.,  and  var.,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  539. 

Var.  tener  am,  Braithw.  Stems  shoi-t,  whitish ;  branches 
crowded:  leaves  acuminate,  somewhat  undulate.  —  Sphag.  55. 
S.  teneriim,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx.,  Muse.  .'3or.-Araer.  (1  ed.)  n.  11 ; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  11. 

IlAB.  Table  Mountain,  South  Carolina  (Gray);  Tallulah  Falls,  Geor- 
gia {Lesq^iereiu);  Quaker  Bridge,  New  Jersey  (James,  Austin). 

14.  S.  Garberi,  Lesqx.  &  James.  Dioecious,  of  medium 
size,  green ;  stems  very  soft,  the  rather  large  cortical  cells  in 
three  layers:  stem-leaves  small,  deltoid-ovate,  subcucullate, 
nearly  entire  at  the  apex,  the  utricles  large,  scarcely  narrower 
along  the  margin,  slightly  porose  and  fibrillose  toward  the 
base  ;  branch-leaves  concave,  imbricattj  at  base,  squarrose  from 
the  middle,  dentate  at  the  truncate  apex,  not  margined,  the 
large  utricles  closely  fibrillose  and  porose,  the  very  narrow 
ducts  on  the  convex  side  of  the  leaf  and  nearly  surrounded 
by  the  utricles;   perichaetial  leaves  deeply  concave  but  not 


Sphngnwn.] 


SPHAGNACE^. 


19 


LI; 


vau:inat(»,  ovate-acuminate,  suhfalcate,  crose  at  the  ai)ex  :  cap- 
sules from  the  tufted  branches,  small,  reddish-brown.  —  Proc. 
Amer.  Acad.  xiv.  133.      S.  humile   Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
vii.  2. 
II An.    Florida  (Br.  A.  P.  Garter). 

§  5.  SunsEcuxDA.  Branc?i-leave8  more  or  less  aecund  or 
falcate^  very  fibrilloaey  more  or  less  porose  in  the  tipper 
part:  ducts  medial,  compressed  or  triangular,  generally 
free  on  the  broader  side. 

15.  S.  SUbsecundum,  Nees.  Dia?cious,  loosely  cespitose, 
variously  colored :  8t«;m  solid,  with  a  simple  layer  of  cortical 
cells ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  3  or  4,  recurved  or  pendent,  short : 
Btem-leaves  small,  enlarged  at  base,  deltoid  or  ovate,  cuculhite 
at  the  obtuse  minutely  fimbriate  apex,  the  utricles  fibrillose  and 
porose  in  the  upper  part  only ;  branch-leaves  spreading,  secund, 
ovate-acuminate,  deeply  concave,  margined,  2-3-toothed  at  the 
apex,  the  utricles  fibrillose  and  with  numerous  small  pores,  gen- 
erally 2-ranked  close  to  the  walls;  pericha3tial  leaves  oblong- 
acuminate,  fibrillose  in  the  upper  part :  caj)sules  in  the  tufted 
branches:  spores  ferruginous.  —  Bryol.  Germ.  i.  17,  t.  3 ; 
Schimp.  Torfm.  t.  22 ;  Braithw.  Sphag.  48,  t.  9,  10 ;  Lindb. 
Sphag.  28. 

Var.  auriculatum,  Lindb.  Stem-leaves  distinctly  auricu- 
late.  —  Schimp.  Torfm.  77,  t.  24. 

Var.  laxum.  Loosely  cespitose,  variegated  in  color :  stem- 
leaves  lingulate,  obtuse ;  branch-leaves  long-ovate,  with  cunei- 
form ducts  near  the  convex  surface ;  jierichietial  leaves  very 
large. —  S.  Zescurii,  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  IL 

Var.  COntortum,  Schimp.  Dark  green,  with  crowded  and 
somew^hat  circinate  branches:  stem-leaves  larger,  the  utricles 
fibrillose  and  porose  th»?ir  whole  length ;  branch-leaves  larger. 
—  S.  contortum,  Schultz ;  Nees  &  Hornsch.  Bryol.  Germ.  i.  15, 
t.  2,  fig.  6. 

Var.  obesum,  Schimp.  Very  stout,  with  tumid  branches 
and  large  closely  imbricate  leaves.  —  S.  contortum,  var.  obesum, 
Wils.  Bryol.  Brit.  22. 

Hab.  Peat-bogs,  in  the  middle  and  northern  sections,  genei-ally  borde.- 
ing  ditches  or  filling  depressions  in  the  bogs. 

16.  S.  laricinum,  Spruce.  Closely  resembling  the  last, 
differing  in  the  double  or  triple  layer  of  cortical  cells,  the  much 


20 


SPHAGNACE^. 


[Sphagnum, 


larger  stem-leaves  narrowed  at  base  and  eraarginate  at  the  apex, 

the  shorter  imbricate  and  aj)j)ressed  (not  secund)  branch-leaves, 

the  utricles  eiongated  and  flexuous,  with  fewer  small  pores  on 

both  sides  of  the  walls,  and  tiie  narrowly  oval  ducts  free  on 

both  faces.  —  Sulliv.   Icon.   Muse.  Suppl.  17,  t.  8 ;   Braithw. 

Sphag.  44,  t.  7,  8 ;  Liudb.  Sphag.  25.     /S.  contortum^  var.  lari- 

cinuniy  Wils. 

LlAB.  Marshes  and  bogs;  Sand  Lake,  N.  Y.  (C.  II.  Peck) ;  Gloucester 
County,  Pcnn.  {E.  A,  Ran). 

17.  S.  Mendocinum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Elongated,  floating, 
loosely  cespitose,  tawny  above,  yellowish  white  below ;  stems 
solid,  the  cortical  cells  in  a  simple  or  double  layer ;  branches 
long  and  flexuous,  in  fascicles  of  2  or  3,  mostly  oj)en,  not  pen- 
dent :  stem-leaves  oblong-ovate,  auricled  at  base,  marginate, 
fibrillose  and  porose  in  the  upper  part ;  branch-leaves  loosely 
imbricate,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  subulate-dentate  at  the  aj^ex, 
the  long  flexuous  utricles  with  close  fibrils  .ind  numerous  minute 
pores  in  rows  on  both  sides  of  the  walls ;  ducts  medial  and 
compressed,  or  narrowly  triangular  with  the  free  base  on  the 
convex  surface :  fruit  unknown.  —  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suj)pl. 
12,  t.  3.  /S.  aitriculatiun^  Lesq.  in  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  4 ; 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (2  ed.)  u.  23.  S.  sub- 
secumliim^  var.  longifoUmny  Lesq.  1.  c.  < 

Has.  Swamps  near  Mendocino  City,  California  (Bolander,  18C7); 
bogs  near  King  Kiver,  California,  at  8-9,000  feet  altitude  (Breioer). 

The  species  is  allied  to  S.  cuspidatum  (to  which  it  is  referred  by 
Braithwaite  and  Lindberg)  in  its  habit  and  in  the  disposition  of  the 
ducts,  to  S.  aubaecundum  in  the  structure  of  the  leaves. 

18.  S.  tenellum,  Ehrh.  Dioecious,  soft  and  delicate,  rarely 
cespitose,  mostly  floating,  yellowish  green  or  straw-color ;  stems 
loose,  slender,  very  long  and  flexuous,  the  cortical  cells  distant 
in  a  double  layer ;  branches  short,  solitary  or  2  or  3  together, 
spreading  or  one  of  them  reflexed :  stem-leaves  spreading  or 
erect,  large,  oblong-ovate,  obtuse,  entire,  densely  fibrillose,  with 
a  few  pores  in  the  upper  part ;  branch-leaves  loosely  incumbent, 
comparativ2!y  short,  ovate-lanceolate,  distinctly  margined,  erose 
at  the  apex,  strongly  fibrillose,  with  many  small  pores  on  the 
upper  surface ;  perichaetial  leaves  loosely  imbricate,  oblong- 
lanceolate  or  Ungulate,  fibrillose  in  the  upper  part :  capsule 
small,  thin-walled,  ochraceous :  spores  large,  yellow :  male 
plants  in  separate  tufts ;  aments  small,  orange-color.  —  Braithw. 


:!i 


Sphagnum.] 


SPHAGNACE.E. 


21 


by 
the 


the 


Sphag.  42,  t.  6 ;    Lindb.  Sphag.  22.      S.  moiluscton,  Bnieh. ; 
Schimp.  Torfm.  71,  t.  21. 

Had.  Peat  bogs;  rare.  Southern  New  Jersey  {Austin);  Canada 
{Fowler);  Cascade  Mountains,  Oregon  (Newberry). 

§  C.  CvMniFOUMiA.  Plants  robust :  stem-leaves  large^linguhtte 
or  spatulate ,'  branclv-leaves  very  concave,  densehj  imltri- 
cate:  cortical  cells  large,  Jibrillose  and porose :  ducts  thick- 
walled,  somewhat  triangular,  medial  or  near  the  concave 
surface  of  the  leaf. 

19.  S.  cymbifolium,  Elirli.  Dioecious,  densely  eespitose 
when  growing  out  of  water,  rarely  floating,  yellowish  green  or 
purplish  ;  stems  solid,  simple  or  2-parted,  the  cortical  cells  in  3 
or  4  layers ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  3  to  5,  two  of  them  pen- 
dent, the  rest  curved :  stem-leaves  generally  reflexed.  Ungulate, 
rounded  and  erose  at  the  apex,  not  margined,  the  utricles  mostly 
empty  or  thinly  fibriliose  toward  the  apex ;  branch-leaves 
broadly  ovate,  narrowed  and  cucullate  toward  the  apex,  sca- 
brous on  the  back  by  the  perforation  of  the  utricles,  which  are 
large  and  fibriliose,  with  few  large  pores,  the  ducts  medial  and 
narrowly  oval ;  pericha3tial  leaves  small,  ovate-lanceolate  :  cap« 
sule  large,  globose,  dark-brown,  stomatose  :  spores  ferruginous  : 
male  plants  slender,  the  aments  rather  thick,  yellow.  —  Hannov.. 
Mag.  1780,  235 ;  Schimp.  Torfm.  69,  t.  19 ;  Braithw.  Sphag.. 
38,  t.  5.  S.  palustre,  Linn. ;  Lindb.  Sphag,  16.  S.  latifolium, 
Hedw.     S.  vulgare,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  285. 

Has.    Bogs  and  mountain  rivulets;  common  and  variable.. 

20.  S.  papillosum,  Lindb.  Much  like  the  last  and  gen- 
erally confounded  with  it.  Cortical  cells  quadrangular,  in  four 
layers  :  stem-leaves  rounded  and  minutely  fringed  at  the  apex ; 
branch-leaves  round-ovate,  the  ducts  densely  and  minutely 
papillose  where  in  contact  with  the  utricles  which  enclose  them ; 
perichaBtial  leaves  oblong,  plicate,  the  utricles  empty  in  the 
lower  part,  porose  and  fibriliose  above.  —  Act.  Soc.  Sc.  Fenn. 
X.  280,  and  Sphag.  14 ;  Austin,  Muse.  Appal.  Exsicc.  Suppl. 
n.  451 ;  Braithw.  Sphag.  35,  t.  4. 

Hab.  New  Jersey  (Austin);  Canada  (Fowler);  Pennsylvania  (E.  A. 
Rau). 

21.  S.  Austin!,  Sulliv.  Pale  green,  resembling  the  last 
two  species  in  size  and  aspect,  differing  especially  in  the  stem- 
leaves  distinctly  fimbriate,  with  the  utricles  porose  and  fibriliose 


rrr 


i  : 

t 

1          1 

s 

1  !i 

■    in 


!  i 


i"! 


a? 


22 


SPIIAGXACE/E. 


[Sphagnum. 


in  the  lower  part,  empty  in  the  upper;  branch-leaves  denticulate 
above  the  middle  and  scabrous  at  the  cucullate  apex,  with  the 
triangular  ducts  free  on  the  concave  side  of  the  leaf,  and  the 
walls  of  the  utricles  bordered  by  a  fringe  of  rudimentary  fibres ; 
pericluetial  leaves  large,  oblong,  obtuse,  fimbriate  at  the  apex : 
flowers  mona'cious,  and  the  small  capsule  short-pedicellate.  — 
Icon.  Muse.  Supi)l.  9,  t.  1 ;  Austin,  Muse.  Appal.  Exsicc.  n.  2 ; 
Braithw.  Sphag.  33,  t.  3. 

Hab.  Swamps  in  Ocean  County,  New  Jersey  {Austin,  E.  A.  Rau)\ 
also  found  in  Sweden  by  Lindberg. 

22.  S.  Portoricense,  Hampe.  Dicecious  (?),  very  large, 
generally  floating,  the  exposed  portion  greenish,  the  immersed 
grayish  brown;  stems  solid,  the  cortical  cells  in  3  or  4  1*  ers, 
fibrillose  and  slightly  porose ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  ■*  or  6, 
some  ament-like,  attenuate  at  base,  erect  or  arcuate,  others 
longer,  more  slender  and  pendent:  stem-leaves  appendiculate 
or  substipulate,  broadly  triangular-ovate,  entire,  the  utricles 
without  j)ore8  and  with  few  fibrils;  branch-leaves  closely 
imbricate,  cucullate  and  scabrous  on  the  back  at  the  apex, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  minutely  fimbriate  all  around  like  the 
stem-leaves,  narrowly  margined,  the  utricles  fibrillose  and 
porose  and  with  the  walls  made  papillose  by  the  bases  of  abor- 
tive fibrils;  ducts  as  in  the  last  species:  fruit  unknown. — 
Linnaea,  xxv.  359 ;  Austin,  Muse.  Appal.  Exsicc.  n.  1 ;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  3,  t.  2 ;  Braithw.  Sphag.  32,  t.  2 ;  Lindb.  Sphag.  9. 
S.  Sullivantiamnn,  Austin,  Am.  Journ.  Sci.  2  ser.,  xxxv.  253. 

Hab.  Manchester  Pond,  Ocean  County,  New  Jersey  (Austin); 
Atlantic  County,  etc.,  New  Jersey  [E.  A.  Rau).  Described  by  Hampe 
from  specimens  collected  in  Porto  Rico. 

§  7.  Cyclophylla.  Loosely  cespitose:  stems  short,  with  or 
mostly  without  short  simple  ament-like  brandies:  leaves 
loosely  imbricate,  orbicular  or  ovate,  broadly  obtuse :  ducts 
central,  oval,  ihick-walled :  cortical  cells  large,  in  a  single 
layer.  Plants  generally  destroyed  by  drought  and  an- 
nually reproduced  from  the  prothallium. 

23.  S.  cyclophyllum,  Sulliv.  Jk  Lesq.  Dia?eiou8 ;  plants 
ament-like,  soft,  prostrate-  or  erect  and  loosely  cespitose,  of  a 
whitish-glaucous  color :  leaves  very  large,  round-ovate,  flaccid, 
very  entire,  with  two  rows  of  thin  marginal  cells,  the  utricles 
long,  flexuous,  fibrillose,  with  minute  pores  along  the  borders ; 


* 


Sphagnum.] 


SPnAGNACEwB. 


23 


pcricha'tiul  leaves  oblon^-ov.ite,  erose  or  truncate  at  the  apex : 
capsule  globose,  small,  immersed  in  the  lateral  hud-like  pericha*- 
tium  :  male  amenta  upon  short  simple  tufted  branches.  —  Muse. 
jJor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  1),  n.  5;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  11, 
Icon.  3Iusc.  13,  t.  6,  and  Suppl.  16,  t.  7  ;  Lindb.  Sj)hafx.  !^0. 
aV.  ohtKsi/olinm,  va".  turf/ldum^  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumm. 
Muse.  liSor.-Amer.  (Coll.  If.),  n.  17.  A',  larichnim^  var.  ci/cl<>- 
phj/llnm,  Lindb.,  in  p.irt. ;  Braithw.  Sphag.  47,  t.  8,  fig.  H. 

IlAn.  Growing  in  t.'fls  in  depressions  in  sandstone  rocks  or  in  sandy 
ground  in  tlie  mountains  uf  the  Southern  States  from  Alabama  to  Florida; 
floating  in  deep  swamps  near  New  Orleans;  southern  New  Jersey,  where 
it  was  discovered  in  fruit  by  Mr.  Austin. 

24.  S.  sedoides,  Brid.     Loosely  cesj>itose,  soft,  purplish, 

the  branches  very  short,  scattered,  simple  or  mere  bud-like 

branchlets :    leaves   closely   imbricated,    oblong-ovate,   obtuse, 

denticulate  at   and  below  the  apex,  narrowly  margined,  the 

utricles  fibrillose,  rarely  porose  :  fruit  unknown.  —  Bryol.  Univ. 

i.  750;  SuUiv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  208,  Mosses  of  U.  States,  12, 

and  Icon.  Muse.  11,  t.  6.     S.  Pi/laiei,  var.  sedoides,  Lindb.; 

Braithw.  Sphag.  80,  t.  28,  B.     Considered  by  Mueller  (Syn. 

i.  92)  to  be  a  young  state  of  S.  cynibifoUuni. 

Had.  Springy  places,  on  Table  Rock,  South  Carolina  (Gray,  Lesqiie- 
reitx);  Mount  Marcy,  New  York  {Torrey). 

25.  S.  Fitzgeraldi,  Renauld,  In  litt.  Plants  in  short 
compact  whitish  tufts;  stems  slender,  with  a  single  cortical 
layer  of  large  rectangular-elongated  cellules ;  branches  single  or 
two  together,  short,  arcuate  or  pendent :  stem-leaves  oblong  or 
obovate,  truncate  and  dentate  at  the  apex,  auriculate  at  the  base, 
bordered  by  two  row^s  of  very  narrow  cells  ;  the  utricles  fibrose, 
without  pores ;  branch-leaves  narrow,  linear-oblong,  truncate, 
denticulate  at  the  apex  and  along  the  bor<''ers  to  the  mid<lle ; 
the  marginal  cells  and  utricles  as  in  the  stem-leaves;  ducts 
medial,  nearly  square,  much  smaller  than  the  utricles,  but  free 
on  the  lower  and  upper  surface  :  flowers  and  fruit  unknown. 

Hab.    Florida,  on  decaying  leaves  of  palmetto  (C.   IT.  Fitzgerald). 

Species  allied  to  S.  sedoides,  Brid.,  differing  in  the  stem-leaves,  obovate 
and  auriculate  at  base,  those  of  the  branches  narrow,  nearly  linear,  den- 
ticulate to  the  middle,  truncate  at  the  apex,  and  in  the  small  square  free 
intermediate  ducts. 

26.  S.  Pylaesii,  Brid.  Dioecious,  loosely  cespitose,  reddish 
brown,  more  robust  than  the  preceding ;  branches  solitary  or 


24 


SPIIAGXACE^. 


[Sphagnum. 


fascicled  in  twos  or  threes,  short,  arcuate,  filiform :  leaves  of 
the  stem,  branches  and  perichaetiura  oblong-ovato,  broadly 
obtuse,  entire  or  eroso  at  the  apex :  capsule  small,  globose, 
immersed  on  short  lateral  branches :  male  plants  more  robust, 
the  aments  in  tl>e  upper  slightly  inflated  branches.  —  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  749 ;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  12,  t.  G,  and  Suppl.  15,  t.  G ; 
Braithw.  Si)hag.  85,  t.  28,  excl.  var.  tS.  cymbifolium^  forma 
jiwenilisy  Muell.  Syn.  i.  92.  S.  aedoideSy  var.,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 
Muse.  Bor.-Ara.  Exsicc.  (ed.  1),  n.  4. 

Had.  Same  as  the  preceding;  stagnant  marshes,  Southern  New 
Jersey,  in  fruit  {Auatin,  J.  Donnell  Smith). 

§8.  Abnormia.     Sterna  and  branch-leaves  with  porose  cells  and 
no  fibres.    Plants  of  large  size^  shining  when  dry, 

27.  S.  macrophyllum,  Bemh.  Dioecious,  very  long, 
generally  floating,  dark  olive-green  or  brown  ;  stems  solid,  with 
a  double  or  triple  layer  of  thick-walled  transversely  oval  or 
fiubquadrate  cells ;  branches  in  fascicles  of  3  or  4,  diverging 
and  spreading:  stem-leaves  small,  ovate,  enlarged  at  base, 
tapering  to  an  obtuse  apex,  entire ;  branch-leaves  rigid,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  subulate,  denticulate  at  the  convolute  apex, 
the  utricles  long  and  fusiform,  with  pores  in  longitudinal  rows 
in  the  middle,  the  nearly  circular  thin-walled  ducts  central  and 
free  on  both  sides :  perichaetium  lateral  and  tufted,  with 
oblong-lanceolate  obtuse  leaves,  denticulate  at  the  apex ;  cap- 
sule globose,  short-pedicellate :  spores  sulphur-yellow,  tetrahe- 
dral  and  papillose :  male  flowers  unknown.  —  Brid.  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  10  ;  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  207,  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
12,  and  Icon.  Muse.  1,  t.  1. ;  Braithw.  Sphag.  87,  t.  29 ;  Lindb. 
Sphag.  72. 

Var.  Floridanum,  Aust.  Areolcs  of  the  leaves  twice  as 
long  as  in  the  normal  form,  with  40  to  70  minute  pores  in 
two  rows.  —  Bull.  Torrey  Club,  vii.  15.  S.  cribroaum^  Lindb. 
Sphag.  74. 

Had.  Swamps  of  the  Southern  States,  from  New  Jersey  to  Florida, 
rarely  fruiting;  the  variety  in  Florida  (Aaatiriy  J.  Donnell  Smith). 


Andreoea.] 


ANDRE^ACEiE. 


26 


Order  IT.  ANDRE^EACEiE.   Sciiizocarpous  Mosses. 

Plants  ascending  from  a  prostrate  rooting  base,  of  dark  color 
and  generally  black,  branching  by  innovations  from  under  the 
flower-bearing  apex,  and  dichotomous.  Leaves  thickish,  open 
or  falcate-secund,  papillose  or  warty ;  areolation  circular  or 
hexagonal  in  the  upi)er  part,  quadrate  in  the  lower,  sinuous- 
vermicular  at  base.  Flowers  monoecious  or  ditecious,  terminal, 
gemniiform.  Calyptra  very  thin,  closely  adherent.  Capsule 
oval,  immersed  in  the  large  perichtetium  before  maturity  and 
then  protruded  by  the  elongation  of  the  receptacle  or  vaginule, 
splitting  from  the  collum  upward  into  4  or  rarely  6  e^ual  seg- 
ments, which  cohere  at  the  quadrangular  apex.  Spores  small, 
at  first  coherent  by  fours  in  glomerulcs. 

Plants  cespitose,  growing  on  rocks  in  alpine  or  subalpine  localities;  all 
the  American  species  mona'cious. 


1.  ANDRE^A,  Ehrh.  (PI.  1.) 

The  only  genus.     Characters  as  of  the  Order. 

1.  A.  petrophila,  Ehrh.  Leaves  spreading,  rarely  secund, 
ov.nte  and  oblong-lanceolate,  concave,  oblique  at  the  hyaline 
crenulate  apex,  papillose  on  the  back,  ecostate;  porichaetial 
leaves  convolute,   light-yellow.  —  Beitr.   i.   192 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 

j\J      t,  628;  Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.,  i.  6,  t.  1,  A.     A.  rupestris, 
Hedw. 
Had.    Wet  granitic  rocks,  on  liigli  mountains;  very  variable. 

2.  A.  rupestris,  Turn.    Leaves  erect,  subimbricate  at  the 

ovate  base,  open,  linear-lanceolate,  spreading,  incurved  or  sub- 

secund   at   the   apex;   costa  depressed,  excurrent;  areolation 

punctiform,  striate.  —  Muse.  Col.  Hyb.  Spec.  14 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 

t.  631.     Jungermannia  ntpestris,  Linn.   Fl.-Suec.  1046.    A. 

liothii,  Web.  &  Mohr ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  12,  t.  2,  A. 

Hab.  On  rocks,  with  the  preceding;  common  in  the  mountains  of 
Georgia  and  Carolina,  descending  to  the  plains  nortlnvard.  On  gneiss 
rocks  near  Yonkers,  New  York,  on  the  borders  of  the  Hudson  (E.  C. 
Howe). 


T^ 


ANDRE^ACEiE. 


[Andreoea. 


8.  A.  Crassinervia,  Brucli.  Stem  prostrate,  frngile : 
leaves  faleate-Heeuii<l,  oblong  at  bjwe,  abruptly  laneeolate, 
ciiHpiilate  by  the  seiniterete  excurrcnt  costii,  papillose  i.t.  the 
apex;  perichtetial  leaves  large:  eapstile  small,  short-neeked. — 
Denksehr.  Aead.  Mueiich.  1828,  27U,  t.  10 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  683 ; 
IJraithw.  1.  c.  11,  t.  1,  C. 

II Au.    Mountains  of  New  England  {Oakea). 


I 


Ordeu  III.    BRYACE^.    True  Mosses. 

Plants  generally  low  and  tufted,  from  a  filiform  prothallium, 
with  short,  fleshy  or  hard,  elongated,  round  or  slightly  com- 
pressed, rarely  angular  stems,  either  rooting  at  base  and  erect, 
bearing  the  organs  of  fructification  at  the  apex  (Acrocarpi) 
and  continued  by  innovationn  from  below  the  flowers,  or  pro- 
cumbent and  creej)ing,  rooting  at  intervals  through  their  whole 
length,  and  bearing  flowers  on  short  lateral  branches  ( Clado- 
carpi)^  or  in  buds  at  the  axils  of  the  leaves  (Pleitrocarpi). 
Leaves  inserted  at  right  angles  to  the  stems,  open-spreading  or 
oblique-erect,  composed  of  a  single  layer  of  cells,  rarely  of  two 
or  three,  simple-nerved  in  the  middle  or  binerved  a*  base  or 
nerveless.  Flowers  gemmaceous  or  inclosed  in  involucral 
leaves  (perichcetium  and  periffonmm),  rarely  discoid  or  ex- 
posed to  view,  surrounded  by  open  involucral  leaves  at  the  apex 
of  the  stems,  synojcious,  autcecious,  monoecious  or  dicecious. 
Capsule  globular,  oblong,  oval  or  cylindrical,  traversed  length- 
wise by  the  columella,  irregularly  breaking  around  in  the 
middle  at  maturity  for  the  emission  of  spores,  or  more  gen- 
erally opening  at  its  upper  part  by  a  cover  {operculum)  de- 
tached by  the  inflation  of  the  cells  of  the  annulus  and  ex- 
posing the  orifice,  which  is  either  naked  {gymno8tome)  or 
surrounded  by  a  simple  or  double  peristome  attached  to  the 
inner  border  of  the  capsule.  The  simple  or  outer  peristome  is 
composed  of  4  to  32  teeth  or  more,  coherent  in  pairs ;  the 
inner  is  formed  of  a  yellowish  pellucid  membrane  attached  to 


BRYACEiE. 


27 


the  inner  Imsc  of  the  toeth,  dividinij^  above  into  10  lanceolatu 
(loiihle  sc'j^nicnts,  which  arc  carinatu  on  the  outtiido  hy  the 
cohesion  of  the  segments  their  whole  U'ngth,  or  cleft  along 
the  (livisural  line  and  <li»joine(l,  or  adhering  merely  hy  pronii* 
nent  articulations  and  thus  perforated  on  the  keel ;  segments 
alternating  with  the  teeth  of  the  external  peristome  and  often 
separated  by  1  to  3  HIiform  articulate  or  more  rarely  transversely 
laciniate  or  appendiculate  cilia.  Spores  of  one  kind  only,  till- 
ing the  inner  sac  of  the  ca])8ule,  dispersing  at  maturity  and 
producing  by  gennination  the  tiliform  prothallium,  from  which 
sprout  the  iiriniitive  buds  of  the  plants. 


Systematio  Arrangrement  of  Tribes  and  Qenera. 

Seiuks  I.    AC^ROCAUPI.      Flowers  terminal,  becoming  lateral  only 
by  innovations  from  under  the  flowers. 

A.  Dehiscence  of  the  capsule  Irregular,  transverse. 

Tribe  I.  PHASCE^fC.    Plants  minute.    T,eaves  soft,  very  loosely  areo- 
late.    Capsule  globular,  iuunersed,  suusessile  or  short-pedicellate. 

•  Plants  bud-like,  on  a  persistent  prothallium.    Leaves  nerveless,  except 

in  one  species. 

Calyptra  minute,  closely  adhering.  1.  Micromitrium. 

Calyptra  larger,  campanulate.  2.  Ephemerum. 

«  •  Leaves  distinctly  nerved.    Prothallium  none. 

Caulescent.        Capsule     globose,    aplculate. 
Calyptra   campanulate. 

Stemless.     Capsule  enclosed  in  a  cluster  of 
imbricate  concave  leaves. 

Caulescent.     Capsule    pedicellate.     Calyptra 
cucullate. 

Plants  larger;  stems  divided.    Capsule  ovate. 
Calyptra  cucullate. 

Stemless.    Leaves  more  closely  areolate,  mi- 
nutely papillose  on  the  back. 

Ciiulescent.     Capsule  apophysate,  except  in 
one  species.    Calyptra  mitrate. 


3.  Physoomitrella. 

4.  Sphaerangium. 

5.  Phascum. 

6.  Pleuridium. 

7.  Miorobr3rum. 

8.  Bruchia. 
0.  Archidium. 


Capsule  globose.     Calyptra  irregularly  torn. 
Spores  very  large  and  few. 

B>  Capsule  dehiscing  by  a  deciduous  operculum. 

Tbide  IL  WEISIE^.  Plants  cespltose.  Leaves  simply  costate;  areo- 
lation  opaque,  punctlform  or  quadrate,  generally  papillose  in  the 
upper  part,  oblong-hexagonal,  pellucid  or  chlorophyllose  in  the 


28 


nilYACE.E. 


lower.    Operculum  rostrate.    Peristoiiio  slinplo  or  none.    Calyptra 
ouculUte. 

•  rcrUtoine  iionR. 

Plants    uniftll.       C'apsiilo    t'lecrt ;    opiTOuluin 

HlroHKly  uillicn'iit. 
riiiiilH   liir},'t'r.      Opoirulniii   long-beaked,  de- 

(*1(|||<>IIH. 

PlantN    lar^is    dieliotoniou^ly   divided,   as   in 
I'leurocurjtl, 

•  •  Pciistonin  simple,  of  10  teeth,  iiTegiilarly  splitting  ur  perforated. 

Plants     small.        Capsnlo     lonjj-peilicelhito. 


10.  Astomum. 

11.  Qymnostomum. 

12.  AncBotangium. 


Teeth    transversely    articnluie,    entire    or 
perforated. 

Plants  lar^e.  Perlolia'tltunslieathinj,'.  Teeth 
more  d.stinctly  articulate,  entire  or  bltld  at 
apex. 

Leaves  soft,  coarsely  papillose,  serrulate  above. 
Capsule  slightly  curved. 

Leaves  minutely  papillose  on  both  faces.  Cap- 
sule stria*  e,  erect. 

Leaves  minutely  crenidate.  Capsule  short, 
ovate,  with  a  distinct  collum  regular  or 
strumose.     Teeth  irregularly  split. 

Leaves  enlarged,  sheathing  at  base,  Irregidarly 
serrulate.     Teeth  2-y-cleft  to  the  middle. 


13.  Weisia. 

14.  Dicranoweisia. 
10.  Oreoweisia. 

10.  Bhabdoweisia. 

17.  Cynodontium. 

18.  Dichodontium. 


«  «  •  Teeth  regularly  bifid  to  the  mitldle  (Dicranoid).    Leaves  smooth ; 
basilar  areolation  quadrate,  enlarged  at  the  angles. 


Leaves  lanceolate-subulate.  Capsule  arcuate 
with  a  long  narrow  collum. 

Stems  nearly  simple,  filiform.  Capsule  small, 
erect,  subglobose. 

Plants  small.  Capsule  cemuous.  Segments 
of  the  teeth  filiform,  granulose. 

Plants  large.  Leaves  spreading  or  secund,  not 
or  scarcely  sheathing;  costa  strong,  more  or 
less  dilated  toward  the  base. 


10.  Trematodon. 

20.  Angstrcemia. 

21.  D^cranella. 

22.  Dicranum. 


28.  Dicranodontium. 
24.  Campylopus. 


Leaves    long,  setae,  ous-subulate,  the   upper 

{)art  filled  by  the  broad  costa  ;  basilar  areo- 
ation  much  enlarged,  brown  at  the  angles. 

Capsule  on  a  curved  flexuous  pedicel.    Calyp- 
tra  cucullate,  dilate  at  base. 

Plants  frondose.  Leaves  distichous,  conduplioate  in  the  lower  part,  alate 
on  the  back,  expanded  above  Into  a  simply  costate  lamina.  Peri- 
stome of  Dlcramnn.     {Subtrlbe  Fissidente^.) 

Frond-like;  not  aquatic.  25.  Fissidens. 

Plants  slender,  branching  and  floating.  Leaves 
distant.  26.  Gonoxnitrium. 

Plants  soft,  sponjiy,  whitish  yellow.  Leaves  thick,  composed  of  three 
superposed  layers  of  cells,  witli  Intercellular  simple  narrow  ducts. 
{Subtribe  IjEUCOBBYEiE.) 

Peristome  of  Dicranum.  27.  Leucobnruxn. 


DUYACE.B. 


29 


IVrUtoiiIp  of  8  short  tc«lh. 


28.  Ootoblepharum. 


U'iivt'8  liinc»M)hito-Hul)uliito,  Hftnpluj:  at  ha%o,  o\m\,  HpnwIlnR  or  dintl- 
flit)UH;  cojtlii  Htroni;,  iM'icuiiviit.  Cumiih'  oviiUi-rylliulrlcttI,  «'n'«t 
or  liwlliUMl,  lonK-i»«'.llcclliil«'.     Twth  of  tlu'  p.-rUumm  l«»,  <llvl.l»'«l  lo 


noiir  th«  brt.s»(  Into  two  «'(|iml  slroiiKly  iirtlciiliil*'  m-jjiiii'iitJi,  or  Irrogu- 
liirly  split;  noiit^  in  Kunlh'hUi.     {Snhtrihv  ('i;u.vtoi»omk.e.) 
LftRvm  strongly  cobiuie.  CupsuU'  ovute-oblonj?, 

HtriatM. 
Leaves  lonK-snbiilatc  from  an  oblong  Nhoathing 

Imne.     Capsub!  narrow,  i-ylindrical. 
Leaves    dislieboiis,   Hubulale   from   tbo  balf- 

claNpin^  base. 
Leaves  dlsticbous,  {'anallculate-pUcatc,  closely 

Inibricatti. 

Plants  generally  minute.     Loavos  open,  narrow 

tlie  colliim,  turbinate  wben  dry.     l'«'ri8toine  none,  or  simplu,  and  of 
W  smooth  acute  or  obtuse  teeth.     {Sithlribc  Ski.iukkik.k.) 

Peristome  none. 

Plants  small.     Peristome  of   10  teeth,  solid, 
without  a  divisural  line. 

Plants  larije.  Areolution  of  the  leaves  enlarged, 
oranp;-colored  at  the  basal  angles. 

Plants  very  small.   Calyptra  ndtriform.   Teeth 
liyaline-punutulatc. 

Plants  small;  pedicel  long,  slender,  geniculate. 
Teeth  subulate. 


20.  Geratodon. 
;i().  Triohodon. 
lii.  Distichium. 
32.  Eustiohia. 

Capsule  ere<!t,  tumid  at 


'M.  Anodus. 

34.  Seligeria. 

35.  Blindia. 
30.  Braohyodus. 
37.  Campy losteleum. 


TiuuK  II L  POTTIE/E.  Dranches  fastlgiate  by  Innovations.  Leavea 
with  a  parenehymatose  (|ua(irate-h<!.\ai!onal  areolation,  papillose 
and  chloropliyllose  in  the  upi^er  part,  dilated  and  hyaline  at  base. 
Capsule  erect,  narrowly  ova'  or  cylindrical.  Peristome  rarely 
abs<nit,  generally  of  10  Hat  membranous  teeth,  sometimes  simple  or 
rudimentary,  mostly  split  to  the  base  into  32  terete  filiform 
obscurely  articulate  segments. 


Capsule  immersed.     Peristome  none. 

Capsule  erect,  pedicellate.  Peristome  none  or 
imperfect,  of  10  flat  teeth. 

Teeth  slender,  linear-lanceolate,  confluent  at 
base,  entire  or  cleft  above. 

Leaves  lanceolate-subulate,  glossy.  Teeth 
cleft  to  the  base  into  two  linear  unequal 
segments. 

Leaves  gradually  lengthening  from  the  base 
upward.  Teeth  cleft  to  the  base  into  two 
equal  very  papillose,  half-terete  segments, 
entire  or  irregularly  interrupted. 

Leaves  ovate  or  obovate.  Segments  subterote 
or  tetragonal-filiform,  free  or  irregularly 
transversely  connate,  erect  or  slightly  twisted 
to  the  left.  Columella  projecting  beyond  the 
orifice. 

Teeth  divided  to  the  base  Into  long  filiform 
segments,  twisted  to  the  left,  borne  upon  a 
more  or  less  elongated  tessellate  membrane. 


38.  Pharomitrium. 

30.  Pottia. 

40.  Didymodon. 

4L  Leptotrichum. 

42.  Trichostomum. 

43.  Desmatodon. 

44.  Barbula. 


I  ^ 


# 


80 


DRYACE.E. 


TiiiiiE  IV.  (HIIMMIK.E.  IMantu  tufU'tl  or  nulvlimto.  Loavea  short, 
Holld,  ofloii  |)llif«'roiiH-nciiiiilniit«t;  urcolutioiMlt'iiH*',  oliHcuro,  niincti- 
form,  iiilniitt'ly  roiinil-qiiuitnit*;  ami  cliloroiilivlloHf  iibovo.  (/npNtile 
rcKuliir,  on  a  Ntrai;{lit  or  an-ual«>  pfiliccl.     T«>i>tli  Kl,  tratiNVfrm'ly 


Calyptra  cucul- 


4n.  Cinolidotus. 


•ly 

artl«!iilal«,  «'iitln%  orlhroso  or  variously  cN-ft,  rin<'ly  alm»Mit.    Calyptra 
K<!ii(!raily  iiiltrlforiii,  soiiiutliiivH  spill  on  unu  aidu  ur  luUiU. 

riants  lloatiuK  in  lon^  tufts, 
late.     Teeth  caiu'ellat*'. 

l.cavoH  hftlr-pointed.  (Jalyptra  lohatc-mltratp. 
Capsule  enierxiuK  on  an  arcuate  pedicel; 
teeth  cribrose  or  lacunosc;. 

I'lants    ptdvinato.      Capsule    inunersed. 
Teeth  cribrose. 

Lid     persistent. 


Capsule     immersed. 
Teeth  ;12. 

Capsule  on  a  short  ctirved  pedicel.    Teeth 
none,  or  cleft  or  perforated. 

Capsulft  erect  on  a  straijiht  pedicel. 

Plants  large.  Calyntra  niitriform-subulatc. 
Teeth  Irregularly  cleft  to  below  the  middle, 
or  to  the  base  Into  two  Hliform  segments. 

Leaves  hyaline,  ciliate  at  apex.  Capsule  im- 
mersed.    Peristome  none. 

Capsule  long-pedlcelle  1,  pyrlfonn  or  turbinate. 


40.  Qrimmia. 

Subgen.  SrhhtlUlttm. 
Subgen.  SeouleHa. 


Subgen.  Gnfttcrnfirimmia. 
Subgen.  Gnmbella, 

47.  Racomitrium. 

48.  Hedwififia. 
40.  Braunia. 


Tribe  V.  ORTIIOTHICITE/E.  Plants  tufted.  Leaves  of  close  texture, 
as  In  Grlmnila.  Calyptra  mitriform  (cucullate  in  n.  5;)  and  54), 
plicate,  often  hairy.  Peristome  rarely  absent,  simple  or  double, 
the  outer  of  H  bigendnate  or  l(t  gendnate  flat  short  lanceolate  entire 
or  ])*>rforated  teeth,  the  inner  of  8  or  10  simple  tlUforui  cilia  or 
lanceolate  segments. 

Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  base. 
Teeth  cribrose. 

Calvptra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  middle. 
Teeth  narrowly  lanceolate. 

Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  below  the 
base,  plicate  and  cleft  at  base.  Teeth  entire. 

Capsule  striate,  urceolate.    Calyptra  cucullate. 

Calyptra  large,  cuculliform.  Teeth  short, 
truncate. 

Leaves  long,  flexuous,  crisp  when  dry.  Calyp- 
tra hairy. 

Leaves  shorter,  striate  when  dry.  Capsule 
mostly  immersed,  8-10-strlate.  Calyptra 
campanulate,  naked  or  hairy. 

Calyptra  campanulate,  plicate,  laciniate  at 
base. 

Calyptra  campanulate,  not  plicate.  Teetli 
spirally  revolute. 

Calyptra  very  large,  cylindrtcal-campanulate, 
covering  tlie  whole  capsule. 

Calyptra  twisted,  persistent,  plicate,  con- 
stricted at  base,  enclosing  the  capsule. 
Peristome  none. 


00.  Oosoinodon. 

51.  Ptyohomitrium. 

52.  Gl3rphomitrium. 

53.  Amphoridium. 

54.  Drumxnondia. 

55.  Ulota. 

56.  Orthotrichum. 

57.  Macromitrium. 

58.  Schlotheimia. 

59.  Encalypta. 

60.  Calymperes. 


DRYACE.B. 

rftlypfmrurtilljitr»-<llmltll»te.    Perlstoinoof  Ifl 
horizontul  Uuttli. 


81 


ni.  Byrrhopodon. 


TuiiiK  VI.  TKTUArillDK.K.  IMtiiitN  ti.itiMl.  L<>uv«>n  niitl  arcuintlon 
nearly  iiH  in  ltryvn'.  l'«>riAl(>ti>«'(>(iiii|H)m>(l  of  tliu  cfllulur  purl  uflhc 
)iil,  (ilviUutI  liitu  4  broadly  lttii(*u(ilat«!  u>(>tli. 

CniilfHCt'iit.    Culyptra  thin,  whlU;,  ruddUli  iit 

npfx. 
Stftnlt'Nfl.     Culyptra  covering  thu  oapitnlo  to 

Ihu  baHti. 


(12.  Tetraphis. 
<».'5.  Tetrodontium. 


TimiK  VII.  DISOKLIK.'E.  Plnntn  p>nnnlf<>rni,  v«>ry  nnmll.  Lnivon  not 
coHtate.  CupHuiu  uvul,  p'!ilicvllalu.  i'uriatouie  uf  10  siniplu  teeth, 
Hpllt  at  haHe. 

Character  of  the  Tribe.  (M.  DiflO   liuia. 

Tbibk  VIII.  SCIIISTOS'IKGK.K.  lMant»  annnal,  from  a  colored  pro- 
tliHllinni,  delicate,  dlniorpbnu.s;  th«>  sterile  frondiforni,  with  leaves 
verticlllate  and  continent  ut  bane;  the  fertile  frontlifonn  In  the  lower 
nart  only,  with  apical  (lowers  anil  a  few  nUnute  horizontally  tufted 
leaves.    Capsule  siuaii.    reristoiuu  none. 


Single  genus. 


(15.  Sohistostega. 


TuuiK  IX.  SPLACIINE^.  Plants  and  leaves  of  soft  loose  texture.  Male 
(lowers  discoid.  Capsule  with  an  apophysis  varying  in  shape  and 
size. 

»  Calyptra  niitriform.    Apophysis  not  discolored  by  age. 

Leaves  ovate  or  si)atiilatc,  obtuse.  Peristome 
of  10  sliort  or  truncate  teeth.  00.  Dissodoxi.   ^ 

Leaves  long,  spatulate-acuminate.  Teeth  of 
tl>e  peristome  long,  attached  below  the  ori- 
fice of  the  capsule.  07.  Tayloria. 

«  «  Calyptra  small,  conic,  entire  or  cucullate.    Apophysis  discolored 

by  age. 

Leaves  more  densely  reticulate.  Teeth  solid, 
bigeminate.  08.  Tetraplodon. 

Leaves  tufted;  areolatlon  very  loose.  Apo- 
physis enlarged  after  maturity,  becoming 
subgloboae  and  colored.  00.  Splachnum. 

Tbibr  X.  PHYSCOMITRTEiE.  Plants  short,  soft.  Leaves  large ;  areo- 
latlon very  large,  hyaline.  Capsule  rarely  symmetrical,  generally 
cernnous  and  gibbons.  Peristome  absent  or  of  10  teetli,  inclined  to 
the  right,  with  an  Inner  membrane  divided  into  irregiUar  segments 
or  rudimentary. 


Calyptm  large,  tetragonal,  enfolding  the  cap- 
sule. 

Capsule  subglobose,  splitting  In  the  middle  at 
maturity  without  decoloration  on  the  line  of 
separation. 

Capsule  pyrlform,  regularly  dehiscent;  orifice 
narrow.     Peristome  none. 

Capsule  cernnous  or  pyriform.  Peristome  of 
10  articulate  teeth. 


70.  Pyramidiila. 

71.  Aphanorhegma. 

72.  Physcomitriuxn. 

73.  Entosthodon. 


82 


BUYACE^. 


Capsule  cernuous,  or  erect  at  base,  curved 
above.  Peristome  of  16  teetb  ciirved  to  tbe 
rigbt,  witli  an  internal  membrane  rudi- 
mentary or  divided  into  segments. 


74.  Funaria. 


Tkibe  XI.  BAKTRAMIE^.  Leaves  papillose  on  botb  faces;  areolation 
minute,  quadrate  in  tbe  ujiper  part  of  tbe  leaves.  Capsule  nearly 
spbcrical,  cernuous,  ribbed  wbeu  dry.  Teristome  none,  simple  or 
double. 

Stems  erect,  tomentose,  with  dichotomous 
brancbes.  Teetb  of  tbe  peristome,  wben 
formed,  attacbed  to  tbe  basilar  membrane 
above  tbe  orifice. 

Plants  small.  Leaves  5-ra,nked,  Imbricate. 
Teetb  of  tbe  peristome  connivent  in  a  cone. 

Plants  long,  brandling  in  dicbotomous  inno- 
vations and  fasciculate  brancblets. 


75.  Bartramia. 

76.  Gonostomum. 

77.  Philoaotis. 


TiiiBE  XII.  MEESIE^.  Leaves  3-8-ranked.  Capsule  long-pedicellate 
and  long-necked,  cernuous.  Peristome  double;  oiUer  teeth  much 
shorter  than  tbe  16  segments  of  the  carinate  membrane,  absent  in 
Catoscopiam. 

Capsule  very  small,  globose,  thick,  black. 
Teeth  of  tbe  peristome  short. 

Leaves  thin,  remote,  very  loosely  areolate, 
pellucid. 

Areolation  of  the  leaves  small,  rectangular, 
chlorophyllope. 

Stems  nearly  simple.  Leaves  abruptly  re- 
flexed  from  tbe  middle.  Peristome  of 
Webera, 


78.  Catoscopium. 

79.  Amblyoaon. 

80.  Meesia. 


81.  Paludella. 

Tribe  XIII.  BRYEJE.  Plants  of  various  size.  Leaves  simply  costate, 
generally  dentate ;  areolation  equal,  smooth.  Capsule  globose,  ovate 
or  pyriform,  cernuous,  horizontal  or  pendent,  very  rarely  erect. 
Peristome  generally  double;  teetb  transversely  barred;  inner  mem- 
brane divitled  into  segments  alternaMng  with  the  teeth,  generally 
separated  by  cilia. 

Peristome  simple.  Teeth  narrowly  linear, 
with  nodose  articulation. 

Leaves  narrow,  subulate.  Capsule  long- 
necked.  Peristome  double.  Cilia  appen- 
diculatt. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  glossj',  thinly  costate:  are- 
olation narrow,  linear-hexagonal.  Capsule 
short-necked.  Inner  membrane  broad ;  cilia 
smooth. 

Capsule  thinner,  long-necked,  horizontal. 
Inner  membrane  narrow :  segments  en- 
tire; cilia  none  or  very  short. 

Cellules  of  the  areolation  rhombic-hexagonal, 
loose,  solid.  Capsule  pyriform,  mostly  reg- 
ular. Teeth  of  tbe  peristome  lobed;  seg- 
ments adtiering  to  the  peristome  or  free; 
cilia  fragmentary;  or  2  or  3,  generally  ap- 
pendiculate.  —  Inner  peristome  free ;  mem- 


82.  Mielichhoferia. 


83.  Leptobryum. 


84.  Webera,  proper 


Subgen.  Pohlia. 


BRYACE^. 


83 


brane  large;  segments  perfect,  with  2  or  3 
ai>|>endiculate  cilia. 
Cilia  and  segments  adhering  to  the  teeth. 

Cilia  and  segments  free;  cilia  more  or  less 
perfect. 

riants    large.      Comal    leaves   rosulate. 
Flowers  dioecious,  discoid. 

Leaves  soft,  greenish  white.  Capsule  very 
long-necked,  recur  ed. 

Plants  and  leaves  large.  Upper  leaves  rosu- 
late ;  areolation  very  large,  round-hexagonal. 

Tcctli  of  the  peristome  short,  adhering  to  a 
long  cupuliform  reticulated  inner  mem- 
brane pierced  at  top  by  the  columella. 

Leaves  long,  solid.  Capsule  obconical,  cer- 
nuous,  enlarged  at  the  orilice.  Peristome 
double,  perfect. 

Capsule  erect,  cylindrical-oblong.  Teeth  long; 
uiembrai  3  short,  entire  or  divided  into  seg- 
ments; cilia  none. 

Plants  radiculcse-tomentose.  Leaves  densely 
areolate.  Capsule  oblong,  cernuous.  Peri- 
stome of  J/n/Hm.  (Suhtribe  Aulacomnie^e.) 

Leaves  subequal ;  areolation  round-hexagonal, 
papillose  in  the  upper  part.  Capsule  oblong, 
huri/.(>ntal,  obscurely  striate.  Peristome 
double;  outer  teeth  connate  at  base;  inner 
membrane  divided  into  nodose  filiform  ap- 
pend iculate  segments  or  cilia  united  in 
fours.     (SubtribeTiiAJtiiEJE.} 


85.  Bnnim,  proper. 
Subgen.  Ftychostomum. 

Subgen.  Cladodiitm. 

Subgen.  Rhodobryum. 

80.  Zieria. 

87.  Mniuzn. 

88.  Cinclidium. 

89.  Bhizogonium. 
00.  Leptotheca. 
91.  Aulacomnium. 


92.  Timmia. 


Tribe  XIV.  POLYTRICIIE-^.  Plants  woody, 
late  inside.  Peristome  simple,  of  32  or  04 
adliering  to  the  membranous  enlarged  top  of 

Leaves  not  sheathing  at  base.  Calyptra  cu- 
cullate,  spinulose  at  the  apex  only.  Peri- 
stome of  32  teeth. 

Leaves  subtubulose  at  apex.  Calyptra  large, 
sparsely  hairy.  Capsule  thin.  Teeth  ir- 
regular. 

Calyptra  very  narrow,  smooth.  Capsule  oval- 
globose,  incurved  and  laterally  compressed. 

Leaves  thick,  clasping  at  base;  lamellte  cover- 
ing tlie  whole  lamina.  Capsule  cylindrical- 
oblong. 

Plants  large.  Capsule  quadrate  or  hexagonal 
on  a  short  subglobose  apophysis.    Teeth  04. 


Leaves  thick,  lamel- 
solid  linguiform  teeth, 
the  columella. 


93.  Atrichum. 


94. 


95. 


CO. 


97. 


Oligrotrichum. 
Psilopilum. 

Poeronatum. 
Polytrichum. 


Tribe  XV.  BUXBAUMIE^.  StemJess  plants  with  large  oblique 
venlricose  capsules.  Peristome  double,  the  outer  rudimentary,  the 
inner  membranous,  twisted  into  a  10-32-plicate  truncate  cone. 

Basilar  leaves  lingulate.      Capsule  yellowish 

green,  gibbous-ovate,  98.  Diphiscillin. 

Leaves  dcntate-ciliate,  not  costate.    Capsule 

solid,  blackish.  99.  Buzbavunia. 


r^ 


84 


BRYACE^. 


Seuies  II.   CLADOCAllPI.    Fruit  terminal  on  short  lateral  branches. 

TuiDE  XVI.  FONTINALE^.  Aquatic  plants,  rootinc;  at  base  only, 
floating.  Leaves  thin.  Flowers  (li(Kclous.  Calyptra  cucuilate. 
Teeth  of  the  double  peristome  linear;  inner  membrane  divided 
into  long  cilia  forming  a  latticed  cone  by  transverse  partitions,  or 
the  cilia  free,  longer  than  the  teeth,  appendiculate. 

Cilia  united  into  a  cone  by  transverse  parti- 
tions. 100.  Fontinalis. 

Cilia  simple  or  appendiculate,  latticed  in  the 
upper  part  only.  101.  Dichelyma. 


Sehiks  III.    PLEUROCARPI.    Fruit  lateral,  seSiiile  upon  the  stems 
or  branches.    Flowers  in  axillary  buds. 

Tbide  XVII.  NECKERE^.  Primary  stems  creeping;  the  secondary 
erect  or  creeping,  with  dichotomous  or  pinnate  branches.  Leaves 
smooth,  minutely  areolate.  Capsule  generally  immersed  in  the 
pericluetium.  Calyptra  cucullate-conical,  often  hairy.  Peristome 
simple  or  double,  rarely  absent. 

Peristome  double;  teeth  linear-lii'  '?"■  r^  ; 
segments  very  narrow,  linear;  cilia  none. 
Calyptra  rough  or  papillose.  102.  Gryphsea. 

Peristome  simple.  Vaginule  and  calyptra 
hairy.  103.  Leptodon. 

Secondary  stems  dendroid ;  paraphyllia  multi- 
form. Peristome  double;  segments  long- 
linear,  enlarged  and  carinate  at  base,  with 
or  without  cilia.  104.  Alsia. 

Plants  erect  or  pendent.  Leaves  flat,  glossy. 
Peristome  double;  inner  membrane  divided 
into  filiform  segments. 


105.  Neckera. 


Plants  distichous.  Leaves  diverging  side- 
wise,  cultriform.  Capsule  long-pedicellate. 
Peristome  double. 

Plants  long,  pendent.  Leaves  cordate-clasp- 
ing.   Peristome  double. 


106.  Homalia. 
10;.  ls,.eteorium. 


i  t 


Tribe  XVIII.  LEUCODONTEJE.  Primary  stein '  eeping;  the  sec- 
ondary erect  or  pendent,  simple  or  ramose,  leaves  solid,  sub- 
scarious,  plicate  lengthwise;  areolat'on  in  distinct  rows,  punctiform- 
angular.    Calyptra  large,  cucuilate. 

Leaves  decurrent,  not  costate.  Peristome 
simple;  teeth  distantly  articulate,  2-3-cleft 
at  apex. 

Leaves  slightly  papillose  on  the  back.  Peri- 
stome double.  Teeth  short ;  segments  short, 
imperfect ;  cilia  none. 

Leaves  scarious,  glossy;  areolation  very  small, 
smooth.  Calyptra  sparingly  hairy.  Peri- 
stome double ;  segments  half  as  long  as  the 
teeth.    Cilia  none. 


108.  Leucodon. 


109.  Pterigynandrum. 


110.  Pterogronium. 


BRYACE.E. 


85 


Calyptra  smooth.  Peristome  double.  Teeth 
narrowly  lanceolate-subulate;  sejiments 
shorter  than  the  teeth,  subulate;  basilar 
membrane  none. 


111.  Antitrichia. 


TitHJE  XIX.   HOOKERIE/E.     Plants  small,  soft,  hypnoid;  areolation 
large.     Calyptra  conical-mitrate.     Peristome  double. 

Leaves  bicostate,  often  margined,  more  or  less 
distinctly  serrate.  112.  Hookeria. 

Loaves  plane,  large,  very  obtuse,  not  costate; 
areolation  very  large.  113.  Pteryfifophyllum. 


TiUDE  XX.  FABRONIE^.  Plants  very  small.  Leaves  thin,  delicate, 
ciliate-dentate  or  entire.  Capsule  pyrifonn,  with  a  distinct  collum. 
Calyptra  cucuUate,  split  on  one  side^     Peristome  simple  or  none. 


Leaves  delicate,  not  costate,  dentate-ciliate. 
Calyptra  thin. 

Plants  more  robust.  Leaves  entire,  thinly 
costate  to  tlie  middle.  Peristome  double; 
segments  shorter  than  the  teeth. 

Plants  very  small.  Leaves  squarrose  when 
moist,  entire.     Peristome  simple. 

Plants  minute.  Leaves  minutely  serrulate 
above.  Capsule  thin,  constricted  under  the 
orifice.  Teeth  of  the  simple  peristome  very 
irregular. 


114.  Fabronia. 


115. 


IIG. 


Anacamptodon. 
Habrodon. 


117.  Clasmatodon. 


Tribe  XXL  LESKEACEiE.  Primary  stems  creeping.  Leaves  soft, 
areolation  minute,  hexagonal,  papillose  and  chlorophyllose  above, 
hexagonal-rectangular  below.  Capsule  symmetrical,  erect  or  ciu'vcd. 
Peristome  double;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  subulate;  segments 
shorter  than  the  teeth;  cilia  none  or  rudimentary,  rarely  perfect. 

Plants  glaucous  yellow.  Leaves  pellucid; 
cells  conspicuously  papillose.  Capsule  cy- 
lindrical, erect;  membrane  broad,  cariuate, 
without  segments. 


Branches  julaceous.  Leaves  glaucous  green, 
closely  iu'bricate.  Capsule  suberect,  long- 
pedicellate,  inflated  at  the  collum.  Peri- 
stome doul))e,  perfect. 

Plants  small.  Leaves  soft,  costate,  papillose 
on  both  faces  (except  in  one  species).  Cap- 
sule oblong,  erect  or  subarcuate,  thin.  Seg- 
ments of  the  peristome  narrow,  linear;  cilia 
none. 

Leaves  with  a  minute  chlorophyllose  pimcti- 
form  obscure  areolation,  papillose  on  both 
faces.  Capsule  erect,  cylindrical-oblong, 
regular.  Teeth  pale;  segments  short,  nar- 
rowly linear. 


118.  Thelia. 


119.  Myurella. 


120.  Tjeskea. 


121.  Anomodon. 


Tkibe  XXIL  ORTHOTHECIE^.  Plants  in  wide  yellow  mats.  Leaves 
smooth;  areolation  narrowly  rhomboidal  or  linear,  quadrate  at  the 
basal  angles.    Capsule  erect,  symmetrical.    Peristome  double. 


86 


BRYACEuE. 


'!:' 


Leaves  densely  crowded,  glossy,  not  costate. 
Calyptra  dimidiate,  long,  twisted.  Seg- 
ments of  the  peristome  narrowly  linear,  as 
long  as  the  teeth ;  cilia  none. 

Leaves  spreading  or  subsecund,  not  costate, 
glossy.  Teeth  of  the  iieristoine  hyaline- 
bordered;  segnjenls  linear-subulate,  longer 
than  the  teetli;  cilia  rudimentary. 

Leaves  long,  thinly  costate.  Calyptra  hairy. 
Capsule  soft,  regular.  Membrane  narrow; 
segments  shorter  than  the  teeth,  with  or 
without  cilia. 

Plants  large,  more  or  less  compressed.  Leaves 
costate,  entire.  Cupsule  cylindrical,  long- 
pedicellate.  Teeth  distantly  articulate ;  seg- 
ments very  narrowly  linear;  cilia  none. 

Plants  large,  dendroid.  Leaves  in  two  forms, 
S(iuamiform  on  the  stems.  Calyptra  long, 
dimidiate,  clasping  the  top  of  the  pedicel. 
Capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  long  and  long- 
pedicellate.  Segments  as  long  as  the  teeth, 
cleft  to  the  base;  cilia  none. 

Plants  yellow.  Leaves  sulcate,  not  costate. 
Capsule  erect  or  slightly  incurved.  Teeth 
of  the  peristome  hyaline-bordered ;  segments 
as  long,  linear;  cilia  short  or  none. 


122.  FlatyerTrinm. 


123.  Pylaisia. 


124.  Homalothecium. 


125.  Cylixidrothecium. 


126.  Glimacium. 


127.  Orthothecium. 


Tribe  XXIIL  HYPNEtE.  Plants  of  very  variable  habit.  Leaves  of 
diverse  forms,  spreading  or  squarrose,  rarely  erect,  often  secund  or 
falcate,  with  or  without  costa  or  bicostateat  base,  generally  scarious, 
smooth  and  glossy ;  areolation  parenchymatous,  more  or  less  nar- 
rowed, sometimes  very  narrow  and  vermicular,  quadrate  and  en- 
larged at  the  basal  angles.  Vaginule  attached  to  a  perichsetial 
generally  rooting  branchlet.  Calyptra  cucullate.  Capsule  long- 
pedicellate,  cernuous  or  horizontal,  more  or  less  Incurved.  Peri- 
stome double,  generally  perfect,  with  2  or  3  cilia  appendiculate  or 
articulate.  —  A  single  genus,  represented  in  this  work  by  nearly  2(X) 
species,  divided  into  28  subgenera,  which  are  considered  as  genera 
by  most  recent  bryologists.  128.  Hypnum. 


'M 


Series  I.  ACROCARPI. 

Fruit  terminal,  becoming  lateral  only  when  thrown  aside  by 
innovations  from  under  the  flowers. 

A.  CLEISTOCARPI.  —  Capsule  falling  off  with  the  pedicel 
or  from  it  at  maturity,  dehiscing  irregularly  transversely  in  the 
middle  for  the  emission  of  the  spores. 

Tribe  I.  PHASCE^. 

Plants  very  small,  soft.  Leaves  loosely  areolate.  Capsule 
globular,  immersed,  subsessile  or  short-pedicellate. 


Ephemerum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


87 


1.  Plants  stemless^from  a  more  or  leas  persistent prothallium. 

1.  MIOROMITRIUM,  Aust. 

Plants  scarcely  visible  without  the  glass.  Leaves  ecostate. 
Inflorescence  syncecious.  Capsule  globose,  apieulate  or  )>oint- 
less.     Calyptra  very  small,  closely  adherent.     Spores  few,  large. 

Scarcely  distinct  from  Ephemerum. 

1.  M.  megalosporum,  Aust.  Leaves  broadly  ovate 
lanceolate,  obtusely  serrate :  capsule  pale,  globose,  apiculate  \ 
vaginule  large,  ovate,  truncate ;  calyptra  concentric :  spores 
nearly  smooth.  —  Muse.  Appal,  n.  47  ;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Supr/i. 
20, 1. 11.  Ephemerum  tenerum^  Bruch  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  1. 1.  Nano- 
mitrium  tenenim^  Lindb.  Manip.  Muse.  ii.  409. 

Had.    On  broken  clayey  ground,  with  the  following;  very  rare  {Austin). 

2.  M.  Austini,  Aust.  Leaves  open,  recurved,  lingulate- 
lanceolate,  remotely  serrate  in  the  upper  part :  capsule  apicu- 
late; calyptra  concentric:  spores  slightly  papillose,  of  J  the 
diameter  of  the  preceding.  —  Muse.  Appal,  n.  45;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Suppl.  21,  t.  12.     Ejyhemeriim  Austini,  Sulliv.  Ms. 

Had.    Wet  ground  in  woods;  Closter,  New  Jersey  (Austin). 

3.  M.  synoicum,  Aust.  Much  like  the  last :  leaves  longer, 
more  distant,  erect,  obscurely  serrulate:  capsule  pointless, 
sometimes  in  pairs  in  the  same  perickaetium ;  calyi)tra  gen- 
erally excentric  or  on  one  side  of  the  caj)sule :  spores  a  little 
smaller  and  papillose.  —  Muse.  Appal,  n.  46;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Suppl.  22,  t.  13.  Ei)hemeriim  synoicum^  James,  Trans.. 
Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (1865),  106 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am. 
(2  ed.),  n.  27. 

Had.  Sides  of  ditches  in  clayey  ground  near  Camden,  New  Jersey,, 
and  around  Philadelphia  (James). 

2.  EPHEMERUM,  Hampe. 
Pseudo-dicecious.      Flowers  gemmiform ;   female  buds  gre- 
garious upon  the  same   prothallium.     Calyptra  campanulate. 
Capsule  globose-ovate,  apiculate.    Leaves  nerved,  except  in  the 
first  species.    Plants  slightly  stouter. 

*  Leaves  not  costate. 
1-  E.  Serratum,  Hampe.    Prothallium  dark  green  :  leaves 
oblong  or  lanceolate-acuminate,  coarsely  and  irregularly  serrate 


88 


BRYACEiE. 


[Ephemerum. 


or  Hubciliatc:  capsule  dark  purple,  shlninj^.  —  Linnroa,  xii.  552; 
IMucll.  Syn.  i.  31  ;  Hryol.  Eur.  1. 1.  Phasciun  serratum,  Schreb. 
Phase.  1>,  t.  2;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  14. 

Var.  angUStifolium,  Sehimp.  Leaves  narrower,  linear- 
lanceolate,  obtusely  and  distantly  serrate:  ca[>sule  smaller, 
lonjjjer  pedicellate,  jjjlobose-ovate  to  conical,  more  distinctly 
apiculate  :  spores  smaller.  —  ^jj/iemerum  miniUisaimiim^  Lindb. 
Manip.  Muse.  ii.  411. 

IIah.  Broken  fields,  on  the  ground,  in  winter  or  early  spring. 
Closter,  New  Jersey  (Aii»tin)\  California  (liolander).  The  variety  at 
Camhridge,  Massachusetts  (James),  and  at  the  Carlton  House,  Saskatch- 
ewan {Dnwimond). 

*  *  Leaves  coatate. 

2.  E.  crassinervium,  Ilampe.  Leaves  long,  lanceolate, 
subulate,  flexuous,  erect,  more  or  less  coarsely  and  irregularly 
serrate  on  the  borders  toward  the  apex  and  on  the  back  of  the 
costa,  which  is  flatter  and  often  disappears  at  the  base,  but  is 
continuous  to  the  apex  :  ca])8ule  short-pedicellate :  spores  large, 
j)apillose.  —  Muell.  Syn.  i.  33 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  17,  t.  8. 
Phuscum  crassinervinm^  Schwaeg.  Suppl.  i.  4,  t.  2;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  14. 

Had.    Moist  clay  ground  and  open  fields;  common  and  very  variable. 

3.  E.  spiliulosum,  Bruch  &  Sehimp.  Differs  from  the 
last  in  the  narrow  very  soft  leaves  having  the  costa  (loosely 
areolate  and  effaced  near  the  base)  excurrent  into  a  long  soft 
hyaline  spinulose  arista,  and  in  the  loosely  areolate  membrane 
of  the  capsule.  —  Sehimp.  Syn.  6,  and  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv. 
139.     Phascum  crassinervium^  var.  (?),  Sulliv.  1.  c,  14. 

Had.    Same  as  the  preceding. 

4.  E.  papillosum,  Aust.  Closely  allied  to  E.  crassiner- 
vium^ differing  in  the  narrower  leaves,  with  equally  distant 
serratures  and  papillose  on  both  sides,  and  in  the  mitriform 
calyptra,  distinctly  papillose.  —  Muse.  Appal,  n.  50  ;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  19,  t.  10. 

Had.    On  tliin  soil,  upon  rocks;  Palisades,  New  Jersey  {Austin). 

5.  E.  hystrix,  Lindb.  Plants  larger :  leaves  slightly  ex- 
ceeding the  capsule,  open-erect  or  subsecnnd,  rigid,  canaliculate- 
carinate,  narrowly  lanceolate-subulate,  very  acute,  long-spinu- 
lose  upon  both  sides  and  on  the  margins ;  costa  thick,  not  dis- 
tinctly defined,  continuous,  nearly  filling  the  subulate  point: 


rhyftcomltrella.] 


BRYACE.E. 


39 


cajisuU'   scssilo,  larj^o,  jjloboso,   very   shortly   conic-rostollate ; 

calvptra  minutely  papillose:  Hpores  very  lar<;e,  minutely  tuher- 

culate.  —  Manip.  Muse.  ii.  411.     Phdsaim  sernttinn,  var.  att- 

(jttstlfoliiini^  Drumm.  Muse.  Hor.-Am.  (Coll.  II.)  n.  2,  in  part. 

IIah.     Louisiana,  with  E.  sinnnlnnum  {Drunnnond}. 
Tills  species,  like  the  two  preeediiiji,    is  apparently  only  a  marked 
variety  of  the  polynioq)hous  and  connnon  K.  croHHinercittm. 

0.  E.  COhSSrenS,  Muell.  Prothallium  thin,  yellowish 
green  :  leaves  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  denticulate  above ; 
costa  effaced  at  base,  continuous  upward  to  the  apex  :  capstilo 
subglobose  with  a  short  obtuse  |>oint,  purplish  brown.  —  !Syn. 
i.  'S'2 ;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  1.  Phascum  cohwrens,,  Iledw.  Sp.  Muse. 
25,  t.  1,  tigs.  1-G ;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  15. 

IIah.     Clay  banks  along  streams,  common  and  variable. 

7.  E.  Stenophyllum,  Schimp.  Leaves  erect,  narrowly 
lanceolate-subulate,  serrate  or  nearly  entire  at  the  apex ;  costa 
loosely  areolate,  scarcely  distinct  except  toward  the  apex  where 
it  passes  into  a  short  entire  jwint ;  cells  chlorophyllose.  — 
Syn.  (1  ed.),  5.  Phascum  stenojjhi/llum^  Voit.  Ji\  sessile^ 
Muell.;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  2;  Sulliv.,  1.  c,  14.  £J.  jKillidum^ 
Schimp.  Syn.  (2  ed.),  5 ;  recorded  as  sent  by  Sullivant  in  1842. 

Had.    On  clay  soil,  Ohio;  Closter,  New  Jersey  (Austin). 

2.  Plants  with  short  stems :  prothallium  none, 

3.  PHYSOOMITRELLA,  Schimp. 
Stems  radiculose  at  base.    Leaves  spreading  or  reflexed,  nar- 
rowly costate,  dentate.     Capsule  thin,  soft,  globose.     Calyptra 
campanulate,  fugacious,  vesicular  when  young. 

1.  P.  patens,  Schimp.*  Plants  subcespitose,  pale  green: 
stem  very  short :   leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  obovate- 


•  Apuaxokeoma  SEunATUM,  Sulliv.,  differs  from  this  species  only  in 
the  regular  dehiscence  of  the  capsule,  which  di  'ides  in  the  middle  and  is 
therefore  considered  as  operculate  or  stegocarpous,  though  no  decoloration 
nor  any  kind  of  modification  of  texture  is  observable  on  the  line  of  dis- 
ruption. But  for  this  regular  dehiscence  Aphanoregma  should  be  de- 
scribed here  merely  as  a  variety  of  Physconiitrella  patens.  It  Is  there- 
fore a  remarkable  connecting  link  between  the  EphemereiB  and  the 
Physcomitriece,  which  resemble  each  other  also  in  the  areolation  of  the 
leaves.    It  is  from  these  considerations  that  Lindberg  and  some  other 


p 


wm 


40 


BUYACEiE. 


[Sphccrnnylum. 


acuminate,  rosuliito,  serrate  above,  coHtate  to  near  the  apex : 
antheri<lia  HeHHile  in  the  axil  uf  a  leaf,  or  in  young  |)lant8  termi- 
nal in  the  hxuU  and  becoming  lateral  by  the  growth  of  the 
female  flower:  capHule  immersed,  or  )>e«licellate  and  exserted. — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  8.  J^/iaacum  j^atens^  lledw.  Stir]>.  Crypt,  i.  28, 
t.  10;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  IT.  States,  15. 

IIah.    Wet  clayey  or  sandy  ground  in  bottoms,  on  the  banks  of  rivers, 
etc. ;  uot  rare  in  Ohio. 


4.  SPH^RANGIUM,  Schimp. 

Plants  gemraiforra,  very  small,  gregtirious  or  irregularly 
loosely  cespitose.  Lower  leaves  very  small,  the  upper  very 
large,  subconvolutc-imbricated  or  clustered  in  a  small  bulb- 
like head,  concave  or  carinate,  costate,  minutely  papillose  on 
the  back  or  on  both  sides.  Male  and  female  flowers  cohering, 
or  rooting  as  distinct  plants.  Capsule  either  short-pedicellato 
and  erect  or  on  a  longer  slender  curved  pedicel,  sj>herical, 
enclosed  in  the  perichajtium.  Calyptra  erect,  very  small, 
mitriforra.  Spores  small,  subglobose,  minutely  granulose, 
brown. 

1.  S.  muticum,  Schimp.  Plant  yellowish  brown :  lower 
and  middle  leaves  ovate-acuminate,  move  or  less  recurved  at  the 
apex  and  mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa ;  upper  leaves  two, 
rarely  three,  twice  as  large  as  the  lower,  mucronate  by  the 
excurrent  recurved  costa  or  irregularly  erose  at  the  apex :  cap- 
sule short-pedicellate,  erect,  slightly  mamillate  at  top,  orange. 
—  Syn.  Muse.  13.  Phaaciim  muticum^  Schreb.  Phase,  t.  1, 
fig.  11, 12 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  IT.  States,  15.  Acaulon  mtiticum^ 
Muell.  Syn. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  4. 

Hab.    California  (Bolander). 

2.  S.  mfescens.  Plants  greenish  yellow:  lower  leaves 
very  small,  ecostate,  the   upper  very  large,  convolute  in  an 

autliors  Include  the  genus  Ephemerum  as  the  lowest  member  of  the  Phy%- 
comitriece.  We  have  here  retained  the  classification  followed  by  the 
recent  authors  whose  works  are  more  generally  known  and  more  acces- 
sible to  students,  —  Schimper,  Wilson,  Sullivant,  etc.,  —  not  merely  be- 
cause it  has  been  adopted  by  all  American  bryologists,  but  because  it  is  by 
far  the  simplest,  and  the  most  serviceable  in  the  study  of  mosses. 


Phaacum.] 


BUYACEvB. 


41 


obtusi'ly  tctrnj^onnl  liead,  <lee|»Iy  concftvc,  ciispiilato  by  tliu 
thick  t'XcuiTcnt  roHta,  denticulate  or  croso  at  the  apex :  male 
buds  sessile  at  tlie  base  of  the  fertile  ones  :  ca])sule  on  an  erect 
tlcxuous  or  arcuate  pedicel.  —  Acaulon  rtf/escefi8y  A.  Jaeger, 
Muse.  Cleist.  11).  Acaulon  triqnetnuti^  var.,  Sulliv.  &  Lesij. 
Muse.  Hor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (2  ed.),  n.  31. 

IlAii.    Very  coininon  In  the  Eastern  and  Central  States. 

Tills  species  is  liitennediatc  between  the  last  and  the  next  following, 
an<'  HO  near  to  both  that  it  is  dilHcult  to  indicate  a  constant  spccllic 
cliaracter.  Tlie  color  of  the  more  distinctly  triangular  pcrichiotium,  as  well 
as  tlie  occasionally  longer  and  curved  pedicel,  ref<!rs  it  to  8.  trUiuvtrnm  ; 
but  in  the  generally  short  and  straight  pedicel,  tlie  leaves  not  at  all  or 
scarcely  revolute  on  the  margin  and  more  distinctly  erose-tlenticulate  at 
tlie  apex,  and  tha  bulb-like  heads  indistinctly  tri(iuctrous,  it  approaches 
S.  muticuiii. 

8.  S.  triquetrum,  Schimp.  Plants  j)ale  green  or  yelUnvish, 
distinctly  tri(|uetrous :  lower  leaves  small,  somewhat  nerveless, 
the  middle  broadly  ovate  and  costatc,  an<l  the  terminal  deeply 
cirinate,  reflexed  on  the  margins,  minutely  erose  at  the  apex, 
mucronate  by  the  excurrent  recurved  point  of  the  costa :  cap- 
sule ]i)endent  from  a  longer  arcuate  jiedicel.  —  Syn.  INIusc.  14. 
J^huscum  triquetrum^  Spruce,  Engl.  Bot.  Suppl.  t.  21)01 ;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  15.     Acaulon  tri<2uetnim^  Muell.  Syn.; 

Bryol.  Eur.,  t.  4. 

Hah.  Open  soil;  New  England  {Inr/rnhnm,  James)]  New  Jersey 
{Austin)',  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  (liavenel);  Saskatchewan 
{Drummond). 

4.  S.  Schimperianum.  Plants  sparsely  gregarious,  ovoid- 
bulbiform :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  the  lower  small,  ocostate, 
the  upper  much  larger,  deeply  concave,  recurved  at  the  apex, 
papillose  on  both  faces,  recurved  on  the  margin,  erose-dentate 
in  the  upper  part,  the  costa  appearing  below  the  apex  and  ex- 
current  into  a  long  point :  capsule  globose,  scarcely  mamillate, 
orange-colored,  horizontally  inclined  by  a  curve  of  the  some- 
what long  pedicel. — Phaacum  Schimperianum^  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  15.  Acaulon  Schimjyerianum,  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse. 
18,  t.  9. 

IlAB.    San  Marcos,  Texas  {Wright);  Athens,  Illinois  {E.  Hall). 

6.  PHASOUM,  Linn.,  in  part.     (PI.  1.) 
Plants  more  robust,  distinctly  caulescent.    Leaves  costate ; 
cells  of  the  areolatiou  loose,  hexagonal-rectangular  and  hyaline 


r 


42 


BRYACE.E. 


[Phancum. 


on  tlic  lower  |>nrt,  more  denso,  (pKidrntc  or  rournl-licxni^oiml  in 
tliu  upper.  FlowerH  monceeiouH ;  the  male  {^einninoeouH  (in 
American  KpecieH),  upon  the  Mtem  at  the  base  of  the  hranche!* 
or  naked  in  the  axil  of  n  periehwtial  leaf.  CapHule  ])edioellate, 
8Ml)-<jflol)()se  or  ovate-ohlonij,  apieulate  or  obtusely  rostellute. 
Calyptra  eueullate.     Columella  persistent. 

1.  P.  Oarniolicum,  Web.  &  Mohr.     Plants  minute,  ces- 

j)itulose :    stems  short,   simple  or   bifid :    lower   leaves   small, 

lanceolate,  the  upper  and  comal  loni^-lanceolate,  spreadin<;  or 

erect,  incurved,  complicate  when  dry  ;  costa  stronj^,  percurrent 

or  exeurrent  into  a  short  point ;  areolation  chlorophyllose  in  the 

npi»er  jiart:    male  flowers  at  the  base  of  the  stems:   capsule 

short-pedicellate,  subirlobose,  obtusely  pointed,  shinini^,  reddish 

brown.  —  liot.  Taschenb.  09  and  450  ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  5.     Acaur 

Ion  Carniolicum^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  28. 

IIau.  iSillcluus  soil  and  stones  on  the  plains  of  Western  Kansas  {E. 
Jlall). 

2.  P.  CUSpidatum,  Schreb.  Plants  subcespitoso :  stems 
short  and  simple,  or  divided  by  basilar  innovations  or  flagelliform 
branches:  leaves  close,  shutting  up  in  the  gejnmules  on  the 
short  stems  or  eroct-spreading,  more  or  less  distant,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  the  terminal  carinate-concave,  long-acuminate,  cuspi- 
date by  the  more  or  less  exeurrent  round  costa,  very  entire, 
somewhat  rcvolute  in  the  lower  part ;  areolation  minutely 
papillose :  capsule  on  a  short  straight  or  slightly  curved  pedicel, 
immersed,  globose  or  rarely  ovate,  obtusely  acuminate,  reddish 
brown.  —  Phase.  8,  t.  1 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  5. 

Var.  piliferum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     Costa  prolonged  into  a 

long  filiform  point :  capsule  larger ;  pedicel  generally  curved.  — 

P.  piliferuniy  Schreb.,  1.  c,  t.  1,  fig.  7. 

Hab.  Dry  soil  in  old  fields,  on  the  borders  of  meadows,  along  fences, 
etc.  Both  the  normal  form  and  the  variety  are  very  common.  Other 
varieties  are  enumerated  by  European  authors,  but  are  easily  referred  to 
the  type. 

3.  P.  bryoides,  Dicks.  Loosely  cespitose  or  occasionally 
densely  tufted,  the  plants  short,  prostrate  when  old  ;  innova- 
tions basilar :  leaves  small,  distant,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper 
oblong-lanceolate,  cuspidate  by  the  exeurrent  costa,  concave, 
entire  and  margins  recurved :  calyptra  large,  yellowish,  reach- 
ing the  middle  of  the  capsule :  capsule  emerging  on  a  long  thick 


Pleiirldinm,] 


HUVACK.E. 


48 


pedicel,  oval  or  oMon*;,  slightly  Iimmii'vimI,  j;ni<lu!illy  nnrrowe*! 
into  III!  ohtiise  heak,  l>ro\vn.  —  Crypt,  fane.  4,  t.  I(),  tiix.  3; 
Hryol.  Kiir.  t.  <).  7^  f/j/tnnoM(o/not(/t's,  Biid.  Uryol.  I'liiv.  i.  4H. 
J'ottid  /trj/oi't/tn,  liiiKJb.  Tricliost.  10. 

II Ail.  Oil  the  south  Hiilt>  of  11  hill  lu'ur  Oukluiul,  Ciillforiiia  (liul(indvr)\ 
very  rare  Ui  the  Unlt»'il  {Stutos. 

6.  PLEURIDIUM.  Hrid. 
Plants  annual,  or  persistinuj  by  innovations  from  the  apex 
after  the  inatiirin,:;  of  the  frnit.  Li'aves  ol)Ion<;  at  hase,  laneeo- 
late-snhulate,  obtusely  serrate  at  the  apex,  eostate,  the  upper 
tufted.  Calyptra  cueidlate.  Caps»de  ovate-j^lohose  or  ovatc- 
npieidate,  smooth,  shining,  short-pedieellate.  —  Pluiaciuiiy  Linn, 
and  authors,  in  part. 

*  Fhnrers  biaeyunl. 

1.  P.  SUbulatum,  Hruoh  «fe  Sehimp.  Plants  cespitose, 
yellowish  green:  lower  leaves  ovate-laneeolate,  erect,  the  upper 
lanceolate-subulate,  erect-spreading  or  subsectin<l,  much  exceed- 
ing the  top  of  the  capsule ;  costa  broad,  reaching  to  the  ol)scurely 
serrate  apex  :  antheridia  naked  in  the  axils  of  pericluetial  leaves: 
capside  globose-ovate,  apictilate.  —  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  9.  Phaacum 
8Hfndatuhi,  Schreb.;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  Su.ites,  10. 

Var.  Stramineum,  Lesq.  Plants  i)ale  yellow  ;  stems  with 
long  slender  tiagelliform  innovations  and  short  distant  leaves ; 
comal  leaves  more  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  apex.  —  Pleuridiinn 
stnmiuienw^  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. ;  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  142. 
P.  euhulatmny  Lesq.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  2.  P.  subu- 
latum,  var.,  Watson,  Dot.  Calif,  ii.  359. 

IIab.  Dry  hills  and  old  fields;  rare.  Pennsylvania  (James);  Cali- 
fornia (Bolander). 

Tiie  variety  was  at  first  admitted  as  a  species  and  figured  for  a  plate  of 
Sullivant's  Icones.  It  is  intermediate  between  the  typical  form  and  the 
following. 

2.  P.  Ravenelii,  Aust.     Differs  from  the  last  in  its  shorter 

stems,  the  comal  leaves  broader,  lanceolate  or  ovate-oblong  in 

the  lower  part,  carinate,  the  costa  excnrrent  into  a  more  or  less 

elongated  smooth  awl-shaped  point,  the  capsule  a  little  larger 

and  broadly  apiculate.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  142. 

Had.  Light  sandy  soil.  South  Carolina  (Havenel)',  New  Jersey  and 
New  England  (AuatUif  Bennett,  Jeaup). 


^Pi 


44 


DHYACE.f:. 


I  PlrurliUnm. 


•  •  /^lowers  tnonti'cious  ;  vmic  jtfantH  f/iintni/orm^  ttwiliuri/. 

3.  P.  altemifolium,  Hriil.,  in  |»irt.  I'lniitH  <>(>H|)it()Hi>,  iit 
fipHt  Hiinplu  uikI  croct,  after  u  year  luroiiiiii^  pnmtratt'  an<l 
Itraiichin^  in  lon^  tlaj^fHiform  iiinovatioiiH :  coiiial  IravoH 
enlar;;c'(l  at  Hiu  ovatu  ItaHO,  abruptly  narrowiMl  into  a  Nli'iidcr 
awl-Hliapi't;  Nliglitly  Hcrrulatc  point,  Hllo<l  hy  tlio  Htout  cx- 
currt'nt  i'OHta :  capHuIo  ovatt*  or  Mubgloliosi',  ol)li(|ucly  apiculatu : 
calyptra  Mplit  to  near  the  ncMiminatu  apt'X.  —  lJry«)I.  Kur.  t.  10. 
Phaacnm  alternifoliuiny  Sulliv.  Mohhoh  of  U.  Stati's,  IT). 

Var.  Lancastriense,  Sulliv.  &  Li'8(i.  LcavcK  lonjjfcr ; 
areolatioii  nioro  donsc  :  capHuIu  rnoro  ubtUHe  :  spores  larger.  — 
Muse.  IJor.-Am.  KxHiec.  (cd.  I),  ii.  30. 

Var.  robustum,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  PlantH  twice  as  lonp;  as  in 
tho  common  fonn:  comal  leaves  shorter:  spores  larj^e.  —  Same, 
n.  81.     ArchiiUnni  Lescurii^  Aust.  Bull.  Ton*.  Club,  vi.  144. 

II An.    Open  fields,  on  sandy  and  clayey  ground;  vety  conunon. 

Tho  first  variety  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  wllii  llrnchla  SuUlvuntH  ;  the  last 
on  the  Raccoon  Mountnins,  Alabama,  in  lunnid  depressions  on  sandstone 
rocks,  with  llnwhla  SuUlvantU^  var.  nturlrana  {Lcaiinereux), 

4.  P.  Sullivantii,  Aust.  Plants  gregarioijs :  stems  ri«j;icl, 
julaccous ;  innovations  filifor  \early  as  long  as  tho  stems : 
leaves  closely  imbricate  ai.  ,«pprcRaecl,  the  lower  ovate- 
mucronate,  denticulate,  the  upper  enlarged,  longer  j)ointed, 
obscurely  serrate  ;  perichtetial  leaves  much  longer,  oblong-ovate, 
abruptly  cuspidate,  erose-serrate  above  ;  costa  thick,  percurrent 
or  excurrent :  capsule  large,  round-ovate,  short-pedicellate,  ol> 
tusely  mamillatc  ;  calyptra  large,  campanulate,  obtusely  acumin- 
ate.—  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  142.  Phascnm  nervosum),  Drumm. 
Coll.  n.  6;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  IT.  States,  16.  Pleuridium  ner- 
vosum^ Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  19,  t.  10. 

Had.  Pennsylvania  (I)rummond)\  South  Carolina,  on  light  sandy  soil 
(Ravend).  Phaacum  nervosum,  Hook.,  a  species  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  is  evidently  different. 

5.  P.  Bolanderi,  Muell.  Leaves  long-lanceolate  and  subu- 
late, minutely  denticulate  from  the  middle  upward,  with  a  pale 
excurrent  costa :  capsule  ovate,  obliquely  apiculate,  short- 
pedicellate  ;  calyptra  dimidiate,  often  split,  blackened  at  the 
apex.  —  Jaeger,  Muse.  Cleist.  32.  ^ 

Has.    Near  San  Francisco,  California  (Bolander). 

Distinguished  from  other  species  of  the  genus  by  the  leaves  obscurely 
serrulate  from  the  middle  upward,  by  the  pale  costa,  the  short-pedicellate 
capsule,  and  the  top  of  the  calyptra  appearing  as  if  burned. 


liritehin.] 


UllYACE  E. 


45 


7.  MIOROBRTUM,  Schimp. 

Plants  very  Bmull,  grt'j^arious  or  Hultri-Hpitoso,  gi'imiiiforfn, 

Liavi'H  inoro  closi'Iy  aroolatc,  stroii^^Iy  costati',  iitiiiuti'ly  papil- 

loci*  on  tliu  hack.     FIowi'I'm  niontpcioiiH :  anth(<ri<lia  very  nniall 

in  the  axils  of  thu  coma!  loavcn.     Capsule  ovate,  ohtiiHcly  a]iie- 

ulatf,  erect    upon  ii  short  pedicel.     C'alyptra  reachini^  to  the 

nii<Mle  of  the  capsule,  plurilohate,  H]>lit  on  one  side. 

1.  M.  FlGerkeanum,  Schimp.  Leavesopen,  erect,  slightly 
curved  hack  at  the  top ;  the  lower  small,  ovati'-apiculate,  cos- 
tate  to  the  middle,  more  densely  areolate ;  the  upper  hroadly 
ovate,  nuu  ronatc  hy  the  stiff  hrown  sharp  point  of  the  excurrent 
costa ;  cells  of  thu  ureolation  at  hase  loose  and  hyaline,  in  tho 
upper  part  small,  yellowish-chlorophyllose.  —  Syn.  Muse.  11. 
J'/iascum  Flo;rkcanmn^  Web.  &  Mohr  ;  Schwaej^r.  Suppl.  i.  3, 

t.  y.     Acaulon  Fla'rkeanutu^  Muell. ;  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  3. 

II All.    Very  rnro;  found  in  lllinuis  by  E.  Hall,  a  few  plants  only, 
ml    (1  with  I'ottia  8ub»easilla. 


8.  BRUOHIA,  Scliwaogr.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  greijarious,  short,  simple  or  sparin<j;ly  dichotomous. 
Stem-leaves  sm:dl,  distant,  the  upper  ami  comal  crowded,  much 
loiiijer,  all  costato  to  the  apex  ;  basilar  areolation  hexagonal- 
rectangular,  narrower  upward.  Capsule  with  a  long  solid 
colluni  (without  collum  in  J).  jxduatrU)^  oval,  rostellate,  emerg- 
ing on  a  more  or  less  elongated  pedicel.  Calyptra  thin,  lobato 
or  lacerate  at  base,  mitriform. 

1.  B.  palustris,  Muell.  Ilypogynous:  plants  cespitose : 
lower  leaves  distant,  ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly  costate ;  the 
u]>per  and  comal  much  longer,  abruptly  narrowly  subulate  from 
a  lanceolate  base ;  costa  stout,  excurrent  into  a  long  semi- 
cylindrical  awn:  anthcridia  naked  in  the  axils  of  pericha}tial 
leaves :  capsule  rather  large,  ovate-acuminate,  ])ale  yellow.  — 
Syn.  i.  19.  Pleuridium  palustre^  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  10.  Phascnm 
pfdtfstre,  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  16.  Sporledera  pcdustris^ 
Schimp. 

IIau.  Sandy  soil;  rare.  Louisiana  (Drummond)\  Burlington,  New 
Jersey  {James). 


46 


BRYACE^. 


[Bruchia. 


i 
,     "4 

1       i 

It  It 


I 

I 


2.  B.  flexuosa,  Muell.  Stems  comparatively  long,  curved 
downward  at  base :  stem-leaves  distant,  very  small,  narrowly 
lanceolate-subulate,  obscurely  serrate  at  the  apex :  ilowers 
monoecious  or  para'cious  ;  antheridia  in  the  axils  of  comal  leaves 
or  in  separate  buds.  —  Bot.  Zeit.  v.  99.  Phascum  Jlexuosiim, 
Schwaegr.  8uppl.  ii.  1,  t.  101. 

Var.  microcarpa,  Wils.  Very  slender :  leaves  very  nar- 
rowly subulate,  the  entire  margin  obscurely  serrulate :  capsule 
narrow,  longer  apiculate,  long-pedicellate. —  B.  microcarpa^ 
Wils. ;  Drunim.  Muse.  Ainer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  14.  iSjwrkdera 
8eti/oHa,  Jaeger,  JMusc.  Cleist.  35. 

Hah.     Clayey  ground  in  fields,  mixed  with  the  following. 

3.  B.  Sullivantii,  Aust.  Similar  to  the  last,  differing 
merely  in  the  short  stems  and  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate  leaves, 
the  upper  somewhat  longer  and  elongated  lanceolate-subulate, 
subpapillose,  the  areol.ation  more  compact  and  texture  more 
solid.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  143.  Ii.  Jiexuosa,  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  22  (excl.  descr.),  t.  13. 

Var.  nigricans.  Leaves  shorter:  capsule  with  a  shorter 
collum :  8j)ores  larger.  —  B.  flexiiosa,  var.  nigricans.,  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  17  ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc. 
n.  33.     H.  nigricans.,  Austin,  1.  c. 

Had.  With  the  preceding;  the  variety  on  borders  of  depressions  filled 
with  water  and  Co)^ervce  at  the  top  of  the  Raccoon  Mountains,  Alabama 
(Lesquereux). 

The  variety  is  evidently  due  to  immersion,  as  higher  upon  the  dry  sand 
of  the  borders  of  the  depressions  the  moss  gradually  assumes  its  normal 
form. 

4.  B.  Bolanderi,  Lesq.  Monoecious,  densely  gregarious  or 
subcespitose,  pale  green :  stem-leaves  distant,  lanceolate,  the 
comal  erect-spreading,  short-subulate  from  the  lanceolate  slightly 
enlarged  base ;  costa  broad,  flat,  vanishing  below  the  obtusely 
serrulate  apex ;  pericha^tial  leaves  tubulose,  narrowly  lanceolate 
from  the  middle :  male  flowers  in  separate  buds  upon  the 
primary  prostrate  stems  :  capsule  erect  or  slightly  oblique,  long- 
necked,  upon  a  long  flexuous  thick  pedicel ;  calyptra  short, 
split  to  the  middle  on  one  side.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  5 ; 
Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  23,  t.  14.  ^ 

Had.    Westfall's  Meadow,  near  Bigtree  Grove,  Mariposa  County,  Cali- 
fornia, at  8,000  feet  altitude  (liolander). 
The  species  is  allied  to  the  European  B.  Vogesiaca,  Schwaegr.,  differing 


Brudiia.] 


BRYACE^. 


47 


especially  In  the  shorter  leaves,  the  perlchoetial  longer  and  more  or  loss 
tubulose,  in  the  short  beak  and  cullum  of  thu  capsule,  the  thick  pedicel, 
etc. 

5.  B.  Beyrichiana,  Muoll.  Stems  short,  simple :  leaves 
curved  when  dry,  open-erect  when  moist,  those  of  the  stem  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  the  comal  gradually  long-subulate  from  the 
enlarged  base,  obscurely  serrulate  at  the  apex  :  flowers  pane- 
cious :  cai)sule  solid,  oblong,  vnth  a  short  indistinct  collum, 
subinnnersed,  its  top  not  suri)asbing  the  leaves ;  pedicel  short, 
flexuous ;  calyptra  large,  broadly  '"ciniate,  covering  the  capsule 
to  its  base.  —  liot.  Zeit.  v.  99;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suj^'»l.  2;"), 
t.  15,  ])artly  niatle  ui>on  specimens  of  the  next  species.  /Sj)o?'le- 
dera  Beyrichiana^  Ilampe,  Linna3a,  xi.  271).  l*hascuni  liey- 
richianum,  Schwaegr.  Suj)pl.  iv.  t.  801. 

Hau.  First  found  near  Baltimore  by  Beyrich ;  Burlington,  New  Jersey 
(James);  Illinois  (Vasey). 

C.  B.  brevicoUiS,  Lesq.  &  James.  Differing  from  the  lust 
in  the  longer-pedicellate  emergent  broadly  oval  caj)sule,  with  a 
distinct  collum  defluent  into  the  podicel,  in  the  shorter  apiculate 
caly])tra  reaching  to  the  collum,  and  in  the  shorter  leaves, 
broader  at  base,  and  narrowed  into  a  long  entire  awl-shaped 
point  entirely  filled  by  the  enlarged  costa.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad, 
xiv.  135. 

Has.    Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  {Bavenel). 

7.  B.  CUrviseta.  Plants  short :  lower  leaves  small,  lanceo- 
late, the  upper  much  longer,  narrowly  sid)ulate  from  a  short 
broadly  ovate  base,  denticulate  at  and  near  the  apex ;  costa 
stout,  filling  the  awl-shaped  canaliculate  })oint :  flowers  monoe- 
cious :  capsule  emergent,  ovate,  with  a  distinct  collum,  abruptly 
narrowed  or  truncate  upon  a  somewhat  long  pedicel,  which  is 
geniculate  or  abruptly  curved  in  the  middle ;  lid  short,  acumi- 
nate ;  calyj)tra  large,  covering  the  capsule  to  below  the  middle, 
smooth.  —  J5.  Vof/esiaca,  var.  2,  Hook.  &  Wilson,  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  15,  in  part. 

Hab.     Louisiana,  near  New  Orleans  (Drummond). 

Compared  with  B.  brevicollls  it  differs  in  the  leaves  distinctly  denticu- 
late above,  in  the  larger  and  shorter  calyptra,  the  capsule  truncate  at  base, 
and  the  longer  geniculate  pedicel. 

8.  B.  Hallii,  Aust.  Plants  small,  gregarious,  yellowish 
green  :  stem  j^  cent,  long,  slender,  filiform  :  lower  leaves  small, 
closely  ai)pre8sed,  broadly  ovate-acuminate,  the  upper  longer, 


I'll 
Ml 


t  ;M 


li 


f 


rn^ 


48 


BRYACE^. 


[Bntchla, 


H 


i  i 


I 

I 


I'  -, 

J' 


oblong  or  obovate  at  base,  more  gradually  acuminate,  all  very 
entire,  glossy ;  costa  enlarged  ujiward,  somewhat  excurrent : 
capsule  exsertcd,  pyriform-elliptical,  somewhat  long-beaked, 
the  comparatively  long  collum  gradually  narrowed  to  the  long 
straight  ])edicel ;  calyptra  smooth,  mitriform  or  subcucullate, 
lobed,  covering  a  third  of  the  capsule.  —  B  j11.  Torr.  Club,  v.  21. 

Had.    Near  Houston,  Texas  (E.  Hall). 

A  very  fine  and  distinct  species,  recognized  at  once  by  Its  short  appressed 
imbricate  leaves,  and  the  capsule  exserted  on  a  long  straight  pedicel. 

9.  B.  Donnellii,  Aust.  Paroecious,  of  the  size  of  li.  flex- 
uosa :  leaves  more  abruptly  subulate  from  a  nearly  round  base, 
distinctly  papillose :  pedicel  more  strict :  capsule  2-colored, 
with  a  thicker  and  longer  collum :  spores  nearly  twice  as  large. 
—  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  144. 

Had.    Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith). 

This  species  has  a  long  thick  collum  and  large  spores,  as  in  B.  Texana, 
which,  however,  has  much  shorter  smooth  leaves.  It  also  has  the  in- 
florescence and  large  spores  of  B.  Ilallii,  but  the  collum  in  this  last  species 
is  much  shorter  and  the  leaves  are  smooth.  —  (Austin). 

10.  B.  Texana,  Aust.  Compared  with  the  preceding  it 
differs  in  the  shorter  stems ;  the  lower  leaves  narrower,  longer- 
lanceolate-acuminate  and  flexuous,  the  upper  much  longer,  oval 
at  base,  abruptly  narrowed  and  very  narrowly  subulate-canalic, 
ulate  upward,  flexuous  when  dry ;  costa  dilated  upward,  per- 
current ;  areolation  longer  and  narrower  beloAv,  rapidly  passing 
above  to  very  small  minutely  granulose  cells :  capsule  a  little 
shorter,  with  a  more  slender  beak  and  a  thicker  collum  abruptly 
narrowed  to  the  pedicel.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  21. 

Had.    Near  Houston,  Texas  (E.  Hall). 

11.  B.  brevipes,  Ilook.     Resembling  B.fleontosa'm  aspect, 

but  distinguished  by  its  small  size,  the  rigid  leaves  more  enlarged 

at  base,  abruptly  narrowed   into  a  longer  awl-shaped   point 

entirely  filled  by  the  costa,  by  the  shorter  pyriform  immersed 

caj)sule  truncate  at  base  and  sharply  apiculate,  by  the  very  short 

pedicel,  and  larger  spores.  —  Icon.  PI.  t.  231 ;  Hook.  &  Wils., 

Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  15,  in  part;  Sulliv.  Icon. 

Muse.  24,  t.  14. 

Had.  Louisiana  (Drnmmond);  South  Carolina,  on  sandy  ground 
{Savenel);  Petersburg,  Virginia  {James). 

12.  B.  brevifolia,  Sulliv.  Subcespitose,  the  stems  very 
short,  erect,  densely  foliate :  lower  leaves  minute,  ovate-acumi- 


A*'chidium.] 


BRYACE.E. 


49 


iiato,  the  upper  comparatively  short,  scarcely  rcachini^  to  the 
middle  of  the  capside,  large,  ovate  and  clasping  at  hase,  abruptly 
narrowed  into  a  hroad  blunt  point ;  costa  tiat,  broad,  percurrent : 
flowers  monoecious  ;  male  buds  terminal :  capsule  very  large  for 
the  size  of  the  jdant,  obovate-oblong,  truncate  at  base,  abrui>tly 
acuminate ;  jtedicel  very  short ;  calyptni  scarcely  covering  a 
third  of  the  capsule.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  17,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
25,  t.  15.  JJ.  Vogesiaca,  var.  2,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  Drunnu.  Muse. 
Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  15,  m  ])art. 

Hah.  Louisiana  {Driimmond);  sandy  ground  on  the  Santee  Canal, 
Soutli  Carolina  {Iliivenel). 

13.  B.  Ravenelii,  Wils.  Plants  very  small  (the  smallest 
of  the  genus),  closely  gregarious :  leaves  close  together,  the 
lower  minute,  the  middle  linear-lanceolate  and  erect,  the  uj^pcr 
much  longer,  spreading,  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to  a 
denticulate  apex ;  costa  broad,  percurrent ;  flowers  mona'cious : 
caj»sule  nearly  immersed,  short,  obovate  and  ai)iculate,  its 
scarcely  distinct  short  collum  abruptly  narrowed  into  the  very 
short  pedicel ;  calyptra  distinctly  and  sometimes  profusely  papil- 
lose.—  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  17,  and  Icon.  Muse.  26, 1. 16. 

Var.  mollis.  Calyptra  less  paj)illo8e ;  capsule  with  a 
slightly  more  marked  collum  :  leaves  shorter,  not  exceeding  the 
cai)sule.  —  -C.  Carolinice^  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  144. 

Had.  Banks  of  the  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  (liavenel)\  the 
variety  in  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith). 

14.  B.  Hampeana,  Muell.  Leaves  enlarged  at  base,  nar- 
rowed and  subulate  above,  the  entire  margin  obscurely  denticu- 
late :  capsule  obovate,  with  a  moderately  long  collum  ;  calyptra 
laciniate  at  base,  distinctly  papillose  vesiculose.  —  Syn.  i.  18. 
/Sporkdera  Schicaegricheni^  Hampe  in  litt. 

Hab.     Louisiana  (I>rummond). 

Differing  from  the  last  especially  in  the  distinct  somewhat  long  neck  of 
the  capsule. 


3.  Plants  with  branching  and  prostrate  stems.      Calyptra 
adherent  to  the  capsule.     Spores  remarkably  large  and  few. 


9.  ARCHIDIUM,  Brid.    (PI.  1.) 
Plants  small,  branching  by  short  and  erect  or  by  long  pros- 
trate innovations.    Leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,. 


50 


BRYACE.E. 


[Arcliidlum. 


'  i 


i 


-  m 


l-.:li 


costate ;  areolation  loose,  uniform,  hoxagonal-rhoinboid.'il,  slightly 
elilorophyllose.  Flowers  moiitt'cious,  geintnifonii.  Calyptni 
very  thin,  irregularly  lacerate.  Capsule  globose,  sessile.  Spores 
few,  larger  than  in  any  other  moss,  ]  m.m.  in  diameter,  smooth. 

1.  A.  Ohioense,  Schimp.  Mona'cious:  stems  filiform: 
leaves  8j)rea(ling,  subulate  by  the  excurrent  eosta,  serrulate 
above ;  ]>erichn)tial  leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  narrowed  into  a 
long  ])oint,  costate :  capsule  globose,  on  short  lateral  branches  : 
spores  16  to  20,  angular,  smooth.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Arch.  3  ;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  14,  and  Icon.  Muse.  IG,  t.  7  ;  Sulliv.  & 
Les(|.  ]\Iusc.  I3or.-Am.  Exsice.  n.  28.  A.  2^/Mscotdes^  Sulliv. 
Muse.  Allegh.  n.  213. 

Var.  Donnellii.  More  robust,  yellowish  green  :  leaves  thin, 
subscarious;  areolation  less  distinct:  mji^"  flowers  more  gen- 
erally terminal.  —  A.  Donnellii^  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi. 
190. 

Had.  Meadows  and  waste  fields,  Central  Ohio  and  Northern  Alabama. 
The  variety  in  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith). 

2.  A.  tenerrimum,  Mitten.  Differing  from  the  last,  espe- 
cially in  the  hypogynous  inflorescence,  the  antheridia  being 
placed  in  the  axils  of  one  or  two  small  leaves  at  the  base  of  the 
pericha3tial  ones,  as  in  the  European  A.phascoides,  Brid.;  the  cells 
of  the  areolation  are  much  shorter,  closer  and  firm.  —  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  17.  A.  phascoides^  Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  (Coll. 
II.),  n.  11. 

Had.    Louisiana  (Drximmond). 

3.  A.  Ravenelii,  Aust.  Synoecious:  plants  much  divided 
below :  lower  leaves  distant,  very  small,  ovate  and  appressed, 
or  larger  and  open,  the  upper  closely  imbricate-tufted  or  pressed 
together  in  gemmules,  ovate-lancoolate,  distinctly  acuminate  or 
acute  or  obtuse,  very  entire  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  or 
excurrent  into  a  short  point ;  areolation  very  loose,  round,  oval 
or  rhomboidal,  slightly  longer  and  broader  toward  the  base.  — 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  145. 

Had.    South  Carolina  (ifaceneZ);  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith). 

4.  A.  longifolium,  Lesq.  &  James.  Syncecious :  cespitose, 
sometimes  in  compact  tufts,  yellowish  green ;  stems  short, 
slender:  leaves  long  and  narrow,  open,  flexuous,  narrowly 
lanceolate-subulate;  areolation  in  long  quadrangular  cells,  be- 


Aatomum.] 


BRYACEvE. 


»1 


coining  shorter   and   nearly  quadrate    at    base;    costa    stout, 
exc'urrent  into  a  smooth  awl-sha|>e(l  |ioint :  male  flowers  in  the 
axils  of  j)erichaetial  leaves.  —  l*roe.  ^Vm.  Acad.  xiv.  184. 
II AU.     Florida  (Garbe) ),  In  fine  copiously  fruiting  speeiniens. 

5.  A.  Hallii,  Aust.  Mona«cious,  the  male  flowers  terminal 
on  a  distinct  branch  :  leaves  with  a  very  loose  areolation  and 
the  margins  often  obscurely  recurved  ;  eosta  often  long-excur- 
rent.  —  IJuU.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  145. 

IIab.    Texas  (E.  Hall).    This  species  is  not  satisfactorily  known. 

B.  STEGOCARPI.  —  Capsules  opening  in  the  ui)per  part  by 
a  dehiscent  lid. 

Tribe  II.   WEISIE.E. 

Pl.ints  cespitose,  sometimes  very  small,  generally  of  medium 
size.  Leaves  simply  costate ;  areolation  opaque,  composed  of 
parenchymatous  cells,  small,  punctiform  or  quadrate  and  gen- 
erally papillose  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaf,  larger,  oblong- 
hexagonal  and  pellucid  or  chlorophyllose  at  the  enlarged  base. 
Capsule  solid,  generally  exserted  upon  a  more  or  less  elongated 
pedicel,  rarely  immersed,  erect  or  curved,  sometimes  inclined  or 
]  en  lent,  subcylindrical,  with  a  short  collum  or  none.  Lid 
rostrate.  Peristome  simple  or  none  ;  teeth  flat,  entire  or  bifid. 
Calyptra  cucullate. 


1.  Peristome  none. 

10.  -ASTOMUM,  Hampe. 
Plants  small,   8imi)le   or  branching.    Upper  leaves  longer, 
tufted,  linear-lanceolate,  curling.     Flowers  moncecious.     Cap- 
sule erect,  symmetrical ;  lid  distinctly  formed  but  not  easily 
detached.  —  Systegium^  Schimp. 

1.  A.  crispum,  Hampe.  Stems  short,  branching:  lower 
leaves  very  small,  narrowly  ovate,  the  upper  linear-lanceolate, 
densely  tufted,  minutely  papillose  on  the  back,  crispate  when 
dry ;  costa  round,  excurrent  into  a  short  point,  borders  invo- 
lute :  capsule  globose,  short-pedicellate,  immersed ;   lid  short- 


52 


BRYACEiE. 


[Astomum. 


!     I 


:*! 


conical,  acute.  —  Linnrca,  xii.  552;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  12.  P/iasciim 
crinpnm,  Iledw.  fStir]).  Muse.  Frond,  i.  25,  t.  9;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  LT.  States,  1(1. 

IlAH.  Uurc  sandy  soil  under  bushes,  Vlncennes,  Ind.  {LenfiHereux); 
Texas  ( IVrlyht),  Imperfect  specimens;  Pennsylvania  (James).     Kare. 

2.  A.  Ludovicianum,  Sulliv.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its 
stronger  and  more  divided  habit,  tho  capsules  more  numerous, 
often  clustered  2  or  3  in  the  same  i)erieha'tium,  oblong-oval, 
with  a  more  elongated  obtuse  lid.  —  Icon.  Muse.  21,  t.  12. 
Phascum  criftptwt,  var.  rostellatum,  Ilook.  &  Wils.,  Drunnn. 
Muse.  Am.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  10.  P.  Ludomciamim^  Sulliv. 
Mosses  U.  States,  IG.  Systegitim  erythrostegiiim^  Schimp. 
Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  140. 

Hah.    Near  New  Orleans  {DrnmmoTn.d)\  Florida  (Cha-pman). 

3.  A.  Sullivantii,  Schimp.  Closely  resembles  A.  crispum^ 
differing  in  the  jdants  being  smaller,  more  slender  and  generally 
simple,  the  cai)sule  smaller,  bright  orange  with  a  slightly  longer- 
beaked  lid,  and  a  shorter  calyptra.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Astom.  2  ; 
Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  20,  t.  11.  Phascum  crispnm,  SuUiv.  Muse. 
Allegh.  n.  211,  in  part.  P.  /Sulliuantii,  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  16. 

Had.    Commonly  found  in  meadows,  especially  in  new  clover  fields. 

4.  A.  nitidulum,  Schimp.  Plants  much  smaller  and  less 
branched  than  in  the  last :  leaves  shorter,  open,  scarcely  convo- 
lute when  moistened:  cai)sule  ovoid,  shining,  chestnut-color; 
lid  obliquely  rostellate :  calyjitra  short,  scarcely  reaching  the 
base  of  the  lid.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Astom.  3;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse. 
Bor.-Am.  n.  36.  Phascum  nitidulum^  Muell. ;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  16. 

Var.  pygmSBUm,  Lesq.  Plants  minute,  much  divided : 
costa  simply  percurrent,  not  passing  above  the  apex :  capsule 
oval,  orange-colored :  lid  straight,  obtusely  beaked. 

Had.  On  the  naked  ground  in  meadows,  often  found  with  the  preced- 
ing; Central  Ohio. 

11.  GYMNOSTOMUM,  Hedw.    (PI.  1.; 
Plants  cespitose.     Stems  slender;  branches  dichotoraous  or 
fasciculate.    Leaves  small,  gradually  larger  upwards  and  tufted 
at  the  apex,  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  concave  or  canalic- 


Oymnoatomum.] 


BRYACE/E. 


68 


ulate  by  a  solid  costa,  prominent  on  the  back;  areolatiuii 
minute,  quadrate  in  the  upper  j)art.  Flowers  did'cious  in  the 
American  8i)ecies.    Capsule  symmetrical ;  lid  long-beaked. 

1.  G.  Calcareum,  Neestfe  Ilornsch.  Plants  densely  tufted, 
irreen  above,  ferruginous  below  ;  stems  radiculose :  lower  leaves 
very  small,  gradually  or  abruptly  larger  upward,  linear-lanceo- 
late, costate  to  near  the  blunt  apex,  concave,  borders  minutely 
crenulate  ;  lower  perichietial  leaves  sheathing,  the  upper  spread- 
ing, very  concave,  lanceol.'ite-acute :  capsule  exserted  on  a  com- 
paratively long  pedicel,  oblong,  yellowish  brown,  truncate  or 
slightly  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  annulus  short, 
persistent;  lid  subulate-rostrate  from  a  conical  base.  —  Bryol. 
Germ.  158,  t.  10 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  32.  l^richostonuim  calcareum^ 
Lindb.  Trichost.  19. 

Var.  brevifolium,  Schimp.  Plants  slender  and  delicate : 
lower  leaves  distant,  very  small,  scarcely  i>erceivable  to  the 
naked  eye,  the  upper  close  and  tufted,  oblong-lanceolate,  recurved 
from  the  middle,  acute  or  blunt  at  the  aj)ex :  capsule  small, 
ovate  or  sub-globose.  —  G.  viridalum^  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  81. 

Var.  perpusillum,  Sulliv.  Very  small.  Leaves  erect,  ovate- 
lanceolate:  ca])sule  ])yriform-oval.  —  Pacif.  \\.  Kep.  iv.  185. 

II AB.  On  slate  rocks,  near  Little  Falls,  New  York  (AuhIi)i)\  the  first 
variety  near  Belleville,  Canada  West  (Macoun),  the  second  on  clayey  soil 
near  t-an  Francisco,  California  (Blyelow). 

2.  G.  rupestre,  Schwaegr.  More  or  less  densely  tufted  : 
stems  1  to  5  cent,  long,  slender,  with  dichotomous  or  fasciculate 
divisions :  leaves  gradually  increasing  in  size  from  the  base  to 
the  top,  spreading  or  recurved,  linear-lanceolate,  blunt  at  apex, 
minutely  papillose  on  the  back  or  smooth,  costate  to  below  the 
a]>ex;  pericha3tial  leaves  enlarged  at  base,  somewhat  sheathing: 
cajtsule  ovate-oblong,  rarely  sub-globose,  thin-walled,  palvj 
yellow  or  reddish  brown,  shining,  truncate  when  emjity ;  i)edicel 
reddish ;  lid  conical-acuminate  or  short-beaked ;  annulus  none. 

—  Suppl.  I.,  part  1,  31,  t.  xi. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  33,  34.  Trichosto- 
muin  ceritffviosiim,  Lindb.  Trichost.  19. 

Var.  stelligerum,  Schimp.  Loosely  cesi)itose,  more  robust : 
leaves  longer,  incurved  when  dry  :  capsule  y  r.le,  reddish  at  the 
orifice ;  lid  obliquely  rostrate.     Closely  resembles  the  following. 

—  G.  toj)haceum,  Austin,  Bull.  Terr.  Club.  vi.  42. 


54 


BUYACE^E. 


[Gymnostomuin. 


I! 


ill 


,j| 


IlAn.  Surfapp  Jiml  flssiiros  of  dninp  or  shaded  overhanging  rocks,  In  the 
niountuin.s  espiu'lully,  not  niru.  Thu  variety  on  calcareous  rocks,  Dallas 
County,  Texas  {h\  Hull). 

This  and  the  next  species  are  extremely  variable,  and  some  of  the  varie- 
ties are  indifferently  referable  to  one  or  the  other.  Var.  HUllbjcrnm,  which 
represents  G.  Hlrlliycrum  and  (i.  avlicnliitiiin,  Smith,  and  G.  poinifvnim, 
Nees  «fe  llornseh.,  is  consitiered  by  Wilson  and  others  as  a  variety  of 
G.  curi'lruntrinn.  It  Is  apparently  from  sterile  plants  of  one  of  the 
numerous  varieties  of  this  species  that  G.  Clintoni,  Aust.  (Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  vl.  42),  has  been  made. 

3.  G.  CUrvirostrum,  Ilcdw.  Plants  (lark  rod  or  brown, 
soft  or  solid,  1  to  10  cent,  loiii^,  with  close  fastigiato  branches 
more  or  less  covered  with  a  reddish  felt  of  radicles :  leaves 
Ki>readin<;,  sli<j;htly  incurved  when  dry,  lanceolate-acute,  concave 
at  the  hyaline  base,  carinate  above,  smooth  or  slightly  papillose, 
with  b'>rders  entire  or  sometimes  slightly  serrate  and  n.'curved 
abo'  e  the  base  ;  costa  vanishing  under  the  apex  :  capsule  long- 
]>edicellate,  ovate,  oblong  or  sub-globose,  thick-walled,  chestnut- 
color,  shining,  turbinate  when  dry  and  empty  ;  lid  enlarged  and 
conical  at  base,  prolonged  into  a  long  oblique  tubular  beak  re- 
maining attached  to  the  columella  and  persisting  long  after  dis- 
ruption from  the  orifice  of  the  cai)sule ;  annulus  of  a  double  row 
of  small  i)ersistent  cells  :  spores  larger  than  in  the  preceding.  — 
Stirp.  Crypt,  ii.  C8,  t.  24 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  35  and  30.  J^ottla 
curvirostris,  Ehrh. 

Haii.  Limestone  rocks,  and  on  deposits  of  carbonate  of  lime  or  tufa, 
near  springs;  very  abundant  at  Niagara  Falls. 

4.  G.  tenue,  Schrader.  Plants  very  small,  1  m.m.  high, 
widely  subcesj)itose :  leaves  linear,  gradually  narrower  to  the 
obtuse  apex,  concave ;  pericha!tial  leaves  sheathing  to  the 
middle,  there  recurved,  thinly  costate,  the  inner  ecostate  and 
smaller :  capsule  oblong-elliptical ;  lid  short-beaked  *  unnulus 
broad ;  j)eristome  mostly  none  or  composed  of  miinite  narrow 
teeth.  —  Coll.  PI.  Crypt,  n.  31  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  30.  Gi/roioeisia 
tenuis,  Schimp.  Syn.  2  ed.,  38.      Weisia  tenuis,  Muell. 

Hab.    On  limestone  .ocks,  Lake  Winnipeg  {Drummond). 


12.  ANCBOTANGIUM,  Schwaegr.  (in  part). 
Plants    compactedly  puUinate-cespitose,   with    dichotomous 
an«l  fastigiate  branches,  radiculose  their  whole  length.     Leaves 
si)reading,   lanceolate    or    linear-lanceolate,    subulate,   opaque, 


}yelala.] 


BRYACE.E. 


55 


(It'iisi'ly  papillose,  with  a  round  costa.  Flowers  mond'cious. 
Capsule  erect,  oval  or  8ul)-gl()l»<)se,  with  a  short  inHated  oolluin, 
stnuoth,  of  thin  texture ;  lid  obliquely  loiig-beaked ;  annulus 
very  narrow.     Spores  small. 

A  straiifjt!  genus  {(jcnnn  pnrddnxmn,  as  Schlinpnr  calls  It),  with  the 
dlc'hotonious  fustigiate  rainiHcatlon  of  the  PUuroairpi,  but  u  true  (ii/in- 
noxtoinnin  in  th(!  shape  of  the  leaves,  their  areolutiun,  and  the  or^aniza- 
tioii  of  tlie  capsule. 

1.  A.  Peckii,  Sulliv.  Ilesenihlinuj  .i.  comjutctian.,  Sehwaei^r., 
the  essential  characters  of  which  are  indicated  in  the  description 
of  the  j^enus,  differin<;  merely  in  the  j^reat  size  of  the  plants,  the 
nnich  longer  narrowly  lanceolate  leaves  gradually  increasing  in 
length  u|>ward,  subulate-pointed,  slightly  contracted  above  the 
short  concave  ovate  clasping  base,  carinate-plicate  above ;  areola- 
tion  more  distinctly  quadrangular  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves 
and  chlorophyllose  at  the  base;  fruit  unknown.  —  Aust.  Muse. 
Appal,  n.  G4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  8S,  t.  2;'). 

IIau.  Under  overhanging  rocks,  Catskill  Mountains,  New  York 
(C.  U.  Peck). 

2.  Peristome  swtjile. 


13.  WEISIA,  Iledw.  (PI.  1.) 
Mosses  of  small  size,  cesi)itose  or  pulvinate.  Leaves  lanceo- 
late or  linear-lanceolate  and  subulate,  twisted  when  dry.  Flowers 
mona'cious  or  ditecious,  rarely  synceeious.  Capsule  long-pedicel- 
late, erect,  oval-oblong,  symmetrical  or  rarely  slightly  incurved, 
with  a  peristome  of  16  more  or  less  perfect  lanceolate  teeth» 
either  entire  or  perforated  or  split  at  the  apex,  or  to  tlu?  middle, 
solid,  transversely  articulate,  granulose,  slightly  marked  with  a 
vertical  divisural  line.     Spores  large,  verrucose. 

1.  W.  Viridula,  Brid.  Monoecious  Plants  more  or  less 
densely  cesj)itose  and  ])ulvinate,  bright  een  :  stems  about  h 
cent,  long,  nearly  simple  or  with  fastigiate  branches :  lower 
leaves  minute,  the  upper  abruptly  much  lotiger,  open  and  flex- 
uous,  crispate  when  dry,  linear-lanceolate,  mucronate  by  the 
stout  excurrent  costa,  enlarged  at  the  pale  concave  and  flat- 
margined  base,  tubulose   in  the   upper  part  by  the   involute 


56 


DHYACEJS. 


( IVeUta. 


borders:  culyptra  ronchin^  to  the  iniddlo  of  the  capsule:  ('ii|>- 
Hule  oval-oMoii^,  of  thick  texture,  Hlij^htly  constricted  under  the 
orifice,  wrinkled  len^thwiHc  when  <lry,  lijjjht  brown  ;  pedicel 
twisted  to  the  right;  lid  lon<^-bc:iked,  straij^ht  or  bent  ol)- 
li(|uely ;  teeth  very  variable,  linear-lanceolate,  broad  or  narrow, 
often  truncate  or  bifid  at  the  apex  with  two  to  five  articula- 
tions, sonK'tiines  merely  rudimentary  antl  scarcely  distinufuish- 
able;  aimulus  narrow,  persistent.  —  IJryol.  Univ.  i.  J{;{4;  Itryol. 
Eur.  t.  '21.      W.  controverMt  and  W.  tnicrodanta,  Iledw. 

Var.  stenocarpa,  IMiU'll.  Capsule  narrower,  subcylin<lri- 
cal,  thin-walled,  substriate,  greenish  brown  ;  lid  long-beaked, 
cernuous  or  curve<l  ;  teeth  nearly  entire. 

Var.  densifolia,  Muell.  Plants  larger,  more  densely  ccspi- 
tose:  leaves  crowtled,  narrower;  teeth  imperfect. 

Var.  amblyodon,  IMuell.  Leaves  shorter  and  broader : 
teeth  truncate,  very  short  or  scarcely  perceivable,  pale. — 
W.  (jjpnnoHtotnoidea  and  W.  iuivrosUmui^  Nees  &,  llornsch. 
W.  Jirande(/etf  Austin,  IJull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  40. 

Var.  gymnostomoides,  IMuell.  Plants  small:  leaves 
shorter  than  in  the  normal  form:  ea]>8ule  small,  elliptical; 
teeth  rudimentary,  scarcely  visible.  —  W.  ffi/innostotnoidcn,  Brid. 
J/i/rnenostotmim  wicrostomiim^  Austin,  3Iu8C.  Appal,  n.  03. 
Gymnostomum  liauanum^  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  "IX. 

IIau.  On  the  ground  in  meadows,  broken  fields,  borders  of  ditelies,  clay 
banks,  etc.;  var.  atcnocarpa  in  Arkansas  (F.  L.  Ilnrcej/);  var.  amblyo- 
don in  Colorado,  (Brandeyec);  the  last  variety  near  llethleliem,  Pennsyl- 
vania {E.  A.  liau,  F.  Wolle),  on  rocky  ground,  Palisades  of  New  Jersey 
(Austin),  New  England  {Jaims). 

The  most  connnon,  most  variable,  illusive  and  ambiguous  species. 
Among  the  numerous  forms  wliich  have  been  at  ditferent  times  con- 
siclered  and  described  as  specific,  those  described  above  are  the  more 
distinct.  To  the  var.  f/ymnoatomo'ules  are  to  be  referred  all  the  speci- 
mens that  have  been  communicated  under  the  generic  name  IlymenostO' 
mum,  which  genus  is  not  yet  known  from  North  America. 

2.  W.  longiseta,  Lesq.  <fc  James.  Much  like  the  last  in 
the  characters  of  the  leaves,  it  differs  in  the  dicccious  inflores- 
cence, the  numerous  male  plants  with  gemmiform  polyphyllous 
aggregate  flowers,  the  small  curved  ovate  8-sulcate  capsule  on  a 
long,  very  slender,  pale  yellow  pedicel,  the  teeth  of  the  peristome 
large,  perfect,  linear-lanceolate,  lacunose  along  the  divisural 
line,  regularly  bifid,  spreading  when  dry,  and  the  spores  large 
and   ferruginous.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  130.     W,  viriduktj 


Dicranowcl»Ut.\ 


DKYACK.E. 


67 


var.  (tuHtniUsy  Aust.  Muse.  Ai»|>al.  Sui>i>I.  ii.  4<>(),  ami  Hull.  Ton*. 
Club,  vii.  4. 

Hah.    On  the  Kmiuul,  Entoi-prlso,  Florida  1 11'.  A,  Fostvi',  AttHthi). 

Tli»'  pull!  gr«'<'n  «'olor  of  the  pliintM,  llii!  long  hK-ikUt  y«'lU)wish  iK'«llceI, 
th(!  ourv<>(l  ciipHulc,  iind  tlu<  luvm*  pfi-fomlvU  or  split  tculli  givu  to  this 
spcolt's  tho  nppuaraiic(>  of  a  l)ici'<inHin. 

}{.  W.  Wolfli.  Difl'tTs  from  tlu' lU'cci'iVniLf  in  tin- jiciicnilly 
lar^iT  li'Uvt'H,  lu'arly  I'xactly  tuI>ulo.st!  in  tlu'  u|)|k'i*  part,  aii*l 
curved  back  when  iiH)istcMt'(l,  iti  tbc  wbort  )»C(li(  cl  of  tbc  cylind- 
rical oblong  cajtsulc,  wliicli  is  not  Hulcate  nor  constricted  under 
the  orifice  when  dry,  and  in   the  truncate  teeth. 

Hah.     On  tho  ground  near  Caiiton,  IllinoU  (N.  Wolj). 

The  did'clouH  liiflori'sconco  osprchilly  soparate.s  this  spfclos  from  W.  rlrl- 
(hdit,  var.  Htrnocorjxt,  and  also  from  IT.  vincroiiiilatn,  Schimp.,  which  It 
rusumbles  in  the  form  of  the  leaves  and  in  the  peristome. 


14.  DIORANOWEISIA,  Lindb. 
Plants  of  larger  isl/e  ;  branches  fastigiate.     IVriclni'tium  dis- 
tinct,  sheathing.     Peristome    more   perfect ;    teeth    lanceolate, 
distinctly   articulate,   entire    or    bifid   at    tho   apex.     Flowers 
nioniecious. 

1.  D.  crispula,  Lindb.  Plants  ]nilvinate,  rarely  eespitose, 
yellowish  or  dark  green ;  stems  slender,  2  c.  m.  long  or  more : 
leaves  enlarged  at  tho  concave  base,  long-subidato  and  nearly 
tubuiose  in  tho  upjier  ])art,  costate  to  below  the  apex,  open,  fal- 
cate-secund,  much  crispate  when  dry ;  basilar  cells  narrowly 
rectangular,  enlarged,  quadrato  and  yellow  at  the  angles  ;  peri- 
cluetial  leaves  short,  tubuiose,  obtuse,  sheathing  to  near  the 
aj>ex:  cajtsulc  long-])e<li('ellate,  of  thin  texture,  oblong-ovate, 
rugose,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  obliquely 
subulate-rostrate  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  free  to  below  the  orifice 
of  the  caj)sule,  narrowly  lanceolate,  entire  or  split  at  the  apex  ; 
anmdus  none.  —  Lindb.  in  Milde,  Bryol.  Siles.  47.  Weisia  cris- 
pula, Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.,  68,  t.  12  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  26. 

IIah.  On  decayed  trunks,  California  (Jiolnnder);  Rocky  Mountains 
(-£".  Uidl,  Dojou'c);  Utah  {Watsoii);  Oregon  {Nevius). 

2.  D.  cirrhata,  Lindb.,  I.e.  Plants  much  divide^i,  ferruginous 
111  the  lower  part,  bright  green  above :  leaves  open,  curved  uj) 
from  the  middle,  the  lower  short,  lanceolate,  the  upper  much 
longer,  ovate-concave  at  base,  linear-lauceolute,  carinate  and  rc' 


wm 


58 


HUYACK/K. 


[Orfotoclnla. 


fli'xod  oil  the  borderH  in  tlu'  uppor  pnrt,  olitiiscly  pointtMl,  soft, 
ciiThatf-ciispato  wln-ii  <lry  ;  alar  ct'llM  ^ra<Iually  lar^i'r:  capNiilu 
ubloiig  or  siilicyliiulrical,  r(><l<liNli  at  the  <>ritic(t ;  liil  siilMilatu- 
roHtratc ;  tcctli  lint'ar-laiu'folatc,  ciitiri'  at  tlio  minutely  |iiin(v 
tulati'  apex  ;  anniilns  of  three  rowH  of  Htnall  cells,  persistent. — 
]\'titti<i  cii'i'/mUi^  IUmIw.  Spee.  Muse.  01),  t.  \'l ;   IJryol.  Kur.  t.  2r>. 

Ham.  On  rockn,  boul(l«TH,  rootn  of  trvoH  uml  (li>('iiy«>il  wochI,  (.'oiiHt 
Uuii^cH,  CulifuniiA,  »n<l  ()r<>Koii,  vi'iy  ooininon;  n«>ar  Ailit'iis,  Illliiuis  (E, 
Jltdl),  Hli'i'lli!  plaiitM,  pcrhiii)!!  rfprescaMii^  a  variety. 

'Ilie  spt'ciuN  Ih  (liNtiii^tiislKHl  from  tilt*  i>r«>('('(liiig  l)y  tlm  nhortor  leaves 
not  an  narrowly  and  lon);-Hul)ulato  to  tlu'  apex.  ri>tl<>x«>*l  on  tli«t  liorders,  the 
lunger  and  narrower  capHult',  Ihc  compound  unnnluH,  the  entire  tetali,  etc. 

15.  OREOWEISIA,  Sehimp. 
Plants  pulvinate.     Leaves  soft,  coarsely  [tapilloso  and  minutely 
serrulate  aljove ;  hasilar  areolation  hyaline,  the  upper  chloro- 
phyllose.      IVrichietium  not  sheathing.     C*apsule  more  or  less 
curved.     Intlorescence  and  peristome  of  Dicranoireisld. 

1.  O.  Serrulata,  Sehimp.  Densely  pulvinate-cespitose ; 
plants  ra<lieulose  below  :  leaves  crowdcMl,  narrowly  lanceolate, 
enlarged  and  concave  to  the  middle,  the  pericluetial  longer,  all 
flexuous,  open  or  incurve<l,  carinate  ahove,  eostate  to  helow  the 
somewhat  obtuse  apex  :  capsule  of  thick  texture,  oblong,  short- 
necked  ;  i)edicel  whitish  ;  lid  with  a  short  blunt  inclined  beak ; 
teeth  of  the  peristome  dark  orange  in  the  lower  part,  pale  above, 
abruptly  lanceolate-siibulate  from  the  enlarged  base,  entire,  [)er- 
forated  or  l)ifid,  prominently  articulate,  tlexuous  at  the  apex ; 
annulus  none.  —  Syn.  Muse,  (2  ed.),  57.  Weiaia  serrulata^ 
Funck ;  Brid.,  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  804  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  27. 

IlAu.  Narrowvllle,  Pennsylvania  (JamcH);  Palisades  of  New  Jersey 
{Auatin),  sterile;  Nulato,  Alaska  (Rotlirock),  fertile. 

16.  RHABDOWEISIA,  Bruch  &  Sehimp.    (PI.  1.) 
Plants  small,  dichotomous,  densely  aggregate.     Leaves  long, 

narrow,  crispate  when  dry,  minutely  pa]>illose  on  both  faces ; 

areolation  quadrate,  chlorojihyllose  in  the  upper  part,  longer, 

hexagonal  and  hyaline  near  the  base.     Inflorescence  monoDcious. 

Ca)>8ule  8-striate,  8-co8tate  when  dry.    Lid  long-subulate,  beaked. 

Teeth  of  the  peristome  linear-subulate,  enlarged  at  base. 


t'ljuoiluntium.] 


BHYACK.K. 


no 


1.  R.  fug^ax,  IJrurli  it  Scliiinit.  PiilviMMtf-crspitnsr ;  HtfiiiH 
.J  to  1  c.  III.  loiij^,  i!i<liiMiIoM»'  lu'lnw  :  Iravi's  liiii-ar-liiiu'iMjlato, 
iniiiiitc.y  <l('iiti('ulatt'  or  ciitin'  at  llic  apex,  cariiiati'  in  tliu 
iiiiilillc,  flat  on  tlu'  ItonliTs;  coMta  Miili|K'r«'iirr«'nt :  t'alyptra  lai'u<': 
(■a|)Mtl(>  Hiiiall,  l>n>a<lly  ovate,  rolilisli  hmwii,  with  a  short  neck 
nii«l  a  |»al»'  yt-llow  pt'dict'l  twistol  to  the  h't't  wIh'Ii  dry;  li*l  al>- 
ni|»tly  loiiij-siilailatc  from  a  liroad  convi-x  hast-;  tt-i'th  paUs 
brown,  hytrroscopical  and  fugacious;  aniiiihiH  narrow,  per- 
histt'nt.  —  Hryol.  Kur.  t.  41.  W'cinia  J'"i/<i>i',  lledw.  {S]»c'C, 
MiiHc.  (14,  t.  *i:{. 

Il.vii.  FiHsitrcH  of  MchistoHO  1111*1  Han*Ntoii(>  rocks  hi  inoitntuhia.  Whito 
MoiiiiliiliiH  ((hikes,  .liimctt);  hiikc  Superior  [Muronit). 

±  R.  denticulata,  Hnich  &  Schimp.  DilfciH  from  tho 
last  in  the  plants  hciiiiLfHtrontjcr  and  loosely  ccspitosc,  the  h'avi's 
l(tnt;cr,  recurved  from  the  middle,  cirrhate-«'rispate  when  dry, 
sliininij,  coarsi'ly  and  distantly  dentate  toward  the  apex,  eari- 
iiate,  tho  co.sta  vanishini^  lower,  the  capsule  more  solid,  ovatc- 
glohose,  with  a  more  distinct  collum,  less  dee|tly  costato  when 
onjpty,  tho  teeth  lanceolate  at  base,  lonujer-subulato  and  moro 
solid,  darker-colored  and  persistent.  —  Hryol.  Kur.  t.  42.  Weisia 
denticnlatii^  Hrid.  Muse.  Uecent.  Sui>pl.  i.  lOS. 

\\\\\.  Wliite  Mountains  (Otikvs,  JaiiicH);  sandstone  rocks  on  Slippery 
Kock  Creek,  rcnnsyivania,  under  tlie  shade  oi  MaynoUu  ylutica  {Lesque- 
rcux);  near  Eustou,  Pa.  (T.  C.  Porter). 


17.  OYNODONTIUM,  Schimp. 

Plants  j)ulvlnate-cospito8e.  Stems  radiculose-tomentose. 
Leaves  gradually  longer  upward,  tufted  at  tho  top  of  tho 
branches,  open,  flexuous,  crispate  when  dry,  linear-lanceolate, 
crenulato  or  denticulate  at  the  aj)ex,  carinate-concave,  reflexed 
on  the  borders ;  areolation  ])apillo8e,  strongly  chlorophyllose, 
opaque  in  tho  up|)er  part  of  tho  leaves,  minute,  quadrate,  not 
enlarged  at  tho  angles ;  costa  nearly  terete.  Flowers  monoe- 
cious, gemmiform.  Capsule  oval-oblong,  with  a  regular  or 
strumose  collum,  stri.ate,  more  or  less  cost.ate  when  dry.  Oper- 
culum obliquely  beaked.  —  Dici'aniim,  Auct.,  in  j)art. 

1.  0.  Schisti,  Schimp.  Leaves  lanceolate  from  an  enlarged 
oblong  base,  minutely  crenulato  on  the  recurved  borders :  cap* 


Y^mi^ 


CO 


BRYACEiE. 


[Cj/nodontium. 


8ule  short-ovate,  small,  (listinctiy  neckctl ;  teeth  lanceolate,  en- 
tire, rarely  perforated,  dark  |)rrj)le.  —  Synop.  Muse.  (ed.  2),  Gl. 
Jiryiim  /Schistic  Oeder,  Fl.  ]Jan.  t.  88.  Weisia  jSchisti,  lirid. 
llhabdoiceisia  iSchisti,  liruch  &  Schinip.  JBryol.  Eur.  t.  43. 
Oncophorus  »Sc/ntiti,  Lindb. 

IlAB.    liocky  Mountains  (iJjMHtmond);  Spokan  Fall^  {Watson). 
Closely  resembling  lihabdoweitsia  fiKjax,  tUffering  i'   ^he  papillose  sur- 
face of  the  leaves,  and  the  large  lanceolate  solid  teef 

2.  0.  gracilescens,  Schlmp.  Tufts  yellowish  or  pale 
green  ;  stems  slender :  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  apex, 
recurved  and  minutely  crenulate  on  the  borders,  densely  papil- 
lose on  both  faces ;  costa  slender,  endincj  below  the  apex  ;  areo- 
lation  minute,  round  in  the  uj^per  part,  elongated  downward : 
capsule  oval-oblong,  slightly  cernuous  or  erect,  with  a  short  in- 
distinct collum. ;  i)edicel  long,  slender,  ]>ale,  more  or  less  flexuous ; 
lid  long-beaked ;  teeth  regularly  bifid  to  near  the  bnse,  with 
I'near  distantly  articulate  segments ;  annulus  very  narrow,  per- 
sistent. —  Syn.  Muse.  CI.  Dicranum  gracilescens,  Web.  & 
Mohr,  Bot.  Tasch.  184;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  45,  4G;  SuUiv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  20.     Oncophorus^  Lindb. 

Var,  inflexum,  Schimp.  Plants  smaller,  soft :  capsule 
nearly  pendent  from  the  arcuate  pedicel. — Campylopus  cirrha- 
tusy  Ilornsch. ;  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  479. 

Var.  alpestre,  Schimp.      Densely  tufted,  shorter  and  less 

divided:    leaves    narrower,   less    distinctly  papillose:    capsule 

smaller.  —  Dicranum  alptestre,  Wahl. 

Hah.  Subalplne  mountains;  high  summits  of  the  White  Mountains, 
of  the  Adirondacks,  etc.,  not  rare;  Rocky  Mountains  (E.  Hall). 

3.  0.  polycarpum,  Schimp.  Stems  covered  with  a  thick 
coating  of  radicles:  leaves  close,  subcrispate  when  dry,  linear 
or  narrowly  lanceolate  from  the  oval  base,  serrulate  at  the  a])ex, 
distantly  papillose :  capsule  erect,  oblong  or  subcernuous,  with  a 
short  regular  or  strumose  collum  ;  pedicel  long,  straight,  rigid  ; 
lid  crenulate  on  the  borders;  teeth  bifid,  more  or  less  irregu- 
larly divided  ;  annulus  distinct,  easily  detached.  —  Syn.  Muse.  C2. 
Dicranum  polycarpum,  Ehrh. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  47  ;  SuUiv.  1.  c.  . 

Var.  strumiferum,  Schimp.  Capsule  subcernuous,  broadly 
ovate ;  collum  strumose. 

Hab.  Same  as  the  preceding;  Alaska  (ITpiioor//);  Lake  Superior 
(A(jamz)\  the  variety  on  rocks,  at  York  Factory  (Brummond). 


i  si 


Dichodontiiim.] 


BRYACEiE. 


61 


4.  0.  virers,  Sehimp.  Plants  more  or  loss  dcnsoly  cosj)i- 
tose :  ieuvc's  narrowly  huu'oolate,  subulate  from  the  half-sheath- 
int;  obluni;  base,  recurved  or  revolute  on  the  borders,  entire  or 
serrulate  at  the  aj>ex,  smooth  and  minutely  areolate  ;  costa  nar- 
row, ]>er('urrent  or  slij^htly  exeurrent :  capsule  ovate-oblong  or 
subcylindrical,  more  or  less  curved,  constricted  under  the  orifice 
and  smooth  when  dry ;  coUum  short,  abruptly  inflated  and 
stnnnose  on  one  side  and  truncate  underneath  ;  lid  erosc  at 
base  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  more  regularly  bifid  ;  annulus  none. 
—  Syn.  ]Musc.  03.  iJicranuni  vire?i8,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii. 
77,  t.  32  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  48  and  49. 

Var.  Wahlenbergii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  slender : 
leaves  longer-subulate,  slightly  retlexcd  on  the  borders,  obscurely 
denticulate,  much  crispate  when  dry :  capsule  shorter,  much 
curved  when  dry.  —  Sulliv.  1.  c.  Oncojihonis  Wahlenbergii^ 
Brid.     Aiitjstrcemia^  Muell. 

Var.  serratum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Loosely  cespitose : 
leaves  divaricate-si)readiug,  curling,  coarsely  dentate ;  capsule 
less  strumose. 

Var.  compactum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Densely  tufted, 
yellowish  green ;  j)lants  shorter  and  more  slender :  the  leaves 
shorter,  abruptly  narrowed  from  an  enlarged  base,  much  cris- 
pate and  very  entire  :  capsule  short,  gibbous,  rouuded-strumose 
at  the  neck. 

Hab.  Subalpine  regions,  along  streams  and  In  deep  glens,  on  trunks 
and  decayed  wood ;  not  rare  and  very  variable.  The  first  variety  in  tlie 
llocky  Mountains  (Drummond);  the  second  in  Dregon  (E.  IIall)\  the  last 
in  the  White  Mountains  {Oakes),  and  in  Tuolumne  Caflon  and  Mono  Pass, 
California,  at  9,000  feet  altitude  (Bolander). 


18.  DIOHODONTIUM,  Schimp. 
Plants  loosely  cespitose.  Leaves  soft,  opaque,  divaricate- 
squarrose,  lingulate-lanceolate  from  an  enlarged  half-sheathing 
base  ;  borders  iiTegularly  serrulate  ;  medial  and  basilar  areolation 
rectangular,  quadrate  and  very  small  on  the  borders,  quadrate, 
chlorophyllose  and  obscure  at  the  apex.  Flowers  dioecious. 
Capsule  solid,  cemuous,  smooth ;  collum  distinct,  not  strumose. 
Peristome  large ;  teeth  cleft  to  below  the  middle.  Annulus 
none.  —  Dicrmium^  Auct.,  in  part. 


H,m 


^■m 


T' 


62 


BRYACF/E. 


[Dichodontium. 


\    i 


1.  D.  pellucidum,  Schimp.  Loaves  j)elluci(l  at  the  oblong 
base,  linear-lanceolate,  hyaline-serrate,  papillose  on  both  faces, 
borders  flat,  opaque ;  costa  narrow,  crenulate  toward  the  apex, 
vanishing  ])elow  :  capsule  suberect,  broadly  oval  or  subglobose; 
])edicel  soft,  flexuous,  pale  yellow ;  li<l  obli(juely  long-beaked 
from  an  enlarged  concave  base  ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  densely 
articulate,  dark  red  below,  orange  above.  —  Syn.  Muse.  65. 
JJicranum  pellacidam,  Iledw.  Sp.  Muse,  142 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  50  and  51.     Anystrvemia  pelluciday  Muell. 

Var.  Americanuni,  Lesq.  Leaves  twisted-crispate  when 
dry,  shorter  and  narrower ;  cells  of  the  basilar  areolation  longer : 
capsule  longer. 

Var.  serratum,  Schimp.  Stems  longer ;  leaves  larger 
and  coarsely  dentate  toward  the  ajiex :  capsule  oblong,  nearly 
erect. 

IIab.  Cascade  Mountains  (Lyall),  Fort  Yale  (^faconn) ;  the  first  variety 
at  Brattleborough,  Vermont  (Frost),  an'  in  deep  glens,  New  Jersey  and 
New  York  {Austin);  var.  serratum,  Oregon  {E.  Hall). 

2.  D.  Oanadense.  Stem  stout,  simi)le:  leaves  enlarged 
and  clasping  at  base,  subulate-lanceolate,  divaricate  above,  serru- 
late on  the  borders ;  costa  strong  and  percurrent ;  cells  of  the 
areolation  elongated  at  base,  somewhat  oblong  above,  the  mar- 
ginal shorter,  all  pellucid :  capsule  turbinate,  unequal,  with  a 
broad  orifice ;  pedicel  long,  red ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  large, 
red,  dicranoid. — Cynodontium  Canadense^  Mitten,  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  17.  Dicranella  Schreheri,  var.  occidentaUy 
Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  344. 

Hab.  British  America,  probably  from  the  Rocky  Mountains  (Drum- 
nirjud,  n.  101,  in  part). 

Comparable  to  Dicranella  squarrosa,  from  wliich  it  differs  in  the  leaves 
more  narrowly  subulate  and  with  the  borders  serrulate.  It  should  per- 
haps be  placed  under  Dicranella. 


t     i'l 


19.  TREMATODON,  Michx.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  short,  loosely  cespitose,  sparingly  branching.  Leaves 
lanceolate-subulate,  costate ;  cells  of  the  areolation  large. 
Flowers  autoecious.  Capsule  long-pedicellate,  oblong,  slightly 
arcuate,  with  a  long  narrow  collum.  Operculum  long-subulate. 
Annulus  simple  or  compound.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  narrowly 
lanceolate,  cleft  to  near  the  base  or  lacerate,  purple. 


Angstroemia.] 


BRYACE.E. 


G3 


1.  T.  ambiguum,  Ilornsch.  Stems  sliort,  1  or  2  c.  m.  loiii^: 
leaves  open,  laiieeolate-subulate,  caiialieulate  from  an  obloni^- 
ovate  base  ;  perieluetial  leaves  large,  oblong,  with  a  short  lanceo- 
late-acuminate point:  capsule  equal  in  length  to  the  cylindrical 
slightly  arched  collum  or  shorter;  annulus  large,  revoluble ; 
teeth  of  the  peristome  cleft  to  near  the  base  or  in  the  middle 
only  ;  segments  sometimes  irregularly  lacerate.  —  Hegens.  Flora, 
ii.  88 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  9G.  JJicninum  autbiyuiun^  IIe<l\v. 
jNIusc.  Frond,  iii.  87,  t.  36.  I'renmtodon  lon</icollls,  SuUiv. 
&  Lesq.  Muse.  13or.-Am.  n.  75,  in  part,  and  (ed.  2),  n.  9(3. 

Hab.     Wet  sandy  places  in  hilly  districts;  peat  bogs,  ditches,  etc. 

2.  T.  longicollis,  Michx.  Differs  from  the  last  in  the 
shorter  ])lants,  the  perieluetial  leaves  more  gradually  and  longer 
acuminate,  the  collum  of  the  oblong-cylindrical  capsule  twice  as 
long,  the  teeth  of  the  peristome  narrower  pubulate  with  nodose 
articulations  perforated  along  the  divisural  line,  rarely  dis- 
jointed in  two  segments. —  1*1.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  289 ;  Sulliv.  Muse. 
AUegh.  n.  173,  and  Icon.  Muse.  31,  t.  19 ;  SuUiv.  &  Lesq.  Muse. 
Bor.-Am.  (ed.  2),  n.  95. 

IIab.  Moist  clayey  or  sandy  soil,  from  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey 
southward. 

20.  ANGSTRCEMIA,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Plants  densely  gregarious.  Stems  erect.  Leaves  minute, 
closely  imbricate  and  ap]>ressed,  with  a  thin  costa  vanishing 
below  the  apex ;  areol  .tion  loose.  Flowers  dioecious ;  male 
flowers  discoid-gem maceous,  terminal.  Caj>sule  erect,  globose- 
ovate,  symmetrical,  solid,  long-pedicellate.  Lid  short-beaked 
from  a  conical  base.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  bifid  from  the 
middle,  rarely  simple. 

1.  A.  longipes,  Bruch  &  Schinij).  Stems  simple  or 
sparingly  divided  ;  basilar  branches  filiform,  strict :  lower  leaves 
distant,  very  small,  ovate,  obtusely  short-acuminate,  the  upper 
and  the  perieluetial  tufted,  oblong-ovate,  longer  acuminate, 
concave :  capsule  small,  truncate  when  deoperculate ;  annulus 
none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  94.  Weisia  louffipes,  Sommerf.  Suppl. 
Flor.  Lapp.  52,  t.  Dicranum  jidaceum^  Hook.  &  Wils., 
Brumm.  Muse.  Am.  n.  100. 

Hab.    Portage  on  the  CoUimbia  River,  British  America  (Drummond). 


,ii 


rr 


m^ 


04 


BRYACE.E. 


[Dicranella, 


21.  DICRANELLA,  Schimp. 
Plntits  gontM'iilly  small.  Leaves  smooth;  cells  of  the  loose 
areolatioii  slightly  chlorophyllose,  the  upper  oblong-hexagonal, 
the  lower  long-rectangular.  Flowers  ilia'cious,  rarely  nionoj- 
cious.  Capsule  generally  cernuous,  sometimes  striate.  Peristome 
large ;  teeth  regularly  bitid,  closely  articulate,  vertically  striolate; 
segments  filiform,  minutely  granulose. 

#  Leaves  squarrose  or  spreadinff  all  around. 

1.  D.  Crispa,  Schimp.     Monoecious :  plants  small,  slender, 

subcespitose :  leaves  square-ovate,  half-sheathing  at  base,  abrui)tly 

long-subulate,  minutely  serrulate  at  the  a)>ex,  si^reading,  flexuous, 

crispate  when  dry :  capsule  without  collum,  erect,  short-oval, 

plicate-ribbed  when  dry ;   lid   long-subulate,  erect  or  oblique, 

crenidate    at    base ;    aimulus    narrow.  —  Bryol.    Eur.    Coroll. 

13 ;  Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  105,  t.  15,  D.    Dicramim  cria- 

pwn,  Iledw.  Stirj).  Muse.  ii.  91,  t.  33  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  55. 

Hab.    Near  the  Highlands,  Rocky  Mountains,  British  America  {Drum- 
mond);  Gallon  Mountains  (Lyall)',  McLeod  Lake,  Canada  {Macoun). 

2.  D.  Grevilleana,  Schimp.  Monoecious :  plants  more 
densely  crowded  and  stronger :  leaves  enlarged  and  undulate  at 
the  oblong  basp-,  abruptly  long-lanceolate  subulate,  entire ; 
perichfetial  leaves  with  a  long  tubulose  sheathing  base  :  caj)sule 
cernuous,  obovate  or  oval,  obscurely  striate,  with  a  short  stru- 
mose  collum ;  lid  subulate,  shorter  than  in  the  last  sj)ecies ; 
annulus  none. — Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.  Dicranum  ScJireheria- 
niim^  Grev.  Scot.  Crypt,  t.  116 ;  Hook.  &  Wils.,  Drumm.  Muse. 
Am.  n.  97.  Dicranum  Grevilleamim^  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  54.  Ani- 
sothecium  Grevillei,  Lindb.  Utk.  Nat.  Grupp.  Eur.  Bladm.  33 ; 
Braithw.  1.  c.  113,  t.  16,  D. 

JIab.    Alpine  stations  in  British  America  {Driimmond). 

It  is  not  certain  that  this  species  lias  been  found  in  America.    Accord- 
ing to  Schimper,  n.  97  of  Drummond's  Mosses  represents  it,  but  an  ex-' 
aminatlon  of  tlie  specimens  given  in  three  different  sets  under  this  num- 
ber sliows  that  they  all  represent  I>.  Schreberi, 

3.  D.  Schreberi,  Schimp.  In  size  and  aspect  this  species 
is  like  the  preceding,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  dioecious  in- 
florescence, the  leaves  shorter,  carinate  above,  not  as  abruptly 
and  narrowly  subulate,  serrulate  toward  the  apex,  and  in  the 


Dicranella,] 


BRTACEvE. 


66 


shorter  less  distinct  colliim  of  the  smooth  (not  striate)  capsule. 
—  JJryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.  Dicranum  jSchreberi,  Swartz. ; 
Iledw.  Si>.  Muse.  144,  t.  83  ;  15ryol.  Eur.  t.  53.  AnisotUeciwa 
o'l'spii/fi,  Lindb. ;  Braithw.  1.  c.,  t.  10,  E. 

Var.  OCCidentalis,  Aust.  Leaves  often  very  entire ;  cells 
half  as  broad.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  344. 

IIaij.  Hills  in  tlie  Adirondaclc  Mountains  {Leaquereux)',  Wlilto  Moun- 
tains of  New  England,  and  clay  ditches  near  Lancaster,  Pcnnsylviinia 
{James)',  the  variety  near  Portland,  Oregon  (AViuit.s). 

4.  D.  SquarrOSa,  Schimp.  Dicecious:  ])lants  robust,  ces- 
pitose,  radieulose,  yellowish  or  dark-ujreen  :  leaves  enlarijfed,  and 
sheathing  at  the  oblonpf  base,  lanceolate,  concave,  divaricato- 
scjuarrose  from  the  middle,  blunt  at  the  crenidate  apex:  capsule 
obovate  or  oblong-ovate,  cenuious,  with  a  short  distinct  ct)lluni 
or  none  ;  lid  long-conical  or  short-bcjiked  ;  annulus  none.  Bryol. 
Eur.  Coroll.  13.  iJlcranimi  sr/uarrosum,  Schrad.  Journ.  Bot. 
v.  68 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  52.  Atiisothecium  sqiiarrosum  Lindb. ; 
Braithw.  1.  c.  114,  t.  10,  F. 

IIab.     Alaska  (//rtrrJ«i/<on). 

*  *  Leaves  secund  or  suhsecund.     Floicers  dioecious. 

5.  D.  cerviculata,  Schimp.  Densely  and  widely  cespitose, 
bright  green;  stems  short,  1  cent,  long;  leaves  half-clasj)ing  at 
base,  flex'uous,  spreading  or  secund,  lanceolate-subulate,  con- 
cave, entire,  glossy ;  costa  flat,  percurrent,  enlarged  at  base : 
caf>sule  light  brown,  broadly  ovate,  gibbous  with  a  short  stru- 
mose  colluni;  pedicel  slender,  yellow  ;  annulus  very  narrow,  j)er- 
sistent ;  lid  long  subulate-rostrate.  —  Bryol.  Eiu-.  Coroll.  13; 
Braith.  1.  c.  109,  t.  16,  A.  Dicranum  cerviculattcm,  Iledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iii.  89,  t.  37  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  50 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  21. 

Had.  Upon  peat,  on  the  sides  of  ditches  in  cranberry  marshes  of 
Northern  Ohio  (Lesquereux);  White  Mountains  (James). 

6.  D.  varia,  Schimp.  Gregarious  or  cespitose;  plants 
short :  leaves  erect-spreading  or  turned  to  one  side,  oblong  at 
base,  gradually  lanceolate-subulate,  carinate,  entire  or  slightly 
denticulate  at  the  apex ;  costa  percurrent :  capsule  reddish- 
brown,  cernuous,  oblong-ovate,  with  a  short  indistinct  collum, 
constricted  under  the  orifice  Avhen  dry  ;  lid  large,  short-be.iked ; 
peristome  large,  dark  red,  the  teeth  connivent  at  the  apex 
into  a  cone;  annulus  none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.    Dicra- 


m 

^ '  h|i;5 

1 

) 

1 

1 

1 

'  !'^?I1 

1 

■  -''*ljil 

1 

.1 

«kSi£ 

Wl 

■XS^^ 

H 

'•.>.. 

4^H 

H 

1 

1 

■■?E 


1 


66 


BRYACEiE. 


[Dicranella. 


1    ,; 


i 


nnm  varium,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  93,  t.  34;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  57 
and  58  ;  SuUiv.  1.  c.  Anisot/iectum  varium,  Mitt.  A.  nibrumy 
Lindl). ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  110,  t.  IG,  IJ. 

IIau.     Wet  ground;  clayey  and  sandy  banks  in  plain  districts. 

A  very  coniniun  and  variable  species.  Plants  with  capsules  of  diverse 
forms  are  often  foinid  in  the  same  tufts. 

7.  D.  rufescens,  Schimp.  Of  the  same  size  and  appearance 
as  the  hast,  differint?  in  the  less  crowde<l  falcite-seeund  Hiiear- 
lanceohite  leaves  with  a  broader  areolation,  the  capsule  ovate, 
erect,  symmetrical,  smaller,  the  pedicel  dark  red,  and  the  lid 
conical-acuminate.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.  JJicranvm  rufes- 
cens,  Turner,  Muse.  Ilibern.  GG  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  50  ;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 
Anisotheciam  rufescens^  Lindb. ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  llli,  t.  IG,  C. 

Had.     Clay  and  gravelly  soil,  plains  and  mountains. 

8.  D.  debilis.     Size  and  apfiearance  of  the  plants  same  as 

in  the  precedinj;.     Leaves  gradually  increasing  in  length  from 

the  base  ui)ward,  linear-lanceolate,  with  borders  undulate  and 

recurved ;    areolation  loose ;   costa  vanishing  below  the  blunt 

apex :    capsule  oval,  erect,  symmetrical,  without  collum ;    lid 

long-rostrate,  straight ;  annulus  large,  sim]»le.  —  Uicrantun  debile^ 

Hook  &  Wils.,  Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  51,  52;  Sulliv. 

Mosses  of  U.  States,  21,  and  Icon.  Muse.  33,  t.  20. 

Had.  Banks  of  ditches  and  roadsides,  J?outh  Carolina  to  Florida;  very 
common  in  Cuba. 

9.  D.  SUbulata,  Schimp.      Loosely  tufted  and  somewhat 

larger  than  the  last :  leaves  half-clasping  at  the  ellij)tical  base, 

narrowed  above  into  a  long  setaceous  subulate  entire  point ; 

costa  excurrent ;  areolation  minute ;  pericluctial  leaves  tubulose 

at  base,   abruptly   longer   subulate:    capsule   cernuous,  ovate, 

gibbous,  not  strumose  or  slightly  so,  obscurely  striate,  plicate 

when  dry ;  pedicel  long,  red ;  lid  long  subulate-rostrate,  curved  ; 

annulus  double.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13.    Dicranum  sitbulatum, 

Hedw.  Spec.  Muse.  128,  t.  34 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  GO  ;  Sidliv.  1.  c.  21. 

Dicranella  secimda^  Lindb. ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  106,  t.  15,  E. 

Hab.  Alpine  and  subalpine  regions,  eastern  and  western  slopes  of 
North  America;  not  uncommon. 

10.  D.  heteromalla,  Schimp.  Plants  cespitose,  of  medium 
size,  simple  or  forking :  leaves  crowded,  secund,  lanceolate  from 
the  base,  narrowly  long-subulate,  denticulate  or  entire  at  the 
apex,  glossy  ;  perichaetial  leaves  Avith  a  short  half-clasping  base, 
abruptly  and  narrowly  long-subulate :  capsule  cernuous,  more 


Dicranum.] 


BUYA'E.K. 


67 


or  li'S8  reclined,  ovate  or  oblonj:?,  obsciircly  striate,  plicate  wlu'U 
dry,  with  a  short,  often  indistinct,  coHuin,  slijj;htly  constricted 
under  the  obliipiely  inclined  orilice ;  pedicel  yellow ;  lid  lons^ 
sulmlate-beaked  ;  teeth  bifid  or  triHd;  annulus  simple,  very  nar- 
row.—  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  1:5;  IJraithw.  iirit.  jMoss-F1.  i.  107, 
t.  1.'),  G.  JJicrtomm  hettirotnullHtn^  liedw.  3Iusc.  Frond,  i.  G8, 
t.  ii<) ;  Uryol.  Eur.  t.  Oli ;  SuUiv.  1.  c. 

Il.vu.  Kocks,  clay  banks,  naked  soil,  roots  of  trees,  especially  in  moun- 
tainous regions;  very  common. 

A  very  variable  species;  the  leaves  sometimes  erect-open  and  strict  (var. 
orf/ioiihi/lla),  or  interruptedly  tufted  (var.  interruptti,  Schimp.);  capsule 
sometimes  straight  (var.  ortliuairpa),  etc.  It  is  easily  distinguished  from 
tlie  preceding  by  the  bright  color  of  the  glossy  leaves  and  the  yellow  pedi- 
cel of  tlie  reddish  capsule,  wliicli  elongated  when  dry  has  its  orifice  curved 
inward  or  oblique. 

11.  D.  CUrvata,  Schimp.  Loosely  cespitose  ;  steins  shorter 
than  in  the  last  species :  leaves  setaceous,  subulate  from  a  short 
ovate  base,  canaliculate  upwards,  minutely  denticulate  at  the 
apex,  falcate ;  perichajtial  leaves  longer  at  the  oblong  base  :  ca|>- 
sule  erect  or  scarcely  inclined,  oblong,  distinctly  striate,  sym- 
nu'trical;  lid  large  at  the  higldy  convex  base,  less  narrowly 
subulate;  teeth  regtilarly  bifid  to  the  middle;  annulus  broader. 
—  Hryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  13 ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  106, 1. 15,  F.  JJicmnum 
curmtum,  Hedw.  Sj).  Muse.  132,  t.  31  ;  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  61. 

IIab.  On  sandstone,  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania  (7'.  ('.  Porter);, 
White  Mountains  (James).    Very  rare. 

22.  DIORANUM,  ITedw.  (PI.  1,2.) 
Plants  large,  once  or  many  times  dichotomous.  Stems  radio 
nlose  at  base  or  all  covered  with  a  coating  of  radicles.  Leaves 
spreading  or  secund,  rarely  papillose,  lanceolate-subulate  or  long- 
lanceolate,  with  a  solid  semi-terete  more  or  less  dilated  costa ; 
cells  of  the  areolation  linear-oblong  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
leaves,  long  and  generally  very  narrow  toward  the  base,  enlarged 
quadrate  and  sometimes  inflated  and  colored  at  the  angles  ;  peri- 
cha3tial  leaves  more  or  less  sheathing.  Flowers  moncecious  or 
dioicious.  Capsule  erect  or  cernuous,  with  a  regular  or  rarely 
strumose  collum.  Operculum  subulate-beaked.  Teeth  of  the 
peristome  bifid,  purjDle  at  base. 


^■fi! 


:!f! 


>i,il! 

i.''i 


m 


n 

m 
ill 

m 


M 


I 


im 


68 


UUYACE.E. 


[Dicranum. 


#  Plants  small^   tniniy  yellow:    capsule  short-jyedicellate,   en- 

larf/ed  at  the  orifice  when  dry ;   teeth  very  hyyroscojnc, 
radiate-spreadlny  when  dry. 

1.  D.  fulvellum,  Smith.     ^fonfToious:  clensoly  imlvinatc ; 

Htoins   hU'ikUt,   1    c.  in.   loiifjj :    loaves   falciite-socund,   concave, 

oMonjj;  at  base,  Hulmlatc-canaliculato  to  the  obscurely  serrulate 

apex  ;   costa  percurreiit ;    perieha'tial  leaves  sheathing  to  the 

middle,    lanceolate,    long    setaceous-tubulose    above :    capsule 

small,  ovate-oblong,  erect  or  slightly  ccrnuous,  with  a  short 

eipiail  collum,  smooth,  constricted  under  the  broad  orifice  when 

<lry ;  lid  obli(juely  short-beaked ;  teeth  split  into  two  unequal 

long-subulate  segments;   annidiis  double.  —  Fl.  Brit.  ill.  1209  ; 

Schimi).  Syn.  77 ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  141,  t.  19,  G.     Arctoa  fulvella^ 

Bryol.  Eur.  t.  8G;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  19. 

1 1  An.  On  wet  black  soil  in  alpine  regions,  and  in  fissures  of  rocks; 
hlj^liest  mountains  of  New  England  and  New  York. 

*  *  Plants  laryer^  many  times  dichotomoiis,  prostrate  at  base : 

leaves  close^  falcate:  capsule  cernuous  with  strumose  collum: 
flowers  monoecious. 

2.  D.  Starkii,  Web.  &  Mohr.  Plants  green,  ccspitose: 
leaves  setaceous-subulate  from  an  ovate-lanceolate  base,  entire, 
falcate-secund,  cris])ate  when  dry ;  cells  of  the  areolation  linear 
nearly  to  the  base,  square-inflated  at  the  angles :  capsule  cylin- 
drical-oblong, more  or  less  arcuate,  obscurely  striate ;  lid  subu- 
late, long-beaked  ;  annulus  double,  large.  —  Bot.  Tasch.  189  ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  64;  Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  144,  t.  20,  C. 

II AB.  Alpine  regions,  in  fissures  of  rocks  and  on  the  ground ;  White 
Mountains  (Oafces,  Janies,)\  Rocky  Mountains  {Lrummond,  Muse.  Am. 
n.  83). 

3.  D.  falcatum,  Iledw.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its  more 
compact  growth,  the  leaves  more  regularly  and  strongly  falcate, 
<lark  green  passing  to  black,  obscurely  denticulate  at  the  apex, 
not  crisjiate  when  dry,  with  alar  cells  smaller  and  scarcely  or 
not  at  all  inflated :  the  capsule  is  shorter,  thick,  inflated  or 
gibbous,  not  striate,  with  a  shorter  pedicel ;  peristome  dark 
purple ;  annulus  simi)le,  narroAver.  —  Sp.  Muse.  150,  t.  32 ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  65  ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  143,  t.  20,  B. 

Has.    Same  as  the  preceding. 

4.  D.  Bl3rttii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  loose,  dusky  green ; 
stems  erect,  divided  into  fragile  slender  branches :  leaves  erect 


Dicranum.] 


BRYACEiE. 


69 


at  base,  sprcadinpf,  floxuous  or  8ul»8ocun<l  above,  l.uu't'olatu- 
Kultuliiti',  t'ntiiT,  shorter  arid  iiarrowi-r  than  in  the  two  luvccdinsr 
Hpc'cios,  very  thinly  costate  ;  alar  cells  larije,  inflated ;  ])eri('hu}- 
tial  leaves  lon^-sheathini^,  shorter  pointed :  eapsule  smaller, 
cernuous  or  ineurve<l,  not  jjfibbous  but  stnunose,  snio<»th;  ti-eth 
of  the  periHtoine  narrower:  male  flowers  near  the  base  of  the 
innovations,  not  close  to  the  perichiutium  as  in  both  the  preced- 
in<Jt  species. —  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  03.  JJ.  iSc/iisti,  Lindb. 
11 AU.    iSaiue  as  tho  preceding. 

*  *  *  Plants  cespitose,  tomentose:  areolation  injtoted  <it  the 
basal  angles:  Jlotcers  diucious  ;  pen't'/nrtiufn  sheathituj : 
capsule  erect,  lon(/-ovate  with  a  short  ef/nal  collton  ;  pedicel 
p((le,  twisted  to  the  le/l  ichen  dry  ;   teeth  iiarroifer. 

f).  D.  Strictum,  Schleich.  Plants  })ale  or  yellowish  ujreen : 
leaves  rij^id,  very  brittle,  lanceolate-subulate,  canaliculate  above  ; 
alar  cells  very  larj^e,  orange :  teeth  dark-orange,  irregularly 
bifid  ;  annulus  very  narrow.  —  Schwajgr.  Supj)!.  i.  188,  t.  43 ; 
Hryol.  Eur.  t.  0(3. 

IlAn.  Decayed  trunks;  Lake  Superior  {Arffiaslz)',  Little  Slave  Lake 
{M(icoun);  Fort  Colville  (Lijall)',  Northwestern  Montana,  and  on  Kettle 
Ikiver  and  at  Spokan  Falls,  Washington  Territory  (  IWitson);  mountains 
of  California  (Bulaiider). 

0.  D.  montanum,  Iledw.  Plants  densely  and  widely 
ccspitose :  leaves  soft,  spreading  or  slightly  secund,  crispate 
when  dry,  lanceolate-subulate,  concave,  serrulate,  slightly  pajul- 
lose  on  the  back  and  green  above,  i)ale,  smooth  and  loosely 
areolate  in  the  lower  part ;  alar  cells  small,  tawny  ;  ])erich<'etial 
leaves  abruptly  subulate :  capsule  pale,  obscurely  striate ; 
annulus  rather  large. —  8p.  Muse.  143,  t.  35  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  07. 

Hau.     On  decaying  trunks,  northern  and  mountain  regions;  rare. 

7.  D.  viride,  Schimp.  Plants  pulvinate  and  ccspitose : 
leaves  brittle,  open-erect,  lanceolate-subulate,  canaliculate,  thick- 
costate ;  areolation  rectangular,  short  in  the  upper  part,  larger 
and  hyaline  from  the  middle  downward,  brown  at  the  angles ; 
perichaitial  leaves  abruptly  subulate :  capsule  oblong,  erect 
or  slightly  curved.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Suppl.  Dicranum,  1,  t.  1. 
Campylopiis  viridis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Ani.  n.  72 ; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  103,  and  Icon.  Muse.  30,  t.  18. 

Hab.  Trunks  of  prostrate  trees  in  dense  woods;  not  rare  in  the  North- 
ern States,  but  not  yet  found  in  fruit. 


M 


I  ' 


'11' 


i 


'•.!--(il 


I'tj 


P 


li 

m 


!1 


70 


DIIYACE.H:. 


[Dicramim. 


H 


M 


H.  D.  flagellare,  lTt'<lw.  Tufts  comimct,  bri^lit  ^iven ; 
Htt'iiiH  Mliort,  ))r<Mluciii<^'  from  tin;  axils  of  tho  upjK'r  li'jivt's  stiiall 
sIciuliT  fiii^'ucious  hniiiclik'ts  (,ffot/ttltf)  with  very  sMinll  n]*- 
pressed  hnicteal  leaves:  stem-leaves  laneeolate-suhiilate,  con- 
cave, (lenticiilate  at  the  apex,  suhsecund,  the  upper  twisted  when 
dry;  costa  broad,  compressed:  capsule  lon^'-cylindrical,  striate, 
somewhat  plicate  when  dry.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  1,  t.  1  ;  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  <)S  ;  Hraithw.  I.  c.  lor),  t.  liJJ,  C. 

Var.  SUbfluitans,  Aust.  stems  immorsed,  lont^er,  slender; 
leaves  more  distant.  —  Hull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  5U4. 

Haii,  Decuyoil  trunks  in  deep  wooc's,  very  conunon.  Tho  variety  in 
depressions  of  Hat  rocks;  New  York,  sterile  {Auntiii). 

9.  D.  fulvum,  Hooker.  Plants  dusky  yellow  or  brownish 
preen,  loosely  cespitose;  stems  solid,  curved  down  at  base: 
leaves  spreadinjjf,  tlexuous  or  falcate-secund,  tufted  at  tlu'  apex, 
erispato  when  dry,  narrowly  ovate  at  base,  j^radually  lon<jf-seta- 
ceous-subulate,  canaliculate  to  tho  denticulate  apex :  ca)»sulo 
short-pedicellate,  cylindrical-oblonuj,  brown  or  black,  plicate 
when  old;  aniiulus  double,  narrow.  —  Muse.  Exot.  t.  149.  D. 
inter,  /jttum,  IJrid. ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  09 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
2-2.     ISyrrhopodon  Ci)  liauei,  Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  74. 

II AH.     Sliaded  saiidstono  rocks  In  liilly  regions;  not  rare. 

.Tutlginsr  from  the  tleseription  of  the  autlior,  Syrrhopodon  liaiiei 
differs  from  ihls  species  In  heing  less  robust,  the  leaves  shorter  and  less 
crowded,  the  areolar  ion  less  enlarged,  the  costa  not  as  strong,  the  male 
flowers  terndnal.  These  are  the  characters  of  the  yoimg  plants  of  D.J'iil- 
vioti,  the  leaves  being  sliorter,  less  crowded,  and  of  a  more  delicate  texture. 
Tlie  male  flowers  are  always  terminal,  only  puslied  aside  each  succeeding 
year  by  the  new  innovations,  the  tufted  leaves  at  the  tops  of  tlie  innova- 
tions giving  the  stems  an  Interrupted  appearance. 

10.  D.  longifolium,  Iledw.  Tufts  soft,  pale  or  whitish 
preen,  glossy ;  stems  arched  and  geniculate,  slender,  slightly 
radiculose :  leaves  long,  falcate-secund,  rarely  spreading,  open 
at  the  short  lanceolate  base,  constricted  into  a  very  long  sub- 
tubulose-subulate  point,  serrate  above  on  the  borders  and  the 
back ;  inner  pericha»tial  leaves  convolute  and  sheathing  to  near 
the  apex :  capsule  cylindrical,  erect  or  slightly  curved,  not  stri- 
ate, yellowish  brown;  pedicel  reddish  in  the  lower  part. — 
Muse.  P'rond.  iii.  24,  t.  9 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  72;  Braithw.  1.  c.  158, 
t.  24,  B. 

Var.  strictius,  Aust.  Stems  longer,  more  rigid,  immersed  ; 
leaves  shorter,  erect.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  344. 


Dlcranum.] 


DUYACE^E. 


71 


Var.  pluxnosum,  Lc'8(|.  HypMoid-pIinnoso  in  nspoct ;  tufts 
very  Ioomu;  hIi'iiim  mostly  MiiiipN',  without  radicU'M:  Icavt's  louijt'r, 
narrower,  open,  tIcxuouH  or  falcate,  denticulate  on  the  honlers, 
rupowe  on  tlie  back.  —  JHcrdnodontimn  nitidntH^  ,]i\u\vn^  \\\\\\. 
Torr.  Chih,  vi.  :J4. 

II AU.  Kucks  niid  biirk  of  livhif;  troos,  Ww  boorh  OHponinlly,  In  hiiI>- 
alpiiK!  r«>};lun!i;  nut  ran^  in  tlit;  Adlroutlark  nuuuitains.  Var.  Htrirtiim,  lii 
dt'pressioiiJt  on  flat  rocks,  with  tlu!  varlnty  of  It,  jUujvHarc  (AuHHn)\  var. 
plitinoHiiin,  al  Dlxvillu  Notcli,  Nuw  Hampshire,  undttr  a  dam  (,huuvn). 

11.  D.  albicans,  IJrueh  &  Sehimp.  IMantu  ih'nscly  cespi- 
tose,  yellowish  j^reen  when  moistened,  whitish  when  «lry  ;  stems 
stout  and  very  lonjjf,  thii'kly  tomentose :  leaves  erect  or 
slinhtly  turned  to  one  side,  oMoufjf  at  hase,  narrowly  lanceolate- 
acuminate,  nearly  tubulose  l)y  the  incurving  honlers;  eosta  very 
broad,  eidar^ed  at  base  and  Hllin|;f  the  whole  leaf  except  a  nar- 
row border;  outer  pericluutial  leaves  sijort-shcathinij;  at  base, 
abruptlv  lanceolate-subulate  and  broadlv  cost  ate,  the  inner  Ionic- 
sheathintjf,  ecotitate  :  capsule  lonj;,  cylindrical,  smooth  ;  beak  of 
the  lid  as  lonuj  as  the  capsule,  narrowly  subulate;  teeth  lar;j;e, 
densely  striolate,  papillose  above,  connate  at  base,  bifid  and  per- 
forated to  the  middle;  annulus  sim|»le,  large. — IJryol.  Kur. 
t.  7.'}.      (  \unp>jh>pn8  tShttwli,  Wils. 

ILvn.     Subalpine  and  arctic  regions;  Nortliwestern  America  (/>(H<(7;a.s). 

*  #  *  #  IHiints  of  lanje  size,  radicitlose-toniCHtose  to  the  base 
of  the  hiffhest  i/mooatio/is  :  leases  Umf/,  more  or  less  cunuid, 
lanceolate-Hubtdate,  glossy  ;  areolation  of  tlui  basilur  utujles 
broadly  quadrate:  Jlowers  dioecious ;  male  buds  often  2>ro- 
duced  on  small  animal  plants  from  the  2)rothalliHm  and 
mixed  in  the  felt  of  radicles:  capsule  lony,  cerniiouSy 
arcuate. 

12.  D.  elongatum,  Schwaecfr.  Plants  in  compact  yellow- 
ish jifreen  tufts ;  stems  very  long  and  slender :  leaves  open-erect 
or  subsecund,  lanceolate-subulate  from  an  enlarged  oblong  base, 
very  entire,  smooth  ;  costa  narrow,  vanishing  in  the  apex ;  cells 
of  the  areolation  very  narrow,  enlarged,  quadrangular  at  the 
angles:  capsule  cernuons,  gibbous-ovate,  8ul)striate,  furrowed- 
}>licate  when  empty  ;  pedicel  pale,  comparatively  short ;  lid  ])ale, 
long-subulate,  rostrate  from  a  conical  base ;  annulus  8imj)le,  nar- 
row. —  Suppl.  i.  171,  t.  43 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  76.  2>.  Macomii, 
Aust.,  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  96,  sterile  specimens. 


II'. 


I  I  ■ 


:i''iii 


i'il 


72 


nRTArE.f: 


(/i/r-niHum. 


^'ar.  orthoCftrpuXUi  Schimp.  IMantN  blonder :  IciivfU 
MhorttT,  cnu't;  riijtHuU'  hiiiiiII,  crrcl. 

IIaii.  lloK"  mill  tliitnp  rockn,  lit  alpiiio  and  Kii)>iilpit)i>  n>^it>iiM;  Mount 
Marry;  WliiU;  M(»iintiiinN;  Northt-rn  hIioh^a  of  l.iiko  Supfrior  ( .t{/(iMvi/i); 
Kocky  MDUnlaluH  {Di'itiiiinoml)]  Vunooiivcr  IhIiukI  (Mhidkii). 

\>i.  D.  fuscescenSi  Turn.  IMantn  loosi'ly  cospitosc,  vnri- 
ul)lo  in  Hizf,  Nlciidor  or  roltiist:  leaves  more  or  less  tul'tetl  at  tlu? 
topH  of  the  iimovatiouM,  He<Mm<l  or  Mexuous,  pale  ^^reeii  or  tawfiy 
yellow,  slightly  twisted  in  the  upper  part  when  dry,  narrowly 
laneeolate-suhulate,  coneave ;  cost."  Hat  and  broad;  cells  of  the 
areolation  minute,  rounde<l-<|uadratu  in  the  tipper  part  of  the 
leaves,  lon^  and  narrowly  rectanLjular  from  the  middle  down- 
ward, even  to  the  hmv,  near  the  costa,  enlar<j;ed,  ipiadrate  and 
yellow  at  the  aiii^les;  pericluetial  leaves  sheathlni;,  abruptly 
Hhort-suhulate  pointed:  caly|ttra  larjije,  white:  capsuK'  ovate- 
oblonj;,  more  or  less  turt;i<l,  inflated  at  the  colliim,  striate,  fur- 
rowed when  dry  ;  lid  pale,  lonix  subulate-beaked ;  teeth  irrejxu- 
larly  split  and  perforated;  annulus  narrow.  —  Muse.  Ilibeni.  (10, 
t.  f).  J>.  ('0H(/i'f<ti(tti,  IJrid.  Muse.  Recent.  Suj>pl.  i.  17(5;  IJryol. 
Kur.  t.  77  ;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  V.  States,  l>-2. 

Var.  longirostre,  Schimp.  Leaves  narrower,  crispate  when 
dry,  Hubserrulato  at  the  apex :  capsule  shorter,  ovate,  turbid, 
distinctly  striate;  lid  with  a  longer  slender  beak.  —  J),  hmyi- 
rofifrt',  Scliwaeji^r. 

Var.  flexicaule,  Schimj).  Stems  lonjj,  decumbent,  genicu- 
late or  Hexuous,  without  radicles :  leaves  falcate  secund :  cajv 
sule  long-pedicellate.  —  J).  Jlexicaule,  IJrid. 

Var.  angUStifolium,  Schimp.  Plants  short,  densely  tufted : 
leaves  erect,  narrow,  blackish  or  dull  green. 

IlAn.  On  rocks  and  decayed  wood,  very  common  in  mountainous 
regions  and  very  variable.  The  above  described  varieties  and  sonieotliers 
less  marked  have  been  observed  in  Nortli  America.  Tlie  species  is  rare 
in  California.  A  variety  witli  leaves  papillose  on  the  back  has  been  sent 
from  tlie  redwoods  of  that  State  by  Bolander. 

14.  D.  Muhlenbeckii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  densely 
cc8j)itose  and  tomentose,  dark  green,  passing  to  black  when 
old ;  stems  long,  erect :  leaves  crowded,  spreading,  flexuous, 
twi8ted-crisi)ate  when  dry,  lanceolate-subulate,  concave  or  sub- 
tubulose  above,  denticulate  toward  the  apex,  smooth  on  the 
back,  loosely  areolate  toward  the  base ;  alar  cells  not  inflated 
nor  enlarged,  orange-colored ;   inner  pericha3tial  leaves  long* 


Die  ran  Mm.  I 


3KYACE.E. 


73 


tulmloHo,  abruptly  sliort-siilmlatf :  cnpstilo  croct,  ryliiulrifjii, 
Hulmrt'iuit*',  Mt'iirci'Iy  Htriiitc,  on  »  lon^  Miraw-colortMl  |u'(lici'l ;  lid 
Hhortcr  tliaii  in  tlu*  l.iHt  HpccicH,  ()l)li(|iu> ;  anniiliis  narrow.— 
Uryol.  Eur.  t.  7S.  Camjii/iajnin  /iduciy  AiiMt.,  (."«»ult.  IWjt.  (laz. 
1  I'M 

11. VII.  Kootn  of  trtoH  in  thu  Kooky  MounlaluH  (/v.  Hull};  Santa  F*c, 
New  Mexico  (I'Vinllrr). 

IT).  D.  rhabdocarpum,  Snlliv.  CloNily  allied  to  the  pn- 
(M'dini;,  it  differs  in  the  plants  heinij  siinjde  or  rarely  divided  hy 
innovations,  the  leaves  laneeolate  or  slii^htlv  snluilate  or  linear- 
laneeolate,  acuminate,  open-ereet  or  suhseeund,  crispatc  when 
<lry,  the  inner  perieluetial  leaves  narrowed  into  a  lon^  thonj^- 
shaped  point,  thu  ea|»side  narrower  eylindrieal,  ereet,  snhstru- 
nioso  or  inllate<l  at  the  loni^  eolluin,  stronj^ly  striate  especially 
when  ilry,  polished,  the  long  straight-beaked  li<l,  the  teeth  palu 
red  and  more  regular,  the  annulus  large  and  suhrevoluhlu. — 
Mem.  Am.  Aoad.  n.  wer.  iv.  17*J,  t.  JJ. 

II AH.  Same  as  tliu  Inst;  Hocky  Mountiiiiis  (E,  Hull,  Downit:)]  Mt. 
Gralium,  Arizona  (I{i)tlirock)',  iSiinta  Fu  (FemUcr). 

1(5.  D.  fragilifolium,  Lindh.  Plants  densely  eespitose ; 
stems  slender,  ereet :  leaves  erect,  strict,  brittle  and  generally 
broken  at  the  apex,  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  from  the 
base'into  a  long  setaceous  point,  very  entire,  glossy ;  cells  of 
the  areolation  (juadrato  above,  rectangular  belo>v,  tilled  with 
greenish  yellow  chlorophyll,  i)eUucid  and  enlarged  at  the  angles  ; 
l»erich{etial  leaves  convolute,  sheathing,  constricted  into  a  setar 
ceons  j»oint :  capsule  ovate,  striuto  by  dark  lines  to  below  the 
orifice,  furrowed  when  dry ;  lid  with  a  subulate  curved  pale 
beak ;  teeth  entire  to  above  the  middle,  bifid,  not  perforated 
above ;  annulus  simple,  revoluble.  —  Schimiiu  Syn.  89,  and 
Bryol.  Eur.  Suj>pl.  JJicranum,  2,  t.  2. 

II AB.    Vancouver  Island  (Macoun,  1875). 

*  17.  D.  SCOparium,  ITedw.  In  loose  yellowish,  rarely  green 
tufts;  stems  solid,  generally  long:  leaves  secund  or  falcate, 
rarely  erect,  more  or  less  tufted  at  the  top  of  the  innovations, 
linear-subulate  from  a  lanceolate  base,  sharply  serrate  and  undu- 
late (m  the  borders  in  the  upper  part ;  costa  compressed,  fur- 
rowed and  denticulate  on  the  back  tow.mi  the  apex  ;  areolation 
rectangular  in  the  upper  part,  narrower  and  vermicular  toward 
the  base,  large,  quadrate,  orange-colored  at  the  angles :   male 


rr—m— iPirr* 


BRYACE^. 


[Dlcranum. 


"M 


plants  produced  in  buds  in  the  felt  of  radicles :  capsule  long^ 
cermious,  rarely  erect,  cylindrical,  somewhat  incurved,  arcuate 
when  dry,  soli<l ;  lid  convex  at  base,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
strong  beak,  as  long  as  the  cai)8ule  ;  i)eristoine  solid,  dark  red  ; 
annulus  none.  —  Fund.  Muse.  ii.  92;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  75;  Braithw. 
1.  c.  146,  t.  21,  A.     Brytim  scopariutn,  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1117. 

Var.  squarrOSUm.  Leaves  broader,  reHexed-scjuarrose,  the 
pcricluetlal  costate,  with  a  longer  flexuous  dentate  ])oint :  cai>- 
pule  narrower.  —  Z>.  scopariimi,  var.,  Sulliv.  tfc  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.- 
Am.  Exsicc.  n.  CO. 

Var.  paludosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  light  green ; 
plants  long,  robust :  leaves  large,  rugulo?  \  Much  like  JJ. 
palu<losH))i,  and  often  coTifounded  with  it. 

Var.  pallidum.  Plants  and  leaves  j)ale  green  ;  cells  of  the 
areolation  long  and  vermicular,  irregularly  walled  ;  ])erich{ctial 
leaves  rounded-sinuate  above  :  capsule  cylindrical,  very  arched. 

—  IJ.  2Mllidum^Mnc\]r,  not  Bruch  &  Schimp.  JD.  scoparium^ 
var.,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c,  n.  61. 

IIab.  Saiuly  ground,  roots  of  trees,  rocks,  etc.,  plains,  hills  and  moun- 
tains; very  common  and  variable.  The  first  variety  on  granite  rocks  in  the 
Alleghany  Mountains,  Pennsylvania;  the  second  in  bogs,  Northern  Ohio, 
etc. ;  the  last  in  woods  in  level  districts. 

18.  D.  majus,  Turn.  Somewhat  like  the  preceding,  but 
easily  recognizable  by  the  dark  green  color  of  the  long  slender 
loosely  and  irregularly  cespitose  ])lants,  which  are  sometimes 
scattered  amoig  other  mosses,  by  the  much  longer  narrower 
more  distinctly  falcate  glossy  leaves,  and  the  shorter  soft  green 
caps.iles  turning  to  black  when  old,  with  sliort  pale  pedicels 
generally  aggregated  two  or  more  in  the  same  pericha3tium. 

—  Muse.  Ilibern.  59,  t.  4  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  85. 

IIab.  Deep  woods,  in  subalpine  and  northern  regions;  rare  in  America. 
Sitka  {liischoff);  Port  Discovery,  Washington  Territory  (Pickeri)uf). 

In  the  aggregation  of  two  or  more  capsules  in  the  same  perichietium 
this  species  resembles  D.  DrummomU,  but  it  is  al  once  recognized  by  its 
long  slender  stems,  tlie  falcate  narrow  leaves,  tlie  color  of  tlie  plants,  etc. 

*****  Plants  of  great  size,  thickhj  tomentose-radiculose  : 
leaves  long,  glossy,  transversely  rugose  ;  costa  Jlat :  male 
buds  originating  in  the  tomentmn,  rarely  0)i  sepaixtte 2)lants. 

19.  D.  palustre,  La  Pyl.  Widely  cespitose ;  stems  slender, 
yellowish  green :   leaves  open-erect,  obscurely  undulate  above, 


Dicranum.] 


BRYACE.E 


75 


lliioar-lanceoliito,  serrate  on  the  back  and  on  the  borders,  nar- 
rowl}'  costate  to  below  the  apex ;  areolation  narrow,  enlarged 
and  broadly  reotanijular  at  the  base  and  the  angles;  perichietial 
leaves  tnbulose,  abruptly  narroAved  into  a  short  jH)nit :  capsule 
ovato-obloiiij,  erect  or  slightly  cernuous,  striate,  struinose  at  the 
eolluni,  tawny  yellow;  pedicel  slender,  somewhat  flexuous, 
yellowish  above,  pale  red  below ;  lid  pale  red,  long-subulate ; 
annulus  none.  —  Hrid.  Hryol.  Univ.  i.  814 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  71). 
JJ.  JioHJeani,  DeXot.;  Braithw.  1.  c.  140,  t.  21,  B. 

Var.  Brewerianum,  Lesq.  Leaves  narrower,  scarcely 
undulate,  falcate-sccund ;  cells  of  the  areolation  longer.  — 
Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  7. 

ILvn.  Peat  boijs  of  Nortliorn  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania  (Lesquereiix)', 
Lake  Winnipeg  (liounjeau);  Vancouver  Island  {Mucoun).  The  variety 
in  mountains  of  California  [lirewvr). 

A  rare  or  rarely  observed  species,  resembling  a  variety  of  T).  scopariiim, 
but  dilTering  in  iho  slender  erect  stems,  the  soit  leaves  loosely  areolate  at 
base,  the  inner  perichieiial  leaves  short-apiculate,  the  short  pale  soft  dis- 
tinctly striate  capsule,  etc. 

20.  D.  Schraderi,  Web.  &  Mohr.  Tufts  wide,  compact, 
yellowish  green ;  stems  often  very  long,  erect :  leaves  close,  erect, 
aj  (pressed  and  subsecund,  the  uj)per  bright  green,  the  lower  yel- 
lowish, lanceolate,  obtusely  pointed,  dee)>Iy  undulate,  shar])ly 
dentate  on  the  back  and  borders  from  the  middle  upward  ;  cells 
of  the  areolati(jn  small,  rhomboidal-quadrate  and  obscure  in  the 
u])j)cr  part,  l<mg  and  narrowly  rectangular  toward  the  base, 
abruptly  much  dilated  and  orange-colored  at  the  angles  :  caj)sule 
slightly  longer  than  in  the  last  s])ecies,  more  obscurely  striate ; 
])eristome  small;  amiulus  simi)le,  narrow.  —  Crypt.  Germ.  177; 
Schwaegr.  Sup])!,  i.  16G,  t.  41  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  80. 

Hab,     Common  in  peat  bogs;  mountains  and  cold  regions. 

21.  D.  Spurium,  Iledw.  Robust,  loosely  ces|)itose,  straAV- 
color  or  yellowish  green  ;  stems  erect  or  decumbent,  brittle : 
leaves  interruptedly  tufted,  the  lower  short,  ovate-lanceolate, 
concave ;  the  upper  longer,  lineai-lanceolate,  undulate  from  be- 
low the  middle  upward,  rugose,  papillose  on  the  back,  serrate  on 
the  border  and  on  the  subpercurrent  costa ;  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion small,  ovate-quadrate  and  obscure  in  the  upper  part,  nar- 
rowly linear  in  the  middle  and  down  to  the  base  near  the  costa, 
round-quadrate,  enlarged  and  dark-colored  near  the  angles; 
perichaetial  leaves  tubulose,  shortly  subulate-pointed  :  fruit  soli- 


i^''^' 


HI 


I 


!!' ; 


'■Mil 

'■fpl 


fwrn 


76 


BRYACE^. 


[Dicranum, 


h  ^' 


tary :  ca[)sule  oblong  or  subcylindrical,  incurved,  striate,  deeply 
furrowed  and  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  annulus 
double.  —  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  82,  t.  30  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  81 ;  Braithw. 
1.  c.  151,  t.  22,  A.  U.  pallidum^  Bruch  <&  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
i.  {Dlcramtm)  39. 

Var.  condensatum.  Stems  short,  densely  tufted :  leaves 
shorter,  broader,  rigi<l,  very  close,  open  when  dry.  —  IJ.  con- 
deitsdtnm^  He<lw.  Spec.  Muse.  130,  t.  84.  1).  spwiuni,  var., 
SuUiv.  &  Lescj.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsiec.  n.  68^. 

Hah.  Shaded  sandy  ground;  the  variety  iu  dry  sandy  places  or  hills,  es- 
pecially in  southern  districts;  not  rare. 

22.  D.  Drummondi,  Muell.  Plants  closely  and  widely 
cespitose,  bright  green  above;  stems  rol>ust :  lower  leaves 
spreading  or  recurved,  the  ujiper  seeund  or  falcate,  twisted  at 
the  aj)ex  when  dry,  oblong,  concave  in  the  lower  part,  lanceo- 
l.ate-subulate,  convolute  or  canaliculate,  denticulate  above ;  costa 
broad,  vanishing  with  or  below  the  apex,  (Knliculatc  or  ])apil- 
lose  in  the  upper  ]>art;  cells  of  the  areolaliou  oval-obloug,  very 
small  toward  the  apex,  oblong  or  broadly  linear  in  llic  middle, 
abruptly  much  enlarged  below,  round-cpiadrate,  reddish  brown, 
filling  the  whole  tumescent  subauriculate  base:  capsules  aggre- 
gated, short-j)e(^icellate,  cylindrical-oblong,  incurved,  slightly 
inflalcd  at  base,  (leej)ly  furrowed  and  constricted  under  the 
orifice  when  dry;  teeth  distantly  articulate,  split  to  near  the 
base,  regular;  aunulus  large,  simple.  —  Syn.  i\Iusc.  i.  35G,  in 
part;  Sulliv.  JMosses  of  U.  States,  23,  and  Icon.  Muse,  Suppl. 
48,  t.  33;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsiec.  (ed.  2),  n.  88; 
Lindb.  Adnot.  Bryol.  in  Bot.  Notis.  18G5,  78  and  79. 

Hah.  Shade  of  pine  woods,  New  Jersey;  subalpine  regions  of  New 
York  and  New  England ;  eastern  slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  not  rare. 

•\  23.  D.  undulatum,  Turn.  Plants  in  loose  wide  disjointed 
tufts ;  stems  thick,  very  tomentose :  leaves  spreading-subscpiar- 
rose,  the  terminal  involute  or  seeund,  pale  green,  oblong-ovate 
toward  the  decurrent  base,  linear-lanceolate,  very  undulate 
above,  sharply  denticulate ;  costa  narrow,  bilamellate  on  the 
back  and  serrate  ;  areolation  pale,  loose,  enlarged  at  base  :  fruits 
clustered:  caj)sule  long-cylindrical,  arcuate,  obscurely  striate; 
lid  with  a  very  long  subulate  beak;  annujus  narrow.  —  Muse. 
Hib.  59 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  82,  83. 
IIab.     Shaded  swampy  ground ;  plains  and  mountains;  common. 


Caiiij^ylttpm.] 


BRYACE.E. 


77 


23.  DIORANODONTIUM,  Bruoh  &  Schimp.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  densely  ce8j)itose :  stems  slender,  toiiu'iitose,  diohoto- 
mons  or  fastigi;vtely  branehing.  lA'aves  spreading  or  falcate- 
secund,  rigid,  long-setaceons  subulate  from  a  lanoiolate  base, 
glossy;  costa  enlarged,  filling  the  whole  narrow  i)art  of  the 
leaf;  basilar  areolation  rectangular,  hyaliiu',  enlarged  and 
brown-eolored  at  the  angles.  Flowers  diieeious.  Calyptra 
large,  eucullate,  entire  at  base.  Capsule  oblong  or  cylindrical, 
soft,  not  striate  or  plicate  when  dry,  erect  on  a  long  flexuous- 
arched  pedicel.  Lid  convex  at  base  with  a  long  acicular  beak. 
Peristome  attached  deej)  below  the  orifice  of  the  capsule,  of  16 
narrow  teeth  cleft  to  near  the  base  into  two  linear  unecpial 
segments,  distantly  articulate,  striolato  to  the  apex,  conniverit 
at  ajx'X  when  moistened,  oi)en  when  dry.     Annidus  non3. 

1.  D.  longirostre,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  soft,  jellowish 
green  above  the  thick  reddish  brown  tornentum:  leaves  easily 
detache<l,  sliixhtlv  sheathine:  at  base,  serrate  or  entire  at  the 
aj)ex,  smooth  on  the  back  ;  alar  cells  inflated,  hyaline  or  reddish, 
filling  the  whole  base  on  both  sides  of  the  costa.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  8S.     J)i'(li/?)todon  loiif/irosfrKm,  Web.  &  Mohr,  Tasch.  15.5. 

II All.  On  sandstone  rocks;  A.'legliany  Mountains  (Siilllvant);  Southern 
Ohio  (Les(iHcrcu.c),  sterile. 

24.  OAMPYLOPUS,  Biid.     (PI.  1.) 

Aspect  of  Dicrafiion.      Leaves  broadly  costate;  areolation 

enlarged,  hyaline,  brown-tinted  at  the  often  excavated  angles; 

costa  sulcate  or  smooth  on  the  back.     Flowers  di(ecious.     Ca- 

lyptra  eucullate,  ciliat-j  at  base.      Ca}>sule  symmetrical,  solid, 

generally   striate.      Lid     subulate-lx-aked.      I*eristorae    as    in 

TJlcrdfuan.     Annulus  large,  simple  or  compound. 

As  the  peristome,  ciliate  calyptra,  and  thick  texture  of  the  annulated 
capsule  are  the  essential  characters  which  separate  this  genus  from  tlie 
last,  and  as  the  plants  are  generally  found  sterile,  it  is  often  difficult  to 
determine  tiieir  reference  to  Dicranndontiiim  or  to  Cnwpylnpn.H.  As  also 
the  characters  of  the  leaves  of  both  genera  are  variable,  the  American  spe- 
cies, all  described  from  ster'e  specimens,  are  subject  to  criticism.  The 
descriptions,  however,  are  made  upon  good  and  generally  numerous 
specimens. 


s|i:  :::!a: 


78 


BRYACE.E. 


[Campy  lopus. 


1.  O.  flezuOSUS,  Brid.     Tufts  flattened,  rigid,  bright  green 

above,   reddisii    totnentosc   below :    leaves   crowded,    open   or 

turned  to  one  side,  solid,  lanceolate-subulate,  serrulate  at  the 

apex,  deeply  excavated    at   the  angles;   costa  smooth  on  the 

back :  capsule  oblong-ovate  or  elliptical,  costate  when  dry ;  an- 

nulus  large,  simi)le.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  409;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  89; 

Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  132,  t.  18,  F. 

Had.  Shaded  rocks,  on  Grandfather  Mountain,  North  Carolina  {Sidli- 
vant);  steriie. 

2.  C.  Tallulensis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Tufts  yellowish  white, 
glossy  outside,  brown  within ;  stems  simjjle  or  dichotomous, 
sparingly  radiculose  toward  the  base :  leaves  open-erect,  close, 
narrowly  lanceolate  from  a  somewhat  decurrent  not  excavated 
base,  concave,  serrate  at  the  apex  ;  costa  percurrent ;  basal  cells 
very  large,  broadly  quadrangular,  inflated,  light  brown.  — 
Muse.  Bor.Amer.  n.  78'';  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  27,  t.  17. 

Had.     Wet  flat  roclts,  on  tlie  rlver-banlcs  at  T.illulali  Falls,  Georgia. 

Compared  with  tlie  last,  it  clearly  ditfers  in  tlie  pale  yellowish  green 
color,  the  exactly  linear  leaves  sub-decurrent  and  not  excavated  at  the 
angles,  with  larger  inflated  basilar  cells,  and  the  costa  not  entirely  fllling 
the  leaves  at  the  apex,  but  bordered  by  a  band  of  the  lamina. 

3.  0.  introflexus,  Bridel.  Plants  yellowish  green  above, 
brown  below;  stems  short,  erect:  leaves  appressed,  erect-open, 
narrowly  lanceolate,  canaliculate  above,  constricted  into  a  long 
liyaUne  denticulate  hair-point  straight  or  geniculate  at  base 
when  dry;  costa  broad,  three-fifths  of  the  width  of  the  leaves 
at  base,  lamellate  on  tlie  back ;  basal  cells  large,  orange-colored, 
the  medial  longer,  narrower,  rectangular  and  hyaline.  —  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  472  ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  135, 1. 19,  C.  Dicmntim  introflexum^ 
Hedw.  Spec.  Muse.  147,  t.  29.  C.  leucotrichus^  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 
Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  73 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  19, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  28,  t.  17. 

Had.    Dry  sandy  rocks,  Raccoon  Mountains,  Alabama  {Lesqxiereiix). 

4.  0.  Leanus,  Sulliv.  Plants  more  or  less  densely  cespitose, 
short,  straw-color,  tawny  below ;  stems  radiculose  to  the  apex, 
branching  by  slender  capitate  fasciculate  innovations :  leaves 
crowded,  open-erect,  rarely  subsecund,  linear-lanceolate,  subu- 
late, not  decurrent  at  base ;  costa  broad,  flat ;  areolation  linear- 
oblong,  the  cells  only  slightly  larger  toward  the  base,  not 
enlarged  at  the  angles ;  abortive  leaves  fondling  compact  tufts 
of  linear  thickish  fleshy  filaments  like  a  d',rormity  produced  by 


Campylopus.] 


BRYACE^. 


79 


insects.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  19,  and  Icon.  Muse.  29,  t.  18. 
/Si/rrhopo(tjn  J^eiiuutt,  Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  17*J. 

IIah.  On  much  decayed  logs  or  soft  woody  earth  In  forest  swamps  of 
the  Middle  States  and  westward;  not  common. 

5.  O.  Hallii,  Les(j[.  Plants  in  compact  pale  green  glossy 
tufts ;  stems  short,  '2  cm.  long,  many  times  diehotomous,  tomen- 
tose  to  the  apex  :  leaves  strict,  rigid,  linear-lanceolate,  tubulose, 
very  entire  at  the  ai)ex,  and  smocjth  throughout ;  costa  very 
broad,  covering  the  whole  lamina  except  two  sinall  auricles  at 
base  comj)osed  of  a  few  colored  inflated  cells.  —  Porter  &  Coult. 
PMora  of  Colorado,  155. 

II AU.     High  ridges  of  tlie  Colorado  Mountains  (E.  I  fall). 

Iles«Mnbling  C.  hri'vlpes  (Scluiup.  Bryol.  Eur.  Suppl.  (.'aiiipi/lnpun,  t.  2), 
but  differing  in  the  broader  costa,  and  the  leaves  constricted  at  base  into 
short  obtuse  auricles  with  one  or  two  rows  of  colored  cells. 

6.  0.  frigidus,  Lesq.  1.  c.  Rescjublos  the  preceding  species 
in  the  broad  dilated  costa,  but  differs  in  the  longer  narrower 
leaves,  slightly  denticulate  at  the  apex,  open,  flexuous  when  dry, 
and  scabrous  on  the  back ;  alar  cells  round. 

IlAn.     Same  as  the  last  {E.  IIull). 

7.  0.  SUbleucogaster.  Plants  loosely  cespitulose,  dirty 
yellow;  stems  short,  slender,  simple  in  the  lower  part,  divided 
at  the  aj)ex  into  short  capitate  branchlets  com|)osing  a  crispate 
bristly  tuft :  lower  leaves  minute,  erect,  the  conial  longer,  ovate- 
acuminate  with  a  flat  broad  nerve  passing  up  to  a  gradually 
narrowed  canaliculate  subulate  strict  point,  serrulate  at  the 
apex;  basilar  cells  large,  pellucid,  regularly  hexagonal,  with  a 
few  smaller  quadrate  inflate  1  yellowish  ones  underneath,  the 
alar  numerous,  very  loose,  brownish-colored,  pellucid,  slightly 
excavated ;  pericha'tial  leaves  much  larger,  sheathing  or  convo- 
lute at  base,  loosely  reticulate,  with  a  long-flexuous  more 
coarsely  subulate  point.  —  Dicranurn  subleuco(/aster^  Muell. 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  50. 

Had.     On  wet  clayey  groiuid;  Mobile,  Alabama  (Mohr). 

This  species  differs  from  the  European  Dicranum  leucof/aster,  Muell., 
in  the  more  flexuous  thiclrer  longer  hairy  stems,  the  alar  cells  whitish  and 
loose,  and  the  others  smaller, 

8.  O.  Donnellii.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its  tawny  green 
color,  the  leaves  more  open,  subfalcate,  longer  and  more  abruptly 
narrowed,  often  spinulose-serrate  and  whitish  at  the  apex,  the 
costa  narrower,  etc.  —  Dicranum  Donnellii^  Aust.,  Coult.  Bot. 


1 1  If . 


)  !;  !i. 


,1  -' 


80 


BRYACEyE. 


[Campylopna. 


Gaz.  iv.  150.    Dicrannm  sulleucogastery  Aust.  Muse.  Appal. 
Exsicc.  Supj)!.  1,  n.  47i  f 

II AU.     Soutliern  Florida,    ominon. 

9.  0.  Virginicus.  Plants  widely  ccs])itose,  tawny  gi'cen ; 
stt'iiis  Hliort,  tlc'xuouH,  wloiuler,  nearly  ecpially  foliate:  leaves 
strict,  ereet-open,  abruptly  long  setaceous-subulate  from  a  8ul>- 
cjuadrate-ovate  base,  canaliculate,  minutely  serr.ate  on  the  mar- 
gins; costa  broad,  striate,  scabrous  on  the  back  or  subserrate 
••It  the  a|)ex ;  cells  of  the  areolation  oblong  and  oval,  hyaline, 
rlioniboidal-oblong  or  linear  toward  the  middle,  smaller  above, 
the  basal  much  enlarged  ;  some  of  the  ai)ical  leaves  brittle, 
truncate  from  a  narrower  base,  deciduous,  more  convolute,  longer 
and  gradually  acuminate,  entire  and  smooth  on  the  back,  with 
cells  shorter,  hyaline,  the  basilar  scarcely  different  and  the  costa 
not  distinct  from  the  lamina. — Uicramim  Virffimcumf  Aust.f 
Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  iv.  150. 

IIah.     Biackwater  Falls,  West  Virginia  (/.  Donnell  Smith). 

From  the  remarks  of  the  author,  the  slender  stems  are  about  2  m.m. 
long,  the  young  ones  clothed  with  a  delicate  entangled  white  tomentum. 
About  one-half  of  the  expanded  portion  of  the  leaves  is  composed  of  large 
hyaline  cells;  ascending  along  the  costa,  these  gradually  become  chloro- 
phyllose  and  smaller,  while  toward  the  margin  they  become  much  nar- 
rower and  longer;  the  basal  cells  although  much  enlarged  are  not  inflated, 
and  there  appear  to  be  no  true  alar  cells;  the  lamina  rarely  extends  to  tl\e 
middle  of  the  subulate  portion  of  the  leaf. 

10.  0.  gracilicaulis,  ^litt.  Stems  slender,  1  or  2  c.  m.  long, 
simjile  and  radiculose  in  the  lower  part:  lower  leaves  closely 
appressed,  the  upper  tufted,  longer,  spreading,  narrowly  lanceo- 
late-acuminate from  an  elliptical  base;  costa  covering  a  third 
part  of  the  lamina  and  distinct  to  near  the  apex;  V)order8  in- 
curved, slightly  denticulate  above;  lower  cells  loose,  oblong, 
l)ellucid,  gradually  shorter,  rhomboldal  above ;  inner  ]>erichaB- 
tial  leaves  long,  convolute  at  base,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a 
narrow  subulate  hyaline-denticulate  point :  capsule  immersed  in 
the  comal  leaves,  oval,  equal,  scabrous  at  base :  caly])tra  fim- 
briate.—  .Tourn.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  83. 

Had.    South  Florida  {Amtin). 

11.  C.  angustiretis.  Very  like  the  preceding  species  in 
aspect,  differing  in  the  lower  leaves  less  aj)])resscd,  the  cells 
much  longer,  sublinoar,  the  alar  dirty  red,  much  contracted.  — 
Dicranum  angustiretis^  Aust.,  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  iv.  150. 

Hab.    With  the  preceding  species  and  probably  a  variety  of  it. 


J    It 


Fissidens.  ] 


URYXCEM. 


81 


SuHTuiuE  I.  — FISSIDENTE.E. 

Stems  frond iforni.  Leaves  distichous,  conduplicato  below, 
aliite  oil  the  back,  the  upper  part  expanded  hito  a  vertical  simple 
lannna  with  a  perciirrent  or  excurrent  costa ;  arcolation  small, 
chloroi)hyllose.     Operculum  and  peristome  as  in  JJicraniun. 


25.  FISSIDENS,  Hedw.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  simple  or  sparingly  iM'anched.  Flowers  gemmiforin, 
terminal  or  axillary.  Calyptra  cucuilate  or  mitriform.  Ca|)- 
sule  cernuous  or  erect.  Teeth  of  the  jieristome  horizontally  in- 
curved when  dry.  Annulus  narrow.  Spores  small,  smooth.  — 
jSiito])/ti/llu)n,  La  Pyl. 

*  Monveciotis.     Fruit  and  flowers  termina/,  or  rarely  lateral, 
•«-  Joints  less  than  one  c.  m.  long. 

1.  P.  Closteri,  Aust.  Plants  ijreoarious,  very  minute  or 
stemless :  male  tlowers  attached  to  the  base  :  leaves  periduetial, 
the  lower  very  small,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  the 
upper  at  least  twice  as  large,  the  lanceolate  lamina  Jibout  ecjual 
to  the  ovate-plicate  base;  costa  cndnig  below  the  apex  ;■  arco- 
lation (pia<lrate-oblong,  equal :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  oti  a  thick 
j)ediccl ;  lid  with  a  long  conical  beak,  entirely  covered  by  the 
calyptra;  teeth  long,  reflexed  ;  annulus  indistinct.  —  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  V.  21  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Sui)pl.  44,  t.  'JO. 

II An.     On  tlie  sronnd,  near  Closter,  N.J.  (yl ««<«»). 

Sinaller  than  F.  <\rills,  its  nearest  congener,  and  distinguished  by  its 
shorter  leaves,  the  blade  almost  obsolete. 

-.  P.  bryoides,  Ilcdw.  Plants  small,  gregarious :  leaves 
with  a  lingulate-ianceolate  lamina,  bordered  all  around  by  a 
])ale  rounded  margin  either  coiinivent  at  the  apex  with  the 
shortlv  excurrent  costa,  or  endiiiL!,'  below  the  minutclv  serrate 
apex;  |)erigt)nial  leaves  bro.'id-ovate  at  base,  erose  on  tlic  borders 
below  the  abruptly  narrowed  short  a])ical  lamina:  male  flowers 
In  numerous  axillary  pedicellate  buds:  ca])sule  erect,  oblong- 
ovate;  annulus  very  narrow,  indistinct.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  (57, 
t.  29,  excluding  fig.  10;  Ib'yol.  Eur.  t,  101;  Braithw.  Brit. 
Moss-Fl.  i.  71,  t.  10,  E. 


til 


i£ 


I"- 


\i 


'  '.i| 


82 


BIIYACE.E. 


\Fi>*nill(llH. 


Var.  CSBSpitans,  Schiinp.  Plants  loosely  cospltosc,  mmli 
lon^^cr,  branching  by  innovations;  lamina  narrow,  tlu'  bonU-rs 
and  costa  disappearing  below  the  minutely  serrulate  ape.v. 

II Alt.  Shaded  gi'uund ;  often  cuvim'mil;  llit;  earth  of  tlowur  puts  in  I'un- 
servatories;  the  variety  at  News  liiver,  Wlille  Muuiilains  (llcf.  I).  I). 
Allen). 

H.  F.  inCUrVUS,  Schwaegr.  Plants  very  slender  and  small : 
leaves  linear  or  oblong-laneeolate,  apieulate,  with  a  very  narrow 
border  vanishing  toward  the  apex;  costa  terminating  below  the 
obscurely  erose  apex  or  excuirent  in  a  shar|>  point:  capsule 
horizontal  or  obli(jue,  rarely  erect,  small,  oval.  —  ,Sup|>l.  ii.  5, 
t.  4U ;  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  1)9  ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  09,  t.  10,  C  JJia'anian 
iucnroKtn,  Web.  &  JMohr. 

II A«.     Shaded  rocks  and  on  sandstone  in  streams;  not  rare. 

According  to  Sdiiinper  tlie  species  is  not  distinctly  dcHned.  Tlie  only 
essential  character  is  tlie  terminal  position  of  the  male  (lowers.  Austin 
asserted  that  he  had  found  a  form  of  it  with  axillary  male  llowers,  which 
seems  to  indicate  that  it  is  a  mere  variety  of  J*",  bri/oideti. 

4.  F.  inconstans,  Schimp.  Sinular  to  F'.  incurvus  in  size 
and  aspect;  plants  generally  simj)le;  leaves  8  to  10  jtairs, 
linear-lanceolate,  acute;  borders  narrow,  hyaline,  continuous  to 
near  the  slightly  serrulate  apex  ;  dorsal  wing  entire,  narrowed 
to  the  base  and  there  confluent  with  the  i)ellucid  costa,  which 
ends  below  the  apex :  flowers  synoecious  or  moncecious, 
antheridia  and  archegonia  numerous  and  terminal,  without  jtara- 
l)hyses,  or  the  male  buds  axillary  in  the  lower  leaves  of  the 
fruit-bearing  })lants:  calyptra  sj>lit  to  near  the  apex;  capsule 
cylindrlc-oval,  erect;  lid  conical,  rostellatc,  nearly  erect. — 
Syn.  Muse.  (ed.  2),  114.  JT.  syiioicus^  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  103. 

Hab.     San  Marcos,  Texas  (  Wrirjhi). 

The  author  remarks  that  the  species  is  very  inconstant  in  its  mode  of 
fructification,  which  is  sometimes  terminal  and  cladogenons,  sometimes 
axillary,  and  that  the  capsule  is  smaller  than  in  F.  incurvits,  of  which  it 
may  he  a  variety.  In  the  Texan  si)ecimens  we  have  generally  found  tlie 
flowers  tonninal  and  syna'cious,  but  sometimes  with  axillary  buds  near 
the  base  of  the  fertile  plants.  The  stems  are  stronger,  the  leaves  shorter 
and  bro.ader,  and  the  areolation  smaller  than  in  F.  incurvus.  It  is  re- 
ferred to  F.  hryoides  by  Braithwaite. 

5.  F.  limbatus,  Sulliv.  Plants  small:  leaves  8  to  10  pairs, 
oblong,  acummate,  with  a  thick  costa  ending  below  the  a|)ev 
and  a  pellucid  border  gradually  enlarging  from  near  the  a])ex  to 


FiHfiidcnii,  I 


BUYACEvE. 


88 


the  base  of  the  auiicles ;  nreolatioii  mlmiti'-HulMniadrate  hclow, 
looHe  and  ani^ularly  rouiidi'd  in  the  lamina:  Howers  nioiid'ciouH, 
the  male  <;emmiform,  axillary:  caiisiile  un(M|uaIly  oval,  HvAt- 
cernuouH;  teeth  split  to  near  the  ba8(>,  much  iiiHexed.  —  Pacif. 
R.  Hep.  iv.  IHA,  t.  I. 

Hau.    Near  Sum  Fraticisco  ( lUgelow). 

Coinparaljle  to  F.  hri/iti'lfs,  from  which  It  differs  in  tlic  oernuous  cup- 
sule,  tlie  deeply  .split  tuetii,  tiiid  especially  the  pellucid  entire  luurgin, 
v^bich  becoiues  very  broad  at  the  base  of  the  aurirtes. 

•«-  -t-    Plants  of  larger  size. 

6.  F.  craSSipes,  Wils.  Plants  '1  to  4  c.  m.  lon<» ;  leaves 
close,  Hol't,  linjjjulate-acuminate,  une(pially  marjjfined,  the  border 
enlarged  below  to  the  middle  of  the  aiirielt's,  disappearing  to- 
ward the  base  and  below  the  slightly  crenulate  apex  ;  costa 
thiek,  siibpercurrent :  flowers  terminal ;  male  buds  on  basilar 
branchlets :  capsule  nearly  erect,  oblong-oval,  strongly  con- 
stricted V)el()W  the  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  short-beaked  ;  pedicel 
tliick,  reddish  toward  the  base,  yellowish  above  ;  segments  of 
the  teeth  distinctly  papillose ;  annulus  minute.  —  IJruch  ifc 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Va\\\  t.  100.  7'\  incnrvus,  var.  ('r((ssij)es,  Schimp. 
7*^.  virklultts,  var.  tnujor^  Wils.  Bryol.  Brit.  JJOvJ,  t.  58,  It. 

HAn.     On  wet  rocks;  not  rare  in  Europe. 

The  species  is  adn>itl.?d  on  the  authority  of  Jaeger's  Fiaaidentaccai,  n. 
77.     We  have  seen  no  American  specimen  of  it. 

7.  F.  Floridanus,  Lesq.  «fc  James.  Plants  of  about  the 
same  size  as  in  the  prece»bng,  branching  from  the  base,  brown 
in  the  lower  i)art,  bright  green  above :  leaves  <lensely  crowded, 
the  up])er  slightly  scythe-shaped,  plicate  to  above  the  middle, 
minutely  erose-denticulate  at  the  apex,  surrounded  below  by  a 
somewhat  large  i)ale  border;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex; 
areolation  minute,  hexagonal,  narrower  and  less  distinct  in  the 
lamina,  which  is  prolonged  on  the  back  of  the  auricles  and 
al)ruptly  cut  at  base  :  flowers  monoecious ;  the  male  terminal  on 
somewhat  long  lateral  branches  ;  the  pericluetium  on  a  short 
radiculose  branch  from  the  mi(hlle  of  the  stem,  bearing  one 
or  rarely  two  fruits;  ])ericha?tial  leaves  loosely  areolate,  with 
broad  auricles  narrowly  alate  to  the  middle,  abruj)tly  narrowed 
above  into  a  short  lamina  :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  cenmous,  on  ;i 
thick  reddish  pedicel ;  lid  large,  long-beaked.  —  Proc.  Am 
Acad.  xiv.  137. 

Hab.     Florida  (Garber). 


I'       !' 


'4 


i^^^ill 


^Mvf^ 


m 


fr" 


^pp 


84 


HUYA(  E/K. 


[FiHMiilrnn. 


CompnriMn  to  F,  f>Hiuunilnhlf»,  UvAw.,  from  which  it  diflfcrs  In  tlie 
iii()ii<i>cii)iis  iiilloroscoiico,  thu  Hcrrululu  apex  uf  the  luavus,  uiul  thu  iitiimlo 
hi-xii^oiiiil  ai't'oliilltiit. 

H.  P.  ventricOSUS,  LrMcj.  IManls  r<»lmst,  looM'ly  and 
v\i<h'ly  (H'spito.sf,  lu-aily  Mack  tliroiiulKMit,  dark  ^roeii  only  at 
the  to[)  uf  till!  i-cccnl  innovatioiiH,  generally  inuni'i'Ni'd ;  htcnis 
two  {'.in.  lontf  or  more,  bran('lini<j;  ♦Vorn  tlu;  base,  radicidoMc  in 
tilt' axils  of  tlu!  leaves:  leaves  close,  erect-open,  cultriforni,  pli- 
cate and  ventri(rose  to  the  middle,  bordered  by  a  thick  smooth 
marj^in  continent  at  the  apex  with  the  tliick  costa,  wliicli  is  ex- 
current  into  a  blunt  point  or  rarely  vanishini^  lielow  it;  areola- 
tion  minute,  ovate-ijuadrate  or  irrciifularly  polyj.?onaI :  flowers 
terminal:  cilyptra  laruje,  cucullatt' :  capsule  vi'ry  shortly  pedi- 
cellate, sublmmersed,  erect,  obovate,  narrowint^  and  confluent 
into  the  pedicel,  dark  «;reen  ;  lid  short,  coni(^al,  obtuse;  teeth 
large,  erect :  spores  larj^e.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  7  ;  SuUiv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Sui.pl.  45,  t.  30. 

IIau.     On  subiiuM-utMl  rooks,  Mendocino  City,  California  {Itolnnilcr). 

Kpecios  conii)arablc  to  F.  riifulux,  Hrucli  it  Schinip.,  from  which  it 
differs  in  the  more  obtuse  thick-niarj^lned  leaves,  etc. 

#  )c   Flowers  (liwcious. 
•»-  I*lants  minnfe. 

9.  P.  hyalinus,  Wils.  &  Ilook.  Grei^arious ;  stems  2  or  3 
m.m.  long,  simple :  leaves  3  or  4  ])airs,  very  soft,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  interruptedly  narrowly  niarginate,  ecostate,  ])licato 
to  the  middle,  with  a  broad  margin  gradually  narrowed  to  the 
base ;  meshes  of  the  areolation  large,  hexagonal,  hyaline- 
jiellucid  :  fertile  fU)wer8  terminal,  the  male  not  seen  :  calyptra 
subcylindrical,  covering  the  beak  of  the  lid  :  ca]>side  oblong, 
erect,  enlarged  at  the  orifice,  short-pedicellate ;  teeth  re<ldish, 
solid,  closely  articulate.  —  Journ.  Bot.  (1841)  iii.  81),  t.  2;  SuUiv. 
Muse.  Alleghan.  n.  180,  Mosses  of  U.  States  24,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
34,  t.  21. 

II AH.  Moist  rocky  ledges  at  Bank  Lick,  near  Cincinnati  (T.  G.  Lea)\ 
clay  banks  near  Painesville,  Ohio  (//.  C.  Bearddee);  very  rare. 

10.  P.  exigUUS,  Sulliv.  Gregarious,  pale  green  :  leaves 
4  to  G  |)airs,  oblong-lanceolate,  obscurely  short-acuminate,  entire, 
not  margined,  plicate  to  the  middle  ;  dorsal  lamina  gradually 
narrowed  and  vanishing  at  base  ;  costa  flexuous,  subjiercurrent : 
male  and  female  plants  similar  :  flowers  termmal :  <'a})sule  erect, 


F/»«/'J''n/i. 


nUYACK/E. 


h:> 


(»l»l<>iis<-<>v:il,  ii;irnt\v»'«l  nii<l  confluent  1<>  llic  pcilicd  ;  li<l  rus- 
tfllMtc ;  to'tli  split  to  tlu'  niiildU'. —  .Miisc.  AIN-uli.  n.  \X'2  \ 
Mvu\.  Am.  Acji.l.  n.  scr.  iii.  (U),  t.  l',  U;  Moss.-s  cf  [' .  Si.itrs  -Jl 
an<l  10;J,  and  Icon.  Miisc.  UO,  t.  'S-\.  /•'.  inrtirrKs,  \ar.  i,rii/m/n, 
Aust.  Miisc.  A|)|i:il.  n.  !(>;{. 

IIaii.     On  st(>ii<>9  in  iiiuInI  nnd  sliiulfd  rnvlncs,  ilry  diiinncU  of  hruoks, 
etc. ;  coininon. 

11.  F.  luiuutulUS,  Sulliv.  Si/c  iuu\  nspcct  of  the  Inst  : 
leaves  4  to  10  pairs,  linear-ol)Ionif,  lanceolate  to  llic  apex,  l»or- 
•  lered  by  a  narrow  niai';^in  up  to  the  KJiuiitly  stTinlate  apex,  the 
auricles  broadly  niar^^iued,  and  the  <lorsal  lamina  exlendini;  to 
helow  the  tniddle  ;  ('<)sta  j)ercurrent :  ealy]»tra  shorter,  scarcely 
reachint;  the  hase  of  the  operculum:  capsule  oval-ol»lontr ;  oper- 
culum loiijjfer-heaked  than  in  the  preceding;' species  ;  tt-eth  dark 
red,  eleft  to  below  the  middle  into  lonu  linear-^ranulose  scirments. 
—  Muse.  Alleiih.  n.  ISii;  Mem.  Am.  Acad.  n.  wor.  iii.  r»H,  i.  'J,  .V; 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  24,  and  Icon.  ^fusc.  .'JT,  t.  24.  /•'.  hri/ol<k»^ 
Hook  tfe  Wils.  in  ])runun.  Muse.  Am.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  .'!'.►  and  4(K 
J'\  i)icin'iut.%  var.  tnhnitiilns^  Aust.  Muse.  Appal,  n.  lO'J. 

II AH.     Moist  rocks  in  woods;  dry  dianni'ls  in  woods,  on  stoufs. 

12.  P.  Hallii,  Aust.  Si/e  of  F.  inrin'i'ufi,  from  which  it 
difft  rs  in  the  crenulate  iinmarijinate  leavi-s,  the  lonsjer-beaki'ddid,. 
the  calyj)tra  not  eleft  and  scarcely  descending:  to  the  base  of  the 
beak,  and  the  did'cious  inHorescence.  —  C'oult.  Dot.  (Jaz.  ii.  97. 

II AH.     TiixnaiE.  Hall). 

13.  F.  Ravenelii,  Sulliv.  Loaves  T)  to  1.5  pairs,  erect  or 
curved  on  one  side,  linear-ot)loni]f,  acute,  dose  and  opaque ; 
auricles  jrrolonged  to  the  middle,  broadly  maruinate  and  dis- 
tinctly dentate?  lamina  and  dorsal  winu;  not  mari-ined,  minutely 
denticulate;  areolation  very  dense,  of  miinite  round-ipiadrate 
chlorophyllose  cells *,  costu  fle.vuous,  hyaline:  flowtM's  terminal; 
male  plants  very  small,  with  2  or  3  ])airs  of  leaves:  capsule 
oblouij-erect,  equal,  of  thin  texture,  minutely  [)aj»illose ;  lid 
enlarged  at  base,  with  an  inclined  beak.  —  Mem.  Am.  Acad, 
n.  ser.  iv.  171,  t.  2,  Mosses  of  U.  States  24,  and  Icon.  Muse.  39, 
t.  25. 

Haij.  Damp  bricks  or  earth,  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  {liavenel); 
moist  ground,  Society  Hill,  North  Carolina  (Curtis). 

14.  F.  Donnellii,  Aust.  Leaves  3  or  4  pairs,  not  margined, 
crenulate-serrate  on  the  borders,  papillose,  the  lower  oblong' 


11,1 


>.'''. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


"ks 


.0 


4 

.m 


'^ 


.> 


^*^ 
^ 


H 


1.0 


1.1 


I 


1.25 


liilM    125 

■10  ^™"     WtWt 

m  m 


■  22 


I   hS.    12.0 


U   11.6 


HiotogFaphic 

Sdmces 

CorpcHBtion 


4!p>  ^ 


23  WSST  MAIN  STMIT 

VVIBSTII,N.Y.  14SM 

(716)  •72-4503 


■    f' 


1 


f>  ^?1"1P 


86 


BRYACE^. 


[Fiasidens. 


I.: 


S 


I 


ovate,  the  upper  much  longer,  linear-lanceolate,  plicate  to  the 
middle;  conta  vanisliing  below  the  apex  ;  cells  of  the  areolatiou 
very  small,  each  with  a  single  ])apilla :  pedicel  very  short:  cap- 
sule destroyed.  —  Coult.  IJot.  Gaz.  iv.  151. 

Haii.  Jlase  of  trees  in  a  cypress  swamp,  Caloosa,  Florida  (J.  Donnell 
Smith,  Austin), 

15.  F.  Garberi,Lesq.4fc, Tames.  Gregarious;  plants  simple : 
leaves  4  to  8  [)airs,  slightly  decurrent,  oblong,  the  uj)i)er  four  times 
longer  than  broad,  plicate  to  the  middle  ;  dorsal  wing  gradually 
narrowed  to  the  base ;  lamina  somewhat  broader  than  the  jilicate 
auricle,  blunt  at  the  apex,  rarely  short-acuminate,  crenulate  on 
the  borders  by  doubly  pajnlloso  cells ;  areolation  round- 
hexagonal,  distinct,  that  of  the  perichajtial  clasping  base  of  the 
vaginule  larger,  hexagonal-rectangular,  in  two  or  three  rows : 
capsule  sul>-erect,  oval,  pale  brown,  red  at  the  orifice ;  segments 
of  the  teeth  yellow.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  137. 

Hab.     On  tlie  bark  of  trees,  Florida  (Garher,  J.  Donnell  Smith). 

Tlie  inflorescence  of  tliis  species  is  not  positively  ascertained.  Scliiinper, 
wlio  examined  tlie  specimens  with  James,  found  it  bisexual,  while  Austin 
(Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vii.  5),  wlio  had  specimens  from  Florida  which  he  con- 
sidered the  same  species,  describes  it  as  pseudo-dioecious. 

16.  P.  Texanus,  Lesq.  Plants  dark  green,  turning  to  black : 
leaves  5  to  7  pairs,  curved  at  the  apex,  broadly  lanceolate-acumi- 
nate, with  a  thick  dark  smooth  margin  ascending  to  the  apex  or 
to  near  the  slightly  serrulate  point ;  costa  stout,  percurrent  or 
excurrent  into  a  short  mucro;  dorsal  lamina  broad,  descendinf^ 
to  the  base :  male  and  female  plants  similar :  capsule  long-pedi- 
cellate, oval,  inclined,  rarely  erect,  greenish  brown,  smooth ; 
lid  conical,  short-beaked,  subincurved. — Herb.  Sulliv.  (1850). 

HAn.    Texas  ( Wri(/ht). 

Related  to  F.  incurvus,  but  differing  in  the  dark  color  of  the  plants,  the 
broad  dorsal  wing  descending  to  the  base,  the  broader  leaves,  and  the 
dioecious  inflorescence.  It  diflfera  from  F  flallii,  Aust.,  merely  in  the 
entire  margined  leaves. 

17.  F.  Obtusifolius,  Wils.  Plants  densely  gregarious  or 
closely  aggregated-cespitulose,  bright  green,  simple  or  branching : 
leaves  6  to  12  pairs,  erect  or  turned  to  one  side,  very  entire,  not 
margined,  obovate,  obtuse,  with  a  broad  nearly  round  pellucid 
areolation,  plicate  to  above  the  middle ;  dorsal  lamina  gradually 
narrowed,  ending  above  the  base;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex  :  flowers  terminal :  capsule  thick,  oblong-ovate  or  obovate, 


Fisslilens.  ] 


BUYACE.E. 


87 


sliijhty  contractcHl  uiider  tlie  hnmd  orifice ;  lid  liomisplioricnl, 
couioal-;i|ii('iil:ite ;  teeth  short,  orange  at  base ;  sseginents  I; valine, 
whitish  and  granulose  :  spores  large.  —  Lond.  Jo'.irn.  Hot.  (1^4')) 
iv.  lUG  ;  Suiliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  181,  Mosses  of  U.  States,  '24, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  35,  t.  --. 

IIah.  FrLMjuent  on  wet  drippin;;  sandstono  rocks,  noar  the  water  at 
the  base  of  dams;  noar  Cini-iniiati.  wliere  it  was  first  found  by  Lea  ;  very 
abundant  at  and  around  Sugar  Grove,  Ohio. 

•I-   ••-   l*kitits  hirr/er. 

18.  P.  OSmundoideS,  lledw.  Plants  of  medium  size, 
tomentose,  dark  green,  more  or  less  d(  nsely  tufted :  leaves 
numerous,  hroadly  Ungulate,  slightly  faleate  inward,  rounde«l 
and  aj)ieul:ito  at  the  apex,  minutely  serrate  on  the  borders;  dor- 
sal wing  broad,  narrowing  downward  to  the  base:  flowers 
terminal;  male  j)lants  smaller:  calyptra  plurilobate  at  base: 
capsule  erect  or  slightly  inclined,  oval-oblong,  brown,  solid  ;  lid 
with  a  long  acicular  beak.  —  Spec.  Muse.  158,  t.  40 ;  HryoK  Eur. 
t.  103;  Braithw.  1.  c.  73,  t.  11,  A.  Cono))iitriHm  os)nwi<loiiles^ 
Muell.  Syn.  ii.  526. 

IIab.  On  the  groinid,  the  roots  and  bark  of  trees,  in  swamps  and  peat 
bogs ;  plains  and  niountains. 

19.  P.  decipiens,  DeNot.  Smaller  than  F.  mllantokles, 
which  it  closely  resembles.  Leaves  dusky  green,  close,  linear- 
lanceolate,  plicate  to  the  middle,  minutely  serrulate  all  around 
except  sometimes  at  the  base  of  the  lamina ;  meshes  of  the 
areolation  small :  male  flowers  axillary,  on  separate  plants : 
capsule  short-pedicellate,  small,  sub-erect  when  empty.  —  Epil. 
Bryol.  Ital.  479;  Schimp.  Syn.  Muse  (ed.  2),  118  ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Suppl.  46,  t.  31 ;  Braithw.  1.  c.  76,  t.  11,  D. 

Hab.  On  sandy  soil  and  limestone  rocks;  frequent,  but  hitherio  gen- 
erally considered  as  a  small  form  of  F.  adiantoides. 

*  #  *  Fruit  axillary. 

20.  P.  taxifolius,  Hedw.  Plants  2  or  3  cm.  long,  fascicu- 
late-branching at  base  :  leaves  close,  lingulate-obtuse,  mucronate  • 
by  the  excurrent  costa,  plicate  to  the  middle,  serrate  and  hyaline 
on  the  borders  :  flowers  moneecious,  on  short  basilar  radiculose 
branchlets:  capsule  subeernuous,  inclined  or  pendent,  oblong, 
slightly  inflated  on  the  back,  solid,  dark  broM'n ;  pedicel  long, 
flexuous,  reddish;    lid  long,  narrowly  beaked.  —  Spec.  Muse. 


..>(i 


u 


88 


BUYACE.E. 


[Fists  i  dens. 


L    i 


135,  t.  39;   Biyol.  Eur.  t.  104;   Braithw.  1.  c.   77,  t.   11,  1). 
Jli/j)HH7u  tajc'/oliuin^  Linn. 
II An.     Sliadeil  cliiyey  ground  In  level  districts;  very  common. 

21.  F.  adiantoides,  Iledw.  Plants  3  to  5  cm.  lonj?, 
branc'hinji;  by  radiculoso  innovations  +Voni  the  base  or  the  apex : 
leaves  numerous,  close,  imbricate  at  base,  linear-oblonuf,  abruptly 
acuminate  and  slij^htly  mucron.ite,  ])lieate  to  the  middle;  dorsal 
winuf  long,  continuous,  slightly  decurrent  at  base ;  borders  pel- 
lucid, irregularly  serrulate:  flowers  short-pedicellate,  attached 
to  the  middle  of  the  stems:  capsule  oval-oblong,  reddish  brown, 
much  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  empty;  lid  long- 
beaked. —  Muse.  Frond.  61,  t.  26  ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  105;  Braithw. 
1.  c.  78,  t.  12,  B.     ILfpnnm  adiantoides,  Liim. 

Var.  immarginatUS,  Lindb.  Leaves  without  a  pellucid 
border. 

Hab.  Shady  moist  ground,  wet  rocks,  roots  of  trees,  etc..  mostly  in 
the  plains;  common.    The  variety  at  Boundary  Lake,  Canada  {Ran). 

*  *  *  #  Flmcers  dimciotts  or  unlmovm. 

22.  F.  SUbbasilaris,  Iledw.  Plants  widely  cespitose,  1  or 
2  cm.  long,  green  above,  brown  and  tomentose  below :  leaves 
12  to  15  pairs,  close,  oblong,  short-pointed,  plicate  to  above  the 
middle,  serrulate,  not  margined ;  dorsal  wing  broad,  rounded  at 
the  base ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  more  deeply  serrulate  apex: 
fruiting  buds  rarely  j)edicellate,  attached  near  the  base,  radicu- 
lose ;  male  flowers  unknown :  calyptra  cucullate,  narrow :  cap- 
sule oblong  or  cylindric-oval,  erect,  subcernuous,  scarcely  emerg- 
ing above  the  stems  on  its  short  pedicel ;  lid  long-beaked.  — 
Spec  Muse  155,  t.  39;  Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  184,  Mosses  of 
U.  States,  25,  and  Icon.  Muse  41,  t.  26. 

Had.  Trunks  of  trees,  sometimes  in  dense  tufts;  Xorthern  and  Mid- 
dle States. 

23.  F.  polypodioides,  Iledw.  Plants  of  large  size,  gre- 
garious, radiculose  at  base,  yellowish  green,  glossy,  mostly 
simple,  rigid :  leaves  numerous,  linear-oblong,  abruptly  rounded 
to  a  blunt  point,  entire,  not  margined,  plicate  to  above  the 
middle ;  dorsal  wing  continuous,  rounded  to  the  base ;  costa 
thick,  nearly  percurrent:  cells  of  the  areolation  irregularly 
round,  pellucid :  flowers  dioecious,  the  fertile  attached  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  stems,  the  male  axillary  nearer  to  the  base,  in 
separate  plants :  capsule  on  a  short  flexuous  pedicel,  obovate, 


Conomitrtum. 


BRYACE.E. 


89 


siibpyriforra,  ^jradiially  nuich  enlarged  at  tho  orifice;  li«l  ros- 
trr.te  from  a  hcinispherical  base;  teeth  l»roa<l  and  long;  aiimilu.-j 
large,  revolu')le.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  (>:},  t. '27  ;  Sulliv.  &  Les(|. 
3Iusc.  Bor.-Aiii.  (ed.  1),  n.  "21;  Siilliv.  Icon.  Muse.  43,  t.  27 ; 
Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  8oc.  xii.  585. 

II All.  Louisiana  (Druinmond)',  Floriila  (Chapman);  moist  rocks, 
Georgia  (Lcmiuercaj-);  sterile. 

24.  P.  grandifrons,  Brid.  Plants  large,  dark  green,  fas- 
cienlate-branehing  from  the  base,  rigid  or  jtendent;  branches 
short,  radiculose:  leaves  numerous,  ecjual  throughout,  thick, 
composed  of  multiple  layers  of  cells,  with  a  thick  eosta 
vanishing  below  the  apex,  rigid,  entire,  the  borders  of  the  auri- 
cles only  minutely  crenulato ;  flowers  axillary ;  archegonia 
numerous:  fruit  unknown.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  i.  170; 
IJryol.  Eur.  t.  106. 

II  vn.  Wet  limestone  rocks  near  waterfalls;  abundant  below  Niagara 
Falls;  foiuul  also  in  California  (Bolandcr),  Nevada  (  Watsod),  etc. 

26.  OONOMITRIUM,  iMont.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  slender,  filiform,  fasciculate-ramose,  branching  from 
innovations  the  whole  length  of  the  stems,  or  from  the  base 
only,  floating.  Leaves  distant,  linear-lanceolate,  short-auriculate. 
Flowers  monoecious,  terminal,  on  more  or  less  elongated  branch- 
lets,  the  male  axillary;  fruits  (cladogenous)  on  young  shoots, 
often  numerous  on  the  same  plants.  Calyptra  minute,  conical, 
solid,  covering  only  the  beak  of  the  lid.  Capsule  short-pedicel- 
late, fragile,  erect,  very  small.  Ojierculum  conical-beaked. 
Teeth  laciniate  or  entire.     Annulus  none. 

1.  0.  Julianuri,  IMont.  Leaves  long,  the  lamina  ending 
at  the  auricles  and  three  times  as  long :  male  flowers  sometimes 
aggregate  ;  perigonium  of  two  or  three  leaves:  calyptra  nearly 
black,  erose  or  lacerate  at  base  :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  greenish, 
soft,  red  at  the  orifice,  gradually  narrowed  to  a  short  green 
pedicel,  very  fragile  at  its  base ;  lid  as  long  as  the  capsule ; 
teeth  short,  irregularly  laciniate  or  perforate  above  the  middle, 
yellowish  .at  base,  pellucid.  —  Ann.  Sci.  Xat.  2  ser.  viii.  250. 
Fontinalis  Juliana^  Savi.  Octodiceras  Julianum,  Brid.  Bryol. 
Univ.  ii.  678  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  108. 

Hab.    On  stones  and  branches  in  wooded  creeks  and  swamps. 


p  \m 


Ii) 


1       m 

i 


\  & 


"^m 


!HH 


90 


BRYACE^. 


[Conomitrhim. 


-.  0.  Hallianum,  Snlliv.  &  Lcsq.  Plants  very  small  and 
sk'iidor,  ill  loose  floatini^  dirty  i^reen  sparingly  divided  tufts: 
leaves  distant,  long-linear,  gradually  taitering  to  a  blunt  apex ; 
dorsal  wing  descending  to  the  inid«lle;  areolation  loose,  in 
broader  ovate  angidar  cells,  narrower  toward  the  borders:  tlowers 
terminal  on  long  branches :  calyptra  longer,  descending  to  below 
the  oriHce  of  the  capsule,  split  on  one  sicle :  capsule  longer- 
j)edicellate,  oval-oblong,  with  the  borders  of  the  orifice  flat;  lid 
conical-rostrate,  slightly  inclined,  nearly  as  long  as  the  capsule; 
teeth  long,  entire,  not  cleft  and  without  a  divisural  line,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  ol>scurely  articulate,  yellow,  attached  at  a 
jlistance  below  the  orifioe. — Aust.  Muse.  Appal,  n.  108;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  43,  t.  28. 

Had.  On  decayed  wood  In  wells,  Illinois  {E.  Hall),  fertile;  on  shaded 
rocks,  New  Jersey  (Anatin),  sterile. 


N 


\i  ii 


SuBTRiBE  II.  LEUCOBKYE^. 
Plants  whitish,  spongy  like  Sphagnum^  soft  when  moist, 
brittle  when  dry,  densely  cespitose.  Leaves  close,  composed, 
except  on  the  borders,  of  two  or  three  superposed  layers  of 
large  porous  chlorophyllose  cells  separated  by  a  layer  of  inter- 
cellular simple  narrow  chloro])hyllose  ones.  Calyptra  large, 
whitish.  Capsule,  peristome  and  operculum  as  in  Dicranum, 
or  the  peristome  of  8  short  broad  lanceolate  teeth. 

27.  LEUOOBRYUM,  Hampe.    (PI.  2.) 

Capsule,   peristome    and    lid    as    in    Dicranum.      Flowers 

dioecious. 

1.  L.  vulgar e,  Hampe.  Ramification  dichotomous  and 
fastigiate  :  leaves  oblong-ovate,  half-clasping  at  base,  lanceolate, 
tubulose  from  the  middle  upward :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  with 
a  distinct  substrumose  collum,  slightly  gibbous  below  the  orifice, 
small,  chestnut-color,  black  when  old,  plicate-furrowed  when 
dry ;  lid  long-subulate-beaked,  curved  downward.  —  Linnaea, 
xiii.  42.  Bryum  glauciim^  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1118.  Dicranum 
glaucum^  Auct.  Oncophoriis  glaucus^  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  97  and 
98.  Leucohryum  glaucunif  Schimp. ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  23. 


Octoblepharvm.] 


BHYACE.E. 


91 


II An.  Kr  -ts  of  trcos,  mossy  damp  placos  In  woods,  borders  of  swamps; 
nol  rare.     Fruiting  in  winter  or  euriy  spring. 

-.  L,  minus,  Stilliv.  Plants  Mioro  slctnlor,  scarot'Iy  half  ns 
loHi^  MS  ill  the  last  spocics:  leaves  sh<»rter,  more  crowdecl : 
capsule  smaller  and  pedicel  shorter.  —  flosses  of  V.  States,  24. 
X.  vnh/are,  var.  miitits.,  Ilampe,  1.  c. 

IIaii.  Uuots  of  trees  in  swamps,  more  generally  on  the  ground  in  dry 
woods. 

Frnitlng  from  .Jnne  to  Angnst,  .acoording  to  latitude.  The  time  of  the 
rii>oning  of  the  fruit  is  the  must  marked  ditTerunce  between  this  and  the 
preceding  species. 

3.  L.  sediforme,  ^luell.  Plants  with  few  hraiiclies  :  leaves 
very  short,  densely  imbricate,  sulisquarrose,  exjictly  eiglit- 
ranked,  lanceolate-acute,  very  concave,  entire,  margined  to 
above  the  middle;  j>ericha?tial  leaves  much  lonjjjer  and  nar- 
rower, lon2C-e\'serted,  convolute  :  capsule  loni;-f)edicellate,  short, 
slis^htly  strumose.  —  Syn.  i.  75*  Mitten,  Journ.  Lhin.  Soc.  xii. 

111. 
Had.    Florida  (E.  Palmer). 

28.  OOTOBLEPHARUM,  Ilcdw. 

Plants  densely  cespitose.  Leaves  thick ;  eosta  broadly  enlarged 
at  base.  Calyptra  dimidiate.  Capsule  erect.  Teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome 8,  short,  broadly  lanceolate,  ])ale  yellow,  diaj)hanous. 

1.  O.  albidum,  Hedw.  Stem-leaves  coriaceous,  recurved 
when  dry,  broadly  margined,  lingulate-oblong,  obtuse  or  a]iieu- 
late,  denticulate  at  tb  apex,  unequally  alate  at  base:  capsule 
oval,  short-] ledicellate,  erect ;  lid  jjlane  at  base,  obliquely  subu- 
late-beaked. —  Muse.  Fron<l.  iii.  15,  t.  6 ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  80  j 
Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  109. 

Had.    Florida:  not  rare. 


m 


1 


;*'!!i' 


'  .<{i' 


.:;!*«' 


'■k^m 


II 


SuBTBiBE  in.    CERATODOXTE^ 

Plants  cespitose.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  subulate,  clasping 
at  the  base,  spreading  to  every  side  or  distichous,  strongly  cos- 
tate  to  the  apex ;  areolation  elongated  .and  pellucid  at  the  base. 
Capsule  ovate,  erect  or  inclined,  on  a  long  slender  pedicel. 
Teeth  of  the  peristome  bifid  to  near  the  base ;  segments  long, 
equal,  strongly  articulate,  or  shorter  and  irregularly  divided. 


<     ^'! 


92  BUYACE.E.  [Ccratodon. 

29.  OEBATODON,  JJrld.  (PI.  1.) 
Plants  (lividiiw^  \>y  inuovutioiis  from  uti<It'r  the  jicriflitL'tiiim. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  iiapillose,  or  nearly  siiiootli  in  the  upper  j>art. 
Flowers  dia'eious.  Capsule  ovate-oblong,  striate,  deeply  fur- 
rowe<l  when  dry,  subcernuous.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  eleft  into 
two  equal  strongly  articulate  segments,  papillose  above. 

1.  0.  purpureus,  lirid.  Plants  fastigiate,  branching,  dirty 
or  dark  green  :  leaves  carinate,  entire,  retlexed  ;  borders  opa(jue, 
nearly  smooth  ;  areolation  distinct :  capsule  sliort-necked,  dark 
red,  polished,  horizontal,  quadrate  or  pentagonal  when  ohl  and 
dry;  lid  conical,  short-beake<l ;  teeth  purple;  annulus  large, 
revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  480;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  1«9,  100; 
Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  173,  t.  26,  D.  Mniam  purpiireum^ 
Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1111.  Dicramim  purpureum^  Hedw.  Sj)ec.  Muse. 
136,  t.  36. 

Var.  xanthopus,  SuUiv.  Pedicel  of  the  cai)sule  pale  yel- 
low or  whitish. 

Var.  aristatus,  Aust.  Leaves  narrower,  with  a  long  ex- 
current  eosta :  capsule  and  pedicel  pale  colored.  —  Muse.  Aj)pal. 
n.  117. 

Hab.  Almost  everywhere,  and  extremely  variable.  Var.  xanthopus 
common  in  California;  the  last  on  sandy  barrens  of  New  Jersey  (Austin). 

2.  0.  minor,  Aust.  Differs  from  the  preceding  in  the  short 
stem,  half  a  cm.  long,  the  leaves  lanceolate,  aristate  by  the  long 
point  of  the  excurrent  costa  and  serrulate  toward  the  apex,  the 
capsule  shorter,  the  teeth  narrower,  articulate  only  from  the 
middle  downward  and  very  narrowly  margined.  —  Coult.  Bot. 
Gaz.  ii.  89. 

Hab.    West  of  Frazer  River  (Macoun). 

The  author  compares  it  to  his  var.  aristatus  of  C.  purpureus,  which, 
however,  is  more  robust,  has  the  costa  not  excurrent  into  as  long  a  point, 
and  the  peristome  of  typical  character.  The  difference  therefore  consists 
especially  in  the  more  delicate  texture  of  the  peristome. 

30.  TRIOHODON,  Schimp. 

Plants  small,  radiculose  at  base  only,  subcespitose.    Leaves 

long-subulate  from  an  enlarged  sheathing  obovate  or  oblong 

base,  crispate,  smooth ;  areolation  linear-rectangular,  gradually 

longer  to  the  base.     Flowers  dioecious ;  perichaetiura  sheathing 


Dhtlchlum.] 


BIIYACE/E. 


oa 


Caly|»tnv  long,  narrow.     Cai»Huk'  narrowly  cylindrical,  ri'i^ular 

or  subart'uati',  thin,  smooth.     OptMvulum  short-conical.     Tcri- 

stonie  larj,'c,  imrplc,  with  the  sci^incnts  of  the  teeth  nearly  equal, 

noilose  at  thu  articulations  and  minutely  granulose.     ^Vnnulus 

large,  rcvolublo. 

Kt'lattnl,  liko  Ccrntodon,  to  Dicraniiin  In  llu>  iiiotlo  of  jurowth;  to  Lepto- 
trichuiii  in  the  form  of  ihe  oapsulc  and  siruciun.'  of  llu'  in'rlstouie. 

1.  T.  CylindricUS,  Schimp.  stem  one  cm.  long:  leaves 
flexuous,  s({uarrose,  curling:  ca|»sule  dusky.  —  Coroll.*  80. 
Tric/tostohium  ci/limlricuhi,  lledw.  Sp.  Muse.  107,  t.  24,  tigs. 
7  to  IJJ.  JJUIi/minlon  cifHtHtficus,,  Wahl.;  Sulliv.  &>  Lesij. 
Muiic.  l>or.-Ani.  n.  lOO**  (not  Jiruch  «fc  Schim|». ;  Watson,  IJot. 
Calif,  ii.  300,  exd.  hab.).  Cenitodon  ct/Zi/idricns,  JJryol.  Kur. 
t.  lU'J.     iJitvichum  tenuifoliu)n^\A\\i\\h\  Hraithw.  Brit.  Moss- 

Fl.  i.  97,  t.  14,  E. 

IIau.  On  olil  wood  and  twigs,  CliestcM*  Co.,  Pennsylvania,  fruiting; 
Alit'gliany  County  and  White  Mouutaius,  sterile  {Jaitits);  Nevada 
(\\'atsun)\  Ontario  ( !>/;•«.  Hoy). 

31.  DISTIOHIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimi).  (PI.  2.) 
Plants  densely  cesj)itose,  glossy.  Stems  slender,  repeatedly 
dichotomous  and  fastigiate.  Stem-leaves  exactly  distichous, 
spreading  and  subulate  from  the  half-clasping  base,  broa<lly  cos- 
tate.  Flowers  moncDcious ;  antheridia  enclosed  in  a  perigonium 
of  two  or  three  leaves,  or  more  generallv  free  in  the  axils  of 
the  upper  leaves,  long,  narrow,  with  long  paraphyses;  peri- 
eha}tium  terminal.  Caj)sule  erect  or  subcernuous,  coriaceous, 
glossy.  Lid  conical.  Teeth  linear-lanceolate,  either  nearly 
entire  or  bifid  or  irregularly  lacerate,  punctulate,  reddish. 
Annulus  simple,  large,  deciduous. 

1.  D.  capillaceum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  dense, 
tomentose,  silky  green  above :  leaves  long-subulate  from  the 
clasping  base,  broad,  concave-oblong,  open  and  flexuous,  very 
entire;  perichaetium  of  two  long  sheathing  leaves:  capsule 
generally  erect,  regular,  oblong-ovate,  smooth  (not  furrowed) 
when  dry  ;  teeth  narrow,  irregular,  bifid  or  lacunose. —  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  193.    Bryum  montamtm,  Lom.  Fl.  Fr.  i.  48.     Swartzia 


'li  t- 


!l    ■'  BjlW^ 


J 

I 

I 


?    'i 


I     ! 


1 

i 

j 
1 

1 

94 


BUYACE.E. 


[I)inti>'hiuin, 


ciipilhieca^  Iletlw.  Muse.   Frond,  ii.  7*J,  t.  liO.       Ci/nojitiKlimn 
c<(jnll(tci'n/n,  IIc'ilw. ;  Mitlcn,  Juuni.  Limi.  Soc.  xii.  41.    iSmtrtzia 
inontiinUy  \a\u\\}.\  I)r;iitli\v.  IJril.  Muss-Fl.  i.  lOli,  t.  IT),  1). 
II All.     Culd  iiiiil  siilmlpiiie  regions,  in  liMsiirus  uf  rucks;  nut  niro. 

li.  D.  inclinatum,  nruch  &  Soliimi..  I>i*'f^'f«  f>'»>iu  the 
]»rc'('t'(lin<;  in  its  soft  irri\t;ul:ir  «lark  grcon  tufts;  the  lojivos 
close,  shorter,  more  narrowly  siil)'ilate  atid  minutely  serrate  at 
the  apex ;  the  male  flowers  at  the  hase  of  the  ])erieha'tium, 
which  is  composed  of  three  sheathihj^  leaves;  the  capsule  cer- 
nuous,  shorter  ovate ;  and  the  teeth  broader,  stronjjfly  articulate, 
bifid  or  cribrose.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  11)4.  tSwartzia  i'tclluata, 
Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  74,  t.  '2'  ;  liraithw.  1.  c.  10.'>,  t.  15,  C. 

IlAn.  Northern  shore  of  Lake  Superior  (/I </«.s.s/2) ;  liucky  Moimtuins 
{ Drumiitond) ;  Colormlo  (Dowiiiv);  Uinta  Mountains  (W'atiiun);  Sierra 
Nevada  {liolandvr). 

Tric/iontomnm  (?)  Hcitnlitin,  Austin  (Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  i.  20),  described 
as  small  with  slender  stems,  the  leaves  distichous,  erect,  subsheathing  at 
base,  spreading  and  undulate,  abruptly  linear-canaliculate,  scabrous  and 
papillose,  eiose-serrate  at  tlie  apex,  is  apparently  a  form  of  this  species. 
The  description  is  made  from  sterile  plants  foiuid  on  dry  shaded  lime- 
Stone  rocks  at  the  zinc  mines  of  Odcuburg,  New  Jersey.  The  author 
remarks  that  the  leaves  are  nuich  like  tliose  of  DlKtlcJtlum  incluKilum, 
but  they  are  more  nndulate-tlexuous,  less  solid,  not  so  acute,  and  the 
papillui  of  the  surface  are  larger. 

32.  EUSTIOHIA,  Brid.    (PI.  2.) 

Plants  with  the  aspect  of  Fissidens^  more  or  less  densely 
gregarious;  stems  simple,  rarely  forking,  flat,  radiculose  and 
bulbiform  at  base.  Leaves  distichous,  densely  imbricate,  cari- 
nate-plicate,  erect,  smooth,  glossy ;  costa  thick,  compressed 
toward  the  base  into  a  narrow  lamina,  more  enlarged  toward 
the  apex,  percurrent  or  vanishing  below  the  apex  in  the  stetn- 
leaves,  passing  in  the  floral  leaves  into  a  long  flexuous  lorate 
acumen  ;  areolation  oblong-elongated,  hyaline  below,  quadrate- 
hexagonal  and  chlorophyllose  above.  P^lowers  dia^cious,  ter- 
minal, gemmiform  ;  antheridia  and  archegonia  long,  slender, 
with  few  short  piliform  paraphyses.  Calyptra  cucullate.  Cajv 
sule  oval  or  obovate,  on  a  short  flexuous  pedicel.  Lid  flat,  con- 
vex when  moistened,  obliquely  and  narrowly  rostrate.  Pei'i- 
stome  none. 


BunttchicL  ] 


bUVACEvE. 


% 


1.  E.  Norvegica,  Bri<l.  Plants  one  or  two  cm.  loii<r,  sul»- 
fiexuoiis:  luavc's  sliort-acimiinati';  rosta  vauisliini;  at  or  ln-low 
tho  ajK'x;  |M'ri;x""i"i"  "^  tlirt'o  coiicavt'  loratr-a<'UMiiiiati'  U-avi's; 
])c>ru'liit>tiitm  (listiclioiis,  tlu*  lower  leaves  shorter,  the  ii|»|»er  aixl 
inner  ones  very  lon^^-acuininate,  obscurely  serrate  at  the  apex  : 
calyptra  iarj^e,  (uieuilifonn,  split  three-fourths  of  its  leni^th, 
tipped  with  a  I(>m^  slender  Hexuous  awn  as  loni^  as  the  ealy|»tra: 
capsule  ()I)ovate,  pale  yellow,  re<l-l)or(lere(l  at  the  oritiee,  oldicpje 
or  inclined  horizontally  njion  a  comparatively  thick  pedicel 
(li  m.in.  lon<x)  ;  lid  red  at  its  base,  loni^-jiersistent,  attached  to 
the  columella  an<l  bearing  at  the  bonh'rs  frai^ments  of  tiu'  inner 
membrane  lacerated  in  its  dehiscence, —  IJryol.  Tniv.  ii.  (J74 ; 
Hryol.  Eur.  t.  lOf);  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  V.  States,  '21);  K.  (i. 
Kni<;ht.,  IJull.  Torr.  Club,  x.  00,  ti^^s.  l-().  Phiflhu/oiiimn  Xorve- 
(ficum^  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allejjfh.  n.  4(),  and  Mi'in.  Amer.  Acad.  n. 
fier.  ill.  57,  t.  1.  Jiryozijthiutn  A'arvet/icm/iy  ^litten,  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  xii.  580. 

IlAn.  Not  rare  on  the  shaded  vertical  face  of  sandstone  rocka  in  the 
coal  measures  of  Middle  Ohio  and  Koiitncky,  sterile.  Found  fertile  only 
(July,  188vJ)  in  similar  situations  on  rorks  of  the  Potsdam  sandstone  in 
the  dells  of  the  Wisconsin  lliver  near  Kilbourn  City,  Wisconsin,  by  Miss 
Elizabeth  G.  Knight. 

Two  species  only  of  this  genus  are  known.  The  second,  E.  Suvatcri, 
Ilusnot  (lievue  Hryol.  v.  8.^),  is  from  Japan,  and  has  also  been  found  in 
fruit.  It  differs  mtirely  In  the  shorter  and  broader  stem-leaves,  abruptly 
round-truncate  and  denticulate  at  the  apex,  and  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent 
rough  thick  pointed  costa.  The  pedicel  is  of  the  same  length  and  char- 
acter; the  deoperculate  capsule  is  oval.  The  calyptra  and  the  operculum 
have  not  been  seen. 


SuBTRini:  TV.     SEUGERIE^. 

Plants  minute,  rarely  of  large  size,  gregarious  or  densely 
eespitose.  Leaves  open,  narrow,  lanceolate  or  subulate,  cos- 
tate ;  cellules  of  the  areolation  minute,  quadrate,  larger  at  the 
base,  smooth.  Flowers  gemmiform.  Calyptra  cucullate, 
smooth,  entire  or  3-5-lobate  at  base.  Capside  erect,  subsphcr- 
ical,  with  a  distinct  collum,  gymnostome  or  with  a  peri- 
stome of  16  lanceolate  acute  or  obtuse  or  truncate  smooth  flat 
teeth. 


M 

''(ill 


M 


■I' 


•I  Jj. 


'i 


:  ■  i 


r  h 

i'' 


m 


M 


BUY  ACE. K. 


\Ano>ht». 


33.  ANODUS,  Hruch  &  Srhimj). 

Plants  vory  short,  i^rcj^arious,  Niin)»li'.      lioavrs   lancculatc- 

iiihulatc,  inlmiti'ly  sorratf.     Flowt-rs  luomi'cioiis,  witliuut  |»ara- 

jdiyst's.     Capsuli'    cn-ct,   Muhturhiiritc,   distinctly  wln)rt-ii('«'k»'<l, 

Boft,  thin,  <;yninoHtoint',  inacrostonu'  an<l  I'xannnlatf  ;    jtt'dictl 

Htraii^ht,  i-oniparativcly  U>n<^.     OptTcuhuM  hirj^c,  short-lK-akc*!. 

1.  A.  DouianUS,  Ilrnch  &  Schltn|).  Leaves  (K'e|>ly  i-anali- 
cuhite,  with  a  stronjx  continuous  nerve  mostly  ('oniposini;  the 
n|H'.\  ;  basilar  ceils  of  tlie  areolatioii  rectanj^ular,  empty,  the 
upper  (juachate,  small,  chlorophyllose.  —  Hryol.  Kur.  t.  lOW. 
(j)pnn<tHtotnKHt  DimUiinun^  Smith,  Kni^l.  Hot.  t.  l.'"iS'2.  Sili<jrrhi 
J)<tni(Hia,  Muell.  Syn.  1.420;  JJraithw.  IJrit.  Moss-FI.  i.  110, 
t.  10,  (i. 

II All.     I.inu'sfoiH'  rocks,  Littlu  Fulls,  New  York  (C.  //.  PtfA:);  Owen 
Sound,  Canada  [MnrnHn). 


34.  SELIGERIA,  Urueh  &  Schimp.  (IM.  1.) 
Plants  sli/^htly  more  robust  than  in  the  last  jjfenus.  I^owor 
leaves  ve»'y  small,  distant,  the  uj)j)er  al)ruj)tly  tufted  and  miii  h 
longer,  entire  ;  eosta  stronger  ui>\vards,  semi-terete  or  canail- 
culate.  Capsule  suhglobose,  of  thick  textpre,  tJimid  at  the 
collum,  turbinate  when  emj>ty.  Lid  large  at  tlie  base,  subulate- 
beaked.  Peristo!ne  of  10  broad  solid  teeth,  linear-lanceolate, 
obtuse  or  jwinted,  free  to  the  base,  smooth,  orange,  without 
dividing  lines,  intlexed  when  moistened,  retlexed  when  dry. 

1.  S.  pusilla,  Brudi  &  Schimp.  Plants  very  small,  soft, 
briglit  green,  loosely  cespitose  :  lower  leaves  narrowly  lanceo- 
late, the  uj)])er  long,  narrowly  linear  from  a  broader  concave 
l)aso ;  costa  slender,  vanishing  below  the  apex,  translucent ; 
borders  nearly  entire,  very  narrow,  distinct  to  near  the  apex ; 
))ericha3tial  leaves  half-clas))ing  at  base,  lanceolate,  subulate 
above :  male  flowers  terminal  on  8e])arate  branches  or  sessile 
under  the  perieha?*ium :  capsule  ribbed  when  dry,  on  a  com- 
])aratively  long  strict  yellowish  pedicel ;  lid  oblique,  subulate- 
l)eaked.  — Rryol.  Eur.  t.  110;  Snlliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  «0; 
Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  117,  t.  16,  II.  Weida  jmsilla,  Iledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  ii.  78,  t.  29. 


Srllrjrrlit.] 


nUYACE.'E. 


07 


II.vii.  Slimlivl  limostono  rorku,  St.  Lntiiit,  Missouri  (Druttimnnil); 
I)«vll's  llolf,  lu'iir  Niiigiiift  FiilU  (({.  \y.  t'linton);  \»'\v  Jersey  (  iuntin); 
KfllyV'  Islitinl.  I<iik«>  Krii!  {Lrst/uercux), 

"2.  S.  calcarea,  Ifnich  &  Sdiimp.  DifTtTs  from  tlic  jirc- 
ocdint;  ill  tin*  shorter  aii*l  lirf):i(|t'r  U'.'Ivch,  tin-  lower  laiu'col.ite, 
tlie  upjicr  ovate,  oliloti'^  at  liase,  eoiieave,  alM'ii|ttly  iiarrowetl  to 
a  Hiihiilate  Idiiiit  apex,  the  costa  Mat,  eiilarixetl  iipwanl  ami  till- 
ini;  the  whole  width  ^)i  the  lainina  ;  eajiHule  lari^er,  more  solid, 
with  the  heak  ot"  the  lid  shorter,  and  the  teeth  l>roa(U'r  and 
more  densely  articulate:  s|»oreH  lari^er.  —  Hryol.  Kiir.  t.  110; 
Hraithw.  I.  e.  I'JO,  t.  17,  U.  lirifiitn  rnJnoutnn^  Dicks.  1*1. 
Crypt.      WvUht  <;nh;<n'«'ii,\\v{W  Spec.  Miisc.  <»('»,  t.  xi. 

II A II.     I.lint'stone  rocks,  Owen  .Sound,  Cuiuida  {Mitroun), 

H.  S.  recurvata,  Hmch  &,  Scliim|).  riants  widely  cesjiltose, 
very  short:  upper  leaves  ovaldanceolate  at  hase,  canaliculate 
above,  loiit;-sul»ulate  l)y  the  excurreiit  costa,  entire;  perichatial 
leaves  sheathiiii^,  tnhnlose  at  base,  Iance(»late-snluilate,  flcMious 
above:  capsule  siib^lobose,  inflated  at  the  collnm,  thin,  loosely 
areolate,  red  at  the  orifice ;  pedicel  htiii;,  yellowish,  arcuate 
when  moistened,  erect  when  dry;  lid  straii^ht,  subulate-beaked  ; 
teeth  lim-ar,  obtuse  or  lanceolate,  sometimes  irreu^ularly  bifid  at 
the  apex.  —  Hryol.  Kur.  t.  112.  (irhnniUi  rec'ff.rcata,  Ifedw. 
Muse.  Froijd.  i.  10*2,  t.  88.  tS.  setacea,  Lindb.;  Hraithw.  1.  c.  121, 
t.  17,  C. 

Var.  arcuata.  Leaves  shorter  ;  pedicel  sli<;htly  arched.  — 
Weisid  SeliijcH^  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  n.  0<). 

II AU.  Devil's  Hole,  Niagara  {L'linUm,  Mrs.  Hoy);  limestone  rocks, 
Easton,  Penn,  (James);  the  variety  on  the  molusse  of  Lake  Winnipeg 
(Dnnnniond). 

4.  S.  tristicha,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  rijjfid  and  cespi- 
tose,  short,  branchinif:  leaves  distinctly  three-ranked,  close, 
rigid,  eHii)tical,  whitish  at  base,  narrowly  linear  to  the  blunt 
apex  ;  perichrotial  leaves  longer,  subulate  and  recurved  at  the 
apex ;  costa  cxcurrent :  capsule  as  in  the  jireceding  species ; 
beak  of  the  lid  inclined,  orange-colored  ;  teeth  a  little  narrower. 
—  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  111.  Weisia  tristicha^  Brid.  Sj»ec.  Muse.  116. 
S.  trifaria,  Lindb.;  Braithw.  1.  c.  118,  t.  16,  K. 

Hab.  Limestone  rocks,  in  shaded  ravines,  Central  Ohio  {Sullivant); 
very  rare. 

Distinguished  from  ^he  two  preceding  species  by  its  black  color  and  the 
three-ranked  arrangement  of  tbe  leaves. 


;■!' 

1 

hil 

t 

! 

■i 

i\    '; 

i; 

: 


ill 


|i   ri^ryiwr- 


98 


BRyACE.E. 


[lillndia. 


35.  BLINDIA,  Bruch  &  Scliimp. 
Plants  of  larger  size,  densely  cespitose,  branching  by  innova- 
tions from  under  the  apex,  fastigiate  when  old.  Leaves  crowded, 
open  or  stcund,  broadly  lanceolate  at  base,  subulate,  canalicu- 
late and  costate  to  the  apex,  glossy ;  areolation  narrow,  quad- 
rate toward  the  apex,  linear  at  base,  enlarged  and  orange- 
colored  at  the  basilar  angles.  Flowers  dicBcious;  perichajtium 
sheathing.  Calyptra  large,  covering  tho  capsule  to  the  middle. 
Capsule  exserted  on  a  long  or  short  pedicel,  subglobose,  solid, 
inflated  .at  the  collum ;  peristome  of  lii  equidistant  lanceolate 
teeth,  entire  or  perforated  or  bifid  at  the  apex,  purple,  erect 
when  dry,  arcuate  and  connivent  when  moistened,  distantly 
articulate. 

1.  B.  acuta,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  olive  or  yellowish 
green :  plants  variable  in  size,  one  to  fifteen  cm.  long,  the 
slender  stem  mostly  naked  in  the  lower  part.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  114 ;  Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  124,  t.  17,  F.  Weisia  acuta, 
Hedw.  Muse.  Frond.  85,  t.  35.  Grimmia  acuta,  Smith,  Engl. 
Bot.  t.  1644. 

Had.  On  wet  rocks,  Rocky  Mountains  [Vrummond) ;  Cauterskill  River, 
New  York  (Lesqiiereux) \  White  Mountains  {James)\  Oregon  (Hall). 


f  I 

I 


36.  BRACHYODUS,  Fuernr. 
Plants  very  small,  densely  gregarious.  Leaves  lanceolate, 
subulate,  tufted,  with  a  semiterete  cxcurrent  costa ;  areolation 
minute  and  quadrate  toward  the  apex,  rectangular-hexagonal 
and  smooth  in  the  lower  part.  Flowers  raoncecious,  terminal ; 
antheridia  without  paraphyses.  Calyptra  erect,  conical,  five- 
lobate  at  base,  split  on  one  side  to  near  the  apex.  Capsule 
gradually  enlarged  from  the  top  of  the  pedicel,  erect,  oblong, 
soft,  substriate ;  lid  convex  at  base,  abruptly  long-subulate, 
crenulate  on  the  borders.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  hyaline, 
punctulate,  sometimes  perforate,  confluent  at  base,  broad  and 
truncate,  rarely  lanceolate,  entirOo  Annulus  compound,  very 
large,  persistent. 


CampyloHtelenm,] 


BRYACE^E. 


99 


Schlmper  (Syn.  Muse.  etl.  2,  132)  calls  this  genus  paradoxical,  but  oon- 
niders  it  more  related  to  the  Seliycriw  than  to  any  other.  Another  species 
{B.  flexisetm,  Ilampe)  is  found  in  the  Andes  of  South  America. 

1.  B.  trichodes,  Fuernr.  Plants  simple :  lower  loaves 
small,  obscurely  cordate,  the  upper  laxioh  longer,  subulate 
from  the  ovate  concave  base :  capsule  deeply  wrinkled  lenjifth- 
wise  when  old  ;  pedicel  twisted  to  the  left  in  the  upper  part, 
to  the  right  in  the  lower.  —  Kegcnsb.  Flora,  x.,  Beil.  ll'J  ;  Neestfe 
Ilornsch.  Bryol.  Genii,  li.  2.  5,  t.  25  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  115.  Gt/)H' 
nostonmm  trichodes^  Web.  &  Mohr,  Bot.  Tasch.  M5.  Uracfnj- 
dontium  trichodes,  Faernr. ;  Braithw.  Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  122, 
t.  17,  D. 

Hab.  On  trap  dykes,  Tuckerman's  Ravine.  Mount  Washington  (O.  D, 
Allen). 

37.  CAMPYLOSTELEUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Plfints  densely  gregarious,  very  short,  delicate.  Leaves  subu- 
late ;  areolation  minutely  qi.adrate  and  chlorophyllose  in  the 
ujiper  part,  hexagonal,  rectangular  and  hyaline  in  the  lower. 
Capsule  of  thin  texture,  on  a  slender  geniculate  or  arcuate 
pedicel.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  16,  lanceolate-subulate,  split 
to  the  mitMle  or  to  the  base.  Annulus  broad,  compound,, 
revoluble.     Spores  very  small. 

This  genus  is  placed  by  Llndberg  and  Braithwaite  with  Glyphomitraim 
and  Coscinodon. 

1.  0.  saxicola,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stem  radiculose  at 
base  :  lower  leaves  minute,  lanceolate,  the  upper  densely  tufted,, 
long-linear,  subulate  from  the  lanceolate  base,  concave,  slightly 
recurved  when  moistened,  subcrispate  when  dry ;  costa  thick, 
percurrent ;  perichaBtial  leaves  enlarged,  concave  at  base, 
narrower  upward  :  flowers  moncecious ;  male  buds  on  a  short 
basilar  branch :  capsule  oblong,  cylindrical,  oval,  pale  red  at  the 
orifice,  declined  on  a  long  very  slender  pale  geniculate  pedicel ; 
lid  with  a  very  long  subulate  beak ;  teeth  reddish  at  base,  pale 
and  punctulate  at  the  apex  of  the  narrow  linear  segments.  — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  116.  Dicranum  saxicola,  Web.  &  Mohr,  Bot. 
Tasch.  167.  Campylopus^^viA.  Grimmia genictdata, Schwae^ir. 
Suppl.  i.  82,  t.  22.  G.  saxicola,  Hook.  Engl.  Bot.  Suppl.  t.  2627. 
Hab.  On  erratic  rocks,  Massachusetts  (i2.  C.  Ingraham);  sandstonu 
rocks,  Kentucky  (Lesquereux). 


n 


I 


!  I' 


100 


BRTACE^. 


[Pharomitrium. 


Tribe  III.    POTTIES. 

Plants  generally  perennial ;  innovations  fastigiatt ;  areolation 
parenchymatous,  quadrate-hexagonal  in  the  upper  part,  more  or 
less  papillose,  very  chlorophyllose,  dilated  and  hyaline  toward 
the  base.  Caly])tra  eucullate,  rarely  mitriform-lobate,  smooth. 
Capsule  generally  erect,  symmetrical.  Peristome  simple,  rarely 
absent,  of  16  teeth,  either  rudimentary,  flat  and  membranaceous, 
or  more  generally  perfect,  often  split  to  the  base  into  32  round 
filiform  indistinctly  articulate  segments. 


38.  PHAROMITRIUM,  Schimp. 
Capsule  immersed,  globose,  without  peristome,  enlarged  at 
the  orifice  after  the  falling  of  the  lid,  soft,  loosely  areolate. 
Calyptra  oblique,  piurilobate. 

1.  P.  SUbsessile,  Schimp.  Plants  short,  cespitose:  leaves 
obovate-oblong,  acuminate,  with  a  round  costa  passing  up  into  a 
long  pellucid  hair-point,  bearing  in  the  middle  two  to  four 
follicles  filled  with  a  granulose  mucilaginous  mass,  often  divided 
into  two  to  four  lamellae:  flowers  monoecious;  anthei*8  parar 
physate  in  the  axils  of  a  single  perigonial  leaf  near  the  base  of 
the  perichfetium :  capsule  on  a  short  erect  pedicel ;  lid  large, 
jilano-convcx  at  base,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  short  slender 
and  erect  or  inclined  beak;  annulus  none,  —  Syn.  Muse.  121. 
Schistidium  subsessile^  Brid.  I^ottia  subsessilis^  Bruch  & 
Schimp.,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  117. 

IlAB.  On  sandy  or  clayey  ground,  stone  walls,  etc. ;  plains  and  moun- 
tains; not  rare. 

Variable  in  size,  from  one  or  two  m.m.  to  four  cm,  or  more  in  length; 
borders  of  the  leaves  generally  entire  near  the  apex,  sometimes  with  a 
few  distinct  teeth.  Pharomitrium  exiguum,  Austin  (Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
vi.  42),  mere  buds  or  young  plants  with  scarcely  any  stems,  and  with  the 
borders  of  the  leaves  denticulate  at  the  apex,  is  a  variety  which  is  found 
also  among  Europ3an  specimens. 

39.  POTTIA,  Ehrh.    (PI.  2.) 
Sparingly  branching  from  the  base  or  simple.    Leaves  ovate- 
oblong,  acuminate,  soft,  opaque,  smooth  or  papillose ;   costa 


Pottia.] 


BRYACE^. 


101 


round,  rarely  lamellose  toward  the  apex.  Capsule  erect. 
Peristome  either  none  or  very  imperfect,  or  composed  of  10  flat 
teeth. 

*  Capsule  without  peristome  or  nearly  so. 

1.  P.  cavifolia,  Ehrh.  Leaves  ovate-oblong,  very  concave, 
long-aristate  by  the  excurrent  lamellate  costa :  ca[)sule  exserted, 
ovate-oblong.  —  Beitr.  i.  187;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  118.  Gymnusto- 
mum  ovatum,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  15,  t.  6.  I^ottia  pusilkty 
Lin«lb.  Trichost.  218. 

Had.  On  naked  ground ;  Platte  River,  at  base  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains {E.  IJall);  Fort  Colville  (Lyall);  near  Carson  City,  Nevada 
( Watson). 

Tl»e  leaves  are  sometimes  scarcely  aristate  and  the  plants  in  loose  tufts, 
sometimes  with  a  very  long  white  hair  and  the  plants  very  densely 
cespitose. 

2.  P.  minutula,  Fuern.     Plants  minute,  annual :    loaves 

open,  ovate  and  oblong-lanceolate,  cusjjidate  by  the  excurrent 

brown  costa,  recurved  on  the  borders,  minutely  papillose  on  the 

back,  reddish  when  old  :  anthers  naked  in  the  axils  of  perichje- 

tial  or  in  buds  composed  of  two  small  jierigonial  leaves :  caj>- 

sule  minute,  ovate,  truncate ;  lid  broad,  short,  conical-obtuse.  — 

Regensb.  Flora,  xii,  Erg.-bl.  10;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  119.     Gymnosto- 

mum  minutulnm,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  25,  t.  9.     P.  Starkei,  var. 

gymnostoma^  Lindb.  Trichost.  219. 

Hah.  Los  Angeles,  California  (Bigelow)',  veiy  rare  in  America,  com- 
mon in  Europe. 

3.  P.  truncata,  Fuern.  1.  c.  Plants  small  and  simple,  or 
longer  and  ramose,  gregarious  or  subcesi)itose :  leaves  open, 
oblong  or  obovate,  acuminate  and  mucronate  by  the  excurrent 
costa,  soft,  loosely  areolate,  concave,  flat  on  the  borders,  nearly 
smooth :  capsule  broadly  ovate,  truncate  or  subcylindrical, 
gymnostome  ;  lid  plano-convex,  obliquely  rostellate,  attached  to 
the  columella  and  falling  with  it.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  120,  121. 
Hi'yum,  fruncatulum,  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1119.  Gymnostomiim 
truncatum^  Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  13,  t.  5.  P.  eustoma,  Ehrh. 
Beitr.  i.  187. 

Hab.    Open  ground;  New  England  to  Pennsylvania.    • 

4.  P.  Wilsoni,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  simple,  loosely 
cespitose  :  leaves  close,  gradually  larger  upwards,  open,  erect, 
oval-oblong  or  ovate-spathulate,  rounded  at  the  apex  and  cuspi- 


■r 


ml 


k 

hi 


|l  WfW^ 


102 


BRYACE^. 


[Pottia. 


■  *   ' 

{ 


1 

1 

1 

■J 
( 

j 

date  by  the  excurrent  yellowish  costa,  plano-concave,  with 
borders  sliijfhtly  recurved,  green,  chlorophyllose  and  verrucose 
in  the  u|>i»er  i)art,  kjosely  areolate  and  hyaline  toward  the  base: 
antheridia  paraphysate,  axillary :  calyptra  tawny  and  scabrous 
at  the  aj)ex  :  lid  obliipiely  rostrate  from  a  convex  base :  ])eri- 
stome  co^npo^e<l  of  a  basilar  paj)illose  membrane  with  an  irregu- 
lar margin  sometimes  cut  into  rudimentary  teeth ;  annuliis 
simple.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  122.  Gymnostomutn  Wilsotii,  Hook. 
Bot.  Misc.  i.  148,  t.  41 ;  Wils.  Suppl.  Engl.  Bot.  t.  2710.  P. 
truncata^  var.  siibct/lindrica,  James,  Bot.  King  Exp.  399. 
Had.    Meadows  near  Carson  City,  Nevada  (  Watson). 

5.  P.  Heimii,  Fuern.  1.  c.  Plants  more  robust,  v/iriable  in 
length,  ctspitose:  leaves  oj)en,  flexuous,  the  lower  distant, 
broadly  lanceolate,  the  upj)er  longer,  close  and  tufted,  lanceo- 
late-acuminate, serrulate  at  the  a])ex ;  costa  subj)orcurrent : 
flowers  synciH'ious  or  in  separate  terminal  buds :  calyj)tra  large, 
smooth:  capsule  obovate  or  oblong,  truncate,  solid,  brown; 
li<l  obliquely  rostrate  from  a  plano-convex  base,  attached  to  the 
exserted  columella  and  deciduous  with  it.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  124 ; 
Muell.  Syn.  i.  551.  Gynviostomum  Heimii^  Hedw.  Muse.  Frond, 
i.  80,  t.  30. 

Hau.  Ditches  near  Soda  Springs,  on  tlie  Upper  Tuolumne,  California 
{liolamler);  mountains  of  Utah  and  Nevada  (  Watson);  Colorado  and  the 
Kocky  Mountains  of  British  America;  not  rare. 

6.  P.  riparia,  Aust.  Plants  short,  widely  cespitose,  dirty 
green :  leaves  narrowed  to  the  half-clasping  base,  sulv 
spatulate,  rounded  or  lanceolate  with  a  short  acumen,  more  or 
less  distinctly  denticulate,  plane  on  the  borders ;  costa  stout, 
vanishing  below  the  apex:  flowers  dioecious  (?)  (male  plants 
unknown) :  capsule  comparatively  long  and  narrow,  cylindric- 
ol)long,  erect  or  slightly  cernnons ;  lid  conical,  mamillate ; 
columella  long,  emerging,  attached  to  the  lid ;  amnilus  largo, 
compound.  —  Muse.  Appal,  n.  112;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Siii)p]. 
34,  t.  21. 

Hab.  On  moist  rocks  along  streams;  Palisades  of  Southern  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  rarely  fertile  (^4 Mstm).  .  v, 

7.  P.  Barbula,  Muell.  Plants  stemless,  budding,  gregari- 
otis  or  subcespitose,  simjile  :  leaves  few,  close  together,  slightly 
twisted,  oblong-lanceolate,  the  lower  acuminate,  the  upper 
blunt  at  the  slightly  crenulate  apex:  flowers  dioecious,  termi- 


Pottia.] 


BRTACE.E. 


103 


nal ;  perigonial  leaves  four,  small,  oval  or  cordate :  capsule 
erect  or  slightly  curved,  narrowly  cylindrical,  annulate ;  lid 
conical  -  subulate.  —  Syn.  i.  558.  Gyuinostomatn  liarhula^ 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  ii.  77,  t.  175.  Ilyophila  Jiarbula,  Ilanipc, 
Bot.  Zeit.  iv.  2G7. 
II AB.     Limestone  rocks,  Key  West  (Garher);  a  Cuban  species. 

#  #   Capsule  with  a  distinct  peristome. 

8.  P.  Starkeana,  Muell.  Plants  minute,  subccspitosc. 
annual,  simple :  leaves  tufte<l,  oblong-lanceolate,  concave,  re- 
flexed  on  the  borders,  i)apilloso  in  the  uj)per  part,  shortly 
mucronate  by  the  e\current  costa :  flowers  moncecious ;  anther- 
idia  without  paraphyses  in  the  axils  of  comal  leaves :  capsule 
very  small,  oval-oblong,  chestnut-color,  glossy :  lid  short,  coni- 
cal, obtuse  ;  teeth  plane,  truncate  or  obtuse,  with  three  or  four 
articulations,  entire  or  perforated  here  and  there,  pale  yellow, 
papillose  ;  annulus  simple,  persistent.  —  Syn.  i.  547.  Weisia 
Starkeana^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  83,  t.  34.  Anacahjpta 
iStarkemia^  Fuern.  1.  c.  25;  Nees  &  Ilornsch.  Bryol.  Germ.  ii. 
139,  t.  3G ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  125. 

Had.  On  the  ground,  Mission  Dolores,  California  (Bolander);  Utah 
(  Watson). 

The  leaves,  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  and  the  presence  of  an 
annulus  and  peristome  separate  this  species  from  P.  minutiUa,  which  it 
much  resembles. 

9.  P.  latifolia,  Muell.  Plants  short,  bulbiform,  branching 
from  the  base,  gregarious  or  loosely  tufted,  whitish  green  : 
leaves  imbricate  in  buds,  the  lower  rounded,  the  ui)per  round- 
sjjatulate,  nearly  emarginate  and  abruj)tly  apiculate ;  costa 
vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  perichaetial  leaves  narrower,  obtuse, 
all  very  concave,  nearly  diaj>hanous ;  upj)er  areolation  short, 
oval,  slightly  chlorophyllose,  the  lower  more  enlarged,  hexag- 
onal-rectangular :  male  flowers  in  separate  buds  near  the  base 
of  the  fertile  plants:  capsule  oval-oblong,  erect,  rarely  sub- 
cernuous ;  lid  rostellate,  oblique ;  teeth  lanceolate,  irregularly 
bifid  above  the  middle,  enlarged  and  united  at  base  by  a  narrow 
membrane,  yellow,  minutely  j)aj)illose ;  annulus  narrow,  per- 
sistent. —  Syn.  i.  549.  Weisia  latifolia.,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  64, 
t.  18.  Anacalypta  latifolia^  Fuern.  1.  c. ;  Nees  ifc  ilornsch. 
Bryol.  Germ.  ii.  185,  t.  36 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  128.  P.  pilifera, 
var.  inutica,  Lindb. 


104 


BRYACE^. 


[Dtclymodon. 


Var.  pilifera,  Muell.  Apex  of  the  leaves  prolonged  into  a 
flexuous  hair.  —  liri/iini  piliferuniy  Dicku.  PI.  Crypt,  iv.  10. 
Pottia  pUi/era,  Lintlb.  Trichost.  '2'23. 

Haii.  Naked  ground  in  alpine  districts;  Colorado  (Downle,  Wolf, 
ltothrock)\  Uinta  Mountains  ( \Vataon)\  Britisli  America  (Druiniwjnd). 

40.  DIDYMODON,  Iledw.    (PI.  2.) 

Plants  repeate<lly  dichotomous,  fastigiatc,  radiculose  at  base. 
Areolation  of  the  leaves  narrower  than  in  the  preceding  genus, 
hyaline  at  base,  chlorophyllose  and  densely  paj)illo8e  in  the 
upper  j)art.  Flowers  polygamous  and  ditecious,  gennniform. 
Calyptra  long,  eueullate.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  ])lane, 
slender,  linear-lanceolate,  confluent  at  base,  nearly  entire  or 
split  either  partly  or  sometimes  their  whole  length,  distantly 
articulate,  punctulate,  not  papillose,  often  irregular.    Annulus 

distinct. 

Distinguished  from  Trichontomum  by  the  peristome  composed  of  a  flat 
double  lamina,  and  by  the  softer  and  more  papillose  leaves. 

1.  D.  rubellus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     Plants  in  red<lish  tufts, 

slendei",   about    two   cm.   long :    leaves  erect   at    base,   open, 

flexuous  above,  crispate  when  dry,  the  lower  lanceolate,  shorter, 

the  upper  linear-lanceolate,  acuminate,  half-clasping  at  base, 

the  borders  revolute  above,  minutely  papillose  on  both  faces ; 

costa  harrow,  percurrent ;    perichaetial  leaves  with   a  longer 

clasping  hyaline  very  thin  base :  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  of 

thin  texture,  dusky  green  when  filled  ;  lid  short  or  long-rostrate, 

inclined ;  teeth  linear,  more  or  less  strongly  articulate,  entire  or 

perforated   along  the   divisural  line,  soft,  pale  red;    annulus 

large,  fragile.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  185.     Bryuin  rubellnm,  Hoffm. 

Weisia  recurvirostris  and  curvirostris^  Auct.     Trichostomum 

rithellum^  Rabenh. ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  581 ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  226. 

Hab.  On  stones  or  on  the  ground,  on  or  near  the  water;  plains  and 
mountains;  not  uncommon  on  both  the  eastern  and  western  slopes. 

2.  D.  luridus,  Hornsch.  DicEcious:  tufts  green  when 
moist,  dirty  brown  when  dry,  half  to  one  cm.  long,  simple  or 
sparingly  branching:  leaves  open  when  moistened,  imbricate 
when  dry,  the  lower  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  longer, 
ovate  at  base,  lanceolate  above,  blunt  or  acute,  concave,  with 
borders   reflexed    and    surface   nearly    smooth;    costa    stout, 


Leptotrichum.] 


IJRYACE.E. 


105 


vanishing  with  or  below  the  apex ;  nreolntion  distinct,  rect- 
angulur,  a  little  enlarged  in  the  lower  part;  perichiutial 
leaves  erect,  similar,  with  a  loose  areolation :  lid  conical,  acu- 
minate or  blunt,  inclined  or  erect,  variable  in  length ;  teeth 
irregular,  simple  or  variously  divided,  sometimes  rudimentary; 
basilar  membrane  none;  annulus  wry  narrow,  persistent. — 
tSpreng.  Syst.  iv.  173 ;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  180.  I'richostomum 
luridum^  Spruce ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  2*20. 

Var.  cuspidatus,  Schimp.  Leaves  cuspidate  by  the  ex- 
current  nerve. 

Hau.  Niagara  Falls  (Drumrnond,  Clinton);  Minnesota  {Ldphmn); 
abundant  on  limestone  rocks  washed  by  spray,  northern  shores  of  Kelly 
Island,  Lake  Erie  {Lesquereux). 

S.  D.  cylindricus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Dicecious:  loosely 
cesi)ito8e,  pale  green :  leaves  long,  open,  flexuous,  linear- 
acuminate,  twisted  when  dry,  whitish  at  the  base,  fragile,  flat, 
oj)aque-verruculo8e  above,  minutely  crenulate  on  the  borders, 
or  with  a  few  distinct  teeth  near  the  apex ;  costa  narrow,  ex- 
current  into  a  short  point:  capsule  narrowly  cylindrical,  on  a 
long  ])ale  soft  pedicel ;  lid  long-rostrate,  subulate ;  teeth  nar- 
rowly linear-lanceolate,  entire  or  diversely  lacerate-perforate, 
fugacious*  annulus  narrow,  persistent.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  187. 
Wefsia  cyUmh'ica^  Bruch  ;  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  806.  Welsia 
tenuirostrisy  Ilook  &  Tayl.  Muse.  Brit.  (2  e<l.)  83,  t.  3,  Suppl. 
Trichostoruuni  tenuirostre,  Lindb.  Trichost.  225. 

Had.  On  old  wood  and  twigs,  Chester  Co.,  Pennsylvania,  and  In  the 
Alleghany,  Catskill  and  White  Mountains  (Juines);  Ontario,  Canada 
iMrs.  Hoy);  rarely  fertile. 

4L  LEPTOTRICHUM,  Hampe.    (PL  1.) 

Plants  slender.  Leaves  smooth,  lanceolate-subulate ;  areola- 
tion narrowly  rectangular  above,  looser  hexagonal-rectangular 
below.  Capsule  oval  or  cylindrical,  erect,  on  a  long  straight 
rarely  flexuous  pedicel.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  cleft  to  the  base 
into  two  linear  articulate  segments,  erect  or  a  little  inclined  to 
one  side,  purple.    Annulus  compound,  deciduous. 

*  Flowers  dioecious. 

1.  L.  tortile,  Muell.  Plants  short :  leaves  secund  or  spread- 
ing, lanceolate-subulate  ;  borders  recurved  in  the  middle ;  costa 


■  a 


%\i 


1. 1 


;'(, 


106 


BRYACE^E. 


[Leptotrichiim. 


'Mil 


!' 


i 

i 

cxcurrent,  sorrate  at  the  apex :  calyptra  desceiidlng  to  tlio 
middle  of  the  capHulo:  capsule  narrowly  ohloiii^  or  cylindri- 
cal, erect  or  Hliufhtly  curved,  rej^ular;  lid  sliort-beakecl ;  teeth 
attached  to  a  somewhat  large  basilar  mendjrane,  mostly  free 
but  sometimes  j>artly  connate  in  the  upper  part,  very  variable, 
no<lulo8e,  more  or  less  distinctly  j»apillose.  —  Syn.  i.  454. 
TnchostomiDn  tortile^  Schrad. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  179;  SuUiv. 
31osses  of  IT.  States,  20. 

Var.  pusillum,  Schimp.  Plants  and  capsules  smaller; 
leaves  ovate,  concave  at  base,  subulate.  —  Trichostomum 
jmsillwn,  Iledw.  J^Iusc.  Frond,  i.  78,  t.  28.  l>ej)totnc/ium 
2>nsillmn,  Ilampe,  Linmea,  xx.  74. 

ILvn.  Sandy  and  gravelly  ground,  by  roadsides,  and  in  open  fields  In 
Lilly  districts  ;  the  variety  near  Pliiladelpliia  {James). 

TnicnosTOMUM  tknuk,  lledw.  (Spec.  Muse.  107,  t.  24),  collected  by 
Muhlcnbcry  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  still  remains  an  uncertain 
species,  of  which  notldng  is  known  but  from  Iledwig's  description  and 
figure.  It  dilTers  from  L.  tortile  in  its  large  double  annulus,  the  more 
solid  brownish-red  capsule,  and  the  plane  margin  of  the  leaves. 

2.  L.  vaginalis.  Differs  from  the  preceding  species  in  its 
slender  slightly  longer  stems,  a  longer  sheathing  pericha'tium, 
whose  imbricate  leaves  are  gradually  narrowed  or  lanceolate- 
subulate  to  a  sliorter  blunt  apex,  the  narrower  capsule,  the 
larger  annulus,  and  the  smooth  strongly  articulate  or  nodose 
teeth.  —  Tnchostonium  pusillum^  var..  Hook  &  Wils.,  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  60  and  61.  T.  vaginana^  Sulliv. 
Muse.  Allegh.  n.  176,  Mosses  of  U.  States,  26,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  43,  t.  28.  2\  tortile^  var.  pusillum^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  454, 
in  ]>art. 

Had.    Clayey  and  sandy  soil  In  Uie  Middle  States;  not  rare. 

Trichostomum  nodulosHm,  Aust.  (Bull.  Ton>Club,  vi.  74),  is  merely  a 
variflty  of  this  species,  as  the  only  cliaracter  indicated  by  the  autlior  as 
speciilc  is  tlie  peristome,  which  is  smootli  in  his  species,  and  wliicli  he 
asserts  to  be  papillose  in  L.  tcujinana,  contrary  to  Sullivant's  description 
and  figures.  Tlie  last  species  is  itself  separated  with  great  difficulty  and 
uncertainty  from  L.  tortile,  which  has  the  annidus  a  little  narrower, 
though  compound,  and  the  segments  of  tlie  teeth  (says  Scliimper)  very 
minntely  papillose.  That  this  last  character  is  casual  is  proved  by  the 
fact  that  in  his  observations  in  co-operation  with  Mr.  Sullivant,  the 
writer  always  found  the  peristome  of  the  species  smooth  and  even  shin- 
ing, while  Austin  has  found  it  papillose.  In  my  opinion  this  L.  vnginans, 
though  admitted  by  Schimper,  is  a  mere  form  of  the  very  variable 
L.  tortile.  —  {Lesq.) 


Leptotrichum.] 


BllYACE.E. 


107 


8.  L.  homomallum,  Ilampe.  PlantH  loosely  cospitoso, 
brij^lit  groi'n,  short,  about  two  cm.  loni; :  It-avos  o\tvu  or  turned 
to  one  Hide,  ovate,  concave  at  hawe,  abruptly  Hubulate ;  costa 
stout,  excurrent  into  a  loni»  very  entire  point ;  i)ericlia'tial 
leaves  with  a  lonj^  chiMpinj^  ba.se,  abruptly  and  narrowly  seta- 
ceous-subulate :  capHule  oblonjj-ovate  or  elliptical,  thick-walled, 
re«ldish ;  lid  short,  conical ;  teeth  without  a  basilar  membrane, 
the  sej^ments  free  or  partly  unite<l,  dark  red  ;  annulus  broad,  com- 
))0und,  revoluble.  —  Linnu>a,  xx.  74;  Schimp.  Syn.  141.  JJidif- 
modon  homonudlna,  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  105,  t.  iiJi.  I'richo- 
stoututn  heteronudhon^  Bruch  &  Scl'mp.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  181. 

II  AH.  On  the  groiuul,  west  side  of  the  Rocky  Motuitains  { Dnwnnond, 
n.  IIU);  roadsides,  etc.,  in  the  White  Mouiitnin  rej^lon,  cununon  (Austin), 

4.  L.  flexicaule,  IIami)e,  1.  c.  Stems  lonij,  slender,  radi- 
oulose,  soft,  yellowish  or  dirty  jjreen,  re))eatedly  divided  by 
innovaticms:  leaves  open  or  turned  to  one  si<le  or  even  falcate, 
lanceolate,  long-subulate,  the  excurrent  costa  denticulate  at  the 
apex  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  small  for  the  size  of  the  {>lants, 
ovate  or  elIiptical-ol)long,  regular  or  slightly  curved  ;  lid  nar- 
rowly conical,  erect;  teeth  unequal,  with  free  slender  fragile 
segments. —  Cynodontium  Jfexiaude,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  113, 
t.  29.  Trichostomum  flexiccude^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  180. 

Var.  densum,  Schimp.  Plants  shorter,  in  compact  tufts: 
leaves  erect,  shorter.  —  Syn.  145. 

II AB.  On  shaded  limestone  rocks  in  suhalpine  regions;  British 
America  (Drummond);  Cascade  liiver  (Lyall)\  Placer  Kiver  Caflon 
(3/aeoun);  Alaska  (Rothrock). 

*  *  Flowers  monoecious. 

5.  L.  pallidum,  Hampe,  1.  c.  Plants  short,  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  pale  or  yellowish  green  :  leaves  open,  erect,  spreading  or 
curved  to  one  side,  lanceolate  at  base,  very  narrowly  subulate, 
the  long  excurrent  costa  distinctly  denticulate :  male  flowers 
gemmiforra  in  the  axils  of  the  comal  leaves :  capsule  ovate- 
oblong,  reddish,  on  a  very  long  pale  yellow  pedicel ;  lid  conical, 
short-beaked;  t«eth  divided  into  unequal  segments,  free  or 
connate  at  the  articulations,  dark  purple,  twisted  when  dry.  — 
Trichostormim  pallidum^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  71,  t.  27 ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  183;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  26. 

Hab.    On  bare  sandy  or  clayey  soil  in  woods;  commou. 


MJ 

'«•!  -.■i'lt 

'  iJtifHlll 

■'".«4» 

1 

v^'i^ 

1 

■  '  ,H"i 

i'U) 

f 

r 

ii'ii  ■ 

«; 

:\|'l  iin 

jiiii  it 

"^1' 

m 


Tpr 


108 


BRYACEvE. 


[Leplotrtchum, 


U    : 


i!      I 


0.  L.  Schimperi,  Losri.  Plants  BubccRpitosf,  nearly 
simple,  short,  yell«>wi.sh  green:  leaveH  open,  flexuous  or  faleate- 
Heeiuul,  ol)lon«;  at  base,  abruptly  an«l  narrowly  long-Nuhiilate, 
denticulate  at  the  apex  only,  nearly  filled  in  the  up|>er  part  by 
the  eo8tu;  perieluetial  leaveH  Hheathin«;  at  base,  the  inner  tubu- 
lose,  long-subulate  :  flowers  genuniforni,  narrow,  axillary  :  cap- 
sule oblong,  erect,  cylindrical,  robust,  yellowish  brown,  with  a 
shorter  thick  pedicel ;  lid  longer  than  in  the  preceding  species, 
dark  red,  l)lunt  at  the  apex  ;  teeth  attached  to  a  large  orange 
fugaciotis  1)asilar  membrane,  slender,  pale  yellow,  linear,  irreg- 
ularly divided,  the  segments  broad,  trabecul.'ite  (not  articulate), 
lacerate  or  ]>erforate«l ;  anntdus  simple:  spores  very  large. — 
Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  9 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  37,  t.  24. 

IIab.    Coast  Ilanges  of  California,  near  Momlocino  City  (liolamhr). 

This  species  has  tlie  aspect  of  the  last,  but  is  easily  recognized  by  its 
greenisli  color,  tlie  sliorter  broader  solid  capsule  on  a  shorter  tit icit  pedicel, 
the  longer  dark  red  operculum,  the  much  longer  leaves,  larger  basilar 
areolation,  aixl  especially  the  peculiar  characters  of  the  peristome. 

7.  L.  glaucescens,  Ilampe,  1.  c.  Plants  cespitose,  soft, 
glaucous ;  stems  dichotomous  or  fastigiate :  lower  leaves  very 
small,  distant,  l.inceolate,  the  upper  tufted,  lanceolate  at  base, 
linear-subulate  above,  distantly  serrate  toward  the  apex ;  costa 
percurrent ;  areolation  distinct :  male  and  female  flowers 
gemmiform,  terminal :  capsule  subcylindrical,  thin ;  lid  nar- 
rowly conical ;  teeth  .attached  to  a  very  short  basilar  mem- 
brane, the  segments  of  various  length,  articulate,  j>aj)illose, 
purple.  —  Trichostomum  fflaucescefis,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii. 
91,  t.  37  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  184 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  2G. 
Scelania  cwsia^  Lindb.  Utk.  Nat.  Grupp.  Bladm.  35 ;  Braithw. 
Brit.  Moss-Fl.  i.  17G,  t.  26,  F. 

Had.  Lake  Superior  (A(ian»lz)\  Brattleboro,  Vermont  (i^oaf);  Min- 
nesota (Lapham)',  Kooky  Mountains  (IJrummond,  Dowjiie),  etc. 

42.  TRICHOSTOMUM,  Smith. 
Plants  cespitose  or  pulvinate.  Leaves  gradually  lengthening 
from  the  base  of  the  stem  upward ;  areolation  minute,  chloro- 
phyllose  in  the  upper  part,  diaphanous  in  the  lower.  Teeth  of 
the  peristome  divided  to  the  base  into  two  equal  semiterete 
very  papillose  segments,  either  entire  or  sometimes  irregularly 
divided  or  connate.    Flowers  dioecious. 


'<•  \. 


TrichoHlotuuin,] 


UUYACK.E. 


109 


1.  T.  tophaceum,  nr'nl.     StoiuH  of  vari<>n«  lonj^th  :  leavos 

open   troin  an  c-ivct  liiisc,  soft,  liiicai'-liiiiccolatc,  obtiiHi',  cari- 

iiatoH'tdicavi',  ri'tU'Xud  on  tin.'  honliTs ;  co.st.'i  stont,  vaniNhin^ 

below  tlie  apex  ;  pericliiutial  leaves  longer,  more  ohtn^e :  eap- 

Bulo  ovate-oldonj^,  on  a  thick  red  ofteti   tIexuonM  pedieel ;   lid 

obliquely  rostrate,  variable  in  length  :   teeth  unecpial,  the  f»e^- 

nients  eitlier  free  or  partly  connate,  pale  re<l ;  ainndns  none.  — 

MuHC.  Ueeent.  Siippl.  iv.  M4  ;  Hryol.  Km',  t.  175.    JUxlymodon  (?) 

diiwrsifoliuH,  Aust.  Muse.  Appal,  n.  \\i). 

ILvn.  Very  coniinon  o!i  moist  llnu'stoiiR  rocks;  ralifornlii  (  7hV/^/ow, 
Holiiiiilrr,  (iihhniiH);  Diill.is  Cotuity,  T«'xas  (ItoU)',  Owoii  bound,  Cjiauda 
{MrH.  liin/);  Niagftra  Falls  (OUwy),  storilo. 

2.  T.  pyriforme.  Plants  cespitose,  very  Hhort,  «lftrk  straw- 
color,  the  male  plants  mneh  the  smaller:  stem-leaves  lanceolate, 
blunt  at  the  apex,  the  upper  longer,  undulate  on  the  borders, 
all  entire,  eoneave,  with  the  upper  nreolation  close,  opncpie, 
obsoletely  ]>a]>illose  on  the  back ;  costa  stout,  vanishing  below 
or  at  the  aj)ex  ;  pericluetial  leaves  longer,  oblong  and  half- 
clasping  at  base,  lanceolate,  distinctly  undiUate,  obtuse :  calyj)- 
tra  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  lid  :  capside  short,  obovatc, 
truncate,  subpyriform  ;  lid  large  at  base,  obli(|uely  long-rostrate; 
teeth  split  nearly  to  the  base  into  nearly  e(|ual  filiform  seg- 
ments ;  amudus  large,  compound,  easily  detached. 

Had.    Florida  (G(irher)\  coinniunicated  as  n.  3;W. 

Allied  to  T.  lophacetun  in  the  character  of  the  peristome  and  the  obtuse 
perichtetial  leaves,  hut  diffen^nt  in  the  mode  of  growtli,  the  size  of  the 
plants,  the  subpyriform  shape  of  the  annulate  capsule,  etc. 

3.  T.  crispulum,  Bruch.  Plants  densely  cesfjitose,  bright 
green,  slender:  comal  leaves  open,  involute  or  twisted  when 
dry,  linear  from  a  slightly  enlarged  base,  cucuUate,  incurved  at 
the  apex  and  mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa ;  bordere  erect, 
flexuous;  areolation  very  small,  indistinct  in  the  upper  part; 
perichajtial  leaves  longer  and  mucronate :  capsule  elliptical, 
irregularly  wrinkled  when  dry  ;  lid  long-rostrate  from  a  narrow 
red  orifice ;  teeth  divided  into  irregular  and  unequal  segments, 
connate  or  free,  papillose;  annulus  none.  —  Regensb.  Fl.  xii. 
395,  t.  4;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  173. 

Had.  On  the  ground,  Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California  (Palmer); 
common  in  Europe,  rare  in  America. 

4.  T.  flavo-virens,  Bruch.  Plants  loosely  cespitose,  spar- 
ingly branching,  1  or  2  cm.  long,  yellowish  green  above,  pale  or 


ji 


:  i 


U 


Hi 


wmm 


no 


BUY  ACE. K. 


[Trirhniitnmum. 


II  < 

h 


fernipnouH  in  the  lower  part :  lower  K-avcH  Hinnll,  distant,  ori'ot, 
the  uppfr  tuftc*!,  opfii,  obloti;,'  and  wliitisli  at  base,  lini'ar- 
lanccolatc,  uiKlulatc,  ooncaw'  or  Hiihcarinatc  ubuvts  inucronatc 
by  tlio  tliick  I'xcurrt'nt  costu,  fntirc;  )K'riclia'tial  loaves  Niinilar: 
cn|)Hii](>  ohlon^,  cylindrical,  erect,  yellowish,  with  a  red  orifice, 
slightly  Niilcate  when  <lry,  of  thin  texture  ;  jtedicel  coinparativt  ly 
lonuf,  Htraijjfht  or  flexnouH,  yellowish  ;  lid  conical-rostrate, 
Bliufhtly  inclined ;  tei'th  lonjx,  slender,  filiform,  nearly  ecpial, 
scarcely  articulate,  purple;  liasilar  inenihraiu^  narrow. — 
Regensl).   Fl.  xii.  404,  t.  7;    IJryol.   Kur.  t.   172. 

Var.  crassinerve.  Plants  shorter:  leaves  narrower; 
oosta  thick,  vanishinij;  helow  or  at  the  apex  :  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome whitish. —  7'.  cniHHinertu^  Ilampe,  Liniuea,  xxx.  4r><». 

Hah.  Florida,  on  the  ground  (I).  11.  Smith,  fidi-hcr,  J.  Dmnull 
Smith);  the  variety  near  San  Rafael,  and  In  the  mountains  of  California 
{lil{/elow,  lUtHvr,  liolaiuler). 

6.  T.  flexipes,  Hruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  short,  4  to  0  m.m. 
long,  branching  by  iimovations:  leaves  linear,  acuminate,  undu- 
late on  the  borders,  serrate  upward  ;  eosta  white,  shining,  j»er- 
current :  capsule  narrowly  oblong-ovate,  chestnut-color,  on  a 
flexuous  or  curved  pedicel ;  lid  conical-rostrate  ;  teeth  straight, 
equal,  regularly  bifid  ;  annulus  large,  revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
1. 171. 

IlAB.    On  the  ground,  California  {Blgeloio,  liolamler);  common. 

6.  T.  anomalum,  Schimp.  Plants  loosely  cespitose,  1  to 
4  cm.  long:  leaves  linear-lanceolate  to  the  point,  serrate 
above,  more  or  less  distinctly  papillose  on  the  inner  surface: 
male  flowers  in  separate  or  aggregated  buds:  capsule  oblong, 
cylindrical  or  rarely  slightly  curved,  erect  on  a  long  flexuous 
reddish  pedicel ;  teeth  long,  equal,  erect,  strict,  dark  rod ; 
annulus  large,  easily  detached.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Coroll.  28.  Mar- 
bula  an^mala,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  1C9. 

Hab.    California  {Coulter,  B.  W.  Jamea)\  Florida  {Garbcr). 


43.  DESMATODON.  Brid.    (PI.  2.) 

Plants  sparingly  branching,  radieulose  at  base  or  tomentose 
their  whole  length.  Leaves  ovate  or  obovate,  oblong,  blunt, 
apiculate  or  gradually  acuminate,  costate ;  areolation  close, 
opaque,  papillose  and  chlorophyllosc  in  the  upper  part,  loose 


JJeHtniilodnn,] 


UUYACE.E. 


Ill 


nn<l    hyiil'mc   toward    tlio   base.      Iiirtorcsccncc    moiuvcious   or 

<li(i'('iouH ;  mall'  tiowc.-M  tfriiiiiial  or  axillary,  tlu'  fi'rtilf  j^niuni- 

form ;    pcriclia'tia!    IcavcH   Nimilar    t<»   tlu>   u|>|)(>r    Htcm-lcavcM. 

Calyjttra  Ioiilj,  cucullato.     ('apsulc  t-rt'ct,  arcuate  «)r  ccrmioiis 

aii<l  ]ic'ii(l('iit,  oval-ohloni;  or  Hiilicyliixlrical,  distinctly  annulate. 

IVristonu!  of  10  Nulttilatc  l»iHd  tcctli;  Hi'i^mcntM  rouml-tctra^onal, 

filifornj,  free  or  irrci^iilarly  and  transvcrncly  connate,  j^ranulosc, 

erect  when  inolnt,  incurve<l  when  dry,  rarely  sliujhtly  twistid  to 

the  left.     Culumclla  projecting  beyond  the  mouth  uf  thu  ri]>u 

capsule. 

AllU'd  in  liabit,  mode  of  growth,  ami  toxture  of  tlm  Ioav»'s  to  P'jttia  /  in 
tho  characttT  of  tiie  poristoiiie  to  Tru'hotttomniu  and  llarhnUu 

iit   Capsule  erect. 

1.  D.  latifolius,  Brld.  Mona'clous:  stonis  1  or  2  cm. 
lonj^ :  leaves  open,  erect,  inctirved  or  Hiightly  twisted  when 
dry,  oval-obloni;,  acuminate  or  aristate  l>y  the  excurrent  costa, 
concave  or  carin.ate,  with  borders  revolute :  caly|»tra  coverini:^ 
the  capsule  to  its  base  :  capsule  oblontr,  cylindrical  ;  lid  short- 
beaked,  oblique  ;  annulus  simple.  —  Dryol.  Univ.  I.  5i*4  ;  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  180.  I)icr<imim  latifollum,  Iledw.  Muse.  Fron<l.  i.  89, 
t.  33.  IVichostoiuum  latifolium^  Schwaegr.  Sui)pl.  i.  145; 
Lindb.  Trichost.  224. 

Var.  glacialis,  Schlmp.  Stem  longer,  slender :  costa 
vanishing  below  the  apex.  —  Syn.  157. 

II AH.  California  (1U)lu\vl('r)\  Rocky  Mountains,  with  tho  var.  {Dntm- 
moivl,  E.  Hull,  Downic);  Nevada  Mountains  (  H'f»</<o»j);  Cascade  Moun- 
tains (LyaU)\  San  .Juan  Range,  Colorado  {Urandcycc). 

2.  D.  Systilius,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  JMoncecious :  leaves 
large,  ovate-oblong,  soft,  flat  on  the  bord'  rs,  minutely  crenu- 
late ;  costa  excurrent  into  a  long  hair :  capsule  narrower, 
cylindrical,  soft ;  lid  attached  to  the  columella  and  falling  with 
it ;  teeth  smaller,  less  regular,  partly  transversely  coherent  to 
each  other,  pale.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  131.  Trichostomum 
Systilium^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  589. 

Hau.  Mount  Dana,  California  {Bolander)\  Rocky  Mountains  (Brum- 
mond)x  Colorado  (Dotcnte). 

3.  D.  arenaceus,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Pseudo-di(Eciou.s : 
plants  short,  widely  cespitose :  lower  leaves  short,  erect,  ovate- 


I'A 


1,. 


Ml 


% 


rA 


Wf^rw 


112 


BRYACE^. 


[Desmatodon. 


oblong,  the  upper  longer  and  tufted,  lingulate-oblong,  obtuse 
and  short-apiculute  at  the  apex,  crenulute  on  the  margin, 
j)apillo8e  and  revolute  in  the  upper  part ;  costa  thick,  vanishing 
below  or  at  the  apex  :  male  flowers  terminal,  sometimes  in 
detOL'hed  plants  or  buds  scattered  in  the  compact  tufts:  calyp- 
tra  short,  long-beaked :  capsule  long,  narrow,  cylindrical,  erect 
or  slightly  curved,  broadly  annulate;  lid  conical-obtuse;  teeth 
whitish,  punctulate,  distantly  articulate,  coherent  Jiearly  to  the 
middle,  free  above  and  8i)lit  into  irregular  segments.  —  Muse. 
Bor.-Anter.  Exsicc.  n.  93;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  28; 
Icon.  Muse.  45,  t.  29.  Desmatodon  Ohioensis,  Schimj).  Syn.  159. 
Had.    Sandstone  rocks,  Central  Ohio,  etc.;  common. 

4.  D.  Garberi.  With  the  aspect  and  mode  of  growth  of 
Z>.  arenaceus,  it  differs  in  the  dicccious  inflorescence,  the  leaves 
narrower,  cblong  or  Ungulate,  lanceolate  or  obtuse  to  the  apicu- 
late  apex,  witli  borders  inflexod  above  and  not  crenulate  on  the 
margin,  the  costa  ])ercurrent,  prolonged  downward  and  decur- 
rent  below  the  base  of  the  leaves,  the  cells  of  the  areolation  not 
half  as  large,  opaque  .and  scarcely  papillose  on  the  back,  the 
capsule  oblong-oval,  broader  in  the  middle,  narrowed  to  the 
pedicel  and  upward  to  the  conical  longer-beaked  lid,  the  teeth 
cut  into  two  unequal  segments  free  to  the  base,  attached  to  a 
sliort  membrane,  the  annulus  simple. 

Had.    Florida  (Garber). 

5.  D.  PorterJ,  James.  Dioecious:  also  closely  related  to 
J),  arenaceus,  but  differing  in  the  stems  much  shorter  (1  to  3 
m.m.  long),  tawny  green,  the  leaves  oblong,  tapering  to  the 
acute  apex,  bordered  in  the  upper  part  by  a  pellucid  margin  not 
reflexed,  the  areolation  very  small  and  opaque,  the  dioecious  in- 
florescence, the  capsule  shorter,  oblong,  straight,  the  teeth 
separated  nearly  to  the  base  and  split  into  nearly  equal  seg- 
ments. —  Aust.  Muse.  Appal,  n.  123  ;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl. 
36,  t.  23. 

Hab.  On  rocks  at  Easton,  Pennsylvania  {T.  C.  Porter);  Niagara 
Falls  (G.  W.  Clinton). 

6.  D.  plinthobius,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Dioecious :  plants 
short,  in  pale  green  tufts :  lower  leaves  ovate-oblong,  with  a 
short  hair-noint,  the  upner  lingulate-oblong,  carinate-concave 
with  the  borders  revolute  all  around ;  areolation  minute,  quad- 
rate and  very  chiurophylloje,  and  papillose  in  the  upper  part ; 


Deamatodon.] 


BRYACEiE. 


113 


f 


costa  stout,  excurrent  into  a  long  whitish  smooth  flcxuous  liair  ? 
male  flowers  geinmaceous,  terminal :  caj>sule  eylindrical-oblong, 
erect  or  slightly  curve«l ;  lid  short-rostrate,  obtuse,  inclined ; 
jieristome  short,  with  fragile  whitish  granulose  teeth,  split  to 
the  middle ;  annulus  very  large.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc. 
n.  94 ;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  28,  t.  "2,  and  Icon.  Muse.  47, 
t.  30. 

IIab.  Brick  walls  and  pavements,  Charleston,  S.  Carolina  {liavcnd); 
Nashville,  Tennessee  (Lesqucreitx)',  limestone  rocks,  Pennsylvania  (Por- 
ter) ;  Texas  {Lindlieiiner);  Savannah,  Georgia  (J.  Donnell  Siiutli). 

Belated  to  IJ.  littifollus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  differing  in  the  di(i.'cious  In- 
llorescence,  the  longer  hair-point,  the  longer  and  narrower  capsule,  the 
longer  rostrate  operculum  and  short  calyptra,  the  large  compound  annulus, 
and  the  short  peristome  with  teeth  divided  only  to  the  midcfe. 

7.  D.  Neo-Mexicanus,  SuUiv.  &  Lesq.  ^ronoecious : 
densely  cespitose,  pale  green :  much  like  the  last  species,  from 
which  it  differs  in  the  inflorescence  and  in  the  shorter  whitish 
teeth,  which  are  scarcely  split  or  nearly  entire.  —  Muse.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  95. 

Hab.    Texas  ( Wright). 

8.  D.  nervosus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Monoecious:  plants 
short,  1  cm.  long,  subcespitose  or  pulvinate  ;  tufts  dirty  green  : 
leaves  crowded,  twisted  when  dry,  oblong  or  8ubs])atulate, 
acuminate,  concave,  reflexed  on  the  Ijorders ;  areolation  more 
or  less  pajjillose,  dense  in  the  upper  part,  loose  and  rectangular 
in  the  lower ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  or  passing  up 
into  a  short  j)oint :  male  flowere  gemmiform,  at  the  base  of  the 
fertile  innovations :  calyptra  covering  the  caj)sule  to  near  the 
base :  capsule  elliptical ;  lid  short,  obliquely  beaked ;  teeth 
attached  to  a  somewhat  large  membrane,  very  variable,  short, 
the  segments  unequal,  often  cohering,  very  papillose,  ferru- 
ginous, erect,  open  when  dry,  oblique  when  moist ;  annulus 
simple.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  132.  IVichostonmni  convohitum^ 
Brid. ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  590.  Grimmia  citrovirens^  Smith,  Engl. 
Bot.  t.  2015.  Harbula  atrovirens^  Schimp.  Syn.  (ed.  2)  194. 
Tortula  atrovirens,  Lindb. 

Var.  edentulus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  smaller:  lid 
erect,  conical :  peristome  rudimentary.  —  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse. 
Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  121. 

IIab.  On  clay  and  adobe  walls,  California  {Bolandev),  very  common; 
Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California  (Palmer). 


i'i 


i. 


■M 


r 


f  ijifiip 


!  i 

i   ; 

t' 

;   l'' 

i 

f 

1 

114 


BRYACE.E. 


[Desinutodon. 


9.  D.  obtusifolius,  Schimp.  MoncDcious :  plants  1  cm. 
long,  subeespitose :  leaves  crowded,  soft,  erect,  8j)reuding  from 
the  middle.  Ungulate-lanceolate,  acuminate  or  obtuse,  very 
entire,  hyaline  up  to  three-fourths  of  their  length,  densely 
chlorophyllose  above,  minutely  ])aj)illose  on  the  back,  the  lower 
smaller,  obtuse  or  blunt-pointed,  yellowish  hyaline  nearly  the 
whole  length :  male  flowers  gemmaceous  :  calyptra  tawny :  lid 
short-beaked ;  teeth  free,  slightly  twisted  to  the  left ;  annulus 
large,  compound,  revoluble.  —  Syn.  158.  Tortula  ohtusifoUa^ 
Schleich. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  236.  liarbula  obtusifolia^  Schwaegr. 
Supj)l.  i.  129,  t.  31.  Desmatodon  Jiavicans,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  133. 

Hau.  Rocky  Mountains  {Drummond)\  on  the  ground,  California 
(Bolander)',  Echo  Cafion,  Wasatch  Mountains  (IVatson);  Janesville, 
Wisconsin  {Lapham). 

Very  variable  in  the  size  of  the  plants  and  of  the  leares,  which  are  also 
more  or  less  obtuse  or  even  distinctly  acuminate. 

10.  D.  Guepini,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Inflorescence  and  mode 
of  growth  as  in  the  preceding:  lower  leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
the  upper  oval-oblong,  awned  by  the  excurrent  costa,  with  the 
borders  recurved,  distinctly  papillose  on  the  back :  capsule 
oblong,  subcylindrical ;  lid  large,  conical,  short-beaked  ;  teeth 
free  to  the  base,  very  papillose,  reddish,  erect  when  dry,  half- 
convolute  when  moist ;  annulus  narrow,  simple.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  133.  Barhula  Guepini^  Schimp.  Syn.  (ed.  2),  197.  Trichos- 
tomum  Guepini^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  590. 

Hab.    With  the  last,  California  (Bolander). 

*  ♦   Capsule  curved  or  pendent. 

11. 'D.  cernuus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  short,  loosely 
cespitose :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  the  lower  small-ovate,  the 
upper  spatulate-lanceolate,  obscurely  serrate  or  crenulate  above, 
papillose,  mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa  :  capsule  cernuous, 
broadly  ovate,  solid,  brown,  on  a  long  reddish  pedicel ;  lid 
short-rostellate ;  teeth  cut  into  two  or  three  filiform  segments, 
either  free  or  partly  coherent ;  annulus  compound,  persistent.  — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  134.  Didymodon  latifolius,  Wahl.  Fl.  Lap.  313, 
t.  20.     Trichostoinum  cernuum,  Lindb.  Trichost.  225. 

Hab.  Rocky  Mountains  of  British  America,  in  fissures  of  wet  rocks 
(Drummond);  Ruby  Valley,  Nevada  (  Watson);  Edmonton  River,  Canada, 
etc.  (Macoun).  The  species  has  not  been  found,  however,  in  Colorado 
nor  in  California. 


Barbula.] 


BRYACEiE. 


115 


12.  D.  obliquus,  Brucli  4S5  Schimp.  Stems  short :  leaves 
ovate-oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate,  awnetl  or  cuspidate  by  the  ex- 
current  costa,  revoluble  on  the  borders,  closely  pa|)illose  and 
chlorophyllose  in  the  upper  part,  the  double  papilhc  distinctly 
prominent  on  the  borders:  capsule  cylindrical,  obli([ue  :  teeth 
reddish  and  bifid  to  near  the  base,  twisting  to  the  left ;  annulus 
simple.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  18(3.  Tortula  suherecta.  Hook.  &, 
Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  145.  Trichoatomum  obli- 
qitum^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  594. 

IIab.    Shady  alpine  localities;  Rocky  Mountains  {Dnnnmond). 

13.  D.  Laureri,  Bruch  &  Sciiimp.  Plants  soft,  in  small 
compact  green  tufts  intermixed  with  ra<licles,  yellowish 
below :  leaves  close,  imb*  icate,  spreading,  soft,  ovate-oblong, 
the  upper  longer,  apiculate,  bordered  by  a  narrow  yellowish 
loosely  areolate  revolute  margin,  reddish  at  base,  hyaline  up- 
ward to  the  middle,  paj)illose  on  both  faces :  capsule  jtendent 
from  the  arcuate  pedicel,  oblong ;  lid  small,  with  a  short  blunt 
beak ;  teeth  purj)le,  slightly  twisted,  attached  to  a  broad  dark 
red  membrane ;  annulus  double,  each  series  detaching  sepa- 
rately.—  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  185.  7Vichostonm?n  Laureri^  Schultz, 
Regensb.  Flora,  x.  161.     Tortula  Laureri^  Lindb.  Trichost.  248. 

Had.    Snow  Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  upon  the  ground  (DrM»n- 
montl);  Colorado  {Downie,  Eothrock,  Wolf). 

44.  BARBULA,  Kedwig.    (PI.  1.) 
Mode  of  growth,  habit,  and  form  and  reticulation  of  the  leave 
as  in  Tnchostomum.     Peristome  of  16  teeth,  divided  into  32 
long  filiform  segments,  twisted  to  the  left,  attached  to  a  more  or 
less  elonsrated  tubuliform  tessellate  membrane. 

§  1.  Aloidell^e.  —  Plants  very  small,  (fref/arious,  annual: 
leaves  rigid,  incurved  above;  costa  thickened  and  dilated 
toicard  the  apex,  and  covered  with  articulate  ^filaments : 
basilar  membrane  of  the  peristome  short. 

1.  B.  brevirOStris,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bisexual :  plants 
very  small,  gemmiform :  lower  leaves  round-ovate,  the  upper 
broadly  oblong,  obtuse:  teeth  making  a  single  turn;  annulus 
broad,  revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  138.  Tortula  brevirostris. 
Hook.  &  Grev. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  233. 

Hab.    Rocky  Mountains  (Brummond)',  British  Columbia  (Macoun). 


ii! 


m 


■..Kj 

f 


m 


I 


WY^^ww 


116 


BRYACE^. 


[Barbula. 


, 


iiill 


2.  B.  rigida,  Schultz.  Dioecious :  leaves  spreading  from  an 
erect  base,  oblong,  obtuse  or  apiculate,  rarely  hair-i)ointed : 
calyptra  long- rostrate,  reaching  the  middle  of  the  ca])8ule :  cap- 
sule   ellijitical-oblong ;     lid    long-beaked ;    teeth 


long. 


twice 


twisted  ;  annulus  broa<l,  revoluble.  —  Recens.  Barb.  196,  t.  32  ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  137.     Tortula  atellata^  Lindb.  Trichost.  283. 

Vars.  mucronulata,  and  pilifera,  Schimp.  Ui)per 
leaves  mucronnte,  or  hair-pointed.  —  Syn.  104. 

Ham.  Rocky  Mountains,  Colorado  (E.  Uall).  Var.  mucronulata  on 
Guadalupe  Island,  Lower  California  {Palmer). 

3.  B.  ambigua,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Dioecious :  jdants 
somewhat  longer :  leaves  expanded  star-like  froni  an  ovate 
base,  linear-lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  aj)ex,  reddish  on  the  back : 
calyi)tra  shorter,  scarcely  reaching  the  base  of  the  short-beaked 
lid :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  furrowed  when  dry ;  teeth 
longer,  twisted  once  or  a  little  more,  incurved  when  dry. — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  139.  li.  rigida^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  65,  t.  25, 
excl.  peristome.  Tortula  ambigua^  Angstr. ;  Lindb.  Trichost. 
235. 

Had.    On  tlie  ground,  near  Athens,  Illinois  (E.  Uall). 

§  2.  CiiLOROxoT.E.  —  Plants  jyerennial,  cespitose :  leaves  broad 
and  thin,  not  incurved  on  the  borders;  costa  round, Jila- 
mentose  above :  teeth  of  the  peristome  closely  twisted ; 
basilar  membrane  short,  tubulose. 

4.  B.  membranifolia,  Schultz.  Monoecious :  the  plants 
longer,  in  thick  small  tufts,  hirsute  with  white  hairs  upon  the 
leaves,  interwoven  with  radicles :  leaves  open-erect,  broadly 
ovate  and  oblong,  lanceolate,  very  concave,  the  areolation  irre- 
gularly rhomboidal  at  the  denticulate  apex ;  costa  excurrent 
into  a  long  white  hair :  male  flowers  near  the  base  of  the  peri- 
cha'tium,  monoiihyllous  or  diphyllous :  calyptra  reaching  to  the 
middle  of  the  ovate-elliptical  erect  or  slightly  curved  capsule ; 
lid  narrow,  short-beaked  ;  teeth  thrice  twisted  ;  annulus  simple. 
—  Recens.  Barb.  226,  t.  34 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  140.  Tortula  mem- 
hranifolia.  Hook.  Muse.  Exot.  t.  26.  Tortula  squamigera, 
DeNot. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  235. 

Hah,  Western  Arizona,  near  the  mouth  of  Santa  Maria  Creek  {Bige- 
loio);  Rocky  Mountains  {E.  Hall). 

5.  B.  chloronotOS,  Bruch.  Dioecious:  plants  short, 
closely  cespitose:  leaves  close,  imbricate  when  .dry,  spreading 


Sarbula.] 


BUYACE/E. 


117 


M'hen  moist,  ovatc-oblonc^,  obtuse  or  sHufhtly  acute,  concave, 
with  a  round  yellowish  costa  excurrent  into  a  smooth  more  or 
less  enlarged  liair;  meshes  of  tLo  areolation  minutely  (puulrate 
to  near  the  base,  there  becoming  loose  and  rectangular :  male 
f.lants  smaller:  capsule  elliptic-oval,  narrow,  slight'y  curved, 
smaller;  teeth  reddish,  twice  twisted;  annulus  compoun<l. — 
3Iuell.  Muse.  Sard.  1829 ;  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  141.  'Jhrtula  crassi. 
nervi'Sy  DeXot. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  23G. 

IlAu.  Dry  ravines  on  Williams  Fork  of  the  Colorado,  with  li.  mem- 
bran\foU'i  (liujclow). 

§  3.  CuNEiFOLi.E.  Plants  short:  leni^es  soft^  more  or  less 
jKipillosey  ovate  or  spatnlate-oblonff,  with  a  round  naked 
costa:  teeth  of  the  peristome  long^  closely  many  times 
tmsted. 

6.  B.  CUneifolia,  Brid.  Monoecious:  plants  ^  to  1  cm. 
long,  soft,  simple,  subcespitose :  lower  leaves  distant,  broadly 
ovate,  short-acuminate,  the  up])er  crowded  and  rosulate,  oblong- 
obovate  or  spatulate,  abruptly  acuminate  or  apiculate ;  costa 
vanishing  below  the  apex,  sometimes  prolonged  into  a  mucro, 
rarely  into  a  short  hair-point ;  areolation  loose :  male  flowers 
1-3-leaved :  calyptra  large,  descending  to  below  the  middle  of 
tlie  capsule :  pedicel  reddish :  capsule  elliptic-oblong,  scarcely 
incurved  ;  teeth  attached  to  a  somcAvhat  long  tubular  mem- 
brane; annulus  simi>Ie,  falling  off  in  fragments.  —  Bryol.  Univ.. 
i.  549;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  156.  Brynm  cnneifolium^  IJicks.  Plant, 
Crypt,  iii.  7.  Tortida  cuneijblia,  Koth ;  Lindb.  Trichost. 
237. 

IIab.    Clay  soil,  near  Oakland,  California  {liolander). 

7.  B.  Vahliana,  Schultz.  Monoecious :  plants  ^  to  1  cm. 
long,  gregarious  or  subcespitose :  leaves  soft,  the  lower  oblong, 
the  upper  oblong  or  Ungulate,  undulate  on  the  borders,  mar- 
gined by  a  row  of  yellowish  cells,  distinctly  crenulate,  flat  or 
reflexed,  mucronate  or  subulate  by  the  excurrent  costa :  male 
flowers  terminal  on  short  slender  branches :  capsule  long,  cylin- 
drical, narrow,  slightly  curved ;  lid  short-subulate ;  teeth  long, 
attached  to  a  quadrately  tessellate  basilar  membrane,  closely 
convolute ;  annulus  broad,  compound.  —  Recens.  Barb.  222, 
t.  34;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  157.  Tortida  Vahliana,  Wils. ;  Lindb. 
Trichost.  237. 

Hab.    Clay  soil ;  Cajon  Pass  {Bigelovo),  and  Monte  Diablo  ( liolander). 


I' 


IW 


118 


BRYACE^. 


[liarbula. 


h  \ 


■ 

'1 

1 :      ' 


8.  B.  marginata,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Mona?cioii8 :  habit 
nnd  mode  of  growth  as  in  B.  Jiolamleri ;  leaves  soft,  oblong, 
Ungulate  or  subspatnlate,  obtuse  or  slightly  acuminate,  mucro- 
nate  or  cuspidate,  carinate-concave,  bordered  by  a  double  layer 
of  two  or  three  rows  of  rectangular  thick  yellowish  cells;  costa 
yellow,  passing  beyond  the  aj)ex ;  areolation  minutely  quadrate- 
hexagonal,  chlorophyllose  and  papillose  in  the  uj)per  part,  loose 
and  smooth  in  the  lower:  male  flowers  axillary:  capsule  oblong- 
cylindrical,  light  brown ;  lid  narrowly  conical,  blunt,  slightly 
curved;  teeth  twisted  once;  annulus  broad,  simple.  —  Bryoh 
Eur.  1. 158.  Tortilla  ccmpitosa^  Hook.  4&  Grev.  l.\  marginata^ 
Spruce ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  238. 

Hab.  California  (UUjelow);  walls  of  houses  in  Virginia  and  Wash- 
ington {James). 

9.  B.  Bolanderi,  Lesq.  Dioecious:  plants  5  m.m.  long, 
gregarious,  dirty  straw-color,  simple  or  fasciculately  branched  at 
the  apex :  lower  leaves  short,  open,  the  upper  rosulate,  spread- 
ing or  reilexed.  Ungulate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  apiculate  by  the 
thick  brown  exctirrent  costa;  borders  flat,  or  reflexed  in  the 
middle  of  the  leaves :  male  plants  slender,  intermixed  with  the 
fertile  ones:  capsule  narrowly  ovate,  erect  or  inclined,  dark 
red;  lid  conical  -  rostrate,  blunt,  straight  or  inclined;  teeth 
gi'anulose,  on  a  short  basilar  yellowish  membrane,  twisting 
once;  annulus  narrow,  simple,  persistent.  —  Trans.  Am.  Phil. 
Soc.  xiii.  5 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  ^ed.  2), 
n.  139. 

Had.  Roclcs  near  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  California  (Bolander), 
abundant. 

Related  to  B.  Vahliana  and  B.  marginata,  but  diifering  from  the  first  in 
its  shorter  rosulate  simple  stems,  from  tlie  second  in  tlie  emarginate  leaves 
and  simple  annulus,  from  both  in  the  broader  Ungulate  merely  mucronate 
leaves,  the  darlc  red  capsule,  the  short  basilar  membrane  of  the  peristome, 
and  the  dia'cious  inflorescence. 

10.  B.  amplexa,  Lesq.  1.  c.  Dioecious :  plants  gregarious, 
very  short,  dirty  gree.i:  leaves  hard  but  fragile,  loosely  imbri- 
cate. Ungulate,  obtuse  or  short-acuminate,  concave,  with  borders 
revolute  in  the  middle  or  plane  all  around ;  costa  thick,  vanish- 
ing below  the  apex ;  upper  areolation  chlorophyllose,  opaque ; 
inner  perichaetial  leaves  two,  closely  clasping  the  vaginule,  erect, 
abruptly  recurved  at  the  apex,  sometimes  truncate,  apiculate : 
capsule  short,  narrow,  pale  green  when  young,  yellowish  when 


Barbnla] 


BRYACE.E. 


119 


old,  cylinrlrioal,  erect ;  pedicel  lonsf,  slender,  yellow;  lid  straight, 
reddish :  the  inflorescence,  j)erist<)me,  and  annulus  as  in  the 
last  species.  —  8uHiv.  &  Lescj.  Muse.  Hor.-Ani.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2) 
n.  140. 

Had.  On  stones,  in  springs  near  San  Francisco,  California  (/io/aHt/er) ; 
FortCoIville  {W'utHon). 

11.  B.  brevipes,  Lesq.  Dia'cious:  crregarious  or  subces- 
pitose ;  stems  very  short,  simple:  leaves  rosiilate,  lingulate  or 
oblong,  cuneiform,  obtuse,  revolute  on  the  borders,  carinate, 
concave  in  the  uj>per  ])art ;  costa  excurrent  into  a  short  hair- 
like smooth  point :  male  j)lants  slender ;  flowers  terminal:  ca|)- 
sule  long,  cylindrical,  slender,  subincurved ;  lid  long-conical, 
obtuse;  peristome  syntrichial ;  basilar  mend)rane  long,  quad- 
rately  tessellate ;  teeth  long,  closely  twisted,  blood-red ;  annulus 
large,  compound.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  12. 

Hau.  Mud  walls,  Mission  Dolores,  in  mats  an  incli  in  diameter  or 
more,  .and  on  tlie  Russian  River  divide,  California  (liolunder);  VW'stern 
Nevada  (  WatHon). 

Related  in  tlie  mode  of  growth  and  characters  of  the  leaves  to  the  three 
preceding  species,  but  differing  in  the  long  tubular  membrane  of  the 
peristome,  wliicli  is  like  that  of  li.  canesccHs,  a  stouter  species  which  has 
the  areolation  of  tlie  leaves  smaller  and  close,  and  a  monoecious  inflor- 
escence. 

12.  B.  muralis,  Timm.  Monojcious :  pulvinate  or  cespi- 
tose  tufts  whitish  green  ;  stems  J  to  2  cm.  long :  lower  leaves 
oblong-lanceolate,  the  npj^er  long-lingulate,  unequal  sided  at 
the  very  papillose  apex,  closely  revolute,  thus  appearing  mar- 
ginate ;  costa  broad,  passing  beyond  the  apex  into  a  more  or 
less  elongated  hair-point ;  areolation  small,  indistinct  in  the 
upper  part,  loosely  rectangular  and  hyaline  in  the  lower :  male 
flowers  gemmiform  in  separate  branchlets  :  capsule  ovate-oblong 
or  subcylindrical,  regular,  brown ;  lid  long-beaked,  slightly 
curved ;  teeth  attached  to  a  very  narrow  membrane,  closely 
twisted ;  annulus  compound.  —  Fl.  Megap.  220 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  159.  Hryum  miirale,  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1117.  Tortula 
muralis^  Iledw.  Fund.  Muse.  ii.  92 ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  239. 

Hab.  On  rocks,  Pennsylvania  (T.  C.  Porter)',  California  {Bolander); 
Charleston,  S.  C.  {J.  Donnell  Smith);  Norfolk,  Virginia  (James);  on  stone 
walls,  Lodi,  New  Jersey  (Austin). 

Very  variable  in  the  size  of  the  plants  and  of  the  capsule,  and  in  the 
shape  of  the  leaves,  which  are  lanceolate  or  obtu°e  or  even  obcordate  at  ■ 
the  apex,  with  the  hair-like  point  varying  in  length. 


I     !^ 


I  i.('i 


fWir'" 


120 


Bli/ACE^. 


[Darbula. 


«il 


§  4.  XJsGVicvhXTJE.  Plants  longer^  cespitoae:  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate;  areolation  close^  minute^  vhloroplnjllose  ahove^ 
hyaline  or  yeilowiah  at  base ;  costa  naked,  not  jtrolonf/ed 
into  a  hair-point;  perichoitium  sheathing:  flowers  dite- 
cious :  teeth  of  the  peristome  long^  closely  ttcistedj  attached 
to  a  very  short  membrane. 

13.  B.  unguiculata,  Iledw.  In  soft  bright  or  dirty  green 
tufts :  leaves  narrowly  ovate  and  oblong,  linear-lanceolate, 
generally  blunt  at  the  apex  or  mucronate  by  the  excurrent 
costa,  plane,  concave  and  revolute  on  the  borders  from  the 
middle  downward,  carinate  and  flat  on  the  borders  in  the  upper 
part,  where  the  green  areolation  is  closely  pai)illose  and  in<li8- 
tinct ;  perichietial  leaves  hyaline  to  near  the  aj>ex  :  calyj)tra 
narrow,  long-beaked,  reaching  a  little  below  the  conical  long- 
rostrate  straight  or  curved  lid  :  capsule  oblong-elliptical  or  sub- 
cylindncal,  regular  or  .subincurved ;  teeth  purj)le,  twisted  two 
or  three  times  ;  annulus  none.  —  Frond.  Muse.  ii.  92,  and  Muse. 
Frond,  i.  59,  t.  23 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  142,  143.  Jiryum  nngidcu- 
latum,  Dill.     Tortula  tingiticulata,  Roth  ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  241. 

Had.  On  damp  black  suil,  along  fences,  on  rocks,  stones,  etc. ;  very 
eomnion  and  variable. 

A  number  of  forms  are  described  by  authors,  as  Vars.  cuspidata,  apicu- 
lata,  microcnrpa,  obtusifolia,  faatiyiata,  etc.,  whose  characters  are  indi- 
cated by  their  names.  Most  of  these,  if  not  all,  are  found  in  N.  America; 
the  last  only  is  alpine. 

14.  B.  Jooriana,  Muell.  Loosely  cespitose,  small,  bright 
green,  easily  moistened  and  soft ;  stems  8imj>le  or  with  a  short 
terminal  innovation  :  leaves  slightly  crispate,  erect,  open  when 
moistened,  linear-lanceolate  from  a  half-clasping  narrowly  oblong 
more  pellucid  base,  obtuse,  acute  or  short-mucronate,  slightly 
revolute  toward  the  base ;  costa  yellow,  scabrous  on  the  back, 
excurrent ;  cells  of  the  areolation  rectangular  and  large  toward 
the  base,  minutely  hexagonal,  very  chlorophyllose,  distinct  and 
scarcely  papillose  toward  the  apex ;  perichaetial  leaves  erect, 
long-sheathing,  oblong,  acuminate,  not  mucronate :  capsule 
erect,  small,  oblong,  on  a  short  reddish  pedicel ;  teeth  very 
slender,  hair-like,  split  to  near  the  base,  reddish.  —  Bull.  Torr. 
Club.  V.  49,  and  Kegensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  77. 

Hab.  Clayey  ground,  near  Baton  Rouge  (Dr.  t/bor).  Specimens  doubt- 
fully referred  to  this  species  by  Austin  are  ticketed  as  from  Port  Royal, 
S.  C.  {Austin). 


Barbnla.] 


BRYACE.E. 


121 


The  author  romnrks  that  it  is  somewhat  like  It.  tinrfufculata.  Indootl, 
from  tliR  cliaraotors  al)ov(!  Riven,  the  diffurenoe  is  unimportant.  Jt,  line- 
emllt,  Aust.  (('oult.  Hot.  Gaz.  ii.  80)«  doscrilicd  from  sterile  specimens, 
appears  referalile  to  tliis  species.  Tlie  short  stems,  the  leaves  crispate 
wlicn  Iry,  ovate  and  lanceolate-oblong  and  subcarinate,  somewhat  obtuse, 
minutely  apiculate,  with  borders  narrowly  recurved  at  base,  the  costa 
minutely  papillose  on  the  back,  etc  ,  are  characters  that  are  indicated  in 
B,  Joorlana. 

15.  B.  fallaz,  Ilodw.  Plants  loosely  nnd  widely  ccspitoso, 
dusky  green,  reddish  brown  when  dry  ;  steins  radieuloso  at  the 
base  of  the  innovations :  leaves  s(iuarrose  or  reeurved-s|)readin<;, 
twisted  when  dry,  laneeolate  or  linear-lanoeolate  from  a  more 
enlarged  base,  eonnate,  revoluble  on  the  borders ;  cells  of  the 
areolation  minute,  shortly  pa|)illose,  yellowish,  diaphanous, 
equal  to  the  base ;  perieluetial  leaves  half-sheathing,  the  inner 
bright  green,  the  outer  brownish  green  or  ferruginous :  calyptra 
descending  lower  than  in  H.  imguiculata :  capsule  ovate- 
oblong,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  orifice,  slightly  incurved, 
brown  ;  lid  purple,  subulate,  nearly  as  long  as  the  ca[)sule ; 
teeth  very  long  and  many  times  closely  twisted  ;  animlus  none. 
—  Muse.  Frond,  i.  62,  t.  24;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  147.  Tortula 
imherhiSy  Smiih  ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  250. 

HAn.  Roeky  Mountains  (Drummond)\  Fort  Edward,  New  York,  and 
Monroe  Co.,  Pennsylvania  (Ja;«e.s);  College  Hill,  Easton  {T.  C.  Porter); 
Ontario,  Canada  {Mrs.  Roy). 

Of  the  numerous  varieties,  the  more  marked  are  Var.  hrevicaulia,  Bruch 
&  Schimp.,  with  simple  and  shorter  stem,  and  shorter  capsule,  lid,  and 
peristome;  and  Var.  brevifolia,  Schultz,  densely  cespltose,  with  ovate- 
lanceolate  leaves. 

16.  B.  Subfallax,  Mucll.  Much  resembling  the  last,  but 
differing  in  its  pale  green  color,  the  leaves  not  plicate  at  base, 
the  cells  of  the  areolation  minutely  i>apillose,  round-quadrate, 
soft,  more  distinctly  rectangular  and  pellucid  at  the  base,  the 
perichajtial  leaves  longer  and  larger,  spreading,  revolute  on  the 
borders  like  the  stem-leaves,  slightly  sheatliing  at  base,  the 
cells  of  the  areolation  longer  and  narrower,  the  capsule  on  a 
short  purple  flexuous  pedicel,  and  the  annulus  simple,  per- 
sistent. —  Bot.  Zeit.  XX.  338.  Ji.  fallax,  SuUiv.  Pacif.  Ii.  Rep. 
iv.  186. 

Hab.  Cajon  Pass,  Sierra  Nevada  {Bigelow);  near  San  Francisco 
{Bolander);  San  Jose  Valley  (Bauer). 

Except  the  presence  of  a  simple  scarcely  distinct  annulus,  the  specific 
characters  are  unimportant. 


i 


i 


(■<» 
•.*■ 


:)  I 


I 


Iff 


1^2 


DRYACE.E. 


[Barhuta, 


m^^ 


mi 


h  I 


il       t''^ 


ill 


17.  B.  recurvifolia,  Schim)).  Tufts  rcdd'iHh  brown  ;  Htoma 
wloiidcr:  Iciivt's  N|)r('a(lin<r  or  ciirvi'*!  backward,  loowly  iinbri- 
cntv  and  sli<;btly  twiHtod  whon  dry,  broader,  nhortor  and  nioro 
solid  than  those  of  /i./alla,i\  acutely  carinate,  [tapilloHe  on  both 
faces;  borders  plane,  erect  above,  reHcxed  near  the  base;  costa 
brown  to  the  apex  ;  areolation  a«  in  Ji.  /alliWy  the  basilar  cells 
only  a  little  larj^er,  <juadrate  and  rectanj^idar :  calyptra  very 
narrow,  long-subulate,  covering  a  third  of  the  capsule  :  capsule 
erect,  long,  cylincb-ical,  regular,  reddish  brown  ;  lid  subulate, 
i)eaked  ;  annulus  none.  —  Coroll.  141,  and  Syn.  170;  Aust. 
Muse.  Appal.  Suppl.  Ji.  fallnir^  var.  recurrifolui,  Wils.  Hryol. 
IJrit.  124.      Tortnla  recur oif alia.  Berk. ;  Undb.  Trichost.  250. 

II AH.  On  rooks,  Ilobokon,  New  Jersey;  Nlajjara  Fiilis  (AuHtln)\ 
region  of  the  great  lakes,  Canada  (Macoun)\  Colorado  (II.  A.  Vnup). 

18.  B.  Oruegeri,  Sonder.     Plants  very  loosely  and  widely 

cespitose,  reddish  brown  below,  pale  green  above  ;  stems  slender, 

divided  by  a  simple  innovation  at  the  apex :  stem-leaves  distant, 

somewhat  twisted,  open,  recurved  when  moist,  and  incurved  at 

the  apex,  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse,  short-mucronate,  the  borders 

entire,  revolute  at  base;  nerve  thick,  subexcurrent,  green  ;  cells 

of  the  areolation  minutely  quadrate  and  green  at  base,  very 

nnnutc  and  very  opaque,  ])apillose  in  the  upper  part ;  periclia)- 

tial  leaves  larger,  broader  and  more  loosely  areolate  at  base : 

cai)sule  erect,  narrowly  cylindrical,  pale  ;  lid  obliquely  rostrate, 

acute,  red ;    teeth    long  and   very  slender,   closely  twisted ; 

annulus  none.  —  Muell.  Syn.  i.  618. 

IlAn.  Borders  of  the  Mississippi  River,  Louisiana  (C.  Mohr)\  Florida 
(Garber)\  sterile. 

19.  B.  cancellata,  Muell.  Plants  loosely  cc  pitose,  short, 
slender,  simple,  crispate,  yellowish  green :  stem-leaves  erect, 
close,  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse  and  short-mucronate,  concave, 
deeply  canaliculate  with  a  thick  reddish  costa,  rugose  on  tlie 
back,  narrowly  reflexed  toward  the  base ;  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion small,  regularly  rectangular  at  base,  smaller,  quadrate, 
dark  green  and  pa]>illose  above;  pericluetial  leaves  narrowed 
and  lanceolate-acuminate  from  the  sheathing  base,  with  a  looser 
more  elliptical  areolation  :  pedicel  red,  flexuous :  lid  conical, 
oblique,  as  long  as  the  cylindrical  capsule ;  teeth  cancellate 
(fontinaloid),  very  slender  and  smooth,  purple,  split  to  near  the 
base.  —  Regensb.  Flora,  Ivi.  483  (1873). 


Hurhitlii.] 


imVACKE. 


128 


^  ; 


Ham.    Toxfts,  Dulltis  County  (./.  Unll). 

Miicli  liko  lilt!  liiHt,  Itiit  «litr«'riiiK  ill  tho  long  toeth  of  the  conical  thin 
I'pristoiiit',  ii])p<>uili<'iilikt('  llkt>  tlioH*'  of  a  FmitiiuiliH, 

•JO.  B.  brachyphylla,  Sulliv.  IMantH  loni;,  di'iini'ly  oi'spi- 
toMc,  taNtigiatt'ly-luMiichini;,  ra»li»'ul«)Hu  their  whole  ii'iiixth  : 
K'uvt'8  open,  ovate,  narrowed  to  the  obtuse  apex,  thick,  «lark 
brown,  the  bonlerw  recurved  all  aroinid  ;  cohta  Htout,  percurrent : 
calyptra  short:  capsule  cylindrical,  erect;  li<l  hmg-rostrate ; 
teeth  twisted  half-way  anunid  or  scarcely  so  much,  attached  to 
ft  very  narrow  nienilirane. —  Pacif.  R.  Kep.  iv.  IISO,  t.  2;  Sulllv. 
&  Lesij.  Muse.  Hor.-A'.j.  F^xsicc.  n.  KM)". 

IIah.     Noar  Heniciii,  Culifoniiii  (liiijdow). 

-1.  B.  purpurea,  Muell.  Differs  from  the  preceding 
species  in  its  small  rii;i«l  purple  tufts,  the  short  stems  divided 
above  into  a  few  short  branches,  naked  below :  stem-leaves  few, 
open,  spreadinif  when  moist,  purplish,  oblong  and  broader  in 
the  lower  part,  then  oblitpiely  lance(>late,  blunt  at  the  apex,  tho 
costa  thick,  j>urple,  canaliculate,  the  cells  of  the  nreolation 
thick,  small,  reddish,  (piadrate,  in  the  upper  i)art  rounded, 
smaller  and  more  oblifpie :  cai)sule  small,  ovate,  with  a  broad 
orifice  when  <leoperculate,  the  ealyi»tra  loni;,  embracincf  its  base. 
—  I{ei;ensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  78  (1875).  Ji.  ImicliifplujUa^  Sulliv.  & 
Lesq.  Muse.  IJor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  185,  in  ])art,  fide  Muell. 

Hab.  On  rocks  near  Oakland,  California,  mixed  with  It.  virescena 
{Bolaniirr). 

22.  B.  rigidula,  Schimp.  Tufts  brown  or  dirty  ^eon  ; 
stem  straight:  leaves  open  or  a  little  recurved,  long-lanceolate, 
carinate,  with  borders  recurved  in  the  n|)per  part,  revolute  in 
the  lower,  nearly  smooth  and  very  entire;  basilar  areolation 
rectangular,  narrow,  the  upper  minutely  (pia«b'ate,  distinct ; 
costa  percnrrent ;  pericha>tial  leaves  scarcely  distinct  from  the 
u])j)er  stem-leaves :  caly])tra  long-beaked,  often  half-contorted  : 
capsule  erect  or  slightly  curved,  nearly  cylindrical,  chestnut- 
color,  i)olished ;  pedicel  straight,  reddish ;  lid  short-beaked, 
oblique ;  teeth  attached  to  a  short  membrane  with  nodose  seg- 
ments, free  or  partly  coherent,  oblique  or  slightly  twisted ; 
annulus  simple,  narrow.  —  Syn.  (ed.  2),  206.  Trichostomiim 
riffidnlum,  Smith,  Fl.  Brit.  iii.  1238;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  176. 
Tortula  rigidula^  Lindb.  Trichost.  249. 

Hab.  Rocky  Mountains  (Drinnmond);  Russian  River,  California 
(Bolander);  Vancouver  Island  (Lyall). 


■'  ■  { 

'A 
■■■'■': 
i" 


:;.Ji, 


K>fJ 


Y^w^ 


124 


BltVACE.E. 


[Ildrhitla. 


23.  B.  vinealiS,  nraun.  Allin]  tu  Ji.fdllax:  ]>lantN  more 
rohuHt,  HliortiT,  in  kiiuiII  rcMhlUli  fiMTii^inotiM  tiit'tN :  Icmvcn 
Hpreadiii^  or  mihrt'cnrvi'd,  eri'ct-iiU'urviMl,  iiiihricati'  when  «Iry, 
the  iippcr  flt'xiiouM  at  the  acute  ajicx,  more  nurrouly  lanceolate 
from  the  ovate  haHc ;  ct)Hta  brown,  Huhexcurrcnt ;  cells  of  the 
hasilar  areolation  broader,  rectani;ular,  chloropliyllose,  the 
upper  minute,  roun<l,  inflated  or  very  slii^htly  papillose  ;  peri- 
eliM'tial  leaves  lonj^er,  half-sheathim;,  more  abruptly  narn>\ve(l, 
Aubulate  :  calyptra  reach'ng  the  mi<Idle  of  the  capsule,  subulate- 
beake<l :  capsule  narrowly  elliptical-obhmi;,  rei^ular  or  slifj^htly 
incurved,  reddisli-brown,  on  a  stronij  purplish  pedicel ;  lid  nar- 
rowly conical,  obliijuely  rostrate;  teeth  shorter,  paler,  twisted 
once  or  once  and  a  half  around ;  basilar*  membrane  short, 
punctulato ;  annuluH  double,  broader.  —  Hrid.  IJryol.  Tniv. 
i.  830;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  14H;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  3[usc.  Hor.-Am. 
Exsice.  (ed.  2),  n.  130.  Tortula  rutealiSy  Spruce ;  Lindb. 
Trichost.  240,  and  Hot.  Notis.  1H(').%  77. 

II AD.  Moist  or  shadud  rocks,  California  ( lllr/elow,  Holander,  Watnon ) ; 
very  common  In  California  and  extremuly  variable. 

24.  B.  flexifolia,  Ilampe.  Differs  from  7?.  viiieaHs  in  the 
leaves  crisped  when  dry,  reflexed  when  moistened,  the  borders 
revohite,  the  cai>8ule  narrower  subcylindrical,  dark  red  or  brown, 
and  the  teetli  much  twisted.  —  LinnaDa,  xxx.  45(5. 

Had.  On  the  ground  in  the  Sierra  Nevadp,  California,  at  3,500  feet 
altitude  (Jinucr);  conunon  In  California  (liolandcr). 

From  the  examination  of  a  large  number  of  speolmens  we  find,  contraiy 
to  Hampe's  description,  the  oiiercuhun  sometimes  as  long  as  or  even 
longer  than  In  li.  vinmlla.  The  author  says  that  It  Is  only  one-third  of 
the  length  of  the  capsule,  and  that  the  toeth  of  the  peristome  are  reddish, 
then  white  or  very  variable  in  color  and  he  compares  it  to  li.  neiuUorta, 
Sulliv.,  from  which  it  is  very  dial  a;)',.  This  and  other  species  of  the 
B.  vinealia  group  are  most  dlfHcult  tj  separate,  and  their  number  may  be 
either  reduced  or  indefinitely  increased. 

25.  B.  virescens,  Lesq.  Differs  from  H.  vinealis  in  its 
longer  stems,  dark  brown  in  the  lower  part,  pale  green  above, 
the  leaves  longer-lanceolate  from  the  base,  undulate,  with  bor- 
ders revolute  to  the  apex,  the  areolation  twice  as  large  and 
composed  of  oval  or  round  distinct  cells,  the  perichaetial  leaves 
open,  the  lid  shorter,  the  peristome  less  closely  twisted,  and  the 
annulus  broader.  —  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  4. 

Hab.    On  rocks  among  redwoods  near  Oakland,  California  (Bolander). 
This  species  is  intermediate  between  B.  flexifolia^  Hampe,  and  B.  semi' 


Ill 


tiarfnitn.] 


IJHYACE.E. 


126 


tinta,  Siilllv.  It  dlfffDi  from  the  last  in  tlio  rcvoluto  iKjnli'ni  of  tlia 
loii^'tT  IcavfA,  tho  iH;rlittoiue  lo  g«U'  twlHtod,  uiul  utluclied  tu  a  broader 
Im^tllur  iiiciiibraiti!. 

-«».  B.  cylindrica,  Sfliimp.  Mm-li  liki-  li.  ri/wdlia,  <liffi'r- 
in<;  in  tlm  uunv  nU'iultT  Hcxuou.s  wlfiiis,  llic  U>\\vv  Whwh  tlistaiitf 
loiii^-lanct'olatt',  tho  upiK-r  closo,  laiu't'olutu  at  basi',  narrowly 
laiu't'olftto  and  subulato  above,  ri'curvnl  wlii-n  nioint,  hcmik-- 
wliat  twiHti'tl  when  <lrv,  «li'i'|>ly  concave,  vcrrutulowi',  tho 
horcU'rs  recurved  towiM-<l  tho  ha.se,  tho  ONta  narrower,  tho 
perichiutial  leaves  HunUar,  tho  capsule  Hiightly  h)nger,  cylnHla- 
eal  or  suhelliptical,  tho  iK'ristonie  twisted,  and  the  annuhiH  com- 
posed of  a  triple  row  of  colls.  —  S\  n.  (e<l.  li),  '2(»H.  Ji.  vinealia^ 
MW'.Jtiicciility  liruchvfc  Schinip.  Hryol.  Kur.  Tortnla  inatdnnay 
DeNot.  (?).  ToHulii  ciflindrica,  I.in.lh.  Hot.  Xotis.  IHOS,  70. 
li.  lieechei/i^  Iies(|. ;  Watson,  Hot.  Calif,  ii.  5J72. 

IIaii.     Kaino  an  the  hist,  and  often  mixed  with  it. 

As  Keliimper  remarlcs,  it  is  ditlieult  to  separate  this  species  from  the 
loose  forms  of  tlie  preceding.  Tlie  cni)sule  Is  loiii;er  attd  has  a  longer 
pedicel.  This  and  the  following,  considered  as  varieties  of  11.  vinvulla^ 
were  mixed  and  distributed  in  Kulliv.  &  Los(i.  X'liso.  Hor.-Am.  Kxsicc. 
(ed.  2),  n.  131,  as  It.  vlnenliH,  var.  fiaavUln.  We  have  more  recently 
received  for  comparison  an  original  specimen  of  Tottnlu  hisuldna,  De 
Not.,  whicli  apparently  differs  in  its  shorter  more  ovate  cylindrical  cap- 
sule, and  the  borders  of  the  leaves  rellexed  from  below  the  middle  only. 
It  seems,  therefore,  to  be  a  distinct  species,  but  the  specimen  is  Incom- 
plete, tho  capsule  being  old  and  empty. 

27.  B.  elata,  Dur.  &  3Iont.  Plants  dirty  yellowisli  green, 
stronger,  dividing  hy  two  innovations  from  helow  the  flowering 
apex :  leaves  appressed,  slightly  crispato  at  the  apex,  open, 
erect  when  moist,  loosely  inihricate,  the  lower  smaller,  narrowly 
lanceolate,  acute  from  tho  decurrent  ovate  enlarged  base ; 
borders  entire,  rovolute  from  above  tho  base  to  near  tho  apex, 
where  they  ar«  flat  or  slightly  rectu'ved ;  npi)er  leaves  much 
longer,  linear-lanceolate  from  tlie  ovate  base,  acute  or  blunt  at 
the  apex ;  cells  of  the  ureolation  larger,  quadrate,  pellucid  at 
base,  very  small,  oi)aque,  minutely  papillose  above;  perichcB- 
tial  leaves  lanceolate-subulate  from  the  enlarged  base,  with  a 
loose  pellucid  areolation :  capsule  elliptical-oblong,  large,  dark 
])urple,  like  its  pedicel ;  lid  long,  of  tho  same  color ;  annulus 
l)ale,  compound.  —  Fl.  Alger. ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  620. 

Had.  Near  San  Francisco  (Bolander),  mixed  with  the  two  preceding 
species. 


I 


■ 


126 


BUYACEyE. 


[Barbula. 


J 

:i 

i 

■i 

i 

The  more  distant  leaves,  less  open,  recurved  when  moist,  the  stem- 
leaves  ovate,  decinreat  at  base,  and  especially  the  larger  broader  capsule 
with  longer  twice-twisted  teeth,  etc.,  separate  this  siwcies  from  It.  viiiealia. 
Tlie  above  description,  made  from  the  examination  of  a  large  number  of 
specimens,  slightly  differs  from  that  of  Mueller.  But  this  author  has 
co'ipared  specimens  and  confirmed  their  identity  with  the  foreign  plant. 

28.  B.  rubiginosa,  Mitt.  Closely  related  to  the  preced- 
ing  in  the  form  and  areohition  of  the  leaves,  and  to  JJ.  vinealia 
ill  the  size  and  mode  of  growth,  but  differing  from  both  in  the 
leaves  merely  ai)j>ressed  and  curved  when  dry,  in  the  much 
shorter  lid,  whose  length  is  half  that  of  the  capsule,  in  the 
absence  of  a  i)eristome,  and  in  the  annulus  composed  of  a  triple 
row  «  f  cells.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  27,  t.  5.  Pottia  rubigi- 
nosa^ Watson,  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  362.  • 

Hab.    Northwest  America  (Do«f//as). 

29.  B.  semitorta,  SuUiv.  Plants  short,  simple,  loosely 
cespitose :  upper  leaves  longer,  tufted,  erect,  half-clasping  at 
base,  horizontal,  linear-lanceolate,  with  flat  borders  and  a  t)  ick 
percurrent  costa :  calyi>tra  long  and  narrow,  twisted ;  lid  en- 
larged Jit  base,  subulate,  blunt  at  the  apex,  slightly  inclined  :  cap- 
sule erect,  reguhn*,  cylindrical-oblong  ;  teeth  long,  half-twisted  ; 
annulus  simple,  narrow,  persistent.  —  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  186,  t.  3. 

Hab.     Near  Benicia,  California  (Bifielow). 

Comparable  to  B.  brtichyphylla,  Sulliv.,  with  which  it  is  mixed,  differ- 
ing in  the  shorter  calyptra  descending  only  to  the  base  of  the  longer  lid, 
the  peristome  less  twisted,  the  leaves  tufted  at  the  top  of  the  stems, 
squarrose-spreading,  gradually  tapering  from  near  the  base  and  not 
abruptly  narrowed  to  the  apex. 

30.  B.  artocarpa,  Lesq.  Densely  cespitose ;  stems  slender, 
short,  generally  simple :  lower  leaves  short-ovate  at  base,  lanceo- 
late above,  shortly  cuspidate  by  the  stout  excurrent  costa,  the 
upper  longer  and  longer  lanceolate-subulate ;  cells  of  the  nreo- 
lation  small,  round-quadrate  above,  rectangular  and  slightly 
broader  at  base ;  perichaetiai  leaves  large,  clasping  at  base,  con- 
tracted above,  subulate,  erect :  capsule  ovate-cylindrical,  short, 
slender,  contracted  at  the  orifice ;  lid  w^ith  a  long-subulate  more 
or  less  curved  beak ;  teeth  slender,  whitish,  once  twisted ;  annu- 
lus simple,  persistent.  —  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  4;  Sulliv.  & 
Lesq.  Muse.  Am.-Bor.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  133. 

Hab.  On  the  ground,  Monte  Diablo,  California  (Bolander) ;  Monterey 
(Watson).  Resembling  the  following  species  in  aspect,  the  characters  of 
the  leaves,  and  form  of  the  capsule,  which,  however,  is  annulate. 


Barbula.] 


BRYACE.E. 


12i 


31.  B.  gracilis,  Schwacgr.  Densely  tufted  ;  plants  short, 
olive  or  dusky  green,  simple  or  with  few  innovations :  leaves 
open,  ereet,  strict,  loosely  imbricate  when  dry,  smooth,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate  by  the  excurrent  brown  stout  costa ; 
borders  revolute  from  the  base  to  the  middle  ;  areolation  round, 
minute  but  distinct,  rectangular  at  the  base  ;  jiericluetial  leaves 
large,  rertexed  on  the  borders,  with  a  long  flexuous  point:  ca|)- 
sule  small,  ovate-oblong,  solid,  more  or  less  incurved ;  lid  narrow- 
ly rostrate;  teeth  short,  reddish,  twisted;  annulus  none.  —  Suppl. 
i.  125,  t.  34 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  1  i5.  lortula  gracilis,  Schleich. ; 
Lindb.  Trichost.  249. 

Hab.    Crevices  of  limestone  rocks,  Brattleboro,  Vermont  (Fi-ost). 
Distinguished  from  It.J'allax  especially  by  the  suberect  straight  leaves, 
the  long-cuspidate  pericluutial  leaves,  the  short»»r  small  capsule,  etc. 
§5.  CoNvoLUTvE.     Plants  densely  cespitose:  leaves  britjht  or 
yellowish  green,  chlorojyhgllose,  tivisted  when  dry  ;  basilar 
areolation  loose ;  j^^^'ichcetial  leaves  long-sheathing  or  con- 
volute: cajisule  small,  elliptical-ovate,  subincnrved,  brown ,' 
teeth  of  the  funnel-like  purjjle  peristome  very  long,  twisted. 

32.  B.  COnvoluta,   Hedw.     Plants  short,  in  dense  tufts, 

bright  green  above :    leaves  open  when  moist,  twisted  when 

dry,  narrowly  Ungulate-lanceolate,   with  Hat  borders,  acute  or 

apiculate  by  the  excurrent  costa ;  basilar  cells  quadrangular, 

the  upper  close,  round,  subopaque,  minutely  papillose ;  peri- 

chaetial  leaves  convolute,  the  upper  closely  sheathing,  obtuse  or 

short-apiculauC :   capsule  oblong-cylindrical,   incurved,  reddish 

brown,  on  a  long  yellow  pedicel ;    annulus  large,  compound, 

revoluble.  —  Muse.   Frond,   i.   86,  t.    32;  Bryol.  Eur.   t.  154. 

Tortula  convoluta,  Schrad. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  248. 

Hau.  On  the  ground;  British  America  (Brummond)\  Raccoon  Moun- 
tains, Alabama  (Lesquerenx)',  Enon  Valley,  Pennsylvania  (James);  Oak- 
land (liiffelow),  and  on  burned  trunks,  Ukiah,  California  (liolander). 

33.  B,  GlOSteri,  Aust.  Known  only  from  sterile  plants, 
and  closely  related  to  the  last,  characterized,  according  to  the 
author,  by  its  sublinear  or  oblong-lanceolate  subcarinate  remark- 
ably granulosis  leaves,  very  slightly  recurved  on  one  of  the  mar- 
gins below  the  middle,  with  a  minute  hyaline  point;  leaves 
often  strongly  recurved  at  the  apex.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  i.  29, 
and  iv.  30. 

Hab.  New  Jersey  (4fts<m);  Gainesville,  Florida  (JJaccnei).  In  Rau 
&  Hervey's  catalogue  uitited  with  B.  Cruegeri,  a  very  different  species. 


Ii 


jJil 


\  in 


I'  m'w^^'" 


128 


BRYACE^E. 


[Barbula. 


V   .1 


!  f  i^ 


34.  B.  agraria,  ITedw.  Moncecious :  plants  short  and 
simple,  closely  tufted,  with  few  leaves:  leaves  close,  erect, 
spatulate-lanceolate,  involute  on  the  borders ;  costa  yellow,  ex- 
current  ;  cells  of  the  basilar  areolation  large,  the  upper  smaller, 
hexagonal,  not  opaque;  inner  perichajtial  leaves  two,  convolute, 
rounded  to  a  blunt  apex,  loosely  radiculose  :  male  flowers  on  a 
short  basilar  branch,  with  leaves  convolute,  acuminate,  erect : 
calyptra  long-beaked,  reaching  to  the  mid<lle  of  the  capsule  : 
capsule  annulate,  oblong-ovate  or  subcylindrical  and  slightly  in- 
curved, dark  red,  on  a  comparatively  long  reddish  |>edicel ;  lid 
long,  narrowly  conical  ;  peristome  twisted  to  the  left.  —  Muse. 
Frond,  iii.  17,  t.  6 ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  C04.  Hryum  agrarium^ 
Swartz,  Prod.  139. 

Had.  On  stones  and  stone  walls;  Koy  West,  Florida  {Pourtales, 
Garber,  J.  Donnell  Smith);  Apalachicola  {Drummond). 

This  species,  generally  found  in  the  West  Indies,  is  referable  to  a  sepa- 
rate section,  IJyophiladelphus,  Muell.,  related  to  the  Concolntce,  especially 
by  the  involute  stem-leaves  and  the  convolute  perichaetial  ones.  Its 
monoecious  inflorescence  and  the  flat  teeth  twisted  to  the  left  are  char- 
acters at  variance  with  those  of  that  section. 

35.  B.  Raui,  Aust.  Plants  very  short,  gregarious,  sub- 
cespitose :  leaves  tufted,  crispate,  spatulate-ovate,  cymbiform, 
concave,  acuminate  or  apiculate,  smooth,  flat  on  the  borders ; 
costa  stout,  subexcurrent ;  basilar  areolation  loose,  the  u})per 
obscure,  of  nearly  round  unequal  cells;  perichaetial  leaves 
thinner,  convolute,  often  blunt,  thinly  costate :  flowers  dioecious, 
the  male  plants  much  smaller  than  the  fertile  ones,  with  leaves 
obscurely  erose-dentate  and  distinctly  costate :  calyptra  reach- 
ing the  middle  of  the  capsule,  which  is  on  a  very  slender  pedicel 
1  cm.  long,  erect,  cylindrical-oblong,  costate  when  dry;  lid 
long-conical,  rostrate,  erect ;  teeth  long,  closely  twisted  ;  annu- 
lus  narrow. —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  43. 

Hau.     On  rocks,  Afatagorda  County,  Texas  (i?.  G.  liechdolt). 

3C.  B.  Donnellii.  Dioecious :  stems  2  to  5  m.m.  long : 
leaves  involute,  crispate  when  dry,  open,  spatulate-oblong  or 
ovate-lanceol?te,  acute  or  submucronate,  deeply  canaliculate- 
concave,  somewhat  scabrous  on  the  back,  obscurely  serrulate  at 
the  apex  ;  costa  stout,  subpercurrent :  fruit  unknown.  —  7^or- 
tula  Donnellii.,  Austin,  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  iii.  31. 

Had.  Banks  of  the  St.  Lucie  River,  Florida,  with  B.  ayraria  {J.  Don- 
nell Smith).    Apparently  a  variety  of  one  of  the  two  preceding  species. 


Barbula.] 


BRYACE^. 


129 


§  6.  ToRTUOs.n.  Plants  more  robust:  leaves  longer^  linear- 
lanceolate^  flexuoHS^  cirrhate-crisj^ate  when  dry ;  basilar 
areolation  loose,  hyaline :  capsule  thin  ;  basilar  membrane 
none  or  scarcely  visible. 

37.  B.  C88SpitOSa,  Schwaegr.     JNIoncrcious :  plants  loosely 

cespitose,  variable  in  size,  soft :  leaves  long-linear,  nmeronale 

by  the  strong  yellowish  costa,  more  or  less  undulate :    male 

flowers  in  axillary  short  f>e(licellate  buds  of  two  or  three  leaves: 

capsule  oblong-ovate,  more  or  less  incurved,  subeylindrical,  gil> 

bous  at  base,  reddish,  on  a  long  flexuous  pedicel,  twisted  when 

dry ;  teeth  very  long,  purple,  twice  or  thrice  closely  twisted ; 

annulus  none:  spores  minute,  greenish,  translucent,  smooth. — 

Suppl.  i.  120,  t.  31 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  27.     B.  cir- 

rhata,  IJrid. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  149.     B.  humilis,  Iledw.  Spec. 

Muse.  IIG,  t.  25.     Tortula  humilis,  I3rid. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  251. 

Hau.  Roots  of  trees  in  grassy  places;  common,  especially  in  the  hills 
of  the  Southeastern  States,  and  very  variable. 

38.  B.  tortuosa,  Web.  &  Mohr.     Dioecious:  in  large,  more 

or  less  compact  tufts;  stems  generally  long  (two  to  four  cm.), 

dichotomous,    tomentose-radiculose   toward    the   base :    leaves 

densely  imbricate,  twisted-crispate  when   dry,  spreading  and 

flexuous  when  moist,  linear-lanceolate,   undulate  from  a  thin 

pale  colored  base,  short-cuspidate  by  the  stout  excurrent  costa ; 

j)ericha3tial   leaves   erect,  half-sheathing,  narrowly  acuminate, 

whitish :    capsule   ovate    or    oblong-cylindrical,   more   or   less 

arcuate,  soft,  yellowish  when  full  of  spores,  brown  when  old ; 

lid  narrowly  conical-rostrate ;  teeth  very  slender,  much  twisted  ; 

annulus  none.  —  Bot.  Tasch.  205;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  151.     Bryiim 

tortuosiitn,  Linn.    Tortula  tortuosa,  Ehrh. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  253. 

Had.  Goat  Island,  Niagara  Falls;  Lancaster,  and  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains, Pennsylvania;  Ontario,  Canada;  New  Brunswick,  etc. 

39.  B.  fragilis,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Dioecious:  widely  cespi- 
tose ;  stems  erect,  close  and  straight,  simple  and  dichotomous, 
tomentose-radiculose  at  base :  leaves  densely  imbricate  and 
appressed,  lanceolate-subulate  by  the  excurrent  semiterete 
M'hitish  costa,  flat  and  crenulate  on  the  borders,  thin  and 
hyaline  at  base,  minutely  areolate,  densely  chlorophyllose  and 
papillose  on  both  faces  in  the  upper  part :  capsule  regular  or 
slightly  incurved,  ovate-oblong ;  lid  oblique,  long-beaked  from  a 
conical  base ;  teeth  very  slender  and  papillose,  twisted  two  or 


i;  W 

r,- 


i\ 


•'II 


■■m  i 


W^ 


ill 

rilffl 


M 


•i 


iprufif 


W 


130 


BUYACE/E. 


[Barhvld. 


! 
•  i 

) 

;i 

i 

i 


i  i  ^ 

-  1 

1 
i 

Mi 

■  Mm 

''?■ 

'  m 

-\     si- 

1 
i 

1 

three  times ;  anniilus  none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  639.  Didt/modon 
fragilis^  Hook.  «&  Wils.  in  Drunim.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  127.  7c»r- 
tulafraffilis^  Wils. ;  Liudb.  Triehost.  253. 

II AB.  Hocky  Mountains  (I)nimmond)\  Lake  Superior  (A(jassiz)\ 
Ausable  Kiver,  base  of  tlie  Adirondack  Mountains,  New  York  (Leaque- 
reitx);  limestone  rocks,  New  Jersey  {Austin).    Very  rarely  fertile. 

§  7.  Squarros.e.  Plants  lonff,  tcfdeli/  and  looseh/  cespitose: 
leaves  of  equal  size  the  whole  length  of  the  steniy  long-lan- 
ceolate, squarrose  ;  cells  minute,  chlorophgllose,  loose  at  the 
base :  floioers  dicecious,  axillarg. 

40.  B.  squarrosa,  Brid.  Tufts  yellowish  green,  not 
tomentose-radieulose :  leaves  densely  tufted  at  the  top  of  the 
fertile  plants,  sheathing  at  base,  recurved  and  incurved,  squar- 
rose, twisted-crispate  when  dry,  long-lanceolate,  undulate  on 
the  borders,  serrate  at  the  aj)ex ;  costa  thin,  excurrent  or  per- 
current ;  perichaetial  leaves  half-sheathing:  innovations  bearing 
sometimes  a  number  of  pericha3tia,  each  with  a  single  fruit ; 
calyj)tra  very  narrow,  fugacious :  capsule  small,  ovate-oblong  or 
cylindrical,  a  little  curved;  i)edicel  long,  reddish  belov/,  yel- 
lowish in  the  upi)er  part ;  teeth  very  long  and  slender,  twice 
convolute,  with  short  constricted  articulations,  pale  purple, 
very  papillose  and  fugacious ;  annulus  narrow,  simi)le.  —  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  833 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  152.  Pleurochcete  squarrosa, 
Lindb.  Triehost.  253. 

Hab.  On  the  ground,  at  the  roots  of  pines,  near  Lebanon,  Tennessee 
(J.  Robinson)',  Texas  (  Wriyht).  Extremely  rare,  and  only  sterile  speci- 
mens as  yet  found  in  North  America. 

§  8.  Syntriciii.e.  Plants  robust :  leaves  oblong.  Ungulate  or 
ovate-spat ulate  ;  cells  small,  thick,  chlorophgllose,  jxtpillose, 
hexagonal  above,  larger,  hyaline  and  hexagonal-rectangular 
below :  calyptra  large :  capsule  oblong  or  cylindrical,  gen- 
erally subarcuate,  on  a  stout  pedicel ;  teeth  attached  to  a  long 
tubular  membrane  spirally  tessellated,  entire  or  rarely  per- 
forated or  cribrose. 

41.  B.  SUbulata,  Beauv.  Monoecious:  loosely  cespitose; 
plants  short,  simple  or  divided,  radiculose  at  base :  leaves  ovate 
and  spatulate-oblong,  pointed  or  more  or  less  long-mucronate  by 
the  excurrent  costa,  entire  or  serrate  at  the  apex,  plane  on  the 
borders,  either  entire  or  surrounded  by  a  border  of  yellowish 
long  thick-walled  cells :  male  flowers  on  short  lateral  branches : 


Barbula.] 


BRYACE.E. 


131 


tubular  base  of  the  peristome  very  lonj;;  annulus  double. — 
Prodr.  43;  ]>ryol.  Eur.  t.  100,  IGl.  liryum  subultitum^  Linn. 
Sp.  PI.  1110.     Tortilla  subnlata,  Iledw. ;  Lindb.  Triehost.  24-J. 

Var.  BUbinermis,  Schimp.  Leav:  ;  .'..ortly  muoronate  by 
the  excurrent  costa,  with  a  less  distinct  border  :  capsule  shorter 
and  shorter-pedicellate.  —  Syn.  187. 

Var.  mutica,  Schimp.  Leaves  shorter,  broader,  blunt  at 
the  apex,  not  margined,  but  retlexed  on  the  borders. 

Var.  angUStata,  Schimp.  Leaves  longer  and  narrower, 
linear  with  a  narrow  thick  margin  :  capsule  very  narrow,  cylin- 
drical, subarcuate. 

Hab.  Western  Arizona  {liifjelow),  and  at  the  Big  Tree  Grove,  Cali- 
fornia {lioUnuhr);  Kocky  Mountains  (E.  UaU);  Twin  Laltes,  Colorado 
(  Wolf  &  liothrock);  British  Coliunbia  (Mucoun),  a  variety  with  entire 
borders  and  long  liair-like  points. 

Lindberg,  1.  c,  remarks  on  the  synonymy  of  this  species  and  its  nume- 
rous varieties,  that  upon  examination  of  numerous  specimens  of  the  dif- 
ferent forms  he  cannot  find  one  with  characters  distiuct  enough  to  sepa- 
rate it  as  a  species.  The  surface  of  the  leaves  is  more  or  less  papillose, 
sometimes  smooth,  the  costa  passes  above  the  apex  in  a  short  or  long 
mucro,  the  borders  are  marglnate  by  one  or  two  rows  of  longer  yellowish 
cells,  or  entire  with  an  unchanged  areolation,  the  lid  and  the  capsule  are 
variable  in  leigth,  the  peristome  whitish  or  reddish  brown,  and  the 
annulus  broad  or  narrow. 

42.  B.  inermis,  Muell.  Differs  from  the  preceding  in  the 
leaves  more  solid,  oblong,  obtuse  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  the 
borders  not  margined,  very  entire,  revolute  in  the  upper  part, 
the  areolation  smaller,  more  opaque  and  dense,  and  the  capsule 
shorter.  —  Syn.  i.  024.  Ihrtula  inermiSy  ]V[ont. ;  Lindb. 
Trichost.  241.  J?,  subulata,  var.  inermis^  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  101,  in  part,  and  107. 

Had.    California,  near  the  Rio  Colorado  {Biyelow). 

43.  B.  mucronifolia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Mode  of  growth 
as  in  i?.  siibulata^  from  which  it  differs  in  the  leaves  a  little 
shorter  with  immarginate  bordei-s  reflexed  toward  the  base,  the 
areolation  looser,  the  costa  excurrent  into  a  longer  smooth 
point,  the  lid  and  the  pedicel  of  the  capsule  shorter,  the  annulus 
broader,  the  tubular  often  perforated  membrane  nearly  half  as 
long,  with  shorter  teeth,  and  the  male  flowers  smaller.  —  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  102.  Tortilla  mucrotiifolia^  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  130, 
t.  34.     T.  subiilata,  var.  Icevifolia,  Lindb.  Trichost.  242. 

Hab.    Bare  ground,  limestone  rocks,  banks  of  streams,  etc. ;  not  rare. 


I  i 


iM 


WifW 


132 


BRYACE^. 


[liarbula. 


44.  B.  ISBVipila,  Bruch  &  Scliimp.  Monoecious :  plants 
long  and  robunt,  in  dense  tnfts,  dichotomous,  tomentosc-radicu- 
lose  at  base :  leaves  glaucous  green,  brownish  when  old,  oi)en 
or  recurved  at  the  apex,  oblong-obovate  and  spatulate,  entire  or 
surroutided  by  a  broad  yellow  margin  of  round-hexagonal  cells, 
roiuided  and  eniarginate  at  the  apex;  costa  reddish-brown, 
passing  above  into  a  white  filiform  mucro,  cither  smooth  or 
dentate  at  the  apex ;  upper  areolation  very  dense :  capsule 
oblong-cylin<lrical,  slightly  arched,  solid,  dark  brown ;  pedicel 
short,  purplish,  twisted  to  the  left  when  dry ;  lid  slender, 
conical ;  tubular  membrane  one-third  the  length  of  the  peri- 
stome ;  teeth  closely  and  many  times  twisted.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t. 
1G4.  IWtula  litvipila,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  ii.  66,  t.  120  ;  Lindb. 
Trichost.  245. 

IIab.  Foot  of  Monte  Diablo  {Dolander),  and  Duncan's  Mills,  Cali- 
fornia (  Watson);  Nevada  (  Watson);  Vancouver  Island  {Lyall). 

45.  B.  latifolia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Dioecious:  plants  ir- 
regularly and  loosely  cespitose,  dark  green  or  blackish :  lower 
leaves  distant,  oblong-obovate,  the  inner  tufted.  Ungulate,  close, 
spreading,  twisted  or  complicate  when  dry ;  costa  vanishing 
below  the  emarginate  apex  or  passing  a  little  beyond  it :  cap- 
sule short-pedicellate,  oblong-cylindrical,  brown ;  basilar  mem- 
brane of  the  i)eristoir:'^  one-third  its  length ;  teeth  long,  many 
times  twisted ;  annulus  simple,  narrow.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  164. 
Tortilla  latifolia.,  Hartm. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  243. 

Hab.  On  fence-posts  close  to  the  water  of  a  creek  near  San  Rafael, 
California  (Bolander);  on  trunks  of  Alnus  viridis,  Colorado  (E.  Ilall). 

46.  B.  ruralis,  Hedw.     Dicecious :    plants  w^idely  tufted, 

whitish  green  above,  brown-ferruginous  below :  leaves  close  at 

the  apex,  more  distant  along  the  stem,  recurved-squarrose  from 

the  middle,  half-clasping  or  subsheathing  at  base,  large,  oblong, 

rounded  or  emarginate  at  the  apex,  the  costa  passing  above  into 

a  long  flexuous  whitish  s]unulose  awn  ;  inner  perichjetial  leaves 

ovate,  costate,  acute :  capsule  oblong,  subincurved,  on  a  long 

pedicel  reddish  at  base  and  yellowish  above ;  operculum  long, 

conical-acum  nate ;  peristome  very  long,  tubulose  nearly  to  the 

middle ;   teeth  purple,  closely  twisted.  —  Fund.  Muse.  ii.  92 ; 

Bryol.  Eur.  t.  166.     Bryum  rurale,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1116.     Tor- 

tula  ruralis^  Ehrh. ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  246. 

Hab.  On  dry  rocks,  old  trunks,  sterile  groimd,  etc  Especially  com- 
mon on  the  Pacific  slope. 


liarbula.  ] 


BRYACE^. 


133 


B.  INTEIIMEDIA,  Bild.,  differing  from  the  last  chiefly  in  the  concave 
scarcely  carinate  leaves,  tlie  borders  retlexed  only  in  tiie  middle,  and 
the  hair-point  less  spinulose,  Is  recorded  in  llau  &  Ilervey's  catalogue  on 
uncertain  authority.  No  specimen  of  this  specie."  lius  been  observed  in 
North  America  so  far  as  we  know. 

47.  B.  papulosa,  Muell.  Dioecious :  plants  in  irregular 
loosely  spreading  tufts,  green  when  moist,  dark  brown  when 
dry  :  leaves  erect-i»i (reading,  the  lower  ovate,  the  upper  obovate- 
sjuitulatc,  fiddle-shaped  (panduriform),  v«'ry  eoiieave,  slightly 
acuminate  or  rounded  or  obcordate  at  the  apex,  papillose  on  the 
back,  with  a  short  hair-point  [(rolongatiou  of  the  costa,  which 
bears  on  its  i».ipillose  uj)per  surface  crowded  slightly  ]>e«licellate 
gemma),  each  comj)Osed  of  '2  to  5  clustered  roundish  green 
cells  :  fruit  unknown.  —  Syn.  i.  598.  Tortnla  jyapillosiiy  Wils. 
Bryol.  Brit.  135,  t.  44  ;  Lindb.  Trichost.  244. 

Had.  Trunks  of  elm  trees,  Massachusetts  (./.  L.  liuitseU);  Pennsyl- 
vania, New  Jersey  and  Delaware  {James);  conuiion  around  Philadelphia. 

48.  B.  Muelleri,   Bruch  &  Schimp.     Very  similar  to  £. 

ruralis^  differing  in  its  bisexual  infiorescence,  larger  and  more 

compact  tufts,  the  leaves  more  densely  crowde<l  on  the  stem, 

open,  not  reflexed,  broadly  oblong-obtuse  or  rounded  to  a  slightly 

spinulose  awn,  carinate  in  the  middle,  with  bonlers  more  or  less 

revolute  in  the  lower  part,  the  costa  reddish    .nd  somewhat 

hirsute.  —  Bryol.   Eur.   t.    168.       Ihrtula   prutceps^   DeXot. ; 

Lindb.  Trichost.  247. 

Had.  Common  on  decayed  trunks  in  California  {liolander,  Kellor/y, 
Watson);  Oregon  {Nevius,  E.  Hall);  Nevada  and  Western  Montana 
( Watson). 


Tribe  IV.   GRDLAITE.E. 

Plants  repeatedly  dichotomous  by  innovations.  Leaves 
opaque ;  areolation  hexagonal  or  linear-sinuous  in  the  lower 
l)art,  minutely  round-hexagonal,  punctiform  and  chlorophyllose 
in  the  upper.  Calyptra  mitriform,  partly  or  entirely  covering 
the  capsule,  rarely  cuculliform,  smooth  or  furrowed,  often 
hairy.  Ca])8ule  erect,  generally  regular,  on  a  straight  or  arcuate 
pedicel.  Peristome  generally  perfect,  simple,  with  the  teeth 
short,  flat,  entire  or  diversely  lacerated  or  lacunose  or  divided 
into  filiform  segments. 


J 


I 


1 


^iij  J 


iMil 


I  »  VWT 


134 


BHYACEiE. 


[CincUdotua. 


45.  OINOLIDOTUS,  Bomv. 
Aquatic,  floatiiii^  in  lon*^  ami  wi<le  greenish  blaclc  tufts  at- 
tached by  l)asilar  radicles,  fasciculate,  rarely  dichotomous. 
Leaves  open,  thickisli,  comjxiscd  of  parenchymatous  cells,  very 
minute  an<l  chlorophyllose  toward  the  apex  ;  costa  stout,  papil- 
lose on  the  hack.  Flowers  dia'cious,  the  ft'inale  terminal  on 
l)riniary  ])ranches ;  the  male  either  terminal  or  agglomerate  on 
short  seconihu'y  branches,  becoming  lateral  or  terminal  by  age. 
Calyptra  conical,  cucullate,  solid.  Cajtsulo  immersed  or  emerg- 
ing, thick.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  cut  into  multiple  filiform 
divisions,  coherent  below,  free  above,  pa])illo8e,  reddish. 
Anmdus  none.     Spores  large,  verruculose. 

1.  0.  fontinaloides,  Beau  v.  Leaves  long,  lanceolate, 
somewhat  fiexuous,  curved  when  dry,  mucronatc  by  the  ex- 
current  costa  :  fruit  generally  abundant,  nearly  immersed  in  the 
j)erich{etial  leaves :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  soft,  sulcate  when 
dry ;  teeth  large,  purple,  cleft  from  below  the  middle  into  two 
or  threo  filiform  simple  lacinia?  connected  toward  the  base  by 
cross-bars  or  trabetulate.  —  Prodr.  52 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  277. 
Ti'ichostortmmfotithialoides,  Iledw.  Miisc.  Frond,  iii.  36,  t.  14. 
JIar.  On  stones  in  the  bed  of  a  creek,  Ontario,  Canada  (Macoun), 
sterile  specimens. 


46.  GRIMMIA,  Ehrh.  (PI.  2.) 
Plants  more  or  less  compactly  tufted  or  pulvinate,  rooting  at 
the  base  only.  Leaves  close,  open,  rarely  secund,  lanceolate, 
often  j)iliferous  at  the  apex ;  borders  generally  entire,  rarely 
erose-denticulate  at  the  apex ;  surface  more  or  less  paj)illose. 
Peristome  (rarely  absent)  simple,  of  16  teeth,  transversely  arti- 
culate, lanceolate,  entire  or  more  generally  variously  split, 
papillose,  purple,  hygroscoj)ical.     Annulus  generally  present. 

Subgenus  I.    SCHISTIDIUM.     (PI.  2.) 
Areolation  minutely  quadrat?  or  punctiform  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  leaves,  the  surface  nearly  smooth  or  with  minute 
sparse  papilla).     Flowers  monoecious.     Calyptra  small,  lobate, 


Ortmmla.] 


BRTACE.E. 


135 


covering  the  lid  only.  Onpsnle  immersed  or  on  a  short  straijjht 
pedicel.  Li<1  broadly  convex,  cuspidate,  faHin<^  off  with  the 
columella.     Teeth  lanceolate,  crihrose,  rarely  rudimentary. 

1.  Q.  COnferta,  Funck.  Leaves  oblonj^  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
ac'iminate,  opacpie,  with  a  short  <lenticulate  hair-{K)int ;  bonlers 
sliijhtly  inflated  above  oii  the  ris^ht  side,  reHcxed  toward  the 
base :  capsule  ovate-jjlobose  ;  lid  broadly  convex  at  base  with  a 
phort  apiculate  beak ;  teeth  lane  olate,  split  and  cribrose ; 
annulus  none.  —  Moos-Tasch.  18,  t.  TJ;  Schim|).  Syn.  11)1). 
/Sc/iistidliun  confertinu^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  *J32; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  30.  Grimmia  apocwjm^  var.  con- 
ferta^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  777. 

Var.  obtusifolia,  Schinip.  Leaves  shorter  and  broader, 
obtuse,  bright  green.  —  Syn.  200. 

Var.  compacta.  Stems  short,  compact ;  tufts  slender, 
mostly  simple,  compresse<l. 

Hah.  On  rocks,  wet  or  dry,  plains  and  mountains;  var.  obtu)t{foUa, 
in  sliadod  places,  common;  var.  compacta.  Lake  Superior  {Maroun). 

Differs  from  G.  apocarpa,  especially  in  the  leaves  erect  and  blackish 
when  dry,  with  borders  less  recurved,  the  costa  stouter,  dilated,  promi- 
nent on  the  back,  and  more  channelled  above,  the  capsule  smaller, 
paler,  of  thinner  texture  and  almost  pellucid,  the  l)eak  of  the  lid  blunt 
and  slightly  shorter,  and  the  teeth  more  cribrose  and  somewhat  lacerate, 
orani;e-coIored,  fragile  and  fugacious. 

G.  suniNCUKVA,  Aust.  (Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  iii.  31),  described  from  sterile 
specimens,  is  said  to  differ  from  G.  conferta  in  the  leaves  muticous,  not 
hyaline-apiculate,  the  margins  less  recurved  and  the  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion  much  smaller.  In  G.  conferta,  var.  ohtimfnUa,  the  leaves  are 
obtuse  and  not  hyaline-pointed,  and  in  all  the  forms  of  that  species 
the  margins  are  not  reflexed  or  only  slightly  so.  The  author  compares 
the  species  also  to  Zyyodon  Mowjeotu,  with  which  it  was  found,  and 
Anally  remarks  that  the  species  is  chiefly  characterized  by  the  muticous 
subincurved  apex  of  the  leaves,  and  that  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves 
the  cells  are  often  broader  than  long  and  sliglitly  obscure. 

2.  G.  ambigua,  Sulliv.  Closely  resembles  G.  conferta^ 
from  which  it  differs  in  the  larger  perichajtial  leaves  prolonged 
upward  into  a  long  scabrous  hyaline  hair-point,  the  oval-oblong 
capsule,  the  scarcely  perforated  teeth,  and  the  cucullifonn 
calyptra.  —  Icon.  Muse.  i.  66,  t.  41.  Schistidium  ambujuum^ 
Sulliv.  Mem.  Am.  Acad.  n.  s.  iv.  170,  and  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
36. 

IIab.  Dry  rocks;  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  (Fendler)\  near  Easton, 
Pennsylvania  {James,  E.  Baur). 


I 


M. 


ill 


11.  ;>!-i 


iii 


T 


f*;i 


186 


BIIYACE.E. 


[GrlmiHla. 


8.  G.  apocarpa,  IIt'<1w.  Mure  robust  an<1  not  us  <k'iiHC'ly 
ttjftcd  as  the  prcecdin;? :  loavos  open  from  an  erect  base 
when  moist,  hmceolate  from  the  enhu'j^ed  concave  base,  carinate 
above,  recurved  on  the  borders,  often  hyaline-denticuhite  at  tlie 
apex  ;  costa  vanishing;  beN)\v  the  apex  or  exeurrent  into  a  rouj^h 
peUucid  pohit:  capsule  ovate,  thick ;  Ii<l  purple  with  a  longer 
acuminate  beak ;  peristome  (bu'k  purple,  with  broader  nearly 
entire  scarcely  perforate  teeth;  annulus  none.  —  Muse.  Frond, 
i.  113,  t.  iid.  Jin/HNi  ifpocurpuHiy  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1115.  Svftisti- 
(Hum  apocarpvviy  Hruch  &  Schimp.  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  'J33,  I2.'i4 ; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  3rt. 

Var.  gracilis,  Nees  &  Ilornsch.  Stems  loufjor,  slender: 
leaves  spreadiiii^  all  around  or  incline*!  to  one  side:  fruits 
lateral  by  prol«)n^ation  of  the  innovations. 

Var.  rivularis,  Nees  &  Ilornscli.  Loosely  cespitose,  fasci- 
culate-branching, blackish  green  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  blunt 
at  the  apex  :  capsule  turbinate  and  wide-mouthed  when  em]>ty. 

Hah.  On  stone,  rooks,  v. alls,  etc.,  rarely  on  wood;  the  first  variety  on 
dry  rocks  in  mountains;  the  second  conunon  on  rocks  in  streams. 

4.  G.  platyphylla,  Mitt.  Leaves  incurved  and  imbricate, 
broadly  ovate,  blunt  at  the  aj)ex  or  produced  into  a  shoit 
dia]»hanou8  j)oint  by  the  ])ercurrent  thick  cost.a,  revolute  on  the 
borders ;  perichietial  leaves  broadly  oval,  oblting,  angular, 
obtuse  at  the  apex,  loosely  areolate,  with  long  delicate  meshes 
to  near  the  apex.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  20. 

Had.    Davis  Straits  (Taylor). 

This  species,  says  the  autlior,  is  in  appearance  like  G.  apocarpa,  var. 
stricta,  but  tlie  leaves  are  more  than  twice  as  wide  and  imbricated  both 
in  the  wet  and  dry  state,  the  perichujtial  with  very  lax  areolation  for  two- 
thirds  of  their  length. 

5.  G.  Agassizii.     Stems  short ;  branches  fasciculate  at  the 

ai)ex :  leaves  appressed  when  dry,  erect  when  moist  and  shining, 

blackish,  linear-lanceolate  from  a  slightly  broader  base,  obtuse 

and  coarsely  sparingly  de.-tate  at  the  aj)ex ;   costa  vanishing 

below  the  apex  ;  })ericha3tial  leaves  longer  and  obtuse :  capsule 

oblong;  beak  of  the  lid  short  and  obtuse  ;  teeth  dark  red,^ thick 

and  entire    below,   pale    and    cribrose    above.  —  Schistidiu'm 

Affassiziij   Sulliv.  &   Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.   Exsicc.   n.  137 ; 

Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  104. 

Had.  Rocks  washed  by  the  waves;  Lake  Superior  (L.  Agasaiz,  1848). 
Closely  allied  to  ^r.  maritima,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  longer  nar- 


GrimnUa.] 


BRYACEiB. 


187 


rower  liiicar<lanc«olato  loaves,  marked  at  the  obtuse  apex  by  a  few  largo 
ti!L>tli  and  niuro  narrowly  cuntate,  tlto  iiiurc  roiiipact  aroolution,  lli«>  sliorl* 
boukutl  obtuse  lid,  the  teeth  pale  reil  and  cribrusu  in  the  upper  part  only, 
etc. 

0.  G.  maritima,  Turn.  Densely  tufte<l,  dark  green  or 
bliU'k'iHh :  leaves  elosely  imbricate,  curved  and  more  or  lens 
twistetl  when  dry,  laneeolate-ucuminalu  or  mueronate,  and  eari- 
nate  by  a  thick  excurrent  custa;  borders  nearly  flat:  capsule 
obovate,  truncate ;  teeth  minutely  cribrose,  ferruginous.  —  Muse. 
Ilibern.  123,  t.  3.  ISdiistidiurn  inaritutitnii^  liruch  i&  8chimj). 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  235 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  30. 

II All.    Sea  coast,  ou  rocks  at  Nahant,  Masaachuaetts  {Leaquercux). 

SuHGExus  11.    SCOULEUIA. 

Plants  of  large  fine  growth,  dichotomous.  Leaves  thick, 
chloroi>ljyllo80.  Capsule  inmierscd,  globose,  on  Khort  lateral 
branches.  Operculum  fixed  and  persistent  uj)on  the  columella. 
Peristome  of  16  teeth,  divided  into  32  short  broadly  lanceolate' 
subulate  segments,  inflexed  when  moist,  erect  when  dry. 

7.  G.  Scouleri,  Muell.  Plants  dark  green  or  black  :  stem- 
leaves  imbricate,  open,  spreading  when  moist,  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse,  carinate,  flat  on  the  borders,  dentate  from  the  middle 
upward ;  costa  strong,  brown  ;  cells  round  or  hexagonal,  inflated 
or  thick-walled  above,  larger,  subcpiadrate  and  pellucid  at  base ; 
perichietial  leaves  similar:  calyptra  glabrous:  ea])sule  large, 
globose-turgid,  thick,  dark  brown,  with  a  broa;!  orifice ;  lid 
small,  flat,  with  a  short  conical  aj>ex.  —  Syn.  ii.  G54.  JScouleria 
aqmUica,  Hook,  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  03,  and  Bot.  Misc. 
ii.  33,  t.  18 ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iv.,  t.  315. 

II AH.  On  rocks  in  running  water,  upon  the  Pacific  slope;  Portage 
River  {Scolder,  who  gave  specimens  to  Drummond);  on  granite  rocks  in 
Merced  River,  California  (liolander)',  Columbia  River  {Lyall);  near 
Portland,  Oregon  (3/orri.s,  F.  Hall);  Spokan  Falls,  abundant  (Watson). 

A  beautiful  and  remarkable  species,  related  to  Cinclidotus  in  its  mode 
of  growth  and  the  exserted  columella,  and  to  Grimmia  in  the  areolation 
and  other  characters. 

Subgenus  III.    GASTEROGRIMMIA. 
Plants  in  short  compact  tufts.    Leaves  short.    Inflorescence 
monoecious.     Capsule  emergent  or  immersed,  borne  on  a  short 
arcuate  pedicel,  ovate,  ventricose  on  the  lower  side.    Lid  mamil' 


I 
I 


m 


■/h 


^Mlh 


I 


i,m[ 


138 


imYACE.15. 


[Crlmmla, 


Ni« 


(liii 


lato.    PorlHtomo  none,  or  oomimHtMl  of  Bplit  ami  perforntod  teeth. 
Aiiiiuliiii  (liNtiiu't. 

H.  O.  anodon,  nmeli  &  Seliimi).  IMantH  in  (\vum  «len<ler 
whitish  Imiry  tiit'ts:  luvvcr  leuveH  Niiiall,  looNel*  'lubricate,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  hliiiit  at  the  apex;  upper  and  |ierichu'tial  leavcH 
much  larger,  oblong-lanceolate,  conitave,  plane  on  the  borders, 
pa.ssing  into  n  more  ur  Icns  eh)ngated  Hcrrate  hairy  point : 
capsule  ovate-globose,  ventricose,  thin-walled,  enlarged  at  tho 
oriHce  when  empty;  lid  large,  plano-convex,  umbonate ; 
annulus  simple. —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  liliO  ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  7M0. 

IIau.  Liincstoiii!  rocks,  basuuf  thu  Kasl  Iluiubuhll  MoutituiuM,  Nevada 
{\)'tilson)\  Munistuii,  Callfuriiia,  and  Ogdeii,  Ulah  (Laphnm)\  CuAon 
City,  Colorado  {Urtiu'lvjei;);  St.  John,  New  Unuiswlck  {Jiiiiii's). 

9.  G.  plagiopodia,  Iledw.  Plants  short,  loosely  atlhering 
in  compact  grayish  green  tufts :  lower  leaves  imbricate,  oval- 
oblong,  obtuse,  tho  upper  larger,  acuminate,  prolonged  into  a 
hair-|>oint,  concave,  flat  on  tlie  borders ;  costa  vanishing  below 
the  apex  :  capsule  oblong,  wide-mouthed  when  empty  ;  teeth 
lacerate  and  filiform,  laviniate  above,  entire  from  the  mi«ldlc 
downwanl,  sju'eading  open  when  dry,  dark  orange ;  annuli 
double,  j)ersistent.  —  Spec.  Muse.  70, 1. 15  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  236. 

Var.  pilifera.  Stems  erect :  the  upi)er  an«l  especially  tho 
pcrichajtial  leaves  with  a  longer  hair-point;  i>erigonial  leaves 
longer,  tho  inner  ones  ovate-acute,  the  outer  with  a  short  hair- 
point. —  G  Jirandeffci,  Aust.,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  45  (?). 

Hah.  The  variety  on  rocks  In  the  Kocky  Mountains,  Colorado  {E. 
Hall,  lirandeyee);  on  a  fossil  bone,  Missouri  (Cope);  Ontario,  Canada 
(Macoun). 

Of  G.  lirandegei,  Austin,  wo  have  seen  only  a  sterile  plant,  agreeing 
exactly  with  tliose  of  tlie  variety  described  al)ove,  and  the  characters 
taken  from  the  fruit,  as  described,  are  exactly  tliose  of  G.  pkujlopodla. 

Subgenus  IV.    GlilMMIA,  proper. 
Leaves  hair-pointed.      Calyptra  lobate-mitriform.     Capsule 
regular,  emergent  or  exserted  on  an  arcuate-pedicel.     Teeth 
cribrose  or  lacunose. 

*  Floicera  moncecious. 

10.  G.  pulvinata,  Smith.  Plants  glaucous  green  or  gray, 
pulvinate  :  lower  leaves  lanceolate-acuminate,  the  upper  oblong- 
lanceolate,  narrowed  or  rounded  to  a  slightly  rough  hair-point : 


Grlmmla.\ 


IUCYA(  E.E. 


139 


onfwiilo  n'jxularly  oval,  <li.stiiii'tly  Ntriato,  costnte  when  dry, 
pciKlcnt  from  a  yt'Il«>\visli  nirvfil  lu'dicfl ;  li<l  convex  at  ham', 
n)strat(»;  ti'i'th  Ion;;,  tlcnscly  articulate  iu-low,  Nli^'htly  |K'r- 
foratcd  and  irregularly 'J-:i-<'lct't  at  tlie  apex,  |tin'|)le ;  annulus 
lari^c,  revoluhle.— Kn«,'l.  Hot.  t.  IT'JS;  IJryul.  Kiir.  t.  lilJU. 

V'ar.  obtUSa,  Mucll.  (':i|tsule  Mliortcr,  )»cdice|late,  ovate- 
^IoImmc;  lid  ohlUHcly  nianilllatc. — /)fi/j»tuiion  oUusuny  Ilrid. 
IJryol.  Univ.  i.  1!)H. 

II.vii.  On  rocks,  California  (Itolawhr,  Palnitr);  Arizona  ( W/f/»/oui); 
Nevaila,  Utah,  Wt'Htcrn  Montana,  and  Wasliinyton  Territory  (  WntHon). 
The  variety  at  Fort  Colvlllu  {.'^ytill),  and  Cache  Creek,  Urlllsh  America 

•  ♦   I*7(nre)'s  (fiti'ciotts. 

11.  G.  COntorta,  Hrucli  &  Scliinip.  Plants  of  mediuni  hI/o 
in  loose  Hoft  ^reen  tults,  liecoinii  i;  lilack  toward  the  base : 
leaves  incurved-sjjreadin^,  erispnte  when  dry,  lanceolate  toward 
the  base,  linear-Hulmlate,  diaphanous  at  the  apex  or  with  a  very 
short  hair-point,  earinate-concave  ami  recurved  on  the  borders 
at  base,  coinplicate-carinate  ab<.  »•,  t)nly  the  youn^  ones  i^rcen, 
the  others  blackish  brown  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  comparatively 
hirge,  (juadrate,  sinuous  toward  the  ajiex,  longer  and  hexaijonal- 
reetanguhir  toward  the  base,  jtartly  chlorophyllose  and  i>artly 
diaphanous ;  perich.ietial  leaves  sheathint;  at  base,  open  and 
subulate  above  :  cr.psule  oval,  smooth,  soft,  small  com])ai'ed  to 
the  size  of  tlu;  plants,  inclined  on  a  slijj^htly  arcuate  pedicel ; 
lid  convex-conical,  obtuse,  erose  at  the  base ;  teeth  bifid  to 
below  the  middle  or  lacunose,  reddish  brown  ;  annulus  lar<jfe,  of 
a  triple  row  of  cells.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  24^ ;  Les(|.  Mem.  Cal. 
Acad.  i.  13.     Dicriunim  contort (tniy  Wahl.  Fl.  Carj).  340,  t.  4. 

ILvn.     Shade  of  tlie  llig  Trees,  California  (Uolnmlvr)',  sterile. 

The  cliaracters  of  the  plants  and  leaves  agree  with  the  ab«>ve  deserij)- 
tion  of  Schimper,  but  the  specimens  are  sterile,  and  the  species  is,  there- 
fore, still  doubtful  for  tliis  continent. 

VI.  G.  hamulosa,  Lesrp  Plants  blackish,  in  irrejijular 
loose  tufts:  leaves  unequally  inil)ricate,  subfasciculate,  homo- 
mallous-falcate  when  dry,  subhomomallous,  erect  and  hook- 
shaped  when  moist,  narrowly  lanceolate-subulate ;  costa  stout, 
vanishing  below  the  apex ;  areolation  long-quadrate  or  equi- 
lateral at  base,  irregularly  quadrate  above ;  i>ericha'tial  leaves 
longer  and  longer  acuminate-subulate :  ca})8ule  oval,  smooth, 
thick,  brown,  emergent  and  inclined  on  a  somewhat  long  curved 


i 


m 


'u 


140 


BRYACEi^E. 


[Grlmmta. 


'■^ 
■  i 

'i 

1 

i 

ii 

ii 

pedicel;  teeth  sliort,  lacerate  or  perforate;  anniilus  none. — 
JVIem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  14. 

Had.    Gravelly  soil,  Mount  Dana,  at  10,000  feet  altitude  ( liolander). 

Uesenibles  the  preceding  species,  but  is  very  distinct  in  tlie  luunulose 
hoinoniallous  leaves  with  long  subulate  opaque  nmticous  points,  in  the 
large  capsule  on  a  longer  curved  pedicel,  the  absence  of  annidus,  etc. 

13.  G.  torquata,  Grev.  Soft  and  fragile,  in  dense  con- , 
vox  tufts-  briiilit  m-een  above,  blackish  brown  below  and  radi- 
culose  at  base:  leaves  erect,  spreading,  spirally  curved  when 
dry,  oblong-lanceolate,  the  lower  blunt,  the  upper  with  a  short 
hair-point,  canaliculate  by  a  slender  costa;  borders  plane;  cells 
of  the  upi)er  areolation  thick,  punctifonn,  those  of  the  lower 
part  long,  linear,  yellowish,  with  thick  greenish  walls.  Flowers 
and  fruit  unknown.  —  Scot.  Crypt.  Fl.  t.  199.  G.  torta,  Nees 
&  Iloinsch.  JJryol.  Germ.  i.  179,  t.  24.  Zt/t/odon  torquatus^ 
Lielmi. ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  682. 

Hah.  Near  tlie  Iligldands,  Rocky  Mountains  of  British  North  America 
(Dvummond)\  Vanrouver  Island  (Macoun). 

In  one  specimen  the  leaves  are  twisted  and  crispate  at  tlie  top  of  tlie 
stems,  nr.icli  lilie  tliose  of  Zyyodon  Californicus,  whicli  tliey  also  resemble 
in  sliape  and  color. 

14.  Q.  Muhlenbeckii,  Schimp.  Tufts  greenish  white,  soft, 
more  or  less  compact;  stems  erect,  dichotomous,  or  branching 
by  innovations  from  near  the  aj^ex :  leaves  densely  imbricate, 
spreading  and  turning  upward  from  the  middle,  erect  when 
dry,  long-lanceolate,  concave  at  the  somewhat  enlarged  base, 
carinate  toward  the  apex,  plane  on  the  borders  ;  the  lower  with 
a  short,  the  upper  with  a  long  rough  hair-point :  capsule  small, 
emergent  ui)on  an  arcuate  pedicel,  inclined  or  pendent,  oval, 
smooth,  thin,  yellowish  brown ;  lid  convex  at  base,  obtusely 
apiculate-rostellate ;  teeth  lanceolate,  mostly  entire,  sometimes 
bifid  or  perforate  at  the  apex,  reddish  brown;  annulus  simple, 
narrow.  —  Syn.  212.  G.  incurva^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  243,  not  Schwaegr. 

Hab.     Mount  Dana,  California,  at  11,000  feet  altitude  (Bolander). 

15.  G.  Watsoni.  Plants  flexuous  or  erect,  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  dark  or  blackish  green  below,  pale  green  at  the  apex: 
leaves  irrogularly  imbricate,  open,  variously  curved,  flexuous 
when  dry,  abruptly  very  much  falcate-reflexed  when  mois- 
tened, narrowly  lanceolate  from  the  somewhat  eidarged  base, 
flat  on  the  borders  or  slightly  reflexed  near  the  base,  muticous 


Grlmvila.] 


BRYACE.E. 


141 


or  apiculate  with  a  very  short  pelhicid  point  by  the  porcurrent 
costa,  ontiile  or  sliufhtly  cremilate  at  the  apex:  capsule  ovate- 
oblontf,  very  olwcurely  striate,  emergent  on  a  somewhat  long 
arcuate  pedicel ;  teeth  lanceolate,  nearly  entire,  split  or  per- 
forated near  the  ai)ex  only ;  columella  j)ersisting  after  the 
dehiscence  of  the  lid  as  a  subulate  poiiit  longer  than  the  teeth, 
naked  or  tilanu'utose  when  young ;  lid  and  calyptra  as  in  6r. 
tric/iophi/lla ,'  annulus  narrow,  of  a  simi>le  row  of  cells. — G. 
ancisti'odes^  Lesq.  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  13. 

II All.  On  rocks,  Daidanelles Cafton  (lioUmiler)\  Aklerney,  Marin  Co., 
California  (  Watson ). 

A  fine  species,  ditfering  from  G.  CaUfornlca  in  the  scarcely  hair- 
pointed  leaves,  the  oval-oblong  capsule  without  a  distinct  colliun  and 
scarcely  plicate  when  dry,  the  persistent  cohunolla,  and  the  narrow 
simple  annulus.  It  is  probably  the  moss  figured  by  Sullivant  in  Pacif.  K. 
Kep.  iv.  t.  4,  tigs,  l*"  and  3"",  on  whicli  he  remarks  (page  187)  that  it  repre- 
sents a  variety  differing  from  the  typical  forms  of  G.  ('alifornk'a  in  the 
strong  abrupt  recurvations  of  the  leaves.  The  characters  mentioned 
above  show  it  to  be  distinct  fi'om  G.  Cal{fornicu,  as  well  as  from  G.  ancis- 
trodts,  to  which  it  has  been  referred. 

16.  G.  trichophylla,  Grev.  Plants  soft,  loosely  tufted, 
yellowish  green:  leaves  open,  flexuous,  slightly  crisped  when 
dry,  the  lower  lanceolate,  shortly  awn-pointed,  the  upper  oblong 
at  base,  linear-lanceolate  upward  to  a  long  nearly  smooth 
dirphanous  point,  carinate-concave,  borders  recurved  towanl 
the  base  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  transversely  oval,  rectangular 
toward  the  a])ex,  linear-sinuous  toward  the  base,  the  marginal 
quadrate;  ])ericha?tial  leaves  three,  broad-oblong,  sheathing  to 
the  middle,  .abruptly  narrowed,  lanceolate-subulate :  ca])su!e 
elliptical,  8-costate,  thin,  yellowish  brown,  horizontal  or  declined 
u])on  a  long  curved  pedicel,  flexuous  and  nearly  erect  when 
dry ;  lid  with  a  long  straight  beak  ;  teeth  long,  irregularly 
bifid  to  the  middle,  or  lanceolate-subulate  and  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly s])lit  along  the  divisural  line,  red,  connivent  in  a  cone 
when  dry ;  annulus  large,  compound,  falling  in  fragments.  — 
Scot.  Crypt.  F).  t.  100  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  244. 

Var.  meridionalis,  Schimp.  Plants  longer,  more  densely 
tufted,  slender :  leaves  shorter,  with  a  longer  hair-point :  cajv- 
sule  smaller,  subglobose,  less  distinctly  costate  ;  teeth  smaller. 
—  Svn.  213.     O.  ancistrodes.  Mont. 

Ham.  On  erratic  blocks,  both  the  normal  form  and  the  variety,  Cali- 
fornia (Biyeloio,  Bolander,  Palmer,  B.  W.  James). 


m 


"M 


'<\M 


'i'« 


i-J?i?: 


Ml 


II « ^wpf 


142 


BRYACE.E. 


[Grimmla. 


17.  G.  Olneyi,  Sulliv.  Very  similar  to  G.  trichophjlla, 
(lifferiuir  in  the  leaves  lanceolate  from  a  more  enhlrged  ovate 
base,  more  rii^id,  not  flexuous,  witli  a  move  compact  areolation, 
and  the  borders  flat  and  not  rettexed  toward  the  base,  the  cajv 
snle  smooth,  not  furrowed  when  dry,  the  pedicel  shorter,  and 
the  lid  somewhat  shorter  beaked :  the  peristome,  the  calyptra, 
more  deeply  split  on  one  side,  and  the  anniilus  are  the  same  in 
both.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States  37,  and  Icon.  Muse.  67,  t.  42; 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  n.  141. 

Had.    On  flat  dry  or  wet  rocks;  Eastern  States,  not  rare. 

18.  G.  Oalifornica,  Sulliv.  In  loose,  sometimes  wide 
tufts  •  leaves  open,  erect,  lanceolate,  carinate-concave,  reflexed 
on  the  borders ;  costa  excurrcnt  into  a  short  hyaline  denticulate 
hair-point:  capsule  obovate,  subpyriform  and  pendent  from  a 
short  arcuate  pedicel ;  teeth  short,  irregularly  bifid  at  the  apex. 
—  Pacif.  li.  Rep.  iv.  187,  t.  4,  excl.  var. 

Hau.    On  rocks,  California;  common. 

The  lid,  calyptra  and  annuhis,  and  tlie  general  facies  are  the  same  in 
this  species  as  in  tlie  two  preceding.  G.  trichopliylln  lias  the  stems 
longer,  less  crowded  and  more  slender,  the  leaves  flexuous,  the  capsule 
prominently  ribbed  when  dry,  and  longer  flexuous  pedicels,  while  G. 
Olneyi  has  the  leaves  canaliculate-concave,  not  recurved  on  the  borders, 
and  linear-lanceolate  from  an  ovate  base. 


Subgenus  V.  GUEMBELIA. 
Plants  erect.  Leaves  open,  not  crispate  when  dry,  solid, 
generally  hair-pointed,  flat  on  the  borders.  Calyptra  mitrate 
and  five-lobed,  or  oblique  and  more  highly  split  on  one  side, 
thus  appearing  half-cucullate,  half-mitrate,  or  distinctly  cucul- 
late.  Capsule  erect  on  a  straight  pedicel,  exserted  or  rarely 
immersed,  regular,  not  costate. 

*   Cali/ptra  lobate-mitrate. 
•I-  Flowers  monoecious. 

19.  G.  Donniana,  Smith.  Plants  short,  small,  whitish 
green,  pulvinate  :  leaves  soft,  pale  green,  blackish  brown  when 
dry,  the  lower  small,  lanceolate-acuminate,  the  upper  much 
longer,  narrowly  lanceolate,  gradually  tapering  into  a  long 
nearly  smootli  diaphanous  hair-point ;  borders  slightly  thicker 
toward  the  apex  ;  perichaetial  leaves  longer,  with  the  hair-point 


Grlmmla.] 


BRYACE.E. 


as  long  as  the  Inmiiin  :  capsule  subexserted,  small,  thin,  oval  or 
oblong,  yel  owish,  with  a  short  conical  obtuse  orange-colored 
lid  ;  teeth  nearly  entire,  or  slightly  perforated  toward  the  apex, 
reflexed  when  dry  ;  annulus  broad,  of  .  triple  row  of  cells,  j)er- 
sistent.  —  Fl.  Brit.  iii.  1198;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  249.  6^.  obtusa, 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  88,  t.  25  ;  3Iuell.  Syn.  i.  790. 

Var.  CUrviseta.     Pedicel  longer,  flexuous. 

Hab.  Oil  rocks,  White  Mountains  {Oakes,  James);  the  variety  at 
Monitor,  California  (Laphain)]  Yakima  River,  Cascade  Mountains  (  Wat- 
son). 

20.  G.  GoloradeusiS,  Austin.  Pulvinate-cespitulose  ;  the 
stems  1  cm.  long  or  less,  fastigiately  branching:  leaves  sub- 
erect,  lanceolate  or  sublingulate,  carinate,  muticous  or  the 
upper  hyaline-apiculate,  more  or  less  thickened  on  the  borders  ; 
areolation  very  minute,  dense,  somewhat  pellucid,  a  little  larger 
at  the  base ;  costa  slender,  vanishing  far  below  the  apex  ;  peri- 
cha3tial  leaves  erect,  broader,  loosely  areolate  at  base,  often 
sabdenticulate  on  the  borders,  long-hyaline,  mucronate,  serrate, 
costate  to  below  the  apex  :  capsule  on  a  very  short  straight  pedi- 
cel, globose,  with  a  broad  orifice ;  teeth  pale  red,  short,  broad, 
subcribrose  at  the  apex,  spreading  open  when  dry,  incurved 
when  moist ;  lid  and  calyptra  not  seen.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii. 
109. 

Hab.    Colorado  (Tirandegee). 

The  autlior  says  that  this  species  is  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  genus. 
The  absence  of  tlie  lid  and  calyptra  renders  the  relations  of  this  moss  un- 
certain. The  characters  of  the  leaves  and  areolation,  the  form  of  the 
capsule,  and  the  peristome  are  those  of  G,  Donninnn,  var.  elomjatn,  whose 
leaves  are  muticous  or  shortly  hyaline-apiculate;  but  the  pedicel  is  long. 

21.  G,  ovata,  Web.  &  Mohr.  More  robust  than  the  lr*st, 
pulvinate  or  subcesi)itose :  lower  leaves  much  smaller  than  the 
comal  ones,  ovate,  lanceolate-acute,  the  comal  oblong-concave 
and  reflexed  on  the  borders  in  the  lower  part,  narrowly  lanceo- 
late and  carinate  above,  tapering  to  a  somewhat  long  nearly 
smooth  hair-point ;  perichtetial  leaves  larger,  sheathing :  cap- 
sule distinctly  exserted,  oval  or  oblong-ovate,  of  thick  texture, 
light  brown ;  lid  obliquely  and  obtusely  short-beaked ;  teeth 
long,  split  to  the  middle  into  two  unequal  segments,  or  lacerate 
and  cribrose  in  the  upper  part,  purple,  spreadin_  when  dry; 
annulus  broad.  —  Ttin.  Suec.  132,  t.  ii,  fig.  4;  Schwaegr.  Suppl. 
i.  85,  t  24 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  254. 


1  m 


I  f  Iflpf' p 


144 


BRYACE^. 


[Orimmia. 


t* 

t 

ii^^i 

Var.  afflnis,  Bruch  &  Schinip.  More  robust:  capsule 
lartje,  with  sliorter  pedicel,  scarcely  exserted :  leiVes  witli  a 
longer  hair-point. 

Hab.  Top  of  Mount  Marcy,  New  York  (Lesquereux);  Western 
Nevada  ( [Vutaon)',  Twin  Lakes,  Colorado  ( IVolftt  Ruthrock);  the  variety 
at  Sante  Fe,  New  Mexico  (Fendler),  and  in  the  Kooky  Mountains  (E. 
Hall). 

•♦-   -i^  lowers  dicecioKS. 

22.  G.  Pennsylvanica,  Schwaegr.  Plants  robust,  rigid, 
tufted  or  more  or  less  widely  cespitose,  dark  green  :  stem-leaves 
lanceolate,  gradually  acuminate,  submuticous,  enlarged,  con- 
cave, and  reflexed  toward  the  base ;  perichajtial  leaves  longer, 
tapering  into  a  short  rough  hair-point :  cai)sule  nearly  im- 
mersed on  a  pedicel  not  half  its  length,  oblong-ovate,  smooth 
when  dry;  lid  conical-rostrate,  erect;  teeth  purple,  broadly 
lanceolate,  sj)lit  and  cribrose  above;  annulus  large.  —  Suppl. 
i.  91,  t.  25 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  37,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
68,  t.  43 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  n.  138. 

Had.  On  rocks,  hills  and  mountains  of  the  central  and  southern  sec- 
tions; common. 

23.  G.  Calyptrata,  Hook.  Plants  larger,  in  dense  loosely 
adhering  glaucous-green  whitish  tufts :  lower  leaves  gradually 
smaller,  lanceolate,  short,  with  a  short  pellucid  point,  the  comal 
and  perichoBtial  much  longer,  lanceolate  from  an  oblong  slightly 
broader  base  and  tapering  into  a  rough  hair-point  reaching 
higher  than  the  top  of  the  capsule ;  borders  flat  or  slightly  re- 
curved :  calyptra  campanulate-mitriform,  irregularly  rugose, 
plicate,  5-C-lobate,  covering  the  capsule  nearly  to  its  base  :  cajv 
sule  on  a  pedicel  equalling  it  in  length,  oblong-oval,  smooth 
when  dry,  slightly  constricted  under  the  broad  orifice ;  lid  coni- 
cal-rostrate ;  teeth  lanceolate,  very  cribrose  nearly  to  the  base ; 
annulus  none.  —  Hook,  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  60  ;  Sulliv. 
&  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  n.  139 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse, 
i.  69,  t.  44.     Guembelia  calyptrata^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  775. 

Had.  Rocky  Mountains,  California,  New  Mexico,  etc. ;  not  rare  on  the 
western  slope. 

24.  G.  leucophsea,  Grev.  Stems  rather  stout,  in  wide 
silver-gray  tufts :  lower  leaves  very  small,  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  without  hair-point,  the  upper  oblong-lanceolate,  con- 
cave at  the  lower  part,  prolonged  into  a  long  very  rough  hair- 
point,  decurrent,  plane  on  the  borders,  narrowly  costate  ;  peri- 


Grimmia.  ] 


BRYACEiE. 


145 


clia?tial  leaves  half-sheathiiifif,  erect :  capsule  incliuled,  eUii»tieal 
or  broatUy  oblong,  contracted  at  the  mouth,  smooth  when  dry, 
brown  ;  lid  conical  at  base,  short,  obtusely  beaked ;  teeth  *2-ii- 
cleft  to  the  middle  or  cribrose  below,  pui  pie,  spreading;  when 
dry ;  annulus  large.  —  Wern.  Trans,  iv.  87,  t.  0,  and  Scot. 
Cryi)t.  Fl.  t.  284  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  257. 

II Au.    On  flat  dry  sandstone  rocks,  in  large  patches;  common  In  the 
southern  and  middle  sections,  and  In  California. 

*  *  Calijptra  cucuUate :  Jtoieers  divecious. 

25.  G.  COmmutata,  Ilueben.  Tufts  loose,  blackish  green  ; 
stems  slender,  long,  decumbent  and  naked  below  when  old : 
lower  leaves  very  small,  lanceolate,  loosely  imbricate,  the  upper 
abrui)tly  much  longer  and  tufted,  open,  curving  up  from  the 
middle,  concave  at  base,  nearly  tul)ulose  above,  with  a  short 
nearly  smooth  hair ;  perichaitial  leaves  broader,  pale,  the  inner 
broadly  sheathing,  linear-lanceolate  above,  with  a  longer 
pellucid  hair :  calypti'a  descending  to  the  middle :  capsule  in- 
cluded, broadly  oval,  thick ;  lid  acuminate  from  the  conical 
base,  or  short-beaked,  acute  ;  teeth  2-8-cleft  to  below  the  middle, 
or  nearly  entire  and  lacunose,  purple,  spreading  when  dry; 
annulus  very  broad,  dehiscent.  —  Muscol.  Germ.  185;  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  256.  Dryptoilon  oiiatus^  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  202. 
Gnembelia  ovalis^  Muell   Syn.  i.  774. 

Hab.  California  (Birjelovo),  and  Monterey  (  Watson);  Chippewa  Falls, 
Wisconsin  (Lapham). 

26.  G.  montana,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  In  short  compact 
tufts,  similar  in  aspect  to  G.  ovata  ;  tufts  smaller :  leaves  ovate- 
oblong  at  base,  lanceolate  above  and  passing  into  a  pellucid 
hair  variable  in  length,  very  concave,  plane  or  erect  on  the 
borders :  capsule  oblong,  brown,  thin,  subexserted  upon  a  short 
straight  or  slightly  flexuous  pedicel ;  lid  short-beaked ;  teeth 
short,  irregularly  split,  cribrose  above,  spreading-recurved  when 
dry;  annulus  none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  250.  Gnembelia  montana, 
Hampe,  Bot.  Zeit.  iv.  125. 

Var.  brachyodon.  Tufts  smaller:  leaves  with  a  shorter 
hair-point :  lid  shorter,  broadly  conical,  mamillate  or  with  a 
short  obtuse  beak.  —  G.  brachyodon,  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
vi.  45. 

Var.  truncata.  Capsule  ovate-globose  ;  lid  short-conical ; 
teeth  truncate.  —  G.  Jamesii,  Austin,  1.  c.  43  ;  Watson,  Bot. 


i 


II 


m 


t     : 


H.ii 


':MM 


'■.  m 


I 


>'f>j 


im 
I  a 


>  « 


7  • 

y 


l^JIiy.  AJLtll'ilUMH 


146 


BRYACEiE. 


[Orimmla, 


rW 


iiiii 


Calif,  ii.  378.  G.  orbicularis,  James,  But.  King  Exp.  403 ;  not 
Bruch  &  IScliimp. 

IIah.  On  schistose  rocks  and  granite  boulders,  Mission  Dolores,  Cali- 
fornia {liolundrr,  Hvewer,  Lap/turn);  in  Nevada,  in  the  Bltterroot  Moun- 
tains of  Western  Montana  and  Idaho,  and  on  Kettle  Kiver,  British  America 
(  WdlHon). 

The  areolation,  texture  and  conformation  of  the  leaves  In  both  the 
varieti<^s  are  the  same  as  In  the  normal  form;  the  tufts  only  are  smaller 
and  the  hair-points  generally  shorter.  But  Schlmper  remarks  (Syn.  2d  ed., 
2<{4)  that  he  has  received  specimens  from  Norway  with  smaller  tufts  and 
the  leaves  shortly  hair-pointed.  Austin  describes  the  calyptra  of  G. 
Jamexii  as  cucuUate-campanulate,  slightly  unequally  lobate  at  base.  It  is 
indeed  large  and  cucullate,  but  merely  undulate  not  distinctly  lobate  at 
base,  or  the  same  as  In  G.  montana.  The  teeth  are  generally  truncate  by 
maceration  in  var.  hrachyodon;  but  In  well-preserved  speclmeus  they 
have  exactly  the  characters  of  the  European  form.  The  greater  and  only 
marked  diiference  is  in  the  shorter  lid,  but  this  is  not  a  constant  char- 
acter, as  in  some  of  the  well-preserved  American  specimens  the  lid  is 
obtusely  rostrate  and  only  slightly  shorter,  as  it  is  shown  in  Bruch  & 
Schimper's  figures  of  the  species. 

27.  G.  alpestris,  Schleich.  Plants  in  compact  glaucous 
green  tufts :  leaves  gradually  larger  from  the  base  of  the  stem 
upward,  lanceolate  from  an  oblong  base  to  a  nearly  smooth  pel- 
lucid hair-point,  concave  and  canaliculate  ;  borders  plane ;  outer 
])erichaitial  leaves  broad,  the  inner  shorter  and  narrow  :  calyj)- 
tra  large :  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  emergent  on  a  short 
straight  pedicel ;  lid  convex,  conical-obtuse ;  teeth  nearly 
entire,  somewhat  lacunose  toward  the  apex  ;  annulus  compound, 
persistent.  —  Nees  &  Hornsch.  Bryol.  Germ.  ii.  139,  t.  21  ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  251.  Guembelia  ulpestrisj  Harape,  1.  c. ;  JVIuell. 
Syn.  i.  772. 

Had.  On  rocks  at  Fort  Colville  and  Pend  d'Oreille  Lake  (Lyall); 
Utah  ( Watson). 

Mitten  remarks  (Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  20)  that  all  Lyall's  specimens 
are  very  dark  green,  but  otherwise  the  same  as  the  European  form. 

*  *  *   Calyjjtra  cucullate-lobate :  dicecious. 

28.  G.  unicolor,  Grev.  Plants  widely  cespitose,  dark 
green  or  black ;  stems  slender,  naked  and  decumbent  below : 
leaves  erect-spreading,  imbricate  when  dry,  linear-lanceolate 
from  an  ovate  base,  blunt  or  obtuse  or  thicker  at  the  apex : 
calyptra  long-rostrate,  mitriform-cucullate  :  capsule  erect,  oval- 
oblong,  emergent  on  a  thick  somewhat  long  pedicel ;  lid  long- 
beaked,  straight  or  curved ;  teeth  orange,  very  closely  articu- 


Racomltrlum.] 


BRYACEvE. 


147 


latf,  loiig-lacerate  or  split  to  below  the  middle,  erect  when  dry ; 
niinuliiH  very  broad,  of  a  triple  row  of  cells.  —  Scot.  Crypt.  Fl. 
t.  128;  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  200. 

IIaii.  Uocky  Mountains  ( Dnimmnnd) ;  Bear  lliver  Gap,  Wliito  Moun- 
tains {./limes) 'y  Nipogon  River,  Lake  Superior  (^1.  Smitli);  Tluuider  Bay 
(Macoun). 

47.  RACOMITRIUM,  lirid.  (PI.  2.) 
Plants  generally  of  large  size,  widely  and  loosely  ces|)itose, 
scarcely  radiculose,  branching  by  dichotonious  innovations, 
simple  and  fastigiate  or  fasciculate  by  lateral  nu)re  or  less  un- 
equal branchlets.  Leaves  close,  nearly  equal,  not  tufted  at  the 
top  of  the  stems,  long-lanceolate,  muticous  or  piliferous,  canalic- 
ulate-concave, recurved  on  the  borders ;  cells  close,  minutely 
quadrate  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves,  sinuous,  linear 
and  long  in  the  lower  part.  Flowers  (Vuecious.  F'ruit  acro- 
genous  or  from  secondary  short  branchlets.  Calyi)tra  conical 
at  base  and  mitriform-subulate.  Capsule  oblong-cylindrical, 
naiTowed  at  the  orifice,  mostly  erect.  Lid  narrow,  subulate. 
Teeth  of  the  peristome  long,  irregularly  2-3-cleft  to  below  the 
middle  or  divided  into  two  filiform  nodose  nearly  equal  seg- 
ments, erect,  rarely  spreading  when  dry.  Annulus  compound, 
revoluble. 

Subgenus  I.    CAMPYLODRYPTODON. 

Plants  regularly  dichotomous,  prostrate.  Cells  minute  and 
rounded  above,  linear  toward  the  base :  costa  narrowly  two- 
winged  above  on  the  back.  Pedicel  arcuate.  Teeth  long,  bifid 
to  near  the  base. 

1.  R.  patens,  Hueben.  Plants  olive-green,  fragile,  in  wiae 
loose  flat  tufts :  leaves  open,  long-lanceolate,  muticous ;  costa 
subpereurrent :  capsule  inclined  or  pendent,  emergent,  oval, 
yellowish  brown,  red  at  the  orifice ;  lid  straight  or  obliquely 
rostrate ;  teeth  purple,  papillose ;  membrane  orange ;  aimulus 
very  broad.  —  Muse.  Germ.  199;  Schimp.  Syn.  226.  Urt/iim 
patens^  Dicks.  Fasc.  Crypt,  ii.  6,  t.  4.  Tn'c/iostomwn  patens^ 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  151,  t.  37.     Dryptodon  patens^  Brid.  Bryol. 


ii 


if 


4 


Ii 


4 

'(:?•* 


148 


BUYACE^. 


[Racomltrium. 


UmIv.  i.  VJ'2.     Grimmia  patens^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  24(5. 

IIah.    IJotwoon  Fort  C^olvllle  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  IDrummoml, 
Lyall);  on  rocks,  White  Mountains  {James). 


I  ill 


SuiujENUs  II.     DUYPTODON. 

Plants  fastlgiatt'ly  branching ;  innovations  Hini]»le.  Cells 
quadrate  or  oval  above,  generally  erosc,  very  narrowly  linear 
and  sinuous  at  the  base. 

2.  R.  aciculare,  lirid.  X^oosely  and  irregularly  ccspitoso, 
bright  or  dark  green,  rigid,  naked  below  :  leaves  more  or  less 
turned  to  one  side,  oblong  at  base,  lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire,  or 
the  upper  marked  at  the  apex  by  a  few  small  distar.t  hyaline 
teeth:  c:Misule  oblong-cylindrical,  brown,  erect;  lid  long,  nar- 
rowly su>>ulate  or  acicular-beaked ;  tee*li  cleft  to  below  the 
middle.  —  IJryol.  Univ.  i.  219;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  2G2.  Jin/um 
aciculare^  Linn.  Sj).  PI.  1118.  Grhnmia  acicularis,  Muell. 
Syn.  i.  801. 

Hah.    Wet  rocks,  waterfalls  in  mountains;  not  rare. 

3.  R.  depressum,  Lescp  Plants  yellowish  brown,  in  wide 
loosely  com] tressed  tufts  ;  stems  very  long,  scarcely  branching  : 
leaves  loosely  imbricate,  appressed  when  dry,  open  and  homo- 
mallous  when  moist,  broa<lIy  ov.ate,  dilated  and  semi-aurided  at 
the  decurrent  base,  lanceolate  above,  obtuse,  entire  or  slightly 
distantly  denticulate  at  the  apex  ;  costa  flat ;  cells  of  the  auri- 
cles quadrate  or  broadly  equilateral,  more  or  less  granulose,  the 
basilar  linear  and  continuous,  the  upper  broadly  ovate  :  capsule 
subcylindrical,  not  narrowed  .at  the  orifice,  immersed  on  a  short 
pedicel  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  lateral  fruit-bearing  irmova- 
tions ;  teeth  rarely  bifid,  mostly  trijjartite  witli  unequal  free  or 
cohering  smooth  scixments.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  14. 

Hau.     Falls  of  the  Yoseniite  {liolander). 

The  species  resembles  in  size  and  color  It.  protensnm,  var.  catoracta- 
rum,  but  differs  in  the  broader  and  larger  leaves  inclined  to  one  side, 
more  obtuse  and  generally  denticulate,  as  in  li.  aciculare,  the  thin  base 
somewhat  enlarged  into  a  narrow  auricle,  whose  reticulation  is  broad- 
quadrate  like  that  of  a  Dicranum.  The  wide-mouthed  capsule  is  nearly 
exactly  cylindrical,  sometimes  slightly  curved;  the  teeth  are  more  irregu- 
larly divided  than  in  li.  protensum,  and  the  articulations  more  distinct. 

4.  R.  Nevii,  Watson.  Related  to  Ji.  acictilare  in  the  color 
of  the  plants  and  form  of  the  leaves,  but  differing  essentially 


'( "I 


Racomltrlum.] 


liUYXCEM. 


149 


ill  tho  short  j)o<li('('l,  and  tho  (juadrato  aroolation  (»f  the  upin'r 
jMirt  of  tlic  k'avi's;  on  the  otliur  hand,  in  thf  whort  pfdifi'I  of  tho 
narrowly  oval  or  Huhcylindrical  oa|»8uk'  this  spcrii's  ri'soinldt'S 
thu  last,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  form  of  tlu-  U-avcs,  tho 
color  of  the  i»lants,  the  more  res^nilar  division  of  the  teeth  of  tho 
)>eristomo,  ete.  A  distinet  very  fine  iiitennediat(>  form. —  Hot. 
Calif,  ii.  3S1.  Gfinunia  Xet^iiy  Muell.,  Uegensb.  Flora  (IHTiJ), 
Ivi.  488,  and  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  0. 
IIau.    rortland,  Oregon  {R.  D.  Ncciua,  1873). 

SunuExus  III.     RACOMITIUUM,  proper. 
Plants  nodose  by  short  numerous  lateral  fasciculat..'  brandies. 
Male  flowers  lateral.     Fruit  acroi;^enous  or  suiilateral.     Teeth 
generally  divided  into  two  long  filiform  segments. 

5.  R.  Sudeticum,  Brueh  *fe  Schimp.  Plants  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  dirty  green,  slender,  naked  below :  leaves  spreading, 
divaricate,  erect  when  dry,  long-lanceolate,  gradually  acuminate 
to  a  short  j)ellucid  denticulate  apex  :  calyptra  nearly  smooth  at 
the  apex:  cai)sule  on  a  short  pedicel,  very  small  in  coinjiarison 
to  the  size  of  the  plants,  elliptical  or  obovate ;  lid  conical-ros- 
trate, shorter  than  the  capsule ;  teeth  ])urple  ;  annulus  large, 
revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  2G4.  Trichostot)nitn  Siideticmiiy 
Funck,  Stirp.  Crypt.  It.  microcarpon,  Iledw.  and  Brid.,  and 
Gnmmia  microcarpa,  Muell.,  in  i)art. 

Hah.  On  exposed  rocks;  Kooky  Mountains  (hrummnnd)  \  Spokan 
Falls  (Watson)',  Alleghany  Mountains  (Hullivant);  Fainnount  Park, 
Philadelphia  (James)',  Stoney  Creek,  Pennsylvania  (E.  A.  Uau);  Cats- 
kill  and  White  Mountains,  etc, ;  not  common. 

Easily  confounded  with  It.  patens,  but  distinguished  by  its  more  slen- 
der Gtinis,  the  upper  leaves  with  diaphanous  denticulate  points,  and  the 
capsule  half  as  large,  on  a  short  straight  or  slightly  inclined  pedicel. 

6.  R.  heterostichum,  Brid.  Tufts  more  or  less  extensive 
ami  irregular,  grayish  green ;  plants  long,  dichotomous,  erect  or 
prostrate ;  branches  somewhat  fasciculate :  leaves  open  or  fal- 
cate-secund,  long-lanceolate,  subulate  to  a  pellucid  remotely 
dentate  point,  variable  in  length,  more  or  less  plicate  :  caly)>tra 
papillose  at  the  apex  only :  capsule  elliptical  or  obovate,  thin, 
slightly  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  empty,  yellowish 
brown  ;  lid  erect  or  curved,  subulate,  half  the  length  of  the  cap- 
sule ;  teeth  variable  in  length  ;  annulus  large,  yellow.  —  Muse. 


(i 


1; 


n 


■■I 


|!l 


i'« 


,-: 


m 


III 


WT" 


150 


BRYACE.E. 


[liacnmttrhon. 


ifli 


Kcccnt.  Suppl.  iv.  70 ;  IJryol.  Km*,  t.  205.  Tric/ioatomum  hetcr- 
onfi'r/nnH,  II»mI\v.  .Muse.  Frond,  ii.  70,  t.  'J5. 

Hah.  On  nx-ks,  Hocky  Moimtuliis  {K.  JIhII)\  Ort'gon  (NivIuh); 
Aliiskii  [Kvllnijii);  Fort  Culvillt!  (Li/all). 

riiiiitH  viirliiblt!  ill  tiM!  h'liglli  uikI  tliickiipss  of  tlio  stems,  sotnotiiiion 
loiiti  and  very  Hlt'iuU'i',  In  tlm  Iciivos,  wliicli  uro  «!itlu'r  without  or  with  i\ 
Very  Hliort  pclliiciil  point,  and  in  the  cupsule,  wlilch  is  sometiiuus  very 
niiuill  and  piMlictdlnto. 

7.  R.  fasciculare,  Hrid.  1.  c.     Stems  lon<;,  prostnito,  dirty 

procn  or   brownish  ;   brMiiclu's   iiodoHc,  with    fascicidato  whort 

lir.'nichh'ts :  leaves  siireadini;,  incurved  or  reeiirvecl,  narrowly 

lanceolate,  linear  from  an  ovate  base,  mnticous  at  the  apex: 

calyptra  j)a|tillose  to  near  the  base  :  ca|)sule  oval  or  oblcjng, 

Holid,  on  a  thick  ]iedicel;  lid  subulate-a<'ute,  shorter  than  thu 

capsule,  crenulate  at   base  ;    teeth  nearly  re<^ularly  split  their 

whole  leny;th  into  two  fililVum  nodose  sei^ments  ;  annulus  larj^e. 

—  llryol.  Kur.  t.  '207.     Trivhostornmnfasciculave^  Schrad.  Spicil. 

Fl.  (term.  01  ;  Schwaejjjr.  Sujipl.  i.  155,  t.  HH. 

IIaij.  On  rooks,  Alli'ghany  Mountains  (Snllivant)\  foot  of  Mount 
Marcy,  New  York;  Wliile  Mountains;  Alaska,  etc. 

8.  R.  varium.  Very  similar  to  the  last,  but  differing  in 
its  larger  size,  the  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  the  upper 
with  a  short  entire  hair-point,  the  costa  percurrent,  basilar  cells 
of  the  borders  few,  oblong-rectangular,  the  lower  long,  con- 
fluent, crenulate,  the  medial  oblong  with  transverse  walls  more 
distinct,  the  upjier  round-<iuadrate ;  perichaetial  leaves  short, 
broadly  ovate,  convolute  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  shining,  the 
subulate  lid  nearly  as  long ;  teeth  very  long,  narrow.  —  Grim- 
Diia  (Jihaco?nitriu)ii)  varia^  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  21. 

II All.     British  Columbia  (Li/uU,  Donylas);  Observatory  Inlet. 

The  author  remarks  that  the  leaves  are  Intermediate  between  those  of 
if.  fasciculare  and  II.  canescens,  wanting,  however,  the  loosely  areolate 
auricles  at  the  base  of  the  latter,  and  that  the  moss  needs  further  observa- 
tion, but  can  scarcely  be  considered  as  a  form  of  R.  fasciculare. 

9.  R.  microcarpum,  Brid.  I.e.  Plants  smaller  than  in  the 
last,  ramulose-nodose  :  leaves  crowded,  spreading  and  diversely 
curved  or  falcate-secnnd,  more  enlarged  at  base,  lanceolate 
to  a  short  diaphanous  serrulate  point;  cells  of  the  whole 
lamina  linear,  nodulose :  capsule  small,  cylindrical-elliptical 
or  somewhat  club-shaped,  thin,  soft,  yellowish  brown ;  lid  short- 
beaked  ;  annulus  large,  re  voluble. — Bryol.  Eur.  t.  268.  Tricho' 
stomum  microcarpum,  Fuuck,  1.  c. 


liiicninlti'liim.] 


DUYACK.K. 


ir>i 


IIaii.  .>[(>iMt  rockn  In  mniintnlns;  All<>Kliany  Moiiiitains  (Sitltifiiuf)', 
Wliitf  Moiiiituiiiit  (./«//Jt'«);  Oi't'guM  {lliill)\  ('(I'lir  d'AleiM)  Luko,  liliilio 

(  WlltHltlt). 

1".  R.  lanuginosum,  Hri'l.  Tufts  very  wide,  tliick,  uniy- 
isli  white;  phiiitH  loii<^  !in<l  sU'ikUm',  (licliotoiiioiiH  and  niiiuiloso; 
lateral  la-aiielies  iitinieroiis  :  leaves  very  ejose,  loii<;,  o|>en,  ereet 
or  reeurvetl  aii<I  t'aleate-seeuii<l  at  the  apex,  narrowly  eostate, 
narrowly  lanceolate,  honh-red  from  the  middle  upward  liy  a 
pelliieid  eiliate-dentate  papillose  memhrane,  u;radiially  passim^ 
into  a  pellucid  more  or  less  deeply  ciliate-di'iitate  point  ;  <'ellsof 
the  maruiu  very  small,  jMinctiform,  those  of  the  lamina  linear, 
<leeply  crenulate  :  calyptra  rouixli  at  the  apex  only:  capsuUi 
oMonj^-ovate,  solid,  with  a  short  rouixh  pedicel ;  teeth  lon<;, 
rcLfularly  hilld  ;  annulus  very  hroad. —  Muse.  Kecent.  Suppl. 
iv.  71);  liryol.  Kir.  t.  'Jo'J.  T/'ic/iontotnitni  ftfiit/f/i/iosinu,  IIe<lw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iii.  U,  t.  '2.  T.  ('aniuf^inxe^  Michx.  Fl.  Hor.-Am. 
ii.  '1W\  y 

Had.    On  grunitc  rucks  in  mountains;  common. 

11.  R.  Canescens.  Hrid.  I.  c.  I'lants  in  loose  wide  flat 
yellowish  ufreeii  or  whitish  tufts;  stems  erect,  dichotomous ; 
lateral  hranchlets  short :  leaves  spreading,  curved  up  or  down, 
often  turned  to  one  side,  oblong  at  base,  deeply  carinate,  with 
borders  reflexed  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  lanceolate  to  a 
pellucid  crenulate  point  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  papillose  over  the 
whole  surface  :  calyptra  with  a  loni;  subulate  point,  rough  at 
the  apex  only :  capsule  conical,  narrow  at  the  oriHce,  angular 
when  dry,  coriaceous,  on  a  long  purple  i>edicel,  which  is  flattened 
aixl  twisted  to  the  left  when  dry  ;  Tnl  acute  or  needle-sha|K'd, 
as  long  as  the  capsule,  erect  or  obli(iue ;  annulus  and  jteristome 
as  ii]  the  last  species.  —  Bryo!.  Eur.  t.  270,  271.  Ti'ichostomum 
canesce/ts,  Iledw.  3Iusc.  Frond,  iii.  5,  t.  8. 

Var.  ericoides,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Lateral  branches  short, 
obtuse,  very  numerous,  aggregate<l,  nodose :  pellucid  j)oint  of 
the  leaves  short.  —  Ii.  ericoides,  Brid.  I.  c.  78. 

Var.  lutescens.  Leaves  longer,  yellowish,  pellucid,  the 
surface  mostly  smooth  or  indistinctly  papillose ;  borders  of  the 
hyaline  point  denticulate  (not  rugose-impillose) :  capsule  scarce- 
ly plicate,  not  angular  when  dry. 

Hab.    On  rocks  in  mountain  districts;  the  first  variety  on  rocks  In 
arid  places,  Sitka  (Blschoff),  and  Oregon  (Hall)\  the  second  on  shaded' 
rocks,  California  {Bolander). 


■4 


'$ 


■  iill! 


i:! 


h-'il 


Vh 


152 


WKYACEvE. 


[llvdwlyia. 


48.  HEDWIGIA,  Khrh.  (IM.  U.) 
Sti'iiiM  ilicliotoiiioiis  aiitl  fiiMti^iate-raiitoKt',  nuliculoHo  at  liasc. 
Lfavi's  M-raiikiMl,  ))a|iill(mt.>  i>s|ii'c'ially  uii  tiie  buck  ;  cells  of  the 
nrcolalioii  all  in  distinct  McricH,  vt>ry  Hinall,  (|iia<li'ntc  or  rcct- 
nni^iilar,  more  clon^^atcd  nixl  HiiMincar  in  the  ini<l<llc  of  the 
lamina  toward  the  hasc  only.  FIowcth  •^cinniifonn,  nioiKccions. 
Calyptra  conical-niitratc,  entire,  covcrinj^  the  lid  only,  fii^acions. 
Cai)sule  ^lohoHc,  immersed  in  the  ]iericha>tiiim.  JJd  broadly 
convex. 

1.  H.  Ciliata,  Khrh.  Loosely  cesjatose,  pale  ijreen  :  leaves 
Bpreadinir  all  aronnd,  cnrved  up  nt  the  npex,  or  turned  to  one 
side,  densely  imbricate  when  <lry,  concave,  oblontj-lanceolate, 
narrowed  to  a  sliort  npex  rendered  pelluci<l  by  the  absence  of 
chloro)»hyll,  crenulate  on  the  bonlers,  subdecurrent  and  yel- 
lowish at  tlie  point  of  insertion  ;  pericha'tial  leaves  di.'iphanous, 
longer-acuminate,  flexuous,  ciliate  on  the  borders:  calyptra 
smooth  or  witii  a  few  hairs:  capsule  globose,  li<rht  brown,  red 
attheoriHce;  collum  short,  inflate*! ;  lid  jilano-convex  with  or 
without  mamilla.  —  Ilann.  Maijaz.  17><1,  1(H);  Iledw.  Muse. 
Frond,  i.  1(K>,  t.  40;  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  'JTli,  liT.'J.  Jirj/ton  viUutnui, 
Dicks.  Crypt.  Fasc.  iv.  G.  J*ihtric/inni  ciluituin^  Muell.  Syn. 
ii.  104. 

Var.  leucophSBa,  Scliimp.  More  robust  and  more  densely 
falcate:  leaves  broader,  without  chloroj»hyll,  pellucid  two-thirds 
of  their  leuLjth. 

Var.  secunda,  Schimp.  Stems  slender,  lonj^,  prostrate : 
leaves  less  crowde<l,  seeund,  with  a  sliort  pellucid  ]>oint. 

Var.  viridis,  Schimj).  Leaves  bright  greer.  to  the  apex  or 
nearly  so. 

Var.  striata,  Schimp.  Leaves  plicate,  reflexed  on  the 
borders,  yellowish  green  :  lid  convex-conical. 

II AH.  On  rocks;  very  common,  and  variable  according  to  the  localities. 
Var.  rirUl'm  is  not  rare  on  tlie  perpendicular  face  of  large  boulders  of 
sandstone  or  granite  in  shaded  or  humid  places. 


1  liili 


49.  BRAUNIA,  Bruch  &  Scliimp. 
Plants  widely  cespitose,  diffusely  branching,  stoloniferous. 
Leaves,  areolation,  and  inflorescence  as  in  Hedwigia.    Calyptra 


itraunla.] 


UUVACE.K. 


liia 


lurms  ououUalo,  ilcwi'iulln;;  to  tho  nrhMle  or  to  tlio  l>a«o  of  tlii' 
ca|>«iilt',  Ioiitj-lK'aki'(l,  siiiootli,  fusroiis.  (.^ipMulf  loni;-|i»'tIici'llat(', 
narrowly  i'lli|itual,  rt'j;\ilar,  NiibiiicurviMi,  with  a  short  «)h('oiru'al 
•lifHiU'nt  colhim,  ran-ly  Miih^lohosc,  with  a  narrow  orilicr,  witlo- 
nioutheil  whon  (loopcrculato. 

Si n.ji:MM  r.  psErnonKArxiA. 

Lcnvos  (liaphanouH  at  tho  apox,  not  plicate;  arcolation  (piad- 
ratc>  on  thi;  bor<U>rs,  (>Kin;^at(.><l,  linear  or  i'(|Milati>ral  in  the 
nii«l<lU>,  fusit\>rfn  toward  the  apex,  papillose  on  the  \n\vk.  C'a)>- 
Hule  lon^-pedieellate,  pyril'onn  or  turbinate;  liil  Hhort-conical, 
niamillate. 

1.  B.  Californica,  Lesq.  Plants  in  loose  tufts,  diversely 
mneh  divided  ;  branches  erect,  julaceous,  Ljenerally  thicker  at  the 
a]iex,  simple  or  divided  into  short  branchlets,  sonietinicH  tla;;el- 
late  :  leaves  appressed  when  dry,  spreadini^  when  moist,  suIh 
decurrent  at  base,  from  oblontf  to  broadly  (►vatc,  narrowed  into 
n  pellucid  more  or  less  elonujate*!  erenulate  tlexuous  npex ; 
borders  reflexed  :  capsule  lateral  by  elongation  of  the  branches, 
pyriforni,  distinctly  necked,  truncate  and  enlarixe<l  at  the  orifice 
M'hen  empty.  —  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  H;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 
Muse.  IJor.-Anu'r.  Exsicc.  (eil. 'J),  n.  2"J() ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Mumc. 
Suppl.  41,  t.  27. 

Var.  pilifera.  Leaves  more  abruptly  acuminate  into  a 
pellucid  point :  capsule  more  enlarired  at  the  orifice  when  dry, 
and  more  distinctly  plicate.  —  JItdii'i(fi<i  jnllfeni.,  Mitt.  Juurn. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  45. 

II An.  Motaiiiorphic  rocks  in  the  nioimtiiiiis  of  California;  Monto 
Diablo,  etc.  (linl<tudi'r)\  tlje  variety  on  roclts,  Vancouver  Island  (Lyall). 
Comnjon  on  tlie  Pacific  Coast  and  very  variul)le. 

Modified  as  tlie  genus  is  liere  it  includes  botli  the  genera  UcdwifihVmm 
and  Itraxinia  of  Bruch  &  Scldmper.  In  the  description  of  li.  Californica, 
Sullivant  (Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  41)  riglitly  remarks  tlmt  this  species  <loes 
not  fall  naturally  into  any  of  the  genera  of  Schinjper's  Ifeilwif/iarrn; ; 
tliat  it  has  tlie  sliort  plicate  capsule  of  Ili'du'ifiidiinii,  and  very  nearly  its 
calyptra  and  operculum,  the  long  pedicel  of  liraunia,  and  son>ewl>at  the 
Bame  shape  of  leaf  and  areolation;  but  tliat  the  genus  lirnunin  differs  espe- 
cially in  its  long  smooth  elliptical  capsule,  the  long  operculum  and  calyj)- 
tra,  and  the  leaves  opaque,  not  pellucid  to  the  apex.  Tlie  moss  described 
above  has  also  a  degree  of  affinity  with  Ilcdwiyia,  but  a  difference  equally 


I 


^m 


fimw' 


1 

lili 

154 


BRYACE^. 


[Coacinodon. 


Avoll  marked  in  some  of  the  characters,  especially  in  the  long  pedicel  ami 
the  leaves  rellexed  on  the  borders.  It  differs  from  hraunla  in  the  form 
of  the  capsule,  and  the  leaves  not  plicate,  but  papillose  on  the  back.  The 
Jli'dwhjica',  like  the  Cinclldoteie,  are  cladocarpous  mosses,  the  tlowers 
being  terminal  on  short  lateral  branches.  Mueller  places  them  in  the 
Jlypimceiii  as  species  of  VUotrichuiu  or  Neckera,  while  Mitten  refers 
them  to  the  Leucuduuteoe. 


Triiie  V.    ORTIIOTRICIIE^. 

Plants  tufted.  Stems  (lieliotomously  fastiglate  by  innova- 
tions, sliort  and  erect,  or  long,  creeping  and  decumbent  witli 
short  erect  flowering  branchlets.  Leaves  equal  except  at  the 
base  of  the  innovations,  reflexed  or  squarrose  when  moist,  sub- 
imbricate  or  cirrate-crisj)ate  when  dry,  terete-costate,  opaque, 
minutely  pajiillose;  areolation  minute,  puncliform,  chloro- 
phyllose  in  the  upi)er  part,  hyaline,  longer  and  narrow  or 
rectangular-hexagonal  in  the  lower.  Calyj)tra  mitriform,  sub- 
cylindrical,  furrowed  or  plicate,,  generally  hairy  (inflated  and 
cucullate  in  Amphoridium  and  Drurimionclia.) .  Capsule  on  an 
erect  pedicel,  immersed  or  emergent,  symmetrical,  erect,  often 
striate.  Lid  straight-beaked.  Peristome  simple  or  double, 
rarely  none,  the  outer  of  8  bigeminate  broadly  lanceolate  teeth, 
or  of  16  geminate  flat  teeth  distantly  articulate  (bifid  to  the 
base  in  Ptychoinitrium)  ;  the  inner  of  8  or  16  free  cilia. 

50.  OOSOINODON,  Sprengel.  (PI.  4.) 
Leaves  pilif<'rous,  loosely  reticulate  at  base,  not  crispate. 
Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  base  or  to  the  middle. 
Lid  very  large.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  broadly  lanceolate,  dis- 
tantly articulate,  generally  very  cribrose,  rarely  entire,  granu- 
lose,  dark  purple. 

1.  0.  pulvinatus,  Spreng.  Dioecious:  plants  densely 
tufted,  glaucous  or  whitish  green :  leaves  oblong  and  concave 
at  base,  plicate  in  'he  middle,  lanceolate  to  a  pellucid  slightly 
denticulate  hair-point :  caps  ..le  ovate,  somewhat  emergent,  nar- 
rowed to  the  pedicel,  wide-mouthed  when  empty ;  lid  nearly  as 


CoBcinoJnn.] 


BRYACE.E. 


155 


lonuf  as  the  capsule ;  toi'tli  more  or  less  cribroso,  reflexed  when 
tl,.y.  _  pymleit.  Stud.  Crypt.  2S1 ;  I Jryol.  Eur.  t.  '2iU).  Grimmia 
cn'hrosa,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  75i,  t.  31.  C  criOrosus,  Spruce ; 
Muell.  Syn.  i.  70.'). 

II AH.     Alaska  {llttrrlnfitoii). 

ii.  0.  Wrightii,  Sulliv.  Very  small,  densely  tufted,  dirty 
or  wliitisli  green :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  broadly  oval  or 
obovate,  concave,  si>oon-sbaped,  erose-denticulate  from  below 
the  apex,  rapidly  narrowed  to  a  serrate  hair-point  twice  as  long 
as  the  leaf  and  formed  by  the  stout  exciirrent  costa;  basilar 
areolation  loose,  pellucid,  oblong,  that  of  the  upper  part 
smaller  and  oblong-oval,  chlorophyllose  in  the  middle,  ])ellucid 
toward  the  apex :  flowers  moncecious,  the  male  on  terminal 
branchlets:  calyptra  descending  to  below  the  middle  of  the 
capsule,  ])lurii»licate:  capsule  immersed  on  a  very  short  slightly 
curved  pedicel,  erect,  oval-oblong,  truncate  at  base,  thin,  smooth 
Avhen  dry;  lid  conical,  rostellate ;  teeth  purple,  lanceolate, 
irregularly  2-8-cleft  at  the  apex,  cribrose  at  the  base;  annulus 
large,  falling  off  in  fragments. — Mosses  of  U.  States,  38,  t.  4, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  i.  71,  t.  45;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am. 
Exsicc.  n.  132.  Grimmia  Wrightii^  Austin,  Bull.  Torr.  Club, 
vi.  46. 

II An.  On  rocks;  San  Marcos,  Texas  (  WrUjld) ;  Sante  Fe,  New  Mexico 
(FnuUer)\  Cufion  City,  Colorado  (liramlc'/ee). 

3.  0.  Raui.  Plants  cesi)itose,  dirty  green :  leaves  obovate, 
loosely  imbricate  or  spatul.ite,  raj»idly  acuminate  into  a  some- 
what long  denticulate  pellucid  hair-point,  ])lane  an<l  entire  on 
the  borders ;  costa  stout,  vanishing  below  the  slightly  erose- 
dentate  apex :  flowers  mona?cious,  the  male  in  separate  axillary 
buds  near  the  base  of  the  perichaetial  leaves:  calyptra  large, 
plicate,  covering  the  capsule  to  the  middle :  capsule  oblong- 
oval,  rounded  or  subtruncate  at  base,  thin ;  lid  with  a  broad 
conical  beak ;  teeth  lanceolate,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  entire, 
sj)lit  merely  or  perforated  here  and  there  on  the  line  of  divi- 
sion, erect  when  moist,  oj>en  when  dry;  annulus  broad,  per- 
sistent.—  Grimmia  (Coscinodon)  liaueij  Austin,  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  vi.  46. 

Had.    Colorado  (Brandcgee). 

A  fine  species,  separated  from  the  preceding  by  the  leaves  nearly  entire 
on  tlie  borders,  the  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex,  the  inflorescence,  the 
peristome,  etc. 


n%m 

■     :        i 

1-    .: 

*:  A'' 


i  :'m 


\\  !<  '^iifriiir 


156 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ptychomitrium, 


i 
•1 

51.  PTYCHOMITRIUM,  Brueh  &  Schimp.  (PI.  2.) 
Plants  of  various  size,  fasciculate-subcespitoso,  branching  by 
simple  innovations  from  the  base.  Leaves  long,  often  curling; 
cells  of  the  areolation  minute,  round  or  quadrate,  opaque  in  the 
upi)er  part,  linear-el lij)tieal  or  hexagonal-rectangular  at  base. 
Calyi)tra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  middle,  plicate,  naked  or 
8(]uamulose,  sublobate  on  the  borders.  Cai)side  symmetrical, 
erect,  on  a  long  straight  pedicel.  Lid  acicular.  Teeth  nar- 
rowly linear-lanceolate,  long,  divided  to  near  the  base  into  t'.vo 
subulate  free  or  partly  agglutinate  rarely  entire  segments. 
Annulus  large,  compound. 

Subgenus  I.     PTYCHOMITRIUM,  proper. 

Plants  large,  in  soft  tufts.  Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  dentate  at  the  apex.  Capsule  single  or  many  from 
the  same  perichatium.  Teeth  equally  filiform-bifid.  Flowers 
monoecious. 

1.  P.  Q-ardneri,  Lesq.  Tufts  dark  green :  leaves  close, 
oblong,  with  Ijorders  slightly  reflexed,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
sharply  denticulate  above :  c.alyptra  smooth :  caj)sule  oval 
oblong ;  lid  long,  needle-form,  persistent ;  teeth  thick,  generally 
cleft  nearly  to  the  base  into  tln'ee  blood-red  segments  ;  annulus 
compound.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  16. 

Hab.     On  rocks;  Dardanelles  Caflon,  California  {Jiolander). 

The  species  differs  from  the  European  P.  polyphyllum  in  its  larger  size 
and  green  color,  the  leaves  shorter,  broader,  and  more  acutely  dentate, 
the  basilar  areolation  longer,  the  upper  quadrate  and  more  compact,  the 
shorter  pedicel,  the  pale  brown  capside  longer  and  with  a  larger  lid,  the 
teeth  broader  and  trifid,  the  annulus  narrower,  etc.  The  male  flowers  are 
rarely  axillary,  but  generally  placed  two  or  more  at  the  base  of  the  vagi- 
nule  within  the  perichajtium. 

Subgenus  II.     NOTARISIA. 

Plants  very  small,  loosely  tufted.  Leaves  shorter,  muticous, 
entire.  Capsule  solitary,  shorter-pedicellate.  Teeth  narrower, 
linear-lanceolate  and  entire,  or  broader  and  divided  above  into 
two  or  three  unequal  segments,  spreading  when  dry. 


Ptychomltrium.] 


BRYACE.E. 


157 


2.  P.  incurvum,  Sulliv.  Plants  dark  cnet'"  or  yellowish 
In'oun  wlii'n  oUl :  leaves  erect,  slightly  incurved  when  moist, 
twisted-crispate  when  dry,  the  lower  very  small,  gradually 
larger  toward  the  top  of  the  stems,  linear-lanceolate,  more  or 
less  obtuse,  thick,  opaque,  j)lane  on  the  borders ;  costa  broad, 
vanishing  with  or  below  the  ai)ex;  perichaatial  leaves  sunilar: 
male  buds  axillary  or  dadogenous :  calyptra  mitriforin,  cover- 
ing the  capsule  to  below  the  middle,  sjdit  and  plicate  to  the 
base  of  its  long  beak :  capsule  oval,  erect ;  teeth  10,  long- 
subulate,  distantly  articulate,  entire,  papillose.  —  ^fosses  of  U. 
States,  35,  and  Icon.  Muse.  G3,  t.  3!).  Weissid  incurva^ 
Schwaegr.  8u]>]>l.  ii.  51, 1. 110.  I*,  jifisilhim^  liruch  &  Schimp. 
Loud.  Journ.  IJot.  (1843)  ii.  005,  not  IJryol.  Kur. ;  Sulliv.  Muse. 
AUegh.  n.  135.  Grbnniia  Ilookeri^  Drunnn.  Muse.  Anier. 
n.  01. 

II Au.  On  exposed  rocks,  especially  samlsloiu';  Eastern  New  York, 
and  southward  to  Georgia;  very  coiuinou  in  Soutlieru  Ohio;  Canada,  near 
Niagara  Falls  (l)riunutond). 

3.  P.  Drummondii,  Sulliv.  Larger  than  the  last  and 
more  loosely  tufted,  ihe  leaves  more  ojten,  spreading  and  re- 
flexed  when  moistencil,  lanceolate,  more  distinctly  ficute  and 
denticulate-serrate  on  the  borders :  j)eristonie  attached  far  be- 
low the  orilice  of  the  capsule,  the  teeth  shorter,  joined  in  ])air8, 
closely  articulate,  split  at  the  apex  into  two  or  three  irregidar 
short  segments  ;  animius  wanting,  and  sj)ores  larger.  —  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  30,  and  Icon.  Muse.  05,  t.  40.  (^  immia  Dram- 
mondii^  Hook,  tfc  Wils, ;  Wils.  in  Hook.  Journ.  IJot.  vl'^^1)  iii« 
90,  t.  3,  and  iv.  422,  t.  25,  B. 

Hah.     On  trees,  from  b^   ithern  Virginia  and  Tennessee  southward. 

4.  P.  pygmSBUm,  Lesij.  &  James.  Plants  very  small, 
olive-green  leaves  close,  spreading  when  moist,  twisted  when 
dry,  linear  Iroin  the  more  enlarged  ovate  base,  muticous,  dark 
green,  smool  ;  costa  vanishing  far  below  the  apex:  ma!" 
flowers  axillary  in  buds  at  the  base  of  the  pericha3tium :  calyj*- 
trn  large,  covering  the  capsule  to  its  base :  capsule  on  a  shoi  i 
re<ldish  pedicel,  oval,  with  a  coUum  one-third  as  long  as  the 
s])orangium  ;  teetli  nearly  equal,  linear-subulate,  papillose,  red- 
dish, joined  in  jjairs  at  base,  some  connate  their  whole  length ; 
articulations  indistinct.  —  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  130. 

IIah.  On  stones  (?)  uear  the  Neosho  River,  Kansas,  aud  at  Bolivar, 
liissouri  (£.  Ilall). 


V  I    '  ■ 


I      »: 


I 


Si  I  4  '.I  S 


^  Ml 


^    'It 


R  n  B't'irr!!"'^ 


158 


BRYACEiE. 


[Gli/phomltrlum. 


,i,s 


This  species,  the  sinallost  of  the  genus,  is  distinct  in  its  small  size,  the 
obscure  arcolatiun  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves,  the  cells  hyaline  and 
liexagonal  at  the  base,  the  well-ujarl.ed  neck  of  the  capsule  extending  one- 
third  of  its  length,  and  the  teeth  united  in  pairs,  entire  or  agglutinate  their 
Avhole  length. 

52.  GLYPHOMITRIUM,  Brid. 
Plants  very  small,  siinplo  or  si)aringly  branched,  tufted. 
Leaves  ovate  and  lanceolate,  o|)a(|ue ;  pericluetium  long,  the 
inner  leaves  sheathing  nearly  to  the  apex.  Flowers  moncecious, 
axillary.  Calyptra  large,  descending  to  below  the  base  of  the 
caj)sule,  many  times  sjtlit  and  plicate.  Capsule  globose,  solid, 
erect,  on  a  somewhat  long  pedicel.  Lid  conical-acuminate. 
Teeth  of  the  ]>eristome  IG,  lanceolate,  very  entire,  a])iiroximate 
in  pairs,  with  hyaline  borders.     Annulus  none.     Spores  large. 

I.  G.  Canadense,  Mitten.  Leaves  lanceolate,  tapering  to 
an  acute  or  blunt  point,  the  borders  recurved  from  the  base  to 
the  middle  ;  cells  oblong  near  the  base,  narrower  at  the  angles, 
gradually  becoming  round  above ;  ]>ericha»tial  leaves  very 
broadly  ovate,  convolute,  short-apiculate :  calyi>tra  rugose  at 
the  apex  :  capsule  oval,  on  a  short  pedicel  5  or  6  m.m.  long.  — 
Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  21. 

ITab.     Britisli  America  (iJruminond). 

Resembles  tl;e  Euroiiean  G.  Dameti'd,  but  differs  in  the  oval  capsule, 
the  sliort  pedicel,  and  the  shorter  stems. 

63.  AMPHORIDIUM,  Schimp.  {V\.  2,  as  Zygodon.) 
Plants  soft,  yellowish  or  dirty  green  above,  black  or  brown 
below.  Leaves  soft,  carinate,  cris])ate  when  dry.  Flowers 
monoecious  or  di(Ecious ;  jjcrichajtium  sheathing.  Calyptra 
cucuUate,  small,  fugacious.  Capsule  short-pedicellate,  without 
peristome,  contracted  under  the  orifice,  urceolate  when  dry  and 
empty. 

1.  A.  Lapponicum,  Schimp.  Monoecious:  stems  brittle, 
2  to  4  cm.  long :  leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  the  upper  longer, 
spreading  or  curved  back  when  moist,  crispate  when  dry, 
bright  green  when  young ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex : 
male  flowers  in  axillary  sometimes   aggregate  buds :    capsule 


\ 


Amj)ho>-idlum.] 


BKYACE.E. 


159 


emevLfont,  brown,  redilish-striato,  oval,  with  an  Inflated  ni'ck 
nearly  as  lonjj;  as  the  s])orangtuin  ;  pedicel  short,  i)ale.  —  Syn. 
247.  (jt/m)u>stotnH>n  Jjupponicuni^  Iledw.  Muse.  Krond.  iii. 
10,  t.  T).  Zi/(jodon  AappoHicntiy  JJrueh  &  Schirnp.  liryol.  Eur. 
t.  200 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  32. 
Had.    Fissures  of  rucks ;  most  abundant  in  the  mountains.    June. 

2.  A.  Mougeotii,  Sehimi*.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its 
larger  more  pulvinate  tufts,  the  plants  slii^htly  eurlinjj;,  yellowish 
ujreen  above,  ferrui^inous  below,  with  few  radicles :  the  leaves 
longer  and  narrower,  with  borders  recurved  toward  the  base, 
the  periduetial  enlarged,  not  tubulose,  sheathing  near  the  base 
only,  narrower;  the  capsule  on  a  i>edicel  twice  as  long  and  dis- 
tinctly emergent,  the  beak  of  the  lid  longer  acicular ;  and  the 
flowers  di(ecious.  —  Syn.  248.  Zi/f/odoii  Moiiyeotii,  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  20G ;  SuUiv.  1.  c. 

Hau.  White  Mountains;  Wissaliickon,  near  Pliiladelphia  (James), 
sterile. 

3.  A.  Californicum.  Ditrcious:  i)lants  soft  and  loosely 
pulvinate,  yellowish  green  above,  ferruginous  and  radiculose 
below :  leaves  very  crispate  and  twisted  when  dry,  spreading 
and  flexuous  when  moist,  narrowly  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
deeply  canalieulate-cariuate  ;  costa  excurrent ;  borders  revolute 
below,  flat  and  remotely  sharply  denticulate  above  ;  upj)er  areo- 
lation  minute,  quadrate,  not  inflated  ;  perichuitial  leaves  nar- 
rower and  more  acute,  not  sheathing,  slightly  subrevolute  on  the 
borders :  capsule  small,  oval,  urceolate,  subexserted  on  a  short 
somewhat  arcuate  pedicel :  male  j)lants  stouter.  —  Zi/godon 
CidifornicuSy  llampe ;  Muell.  Bot.  Zeit.  xx.  301  ;  Lesq.  Trans. 
Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  0 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  47,  t.  32. 

Hab.  On  shaded  rocks;  San  Jose  Valley,  California  (Bauer)',  Darda- 
nelles Caflon,  etc.  (Bolander)\  near  the  British  boundary  (Lyall). 

The  fertile  plants  had  not  been  discovered  by  Ilampe,  who  considered 
the  inflorescence  as  probably  dicpcious. 

4.  A.  Sullivantii.  Plants  long,  slender,  flexuous,  in  loose 
intricate  yellowish  brown  tufts,  beset  with  a  few  bundles  of 
radicles  sometimes  attached  to  the  apex  of  the  leaves :  leaves 
remote,  rocurved-spreading,  lanceolate  from  the  slightly  decur- 
rent  base,  concave,  entire,  with  borders  reflexed  up  to  the 
middle,  comi>licate,  distantly  serrate  upward  ;  costa  pei-cur- 
rcnt :  flowers  and  fruit  unknown.  —  Zygodon  Sullivantii^ 
Muell.  Syn.  i.  079 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  32,  and  Icon. 


) 


ll; 


;■!? 


:; 


i 

I 


I'     ' 
1 1  ■ 


1^1 


M 


i.4!J 


r 


w' 


160 


BRYACE.E. 


[Amphoridlum. 


3Iusc.  i.  51,  t.  32;   Sulliv.  &  Losq.  Muse.  Ror.-Aiu.  Exsiec. 
n.  114.     Syrrh(^>odon  excelsus,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Alkgli.  n.  170. 

Haij.  Hocks  on  the  top  of  Giunilfather  Mountain,  North  Carolina 
{Gray  &  Sulltcant)',  summit  of  Black  Mountains,  in  same  State,  on 
branches  and  rocks  (Lc-ti/ucrcux). 

5.  A.  CSBSpitOSUm.  Mueh  like  A.  Mougeotii  in  si/.u  and 
aspeet,  difteriiig  in  the  leaves  erect  at  base,  open  aiul  incurved 
toward  the  apex,  gradually  acute,  distantly  serrulate,  the  basilar 
cells  oblong-rectangular,  ovoid  in  the  niid<11e,  round  above.  — 
Jj'ubjmoOon  cfesjyitosus^  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  18. 

IIa«.    Vancouver  Island  (L/za/i). 


t'  ; 


■i     '1. 


■ !  «(i 


^ 


54.  DRUMMONDIA,  Hook.  (PI.  2.) 
In  wide  compressed  tufts,  the  stems  divided  into  long  creeping 
shoots  with  very  short  branches.  Leaves  crowded.  Calyptra 
large,  cuculliform,  originally  conical,  as  in  Schlotheunia.  Teeth 
of  the  peristome  10,  short,  truncate,  entire,  densely  trabeculate, 
smooth  and  thin. 

1.  D.  clavellata,  Hook.  Tufts  dark  green,  blackish  in- 
side; stems  prostrate,  naked,  radiculose  on  the  lower  side  the 
whole  length  ;  branches  numerous,  short,  erect,  often  prolonged 
into  long  creej)ing  shoots  around  the  tufts :  leaves  open-erect, 
ovate-lanceolate,  blunt  or  acute,  concave,  firm,  costate-sulcate 
to  near  the  aj)ex ;  areolation  dense,  punctiforin ;  perichietial 
leaves  similar:  flowers  ditrcious,  terminal  or  lateral  by  innova- 
tions: calyptra  inflated,  somewhat  plicate  at  base,  reaching  to 
the  base  of  the  cai)sule :  capsule  terminal  on  short  erect 
branches,  short-pedicelled,  ovate-globose,  microstome,  thin, 
quite  smooth  ;  lid  obliquely  rostrate  ;  annulus  none.  —  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer.  n.  62 ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  G87 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  L^. 
States,  32,  and  Icon.  ]\Iusc.  52,  t.  33.  Macromitrium^  Schwaegr. 
Giimnostomum  prorejiGus^  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  35,  t.  3. 

Had.    On  trees;  Northern  and  Middle  States;  common. 

55.  ULOTA,  Mohr.    (PI.  2.) 
Leaves  long,  lanceolate,  flexuous,  erispate  and  twisted  when 
dry ;  cells  at  the  middle  of  the  concave  base  linear  and  chloro- 
phyllose,  enlarged  and  hyaline  on  the  borders.     Flowei-s  monce- 


Ulota.] 


BRY\CE^. 


161 


cioiis,  the  male  gommiform.  Calyptra  yellow,  deeply  split  at 
base,  ohtust'ly  plicate,  j^enerally  covered  with  long  flexiious 
yellowish  hairs.  Capsule  exserted,  narrowed  into  a  long 
colliun,  twisted  to  the  left  when  dry. —  Weissia,  Ehrh. 

#  Primary  stems  creepimj :   leaves  scarcely  crispate  xchen  dry. 

1.  U.  Drummondii,  Hrid.  Tufts  yellowish  green  :  leaves 
linear-lanceolate  from  an  ovate  l)ase,  the  comal  longer :  male 
flowers  axillary  :  calyptra  somewhat  hairy :  capsule  exserted  on 
a  long  pedicel,  ovate-clavate  or  fusiform,  obscurely  H-sulcate, 
light  hrown,  distinctlv  8-costate  to  the  base  when  old  ;  lid  coni- 
cal-acun>inate,  whitish  at  the  a|>ex,  yellow  at  base;  teeth  !♦), 
whitish.  —  liryol.  Univ.  i.  291).  Orthotrichnm  Drummondii, 
Grev.  Scot.  Cryjtt.  Fl.  t.  115;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  210.  Wtissia 
DrummondU,,  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  28. 

IIab.     Canada  (Dnoiimond). 

We  have  been  unable  to  find  tills  species  in  any  of  the  sets  of  Druin- 
mond's  mosses,  though  Schiniper  mentions  it  as  sent  from  Canada  by 
Drunnnond.  Like  the  following  it  is  distinct  from  all  the  other  species 
in  its  long  creeping  stems,  and  from  U.  Liulwtyii  in  its  more  robust 
habit,  the  form  of  the  capsule,  etc. 

2.  U.  Ludwigii,  Brid.  Stems  somewhat  creeping  or  de- 
cumbent: leaves  linear-lanceolate,  plane  or  slightly  undulate  on 
the  borders,  oj)en  when  moist,  slightly  twisted  when  dry :  cap- 
sule clavMte-pyriform,  thin,  yellowish  brown,  abruptly  contracted 
and  plicate  at  the  orifice  when  deoperculate  and  dry;  teeth 
erect  when  dry,  close,  whitish,  with  irregular  fugacious  frag- 
ments of  an  internal  membrane  as  cilia.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Su])j)l. 
iv.  112;  Schimp.  Syn.  254.  Orthotrichum  Ludwiyii,  Urid.  1.  c. 
ii.  6 ;  Schwaegr.  Supi)l.  i.  2.  24,  t.  51 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  225 ;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  34.     Weissia  coarctata^  Lindb.  1.  c. 

II An.  Small  trunks  and  branches  of  trees;  common  in  mountainous 
regions. 

*  *  Leaves  cirrate-crl spate  inhen  dry. 

3.  U.  CUrvifolia,  Brid.  1.  c.  Tufts  loose,  yellowish  bro>\Ti 
or  black ;  stems  erect  from  a  decuml)ent  base :  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  acutely  carinate,  plane  on  the  borders,  densely  papil- 
lose: calyptra  deeply  lobate,  pale:  capsule  small,  shorter- 
pedicellate,  ovate,  striate,  costate  to  the  base  when  dry ;  teeth 
bigerainate,  separated  to  the  middle,  lacunose  at  the  apex ;  cilia 


m 

f, 


i 


i  1 


w 


162 


BIIYACE.E. 


[riotn. 


8,  of  a  <lo»l)U»  row  of  ci'lls,  t'(|U!il  in  Unijth.  —  Orthotrichntn 
cnrrifolhuH,  Wahl.  V\.  Laitp.  ilG;] ;  lir^ol.  Eur.  t.  220.  Weissia 
VHt'ri/itllit^  Liiidl).  I.  e. 

Hah.     Caiiiula  {Dntuimonil,  fi»l«'  Soliiinpcr). 

As  ill  lilt!  ciiH*'  of  U.  Dntnunonilil,  wu  luiV(>  bofiii  unable  to  And  this 
spccifs  ill  any  of  uiir  sots  uf  Druuinioiid's  inossos. 

4.  U.  Bruchii,  Ilomscli.  Lojivos  liiicar-liincoolatc  from  an 
t'lilari^cd  ovate  concavo  base,  loufx,  Ht'xuous,  twiistod  wlu'ii  «lry ; 
pcrichii'tial  Icavi'S  cMvct,  sulcato  loiii^tliwise  at  baso;  basilar 
cc'IIh  loni^  and  narrow,  vermicular,  thit'k-walU'<l ;  those  of  tlie 
bonlors  fnlarj^od,  ({ua(h'ate:  calyptra  deeply  split,  very  hairy: 
capsule  exserted  on  a  long  i)edicel,  oval,  long-neeked,  H-striale, 
])yriform  and  narrowed  at  the  orifice  when  empty ;  teeth  long, 
bigeminate,  reHexed  when  dry ;  cilia  8,  rarely  10,  Hliforni,  as 
long  as  the  teeth,  or  when  10  alternately  longer  and  shorter. — 
IJrid.  Jiryol.  Tniv.  i.  794.  OHhotrichum  coarctatum,  and  O. 
ililatatuhi,  Hrueh  &  Sehimp.,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  li'27.  O.  Jiriichii, 
Wils.  Bryol.  IJrit.  18H,  t.  45;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  84. 
^Vcissia  Urut/iii,  Lin<lb.  I.  c. 

Ham.     White  Mountains  ((hikes);  Upper  Canada  (/)rfo»»<oH<Z). 

Similar  to  O.  criximin,  hut  more  robust,  tlio  leaves  less  erispate,  rather 
twisted  when  dry,  the  capsule  larger,  contracted  and  narrowed  at  the 
mouth  when  dry. 

5.  U.  Crispa,  Brid.  Tufts  soft,  yellowish  green  on  the 
outside,  ferruginous  within  :  leaves  sinnlar  to  those  of  the  last 
8i)ecie8,  erispate  when  dry :  calyptra  very  hairy  :  capsule  oval, 
with  a  verv  long  collum  descendiiiijc  to  near  the  base  of  the 
short  pedicel,  constricted  under  the  orifice,  much  lengthened, 
fusiform,  deeply  sulcate  when  dry  and  emj)ty ;  teeth  8,  con- 
fluent, rarely  separated  into  16,  lanceolate ;  dividing  line  dis- 
tinct ;  cilia  8,  stouter  and  shorter  than  in  the  last.  —  Muse. 
Recent.  Stippl.  iv.  112.  Weissia  ulophylla^  Ehrh.  Beitr.  i.  191. 
Orthoti'ichum  crispum,  Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  96,  t.  35;  iiryol. 
Eur.  t.  228  ;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 

Var.  minor.  Plants  smaller ;  leaves  subovate  at  base.  — 
U.  intermedia^  Sehimp.  Syn.  (ed.  2)  305  ? 

Hab.  Trunks  and  branches  of  trees  on  mountains;  not  rare.  The 
variety  near  Lake  Huron,  British  America  (Drummond,  n.  153). 

6.  U.  Americana,  Mitt.  Differing  from  (7.  crispa  only  in 
its  shorter  stem,  the  leaves  twisted-crispate  (not  appressed- 
twisted,  as  described  by  the  author),  the  base  of  the  leaves  sub* 


Ulota.] 


BRYACE.f:. 


103 


oval,  not  i^onerally  as  onlari^i'd  as  in  f.  crinp't,  rcsoniWliim  in 
that  point  those  of  (/.  criKpuln.  — Journ.  Linn,  ^•o('.  viii.  'Jli. 

II All.  Luke  Iliiruii  (Todd)\  Uritish  America  (Dniininund,  u.  l'>',\,  wllh 
17.  llriirhii). 

As  ooiiipleting  the  diagnosis  of  the  speoies,  the  author  says  that  the 
cells  in  the  iiiiildle  of  the  lanceolate  part  of  the  leaves  nuiiiher  tiu'ee 
wltlilii  the  thousandth  part  of  an  ineh,  and  only  two  in  T.  rrhi><i,  and 
two  and  a  lialf  in  U.  crisimlii.  In  the  plants  wc  have  examined  from 
Drununond's  sets,  the  correspond iny  eells  of  U,  iiiittrirtnid  are  gen»'raily 
hroader  than  in  U.  crlspd.  The  horders  of  the  leav«'s  also  are  flat  and 
entire,  not  recurved  nor  suherose  as  descrlhed  hy  Mitten.  Six'cimens  are 
fre(|uently  nuich  ndxcd  in  the  Drunnnond  sets,  and  it  appears  that  in  our 
sets,  at  least,  n.  \M  merely  represents  a  variety  of  C  crinim,  apparently 
the  U.  interiiiediu  of  Sehimper. 

7.  U.    Crispula,    lJri<l.      Dit'fcrinjjf   from  f\  rri,spn   in    its 

smaller  size,  the  green  color  of  the  tufts  lu'coniinj^  fc'rrMi>inous 

or  brown  witii  age,  the  leaves  a  little  shorter  and  Inoader,  more 

twiste<l-oris)>ate  when  (h*y,  the  capsule  slnnter  and  with  shorter 

neck,  thin,  more  narrowly  striate,  pale  yellow,  shortene<l  pyri- 

form-truncate  and  o])en-inout'ie<l  or  slightly  contracted  ninler 

the  orifice  when  dry  and  empty,  and  in  the  shorter  teeth. — 

Bryol.  Univ.  i.  793.     Orthotrichum  crispiihoH,  IJruch;  JJryol. 

Eur.  t.  228  ;  Siilliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  34.     Weinsfa  crisjndi^ 

Lindb.  1.  c. 

II A«.  With  the  former,  hut  more  connnon;  plains  and  hilly  districts 
of  the  middle  and  northern  zones. 

8.  U.  phyllantha,  Brid.     Densely  tufted,  greenish  brown  : 

leaves  long,  linear-lanceolate,  much  twisted  and  beautifidly  cir- 

cinate ;    costa  percurrent,  often  thickened  and  bearing  at  the 

apex  an  agglomeration  of  small  brown   articulate  cylindrical 

bodies:  flowers  and  fruit  unknown.  —  Muse.  Hecent.  Sujtjd.  iv. 

113.     Orthotricfmm  phyllantlmm^  Steud. ;   Bryol.  Eur.  t.  223. 

0.  fasciculare^  LaPyl. ;   Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  790.     Weissia 

'phyllantha^  Lindb.  1.  c. 

IIab.  Trunks  of  trees,  Oregon  {E.  Hall)',  Vancouver  Island  (  Wood); 
Newfoundland  {LaPylaie). 

♦  #  ♦  Leaves  striate^  rigid. 

9.  U.  HutchinsiSB,  Schlmp.  Tufts  greenish  brown ;  plants 
erect,  brittle  when  dry :  leaves  close,  imbricate,  rigid  when  dry, 
erect,  slightly  open  when  moist,  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  from 
the  ovate  base ;  borders  reflexed  :  calyptra  very  hairy  :  capsule 
on  a  more  or  less  long  pedicel,  gradually  narrowed  to  a  long 


MM\ 


.( 


in 


-m 


»  ■■? 


S   iiJi 


y  I 


164 


BIIYACE.E. 


[llota. 


colliim,  oval,  H-.strlati'  its  whole  lonijth,  8.|)lirate  when  dry, 
ycllowisli,  i;ra<lually  iiarrowinj^  to  tlit*  orillco  wIk'II  'Iry;  tci'tli 
H,  lin('ai'-Iaii('t'<)lati',  hii^i'iiiinato,  entire  or  hitid  at  the  a|)ex,  re- 
flexed  wIh'M  dry;  cilia  H,  a  little  Hhorter  than  the  tet'th. — 
C'oroll.  41.  (Jrt/iotnc/iuin  America ttntn,,  Heauv.  I*r<)dr.  HO.  O. 
.  J/Ktc/iifiniffi,  Smith,  Eiit^d.  Hot.  t.  'jr)'2:j ;  Hryol.  Kur.  t.  ii'iC); 
Siilliv.  MosseH  of  v.  States,  H4.     Weisaia  Amcricaua^  Lindb.  1.  e. 

Ham.  On  ^ruiiltc  rocks  in  tlu;  mountains,  coninion. 
H>.  U.  Barclay!,  Mitt.  Plants  short,  loosely  cespitose, 
yellowish  brown  :  leaves  ereet,  open  when  moist,  appresse<l 
when  dry,  obovate,  coneave  at  base,  lanceolate,  acute  or  acumi- 
nate, cariiiate,  jdane  on  the  borders;  costa  vanishinuf  below  tho 
apex ;  upper  cells  anj^ularly  round,  smooth,  the  lower  oblontj, 
hyaline:  calyi)tra  conical,  with  a  few  short  hairs:  capsule 
broadly  oval,  passing  down  to  a  long  pedicel,  thicker  in  tho 
u|)]>er  part;  teeth  8,  bigcninate,  with  15  or  IG  articulations, 
linear,  punctulate ;  cilia  8,  narrow,  as  long  as  the  teeth.  — 
JoikHi.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  2G;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Su])i)l.  75,  t.  50. 

IIah.     Sitka  (/^//v;^<y). 

Similar  to  Orthotrlchum  Jnponicum,  Sulliy.  &  Lesq.,  in  Rogers  North 
Pacif.  Expl.  £xped.,  and  the  two  may  represent  varieties  of  one  species. 

66.  ORTHOTRICHUM,  Iledw. 

Plants  pulvinate,  rooting  at  base  in  the  axils  of  the  branches. 
Leaves  striate  when  dry ;  cells  of  the  areolation  round-hexago- 
nal or  oval,  more  or  less  chloroj^hyllose,  minutely  papillose  or 
rarely  smooth  in  the  upper  part,  the  lower  larger,  hexagonal- 
rectangular,  hyaline.  Flowers  generally  monoecious,  the  male 
in  8e])arate  lateral  buds.  Calyptra  cam[)anulate-mitrate,  split 
and  carinate-plicate  at  base,  deej^ly  sulcate  at  the  apex,  hairy  or 
naked.  Capsule  generally  immersed,  8-16-striate,  rarely  smooth 
when  dry.  Peristome  simple  or  double,  the  outer  of  8  bigem- 
inate  or  of  16  geminate  teeth,  the  inner  of  8  or  16  cilia.  Annu- 
lus  none  or  vc^y  narrow.  —  Dorcadion^  Adans.,  in  Lindb.  Syst. 

♦  Plants  of  medium  size :  leaves  solid,  striate :  capsule  more 
or  less  exserted ;  peristome  simple. 

1.  O.  anomalum,  Hedw.  Stems  erect,  mostly  simple : 
lower  leaves  distant,  the  uprer  densely  crowded,  open,  ovate' 


Orthotrichum.] 


BIIYACE.E. 


1G5 


lanccolute,  rcvoliitc  on  the  honlcrs,  distltu'tly  papilltw  ;  Imsi- 
lar  arcotiition  n'ctanjxular,  tlu'  upper  roinnl-hi'xat;()iial :  <'alyptra 
Wirty  brown,  liairy  :  ea|»niile  exserted  (»n  a  i-oniparativi-ly  loiii^ 
pi'<lict'l,  ovate-ol)l(Hi^,  iiidistiiu'tly  KUstriate,  eoiistrictiMl  in  the 
niidtUe  when  dry  ;  teeth  liijht  yellow,  ereet  when  dry  ;  cilia 
none  or  riulitnentary.  —  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  lO'J,  t.  37;  IJryoh 
Eur.  t.  'JIO.     <>.  futwati/e,  IJrid.  Hrvol.  I'niv.  i.  27'). 

IIaii.  Oil  liiiifsloiiK  rocks;  Niauiirii  KhIIh;  Siilt'iii,  Muss.;  Ontario, 
Ciiiiiiila;  Hucky  MoiiiitaiiiH,  «>tr. ;  nirt'.  A  doulitful  (orni  from  tlic 
Wasliot^  Moiuitaiiis,  Nevada  {\\'ntMt»i),  with  thirkcr  nion*  j)ai>lllost'  ami 
nioH'  rt'volutu  IcHvcH,  clust'r  uroolallon,  and  iiiorc  pilo^^*'  calyplra,  in  nicii- 
tion«(l  l»y  Janius  (Hot.  Klnj,'  Kxp.  402;  Hot.  Calif,  ii.  :{s;{). 

-.  O.  ISBVigatum,  /ett.  Like  the  hist  in  si/.t*  and  aspeet, 
dil't'erini^  in  the  very  hairy  ealyptra,  the  eaitsule  not  striate  and 
jterfeetly  smooth  when  dry,  the  teeth  very  papillose  and  more 
eloMi'ly  articuhite,  with  rudimentary  cilia,  and  in  the  narrower 
Itasal  cells  of  the  leaves.  —  Schimp.  IJryol.  Eur.  Supjtl.  t.  li ; 
James,  Hot.  Kinix  Exj*.  402. 

IIau.     I'ali-Ute  Mountains,  Wostern  Xevada  (  Wdtnon), 

3.  O.  CUpulatum,  Iloffm.  (Jrowing  in  more  or  less  dense 
tut'ts,  of  a  dirty  jjfreen  or  brownish  color :  leaves  close,  spread- 
iniij  when  moist,  ohloni^-lanceolate,  retlexed  on  the  borders; 
cells  very  small  toward  the  apex:  ealyptra  cami»anulate,  shorter 
and  broader  than  in  O.  anomaliun^  slightly  hairy,  pale  reddish 
brown:  capsule  lialf-emerLjent,  globose-ovate,  short-necked,  IG- 
striate,  the  slriie  more  or  less  dai'k  yellow  and  alternately  short 
and  Ioniser,  IG-costate  and  urci'olate  wiien  dry  aixl  em]»ty  ; 
lid  )>ale  yellow,  <leep  orani^e  at  base,  short,  straiuht-beaked  from 
its  convex  base  ;  teeth  KJ,  free  to  the  base,  pale  yellow,  sj>rea<l- 
ini;  star-like  when  drv.  —  Deutschl.  Fl.  ii.  2(5 ;  Hrvol.  Eur.  t.  201). 

Var.  minus,  Sidliv.  Plants  sliort,  closely  pulvinate,  black- 
ish ijreen:  leaves  more  distinctly  revolute  on  the  borders,  some- 
what narrower:  capsule  shorter.  —  Icon.  Suppl.  Gl,  t.  44.  O. 
J^escuni,  Aust.,  Muse.  A])pal.  n.  1G8,  and  liull.  Torr.  Club,  vi. 
841. 

Var.  Peckii,  SuUiv.  1.  c.  Capsule  subovate,  8-strlate  :  ealyp- 
tra distinctly  hairy. —  O.  Peckii^  Aust.,  Muse.  Appal,  n.  1G2; 
Peck,  Rep.  N.  Y.  Univ.  (1873),  xxv.  71.  O.  cupulatwn  (?), 
Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.)  n.  81. 

Var.  Porteri,  SuUiv.  1.  c.  Capsule  8-  (rarely  1G-)  striate, 
longer-pedicellate. —  0.  Porteri,  Aust.,  11.  cc.,  n.  IGl,  and  vi.  341. 


! 

i 

II 


■ '' 

1 

in 


r 


ICO 


IIUYACE.K. 


[Ortliotrlclium, 


Var.  parvulum,  Sulliv.  1.  c.  Plants  of  Niutill  h'v/.v.  \vi\\'vn 
narrower:  ra|tsiil»'  S-Mtriatf. —  ().  pari'iihtni.  Mitt.  .loiini.  I, inn. 
Soc.  viii.  -;"».  (),  StHnnii^  Sulliv.  &>  \A'Si\,  aMumc.  Iloi.-Ani. 
E\f*i<'('.  n.  1 17,  in  part. 

IIaii.  Dry  rockii,  In  tlif  nii<lill«>  diNtrict!!;  ('kiiili,  Culifoniin  lHnhtnilrr); 
tlio  llrst  vuri«'ty  (III  litiicHtoiiu!  nxtkH  uloii);  tlutOlilo  Hlwr  {l,tHiiinnitx)\ 
tin-  M«M'()ii(|  ill  Nfw  York  (I'rrk);  lln!  third  in  r«'iiii»ylvanlii  ( /'o/'/cr);  ihti 
lust  in  N>w  Mcxiro  (  W'linlit). 

4.  O.  Sturmii,  II<>|>|i(>  &  Ilomscli.  TnftH  Unh  coinitact, 
P'cfnisli  Mack  or  luuwn:  li'avrs  open  an<l  rt'curvcd  wlu'n  nioint, 
rcvoliitc  on  tiic  wlioli'  niari^in,  I'spi'cially  wlii'ii  <lrv,  acutely 
carinatc;  u|ip»'r  arcolation  (Icnscly  papillose,  the  basilar  rect- 
aii;;ular  or  vermicular,  nodulose  near  tlie  hase,  <|ua(lrate-e(|ual 
at  the  anu:les:  ealyptra  very  hairy:  capsule  ininiersed,  oval, 
short-necked,  with  H  very  obscure  stria*,  slightly  constricted 
undi-r  the  orili«'e  when  dry  and  empty,  and  there  H.<'ostate, 
smooth  in  the  middle;  teeth  pale-yellow,  not  as  distinctly 
punctate  as  in  the  preci'dinu;,  erect,  slightly  incurved  whi'ii  dry; 
cilia  none  or  rudimentary.  —  Kegensl).  Flora  (IHIU),  ii.  HI); 
13rvol.  Kur.  t.  Ii0!>. 

Hah.     liocks,  VoHpniito  Viilh'y  {Itohindcr);  Novada  (  Watsoi)). 

f).  O.  Texanum,  Sulliv.  Plants  Inrs^'e,  loosely  i»ulvinate, 
brown  or  blackish  jxreen  :  leaves  loosely  indtricate,  erect-o|)en 
when  dry,  spreadinn-recurved  when  moist,  <lee|ily  carinate- 
costato  or  subplicate  from  the  mid<llc  to  the  apex,  line.'ir-lanceo- 
late ;  borders  rcHexed  all  around;  upper  areohition  oj>a(|ue, 
punctiform,  slii,ditly  |»apillose  ;  lower  cells  Ioniser  and  oblonir, 
pellucid:  ealyptra  loni>;,  coverinjjf  the  eaj)sulo  to  the  b.'ise,  very 
hairy:  capsule  inmiersed  on  a  short  pedicel,  oblonsjf-obovate, 
short-necked,  distinctly  8-costate  its  whole  length  when  <lry  ; 
lid  with  a  short  straight  beak  ;  teeth  8  and  bii^eminate,  or  1(5 
jxeminate  and  adjacent  in  ]>airs,  whitish  yellow ;  cilia  1(5,  rudi- 
mentary and  rarely  seen.  —  JNIosses  of  U.  States,  33,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  53,  t.  34 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lcscj.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n. 
I'l'l  (exdudinii  diaufiiosis). 

Var.  globosum,  Losq.  Stems  shorter:  leaves  erect  when 
moist :  cajtsule  shorter,  jiflobose,  emergent  upon  a  somewhat 
longer  pedicel,  with  a  brown  shining  ealyptra.  —  Mem.  Calif. 
Acad.  i.  17. 

Hah.  Texas  (Wright);  New  Mexico  {Fendler);  on  rocks,  California 
{Jiolandcr);  Colorado  (  Wolf  JSc  JRothrock). 


OrUiulrlchuin.] 


HHYA(  K.K. 


K57 


Tin*  uprclfs  \n  much  llko  O.  Stunnll,  hut  <ll(T«'r«  In  the  liirKor  pliuits, 
witli  loii^or  iiiirrowi'r  iixM-f  riTiiivt-tl  iiiitl  Kpt-fiulliiK  l*-av«>s,  ii  lunw  hairy 
Ciilyptni,  11  loiiK*'!'  ciiphtilf  proiiihifiitly  s-rihlM'tl  thiiMi^jhuul  when  tlry,  uml 
»ii  liiiirr  pcriMtoiitf,  tltoii^lt  iiioi'i!  ui-  h-HM  ruiliiiifiitary. 

<>.  O.  Douglasii,  Duhy.     similar  lo  O.  VrxdHutn,  <lil'f(iiiii^ 

ill  till'  U'iivi's  (lisiiiictly  rt'voliit*'  on  llic  ImmiIits,  tin-  u|t|u'r  airu- 

latioii   |)i'<>iiiiiifiitly    pajtillosc,   tlu-  ralyptra   iiioi-c   ciilaru:!')!   at 

banr,  tlu'  ('a|»suU'  I'xsritcd  on  a  sonu'wliat    Iont;»'f  )M'(li(i'|,  tli«' 

]i<l  lonniT-rostrati',  ami  in  tlii'  hliortn*  an*l  l»n>a<U'r  tri'tli  willi- 

»mt  traci's  of  cilia.  —  (ii'iii-v.  Soc.  IMiys.  Mem.  xix.  liU:{,  t.  1, 

*  ♦  I'cristome   double^  the   hukcr  of  8   cilia :    cajtsule  ribbed 

ir/ien  dri/. 

7.  O.  rupestre,  SchK'ii'li.  IMants  lonix,  l()os«'ly  ccspitosc, 
(U'cumlu'iit :  U'avi's  sprcadini;,  ri'i'nrvcd  when  moist,  strict, 
riirid  and  iml>i'icatc  when  drv,  ol)loiii'-lan('i'oIati',  rcvolutc  or 
involnto  on  tlio  bordcrM;  ni)|K'r  arcolation  very  small,  scarcely 
distinct,  tli((  basilar  narrowly  rectant^ular,  more  or  less  virmicii- 
lar  near  tlie  costa,  minutely  p.'ipillose  on  both  faces:  <aly|»tra 
eampaniilate,  covered  with  yellow  hairs:  capsule  «'meru:<'nt  or 
sulu'inerufeiit,  broadly  ovate,  decurrent  into  a  short  neck,  faintly 
H-striate,  jiale  yellow  when  youiiLT,  reddish  bntwn  when  old, 
truncate  when  dry  or  slightly  c(»iistricted  in  the  middle,  H- 
ribbed  in  tlu^  upper  part  only;  lid  convex,  short-beaked  ;  teeth 
16,  in  pairs,  loiii;,  close,  <listantly  punctate,  often  perforated 
alonij  the  dividing  line,  pale  yellow,  erect  when  «lry  ;  cilia 
stout,  of  a  <h)ublo  series  of  cells,  nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth, 
yellowish.  —  Schwaegr.  Su])])!.  i.  'J.  U7,  t.  W^  ;  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  L>17. 

Il.vn.  On  locks,  Yoscinitc  Valley  {liolnndvr);  Nevada  {W'ntmn); 
Colorado  (  Wolf  &  llolltrock). 

The  species  varies  in  its  more  or  h'ss  loose  or  compact  tufts,  the  stems 
short  or  elongated,  and  the  calyptra  more  or  less  villous.  It  has  the  same 
appearance  as  O.  Stiirmii  and  O.  Tcxanuin,  the  characters  of  the  peri- 
stome essentially  separating  the  species. 

8.  O.  Bolanderi,  Sulliv.  Plants  shorter,  cespitose,  black- 
ish green  :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  recurved-s|)reading  when 
moist,  oblong-lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  a|)ex ;  borders  retlexed  at 
the  base  only;  upjyer  areolation  round,  angular  or  s(|uare, 
bistromatic,  slightly  pajiilloso,  loose  and  elongate<l-oval  toward 
the  base :  calyptra  hairy :  capsule  half-emergent,  oblong-oval, 
8-costate    under    the    orifice,   sl.ort-pedicelled    and    obscurely 


i 


mm' 


168 


BRYACE^. 


[Orthotrichum, 


necked ;  lid  rostellatc ;  teeth  10,  geminate,  long-lanceolate, 
transversely  densely  punctulat .',  lineolate,  refleved  when  dry; 
cilia  8,  rohust,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  of  a  double  row  of  j)unctatu 
cells.  —  Icon.  Muse.  Sui)i)l.  04,  t.  40. 

II All.     On  rocks,  California  (Bolamlcr), 

Allied  to  the  hist,  differing  essentially  in  the  teetli  of  the  peristome,  the 
longer  capsule,  the  histroniatic  cells  of  the  leaves,  etc. 

0.  O.  WatSOni,  James.  Plants  loosely  cespitose,  green, 
yellowish  below;  stem  simjile  or  rarely  divided :  leaves  soft, 
open,  retlexed  when  moist,  lanceolate  from  the  more  enlarged 
erect  base ;  borders  rovolute  all  around  ;  uj)per  areolation  with 
long  bifurcate  papilhc:  calyptra  moderately  hairy:  cajjsule 
short-pedicellate,  emergent,  oval,  without  a  neck,  distinctly  cos- 
tate  when  dry,  .  iid  constricted  under  the  broad  orifice;  lid 
short-beaked  ;  teeth  smooth,  distantly  articulate,  closely  con- 
nate in  pairs,  yellowish  white ;  cilia  stout,  of  a  double  row  of 
cells,  punctate.  —  liot.  King  Exp.  401  ;  SuUiv.  1.  c.  73,  t.  54. 

IIah.  Damp  shaded  rocks,  West  Humboldt  Mountains,  Nevada,  at 
5,500  feet  u<  Itudo  (  Waison). 

Allied  to  o.  "^^xnnuia,  differing  in  its  color,  in  the  broader,  softer, 
more  reflexed  leaves,  the  long  forked  papilliw,  the  peristome,  etc. 

10.  O.  afflne,  Schrad.  Tufts  loose,  dark  green :  leaves 
open  or  slightly  recurved,  lanceolate-acuminate,  very  i)apillose; 
borders  refiexed  all  around :  calyj)tra  conical-mitrate,  greenish, 
with  few  si)are  short  hairs,  covering  nearly  the  whole  sjmran- 
gium :  capsule  of  a  thin  tissue,  emergent,  narrowly  oval,  de- 
fluent  into  a  coUum  nearly  as  long  as  the  sjwrangium  and 
covering  the  pedicel  at  its  base,  sulcate  and  elongated  when 
dry,  pale  yellow,  its  stria?  slightly  darker-colored ;  lid  convex, 
roste:iate,  pale  j  How  ;  teeth  bigeminate,  sometimes  split  along 
the  divisural  line,  pale  yellow ;  cilia  8,  filiform,  as  long  as  the 
tt'eth.  —  Spic.  Fl.  Germ.  07  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  210. 

IIah.     Trunks  of  trees,  Lake  Superior  (Afjamiz). 
Tlie  species  is  easily  confounded  witli  the  following,  thougli  very  dis- 
tinct in  its  nearly  iiaked  calyptra,  its  smaller  size,  shorter  pedicel,  etc. 

11  O.  alpestre,  Ilornsch.  Tufts  comjtact,  brownish 
green  :  leaves  lanceolate,  deejdy  carinate,  revolute  and  minutely 
crenulate  on  the  bore  ers ;  upjier  areolation  minutely  punctate. 
pai>illose,  loose,  linear  or  ecpiilateral,  partly  chlorophyllose  at 
base :  calyptra  nearly  smooth,  covering  three-fourths  of  the 
capsule,  pale   yellow,  turning  blackish  at  the  apex :   ca])sule 


Orthotrichum.] 


BRYACE^. 


169 


emergent,  oval  or  sllglitly  obovatc,  broadly  striate,  uroeolate 
when  empty  an«l  dry  ;  teeth  connate  in  pairs,  perforated  at  the 
apex,  punctate;  cilia  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Schimi),  CoroU. 
42  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  213. 

Var.  majus.  iVIore  robust,  glaucous  green  :  leaves  broader, 
retlexed  on  the  borders;  cells  with  longer  simple  or  double 
])apilhe:  teeth  longer,  entire,  minutely  punctate. —  (J.  aljte.stre, 
var.,  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  CD,  t.  51.  O.  occufenUik.,  James, 
Bot.  King  Hvp.  402. 

IIau.  Upper  Canada,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  (/>>rH»i»a>H'/);  Utah, 
( WatHon). 

12.  O.  SpeciOSUm,  Nees.  Plants  longer  than  in  the  last, 
yellowish  green:  leaves  ch'se,  open,  reciu'ved  when  nu»ist, 
densely  verrucose,  long-lanceolate,  com))Iicate  in  tlie  upper 
part ;  borders  revolute  all  around  :  caiyptra  large,  campanulate, 
covering  nearly  the  whole  capsule,  densely  covered  with  yellow 
flexuous  hairs:  caj)sule  thin,  cylindrical-oblong,  pale  yellow, 
narrowed  into  a  short  collinu  and  comparatively  long-j»e<licelled, 
generally  emeigent,  smooth  when  em])ty  or  merely  narrowly 
costate  near  the  orifice,  obscurely  8-plicate  when  dry  ;  teeth 
bigeminate,  ])erforated  at  the  apex  ;  cilia  generally  8,  rarely  16, 
yellowish,  densely  paj>illose,  more  or  less  sinuous,  composed  of 
two  rows  of  large  cells.  —  Sturm,  Deutsch.  V\.  ii.  17;  Uryol. 
Eur.  t.  217.  O.  eleyans^  Schwaegr. ;  l^ichards.  Frankl.  Karr. 
A})p.  28 ;  Mitten,  Journ,  Linn.  Soc,  viii.  24. 

Var.  polycarpum.  Stem-leaves  very  short,  erect,  ap- 
pressed,  dark  green,  most  of  them  with  male  flowers  in  the 
axils;  comal  leaves  longer:  caiyptra  dark  brown,  deej)ly  pli- 
cate, slightlv  hairy. 

Var.  Raui.  Stems  shorter :  capsule  exserted  on  a  longer 
])edicel ;  teeth  j)ellucid,  distinctly  articulate ;  cilia  longer 
(always  ?)  than  the  teeth.  —  O.  Jiauei,  Austin,  Bull.  Torr. 
Club,  vi.  343. 

II AB.  Trunks  of  trees;  plains  and  mountains.  Widoly  distributed 
and  extremely  variable;  the  varieties  in  the  mountains  of  Colorado  (Hull, 
lirandegee). 

O.  ek'fians,  Schwaegr.,  is  one  of  the  numerous  varieties  of  this  species, 
diifering  from  the  normal  form  in  the  smooth  capsnle  and  the  stems  more 
slender  and  shorter.  O.  Ihtiaeskti,  Aust.  1.  c.  342,  is  another  lorm  of  it, 
differing  merely  in  the  short  and  less  numerous  hairs  of  the  capsule.  Tlie 
specimens  were  collected  on  rocks  in  Colorado  by  Mrs,  Mary  P.  Taines. 
We  have  seen  no  specimens  of  var.  liaui. 


w 

I 
i 


I' 


illl: 


'm 


M 

m 

:  I  ^ 


yM 


lifWWff^ 


170 


BRYACE.E. 


[Orthotrichum. 


13.  O.  Hallii,  Sulliy.  &  Losq.  Plants  small,  loosely  ces])!- 
tose;  stems  simi)k',  divided  by  basilar  innovations:  leaves 
sj>reading,  linear-lanceolate,  blnnt  at  the  apex  ;  borders  revo- 
lute  from  the  base  to  the  middle;  nj)i>er  areolation  dense,  with 
round  ])a])illose  cells;  jteriduetial  leaves  similar:  calyptra  large, 
slightly  hairy,  covering  the  capsule  to  its  base:  ca])sule  sub- 
immersed,  oval,  OK  a  short  thick  pedicel  entirely  covered  by  the 
tube  of  the  vaginule,  distinctly  8-costate  when  dry  and  slightly 
contra(!ted  uiuler  the  orifice;  lid  conical,  apiculate;  teeth 
whitish,  in  ]»airs,  ver  nilose ;  cilia  shorter,  slender,  fugacious. 
—  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  bui)pl.  08,  t.  45. 

II AB.     On  treps;  Rocky  Mountains  (E.  Hall). 

14.  0.  SOrdidum,  HuUiv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  short,  loosely 
cespitose,  brownish  green:  leaves  close,  sj)reading,  the  u]»per 
open,  erect,  linguiate-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to  the 
apex,  r'3tle.\  d  or  revoiute  on  the  borders,  irregularly  quadrate- 
areolate  and  piipillose  in  the  uj)per  part;  basilar  cells  quad- 
rangular, longer  and  linear  near  the  costa:  calyptra  slightly 
villous:  capsule  inunersed,  obovate,  defluent  from  a  slightly  in- 
flated short  colluni  to  a  short  pedicel,  plicate-costate  when  dry, 
enlarged  at  the  orifice;  lid  convex,  short-beaked;  teeth  l)igemi- 
iiate,  broadly  i>erforate  from  the  middle  upward  along  the 
dividing  line ;  cilia  8,  smooth,  nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth,  of  a 
double  row  of  cells,  enlarged  at  base.  —  Aust.  Muse.  Ai)pal. 
n.  168 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Sup])l.  07,  t.  49. 

IIau.     On  trees,  generally  in  wooded  swamps;  Mass.acluisetts  (LisquC' 
reux,  Jiimes)',  New  York  {Autitin). 

15.  O.  Kingianum,  Lesq.  With  the  aspect  of  0.  Itpvi- 
(/atum,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  leaves  merely  reflexed  on 
the  borders,  not  revoiute,  with  the  basal  areolation  longer  and 
narrower,  the  calyptra  with  thin  scattei-ed  hairs,  the  ca])sule 
scarcely  emergent  on  a  shorter  ])edicel,  longer,  cylindrical  when 
empty,  the  ]ieristome  double,  the  imier  of  8  stout  cilia,  com- 
posed of  a  double  series  of  cells.  —  JVIem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  18  ; 
Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  74,  t.  55. 

IIab.     On  rocks,  near  the  Falls  of  the  Yosemite  (tiotanilcr). 

*  *  *  Plants  sinall,  one  cm.  long,  or  less. 

16.  O.  Ohioense,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  more  or  less 
widely  cespitose,  yellowish  green  above,  dirty  brown  within ; 


Orthotrichum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


171 


stems  .'ibout  one  cm.  loncj,  brancliiiig  by  innovations :  loaves 
elose,  s|>rea<linuj  when  moist,  oblong;  at  base,  laneeolate,  blunt 
at  tlie  apex,  revolute  on  tlie  bor<lei's,  smooth  on  both  faces; 
areolation  (Mstinet,  the  upjKT  cells  small,  round,  the  lower 
larger,  (juadrangular  near  the  border,  gradually  longer  toward 
the  costa  :  calyptra  more  or  less  hairy  :  capsule  oblong-ovate, 
very  shortly  pedicellate,  innnersed,  slightly  inHate<l  at  the 
collum,  defluent  into  the  vaginule,  jtale  yellow,  ))yriform-cam- 
j)anulate  and  distiiu-tly  S-striate  when  dry  and  empty;  teeth  H, 
bigeminate,  thickly  punctulate  ;  articulations  distant,  5  to  7  ; 
cilia  shorter  than  the  teeth,  of  a  double  row  of  cells.  —  IMusc. 
Am.-Bor.  Kxsicc,  cd.  2,  n.  181  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  ^NIusc.  Suj)pl.  06, 
t.  48.  O.  ('<(/i(((/('/i.<ie,  Sulliv.  &  Les(i.  ]Musc.  IJor.-Ani.  n.  121; 
Sulliv.  ]Mosses  of  l".  States,  84. 

Var.  citrinum.  Leaves  dark  green,  narrower :  capsule  thin, 
yellow.  —  O.  citroiurfi,  Aust.,  Muse.  Api)al.  n.  170. 

IIaij.     On  tiees;  Ohio  mil  Middle  States,  roinnioii. 

lleseiubles  the  two  fol'owiiig  species,  but  it  is  a  little  larger  ami  easily 
known  hy  the  sluiw-coloied  ciipsule  not  constricted  under  the  oritice,  the 
whitish  culyptra,  and  the  dirty  reddisli  teeth. 

O.  Canadknse,  Bruch  &  tjehinip.  (Lond.  Journ.  I3ot.  ii.  607),  based 
on  Dninun.  Muse.  Ainer,  n.  141)  and  101,  is  not  recognizal)le  among  the 
specimens  in  our  sets  of  Drunnnomrs  mosses,  and  remains  a  doubtful 
species.  It  is  cliaracterized  as  dilTering  from  O.  iiatens  in  its  smaller  cap- 
sules, longer  pedicels,  and  rusty  red-colored  teeth. 

17.  O.  fallax,  Schimp.  Plants  very  snudl :  leaves  oblong 
to  above  the  middle,  lanceolate  to  a  sharply  acute  point ;  cells 
of  the  uj»per  areolation  round,  intiated,  the  basilar  broadly 
rectangtdar,  sinuous;  ])erichaitial  leaves  shorter:  calyj)tra  nearly 
naked,  broadly  canii)anulate :  caj)side  immersed,  subgloljose 
with  a  short  neck,  abruptly  enlarged  from  the  base  aiul  truncate- 
oblong  when  dry,  marked  with  8  orange-cohu-ed  striie ;  teeth 
8,  bigeminate,  not  easily  sej)arating,  yellowish,  reflexed  when 
dry;  cilia  8,  short,  whitish  yellow,  of  simple  cells  or  of  a  double 
row  of  cells  near  the  base  oidy.  —  Syn.  '2()4.  0.  pw/iilian, 
Schwaegr.  Supjd.  i.  2.  22,  t.  50,  in  part  (figs.  6,  11);  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  211. 

Var.  truncatulum,  Aust.  Capsule  narrower,  oblong,  cy- 
lindrical when  dry;  cilia  as  long  as  the  teeth. —  Bull.  Torr. 
Clul),  vi.  .344. 

llAB.    The  variety  at  the  base  of  old  buildings,  Illinois  {Hall);  rare. 


•  1' 

|l 

li    i- 

.1  ■■ 

■:;\ 

tl 


''i 


l^^ 


p ''  "^f  f  p 


172 


BKYACE^. 


[Orthotrichum. 


18.  O.  brachytrichum,  Schimp.  Plants  sliort,  about  one 
cm.  long,  in  pale  green  tufts,  blackish  and  streaked  with  yellow 
when  old:  lyaves  oblong-lanceolate,  the  upper  longer,  linear- 
apiculate,  acutely  carinate,  subrevolute  or  reHexed  on  the  bor- 
ders: nuile flowers  terminal  on  separate  branches:  calyptra  pale 
straw-color,  bearing  a  few  short  hairs  at  the  apex:  cai)sule  thin, 
oblong,  subcylindrical  in  connection  with  a  somewhat  long 
collum,  light  brown  passing  to  yellow,  with  8  dark-colored  striaj, 
ribbed  when  dry ;  teeth  8,  small,  bigeminate,  entire,  with  large 
punctulate  areoles;  cilia  8,  smooth,  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Lesq. 
&  James,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiv.  140.  O.  obtusijblium,  Druinm. 
Muse.  Anier.  n.  1.57. 

IIab.     On  trees;  Upper  Canaila  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  (Drionmond). 

19.  O.  Strangulatum,  Beauv.  Plants  very  small,  in  small 
loose  dirty  green  tufts,  half  a  cm.  long :  leaves  half-s]ireading 
when  moist,  linear-lanceolate  from  an  oblong  base,  angularly 
pointed  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  revoluto  on  the  borders ;  up[)er 
areolation  round,  small,  close,  slightly  pa[)illose,  long  and  quad- 
rangular toward  the  base ;  perichajtial  leaves  longer,  erect, 
somewhat  sheathing:  calyptra  nearly  naked:  ca))sule  sliort- 
pedicelled,  half-emergent,  oblong-obovate,  distinctly  8-costate 
when  dry,  strongly  constricted  under  the  orifice,  dirty  brown 
when  old ;  lid  conical,  obtusely  ai)iculate ;  teeth  8,  bigeminate, 
dirty  }  ellow,  granulose,  reflexed  when  dry ;  cilia  strong,  as  long  as 
the  teeth,  formed  of  a  double  row  of  cells.  —  Prod.  81 ;  Schwaegr. 
Suj)j)l.  ii.  2.  38,  t.  54;  SuUiv.  Muse  Allegh.  n.  128,  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  33,  and  Icon.  Miisc  57,  t.  36. 

IIae.     On  trees,  rarely  on  rocks;  very  common. 

*  #  #  *   Capsule  exserted,  lo)f  (/-cylindrical  when  dry. 

20.  O.  tenellum,  Bruch.  Plants  very  small,  tufted  :  lower 
leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  the  upper  longer-lanceolate,  revolute 
on  the  borders,  r^cute  or  blunt;  areolation  large,  not  pajdllose: 
calyptra  long  and  narrow,  yellowish  green,  rarely  pilose :  capsule 
emergent,  oblong-cylindrical,  decurrent  to  a  long  collum  cover- 
ing the  whole  length  of  the  pedicel,  broadly  reddish-striate, 
broadly  costate  and  constricted  tmder  the  orifice  when  dry  and 
empty;  lid  short;  peristome  short,  the  teeth  bigeminate,  bifid 
at  the  apex,  pale ;  cilia  a  little  shorter,  of  a  double  series  of 
cells.  — Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  786;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  212. 


Orthotrichum.] 


BUYACE.E. 


173 


ITab.  On  trees,  at  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  {E.  Hall,  Wolf 
&  liothvock). 

21.  O.  COnsimile,  Mitt.  Plants  very  small,  in  loose  yel- 
lowish LjrcH'n  tul'ts:  leaves  ojk'ii,  reeurvetl  when  moist,  s(jft, 
obloni^  at  base,  jjjradually  narrowly  lanceolate,  with  borders 
revoluto  all  around,  obscurely  papillose  ;  cells  rectangular,  nearly 
diaphanous  toward  the  base,  round  and  small  in  the  ui>per  part : 
calyptra  with  few  hairs:  capsule  without  collum,  oval,  exserted 
u])on  a  pedicel  lon<ijer  than  the  caj)sule,  marked  with  8  yellow 
Rtrije,  narrow,  subilnear,  enlarured  at  the  orifice  or  urceolate  and 
S-pllcate  when  dry;  lid  red-mart;ined,  convex-apiculate ;  teeth 
IG,  joined  in  pairs  at  the  base,  with  7  or  8  articulations,  j)ale 
yellow,  minutely  papillose  .mi  both  faces;  cilia  8,  as  lon<^  as  the 
teeth,  enlarged  at  base,  smooth.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  24; 
Sulliv.  Icon.  3Iu8C.  Su])pl.  T)*.),  t.  48. 

II An.     Vancouver  Island  {LyaU). 

Allied  to  O.  })ulcheUuiit,  ditiVring  especially  in  the  shorter  and  broader 
capsule,  tlie  teeth  papillose,  not  venuicuhito,  the  cilia  only  8,  entirely 
smooth,  and  the  leaves  luiifornily  papillose.  JYoin  ().  ci/li)iiIroc(tr]mm  it 
is  distinguished  by  its  shorter  capsule  and  somewhat  longer  jiedicel,  and 
by  the  soft  longer  taper-pointed  leaves. 

22.  O.  cylindrocarpum,  Lesq.  Plants  short,  slender, 
loosely  ]»ulvinate,  dark  green  :  leaves  appressed  when  dry,  erect 
when  moist,  long-lanceolate  from  tl>e  cnlarge<l  base,  blunt- 
pointed;  borders  revolute  to  near  the  apex;  u]>per  areolation 
in  dense  ovate-quadrate  minutely  ])apilIose  cells,  basal  loose, 
oblong  and  (piadrate  :  caly]»tra  large,  more  or  less  hairy,  covering 
the  capsule  to  near  the  base:  ca])sule  long-pedicelled,  cylindrical 
or  narrowly  oval,  pale  green  or  yellowish,  8-striate,  narrowly 
8-costate  when  empty ;  lid  conical-aj)iculate ;  teeth  10,  close,  in 
pairs,  granulose ;  cilia  8,  stout,  of  a  double  series  of  cells, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  0,  and 
Proc'  Calif.  Acad.  i.  17 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  70,  t.  52. 

Ham.     Hocks  and  trees,  Oakland  and  Dardanelles  Canon  (liolamler). 

O.  Coitlteri,  Mitten  (Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  2-')),  differing  in  the  leaves 
a  little  more  distinctly  papillose,  the  calyptra  covered  witli  short  appressed 
hairs,  and  tlie  cilia  shorter  than  the  teeth,  is  evidently  a  mere  variety.  As 
shown  in  SuUivant's  figure,  the  hairs  of  the  calyptra  are  always  appressed, 
and  the  cilia  slightly  shorter  than  the  teeth,  though  sometimes  as  long. 
This  form  was  sent  from  California  by  Coulter. 

23.  O.  psilocarpum,  James.  Plants  minute,  cespitulose, 
blackish  green;  stems  about  5  m.m.  long:  lower  leaves  gradu- 


.1 


I'l 


f 


|i? 


if 

^ 

'■;li 

'•t 

;:,jjl 

,f  _ 

i||fl 

Mm 

1 

pp 


174 


BRYACE.E. 


[Orthotricfntm, 


II  I! 


ally  Ioniser  from  the  base  upward,  oMoiig-lanceolatc,  apic  late  at 
tlie  blunt  ajK'x,  the  Ijorders  revolute ;  arcolation  coinpai  tivdy 
loose,  the  upper  cells  round,  i^raiiulose  and  minutely  j)apiil(>se, 
the  lower  quadrate  near  the  borders,  (juadrani^ular-oblonLj  near 
the  costa:  caly|)tra  laru;e,  nake<l :  capsule  subiininersed,  broadly 
oval  or  globose,  cyUndrical-oblong  when  empty,  thin,  with  a  thin 
whitish  epiearp,  not  striate  nor  plicate;  li<l  i>lano-convex,  obtuse; 
teeth  10,  geminate,  granulose;  cilia  8,  short,  very  slender. — 
Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  h>oc.  xiii.  110;  Sulliv.  <fc  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.- 
Am.  Exsicc,  ed.  2,  n.  ISO  ;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  08,  t.  50. 
O.  pusillnm,  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  25? 

IlAn.  Pennsylvania,  on  poplars,  ami  Massaclmsetts  {James);  South 
Carolina  (Raveuel).     Early  sprinsj. 

A  very  fine  distinct  species.  O.  piislUtim,  Mitt,,  is  described  as  liaving 
the  capsule  8-plicate  when  dry.  This  does  not  agree  with  the  characters 
of  O.  psilocarjnnii,  hut  specinjens  connnunicated  by  the  author  do  not 
differ.  Specimens  of  O.  i>nilocarpum,  with  a  description,  were  distributed 
by  James  as  early  as  1858. 

24.  O.  exiguum,  Sulliv.  Plants  extremely  small,  in  loose 
dark  green  tufts;  stems  five  m.m.  long,  simple  or  fastigiate- 
Lranching:  leaves  linear-oblong,  obtusely  acimiinate,  open,  erect, 
sliglitly  recurved  on  the  borders,  punctiform-areolate  and  mi- 
nutely pa|)illose  in  the  upper  part;  basilar  cells  loose,  quadran- 
gular or  ((uadrate-oblong :  flowers  dia'cious;  male  plants  gennni- 
form,  terminal  in  smaller  jdants  than  the  fertile :  calyptra  naked, 
or  rarely  with  a  few  apjircssed  hairs:  capsule  subimmersed, 
oblong-oval,  broadly  and  obscurely  costate,  truncate  at  the 
broad  orifice;  lid  hemispherical-apiculate ;  peristonu^  double, 
the  outer  of  10  geminate  teeth,  the  inner  of  8  lanceolate  cilia, 
broader  than  the  teeth,  white,  ])unctulate,  comj)()sed  of  a  double 
scries  of  cells.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  33,  and  Icon.  Muse.  55, 
t.  35. 

Hab.     Base  of  trees,  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  ( Itavenel). 

^  nf  iif  ii^  n?  Outer  peristome  of  10  teeth.,  the  inner  of  %  or  10 
cilia  ;  capsule  not  ribbed.,  smooth  ichen  dry:  plants  large: 
fowers  momecious. 

25.  O.  leiocarpum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  of  me<lium 
size,  loosely  fasciculate,  cespitose :  leaves  o}»en,  reciu'ved  when 
moist,  ovate  at  base,  long-lanceolate  above,  the  borders  revo- 
lute,  and  surface  jiapillose :  calyptra  campanulate,  with  fev- 
hairs:  capsule  short-pedicellate,  immersed,  its  collum  detluent 


Orthotr.'chum,] 


BIIYACE.E. 


175 


to  the  sliort-nakod  va^iimk',  ovate,  soft,  pale  yellow,  smooth 
when  eini»ty  and  sHi;htly  contracted  un<ler  the  orifice;  teeth 
linear,  separatinjjf  alonjjj  the  dividing  line  or  bifid,  revolute  when 
dry;  cilia  1(5,  <leeply  erose,  ])unctulate,  yellow.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  li'20.  O.  striatuitt^  Iledw.  IMusc.  Frond,  ii.  1)1),  t.  30,  in  part 
(fi<,'.  9).      O.  Ro<jeri,  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  33. 

II AB.  On  trees  in  the  woods.  Upper  Canada  {t)rxmi\nond)\  Lake 
Superior  ( Jyasx/z).     Very  rare  in  America. 

20.  O.  pallens,  Bruch.  Plants  in  soft  j>ale  prreen  tufts : 
leaves  soft,  oblong  an«l  long-lanceolate,  blunt  or  acuminate,  the 
borders  revolute  in  the  mid<lle,  slightly  recurved  at  the  base 
and  apex  ;  areolation  papillose :  calyi)tra  conical-camj)anulate, 
j)ale,  naked:  capsule  oblong,  with  a  collum  as  long  as  the 
sporangium,  yellowish,  broadly  darker-striate ;  cilia  10,  some- 
times 8,  yellowish,  very  thin,  as  long  as  the  dark  yellow  teeth. 
—  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  788;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  218.  O.  Rogeri, 
Brid. ;  Schwaegr.  iSuppl.  i.  2.  10,  t.  53 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  212,  and 
Supjd.  t.  8. 

II AH.     Rock  River,  British  Columhia  {Lyall), 

Tliis  species  is  quoted  by  Mitten  (Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  23),  but  we 
have  seen  no  American  specimens. 

******   Capsule  ribbed:  j^htnts  small. 

27.  O.  pulchellum,  Brunton.  Plants  in  small  loose  irregu- 
lar tufts,  pale  green  :  leaves  oi)en,  flexuous  when  moist,  curved 
or  slightly  cris])ate  when  dry,  soft,  linear-lanceolate  from  a 
slightly  enlarged  ovate  base,  acuminate  ;  borders  reflexed  in  the 
lower  part,  plane  above  ;  areolation  very  minutely  i)unctiform 
and  papillose  in  the  upper  part,  loose,  pale  and  smooth  toward 
the  base  :  calyptra  campanulate,  naked,  pale  yellow,  brownish 
at  apex  :  cajtsule  small,  oblong,  short-necked,  thin,  yellowish, 
exserted  on  a  somewhat  long  j)edicel,  twisted  to  the  left  when 
dry,  cylindrical,  somewhat  costate  and  constricted  under  the 
brown  orifice  when  old  ;  teeth  long,  approximate  in  pairs,  rc- 
flext'd  when  dry,  dark  orange ;  cilia  10,  composed  of  a  single 
series  of  cells  here  and  there  appendiculate,  ferruginous.  —  Smith, 
Engl.  Bot.  t.  1787  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  223. 

Var.  longipes,  Sulliv.  Pedicel  a  little  hniger :  teeth  and 
cilia  generally  10. 

IIau.     Oregon  {Unll);  Coal  Harbor.  Al.iska  {Tlnrrinf/ton). 

O.  Columblcum,  Mitten  (Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii,  24),  is  according  to 
SuIIivant's  note  in  his  herbarium  a  variaty  with  shorter  perichtetlal 


!  'i 

'-      J 


;' 

1 

K 

1 

P 

1  '' 

;.,*.' 

11 

:!. 


s 

I 


'I 


•  (i  ij 


,  -ft. 


w^ 


176 


liUYACE.E. 


[Ofthotfichnm. 


loavps,  the  male  flowers  on  short  terminal  branches,  the  capsule  sub- 
I'XSin'ted  on  a  short  pedicel,  and  the  teeth  and  cilia  8. 

28.  O.  diaphanum,  Schrad.  Pliints  Hinall,  soft,  in  irrci»u- 
l.'ir  loose  ofti'ii  HcattorcMl  brii^ht  jjfveen  tufts  :  lejives  erect,  ohloiig- 
liinceohite,  narrowed  into  a  lanceolate  serrate  hyaline  point, 
iiorders  reflexed :  calyptra  thin,  naked  or  with  a  few  hairs : 
capsule  ininiers(!d,  thin,  oblon<^,  short-necked,  j)ale  yellow, 
obsoletely  striate  and  nearly  smooth  when  dry ;  teeth  efjui- 
distant,  linear-lanceolate,  pale  yellow,  reflexed  when  dry ;  cilia 
1(),  filiform,  of  a  simple  row  of  cells.  —  Spicil.  ¥\.  Germ.  09; 
liryol.  Eur.  t.  219. 

Hah.    San  Marcos,  Texas  iWrir/ht). 

29.  O.  canum,  Mitten.  Much  like  the  last,  differing  in 
the  shorter  fragile  hyaline  ])oint  of  the  leaves,  the  Ioniser  calyp- 
tra beset  with  short  hairs  and  coverinjx  nearly  the  whole  cajv 
8ule,  the  capsule  emergent,  the  teeth  bigeminate,  and  the  cilia 
composed  of  a  double  tow  of  cells.  The  author  remarks 
that  in  appearance  it  is  like  0. 2)vmilum.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
viii.  26. 

IIab.     British  America  (Drnmmon(l)\  San  ^larcos,  Texas  (Wright)  ? 

We  have  not  found  in  Drummond's  mosses  any  specimen  representing 
this  species.  A  note  in  Sullivant's  herbarium  states  '*  that  tlie  parcel 
with.  Wright's  specimens  has  two  forms,  one  referable  by  its  foliage  to 
O.  diaphanwuy  the  other  appears  to  be  O.  canum.  Mitten."  This  obser- 
vation Is  confirmed  by  dissection,  except  that  the  calyptra  of  this  sup- 
posed O.  camuH  is  without  hairs. 

*******  Leaves  obtuse. 

30.  O.  rivulare,  Turn.  Monoecious:  plants  long,  pros- 
trate, pendent,  often  floating,  naked  and  simi)le  below,  fascicu- 
lately  ramose  and  densely  foliate  in  the  upper  part,  blackish : 
low^er  leaves  distant,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  close,  lingulate, 
obtuse,  smootli  and  revolute  on  the  borders ;  upjier  areolation 
punctiform,  the  lower  narrowly  rectangular :  calyptra  cam- 
panulate,  entirely  naked,  blackish  :  caj)sule  short-])edioellate, 
ovate,  its  coUum  shorter  than  the  sj)orangium,  yellow,  with 
darker  strias,  slightly  contracted  below  the  apex  and  costate  its 
whole  length  when  dry  ;  cilia  8,  somewhat  longer,  and  8  shorter 
than  the  orange  teeth,  hyaline,  curving  upward.  —  Muse.  Ilib. 
96,  t.  8  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  219. 

IIab.  On  roots  of  trees  and  posts  in  water,  Anderson  Valley,  Cali- 
fornia, common  (Bolander)\  Oregon  (Ilall);  etc. 


Orthotrichum,] 


BUYACE.E. 


177 


I    1 1 


5il.  O.  ObtUSifolium,  Sclirad.  Di(rclous:  |»lants  small, 
irri'jjularly  i>ulviiiat<',  pale  prct'ii  or  yi'llowish  ahovo,  brown  he- 
low  :  U'avi's  lialf-s|u-ea(lin|nr  from  the  miodlc  wlicn  moist,  imhri- 
cate  when  «lrv,  oval,  obloni^-ohtusc  and  wliu^htly  serrulate  at  tho 


hyal 


ine  a|)ex,  concave,  iiapilloHc  on  the  hack;  iterichu'tial  leaves 


Bnialler,  sheathini^  :  caly|>tra  coveriniij  tlie  capsule  to  the  nii<Mh', 
not  hairy,  hut  rou<;h  and  darker-colored  at  the  apex:  capsule  on 
a  very  short  ))edicel,  immersed,  oval,  with  a  lonjjj  detluent  collum, 
yellowish,  with  8  darker  striie,  furrowed  its  whole  length  when 
dry;  lid  conical,  acuminate;  teeth  8,  bii^eniinate,  reHi'xed  when 
dry,  vermiculose,  papillose  on  the  outside,  j>ale  orani^e  color; 
cilia  8,  yellow,  nearly  as  broad  as  the  teeth,  of  two  series  of  cells. 
—  Swartz,  Muse.  Suec.  90,  t.  4 ;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  208.  O.  Jiof/eri  (':"), 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  15or.-Am.  Exsicc.  ed.  2,  n.  174. 

II AH.  IJritish  America  (Dniininonil);  on  poplar  tri-es  near  Klba,  In 
the  Acliroiulaoks  (Ltsqnvreux) ;  Peiuisylvauia  (./«»h'.s) ;  Ontario  ( Miuonn ). 

32.  O.  Jamesianum,  Sulliv.  Mon<ecious:  plants  small, 
loosely  pulvinate,  pale  green  when  moist :  leaves  oblonsjj  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse,  revolute  on  the  borders,  strongly 
papillose :  calyptra  with  some  hairs :  capsule  immersed,  pyri- 
form,  short-pedicellate  and  short-necked,  8-costate  when  <lry 
and  constricted  under  the  broad  orifice  ;  peristome  simple,  of 
IG  distinct  teeth,  vermiculate  transversely  below  the  middle 
and  lengthwise  above.  —  James,  But.  King  Exp.  401;  iSuUiv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Supi)l.  71,  t.  53. 

IIau.  On  limestone  rocks,  East  Humboldt  Mountains,  Nevada  (  Wat- 
son); Fort  St.  James,  British  Columbia  (Maeoun). 

A  very  distinct  species,  easily  distinguished  from  the  preceding  by  the 
long  papillie  on  the  surface  of  the  leaves,  the  pyriform  capsule,  the  in- 
florescence, simple  peristome,  etc. 

«:###:)(=##«;  Peristome  double^  the  inner  of  \(j  free  cilia. 

33.  O.  Lyellii,  Hook.  &  Tayl.  Dioecious:  plants  of  wide 
growth,  loosely  cespitose  or  pulvinate,  green  :  leaves  long, 
linear-lanceolate  from  the  oblong  base,  sharply  acuminate, 
flexuous,  s(p>arrosc  when  moist,  somewhat  twisted  when  dry, 
plane  on  the  borders,  papillose  and  beset  on  the  surface  with 
clavate  brown  densely  articulate  filaments  :  male  })lants  smaller: 
calyptra  ])ilose,  large,  covering  the  whole  ca]isule :  caj)sule 
emergent,  ovate,  its  collum  as  long  as  the  8})orangium,  striate, 
yellowish  brow^n,  much  elongated  and  deeply  sulcate  when  dry 


.{■ 


Hi 


:-; 


■  1  (. 


1^ 


m 


i 

% 

8 
1 

it 

■iff 

•^u 

hIiI 

m 

m 

w 


178 


nRYACE.E. 


[Oi'lhotrlchniii. 


a 


h 


If 


and  ♦'iMpty;  tcrtli  rcciirvod  wlu'ii  <lry  ;  cilia  broad,  irddisli,  as 
loiifT  as  till!  tt'i'tli,  Nlit^litly  croMi!  <mi  tho  |>i'lhi('id  honU'i-s. — 
MuHf.  IJiit.  70,  t.  2'J;  IJiyol.  Kur.  t.  "J'Jl ;  Wilson,  En-;.  IJot. 
t.  lis:{4. 

Van  papillosum.  LcavoH  more  highly  j)a|)illosc'.  —  O. 
p(t/>illottmn,  llanijit',  Linniua,  xxx.  4r)8. 

IIah.  On  trut'f*  in  California,  ami  on  the  western  slopo  of  North 
AnxTica,  conunon.  Tlio  varltMy  Is  scartu'ly  wortiiy  of  notice,  as  the 
papilliu  vary  In  pronilnenou,  evun  un  the  saaio  specimens. 

67.  MAOROMITRIUM,  Urld.  (PI.  2.) 
Calyptra  fainpanulatc-plicato,  more  or  less  deeply  laciniate  at 
base.  Peristome  none,  or  simple,  or  double;  the  outer  of  10 
teeth,  lanceolate,  free  or  geminate,  gramdose,  whitish  or  red- 
dish brown ;  the  inner  formed  of  a  more  or  less  enlarged  mem- 
brane, truncate  or  split  into  teeth  similar  to  the  outer  ones: 
amndus  none  or  simple,  rarely  present. 

1.  M.  Sullivantii,  Muell.  Plants  acrocarpous,  becoming 
j)leurocarpous  by  innovations,  entangled  and  loosely  ces|»itose,  in 
wide  decund)ent  creeping  or  pendent  tufts,  reddish  brown  and 
rigid:  leaves  erowde<l,  open,  erect  wben  moist,  closely  imhricate 
when  dry,  lanceolate  from  the  narrowed  decurrent  base,  gradu- 
ally acuminate,  deeply  excavate  in  the  mi<1dle  of  the  base, 
carinate,  costate  to  near  the  apex,  slightly  recurved  on  the 
borders;  areolation  nearly  round,  dense,  slightly  papillose: 
flowers  moniecious,  the  male  in  axillary  or  terminal  buds ;  outer 
perigonial  leaves  ovate,  the  inner  obovate,  apiculate,  hyaline, 
erose-dentate  from  the  middle  i.])wards :  calyptra  hairy,  covering 
the  whole  capsule :  cai)sule  oval-cylindrical,  plicate  at  the  base 
ftTid  inuler  the  orifice  when  dry,  emergent  on  a  slender  pedicel, 
about  one  cm.  long ;  lid  conical,  subulate ;  ])eri8tomc  almost 
none,  the  outer  imperfect,  the  inner  a  short  truncate  membrane. 
—  Bot.  Zeit.  XX.  3G1.  31.  Dregei^  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
31,  and  Icon.  Muse.  59,  t.  37 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am. 
Exsicc.  n.  128. 

IIab.  On  the  bark  of  old  pine  trees,  top  of  Jonah  or  Bear  Mountain, 
Georgia  {Lesquereux). 

2.  M.  FitZgeraldi.  In  its  dark  brown  color,  its  short 
yellowish  branches  sparingly  fruiting,  and  also  in  the  very  hairy 


Hrhlnlln  iniid. 


HUYA(  K.K, 


17!> 


oiilyplrji  Mild  the  iihsoiKU'  of  ii  pcristcMno,  tliis  wpccu's  clomly 
icsciiiltlcs  tin'  last.  It  tlii't'ci's  in  tlir  lai-^cr  ilistiiictly  rililx**! 
fapsiil*',  till'  U'iivrs  lt»ii.i;i'r  aixl  imt  as  t|((|tly  coiicavf  in  tlio 
iiii«li|l(>  lu'ar  tlu>  l>asc,  tlic  shorter  conual  I'iiiiit  !i<l,  aii<l  tlu* 
slmiii'i'  pt'dici'l  covt'it'd  to  its  iiiitMK'  Ity  tlu'  cvsiTti'd  va^iiiuU' 
haviiij;  its  oriliec  t'liiii^rd  l»y  loui^  )tara|»liysi's  as  in  J/.  /i/io/hhU. 
<ti(h'.%  Sc'liwat'j^r.  Tlif  plant  also  appears  t<»  Ik-  did'i'ioiis,  as  no 
male  tlowet's  could  1k>  found  npon  the  speeiniens. 

ll.vii.     On  tiws,  Florida  (C  II.  Fitzi/vnthl). 

•{.  M.  rhabdocarpum,  Mitt.  Mond'cious:  ntcnj  creepincj, 
inonlinately  liranehinLT,  lo(»sely  rt'spit<(se :  leaves  erisjiate  when 
dry,  spreadini;-open  and  sliyiitly  Hexiiose  when  nittjst,  lini-ai"- 
laneeolate,  acute  «>t'  ol)tnse  and  siihapiculate,  tiat  on  the  niinutely 
crcnulati'  l>oi<lers,  carinate  l»y  the  percurreiit  yellowish  costa; 
hiusil.ir  cells  ohloni;,  the  up|»i'r  round,  papillose;  pericha-tial 
leaves  erect,  lanceolate,  narrower  and  more  acute  nt  the  apex  : 
calyptra  slij^htly  hairy,  straw-color,  covering;  the  capsule  to  the 
base:  capsule  oval,  ijradually  narrowed  to  the  petiole  and  to  the 
orifice,  distinctly  plicate;  lid  subulate;  peristome  Himjde,  the 
teeth  short,  pale  and  fraixile.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  IIH); 
Austin,  C'oidt.  Hot.  Gaz.  ii.  110. 

II AM.     81.  Au;;ustino,  Floriilii  (./.  IhntnvU  Sn,Uh). 

4.  M.mucronifoliUiil,  Hook,  it  (Jrev.  Moixecious:  stems 
creej>in<x,  with  short  crowded  branches:  leaves  opeii-spreadiiii;, 
linear-lanceolate,  rounded  in  narrowiii;jf  to  a  recurved  acumen, 
carinate  l)y  the  thick  costa,  entire,  convex,  ruLjulose  lengthwise; 
upper  cells  minute,  round,  obscure,  the  lower  a  little  eloiiLjated 
on  the  bonlers:  caly])tra  narrowly  conical,  coverini^  tlu;  capsule 
to  the  base:  capsule  shortly  pedicelled,  urceolate,  the  orifico 
naked.  —  IJrewst.  Edin.  Journ.  i.  IIG,  t.  4;  Mitt,  Journ.  Linn. 
Soc.  xii.  202. 

Hau.    Trunks  of  pahns,  St.  Johns  River,  Florida  (C  //.  Fitzgerald). 


Ml  I 


!ii 


,J  -1^ 


58.  SOHLOTHEIMIA,  Drid.  (PI.  2.) 
Differs  from  3[acromitrium  in  the  campanulate  calyptra,  not 
])licate,  and  constricted  at  base  by  the  involute  secfments,  and 
in  the  teeth  of  the  outer  jieristome  IG,  sj»irally  re  volute,  marked 
by  a  longitudinal  black  line,  generally  very  rugose,  fleshy, 
the  inner  more  or  less  perfect,  often  rudimentary,  from  a  j)alo 


\\^ 


> 


A 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


y 


%// 


%   -*^ 


1.0 


1.1 


£  IM 


Ijl 

t  us 


L25  IH  1.4 


H^l 


1.6 


—    6" 


w 


-^ 


y 


r 


Hiotograjjiic 

Sdeoces 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STIf  ET 

WnSTEi,N.Y.  14SM 

(716)  •72-4503 


# 


\ 


^ 


,<f 


X 


^ 


rt'^i'^vf-  "^7  rfT^^T'^wip"''* 


t 

i 

•  't  ■ 

,  1 . 

) 

-l'    ' 

■■'! 

i     • 

|;^- 

j 

^1 

j 

j 

i 

180 


BRYACEiE. 


[Schlotheimia. 


col<jivd    membrane.      Capsule    exannulate.      Lid    cupulifonu, 
subulate,  thiu. 

1.  S.  SuUivantii,  Muell.  Plants  in  dense  widely  expanded 
de|)ressed  yellowish  green  tufts ;  primary  stems  creeping, 
densely  ramose :  branclies  very  short,  erect,  fasciculate-ramose, 
closely  joined  together  by  a  thick  felt  of  brown  radicles :  leaves 
very  close,  recurved-spreading,  Ungulate,  short-mucronatc-  by 
the  excurren*  thick  costa,  ventricose  and  a  little  plicate  at  base ; 
surface  undulate-wrinkled  toward  the  apex ;  cells  round-hexago- 
nal, minute,  in  transverse  rows,  the  basilar  loose,  oblong :  flowers 
mona'cious,  the  male  lateral,  in  open  short  jiedicellate  buds: 
cal;,  ptra  covering  the  whole  capsule,  scabrous  at  the  apex,  5-G- 
lobate  at  base,  the  lobes  incurved  and  connivent :  cajjsule 
cylindrical-oblong,  gradually  narrowed  i;[)  to  the  orifice,  emergent 
on  a  pedicel  about  a  half  cm.  long ;  teeth  16,  linear,  with  hyaline 
articulations ;  cilia  10,  orange  color,  punctulate,  striolate ;  basilar 
membrane  none  or  scarcely  visible.  —  Syn.  i.  750 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  35,  t.  2,  and  Icon.  3Iusc.  01,  t.  38.  S.  rutjifoUa, 
Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  (Col.  II.),  n.  85. 

II AB.    13ark  of  trees  in  the  Southern  States;  not  rare. 

59.  ENOALYPTA,  Schreb.  (PI.  2.) 
Plants  loosely  cespitose.  Leaves  large,  Ungulate  or  spatulate ; 
cells  of  the  areolation  thick,  chlorophyllose,  covered  in  the  upj)er 
part  of  the  leaves  with  large  divided  papilla?,  loose,  rectangular, 
sometimes  reddish  brown  in  the  lower  part.  Flowers  mono?- 
cious  or  dicecious,  terminal,  Vaginule  cylindrical,  capped  by 
a  conical  membrane.  Calyptra  very  large,  cylindrical,  cam- 
panulate.  Capsule  emergent  on  a  solid  pedicel,  erect,  regular, 
ribbed  or  twisted  wlien  dry.  Peristome  none,  or  simple,  or 
double,  very  variable.  Spores  generally  large,  verruculose. — 
Zeersia,  Iledw.;  Lindb.  Syst. 

*  Peristome  none. 

1  E.  COmmutata,  Nees  &  Hornsch.  Stems  about  one 
cm.  long:  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  the  upper  longer- 
cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  slightly  transversely  plicate  in 
the  middle;   basilar  cells  narrowly  oblong,   yellowish:    male 


Encalypta.] 


bryace.t:. 


181 


flowers  terminal,  on  short  lateral  liranches:  calyptra  lonij, 
doscending  far  below  the  base  of  the  capsule,  re<ldi!-h  brown  or 
chestnut  color  when  old,  irregularly  laciniate  at  the  base:  caj)- 
sule  cylindrical-ovate,  erect  or  slightly  arched,  its  oriHce  half- 
covered  by  a  thin  horizontal  membrane;  annulus  simple,  narrow. 
—  Hryol.  Germ.  ii.  4G,  t.  15;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  198.  £J.  lacem^ 
DeXot. ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  514. 

Had.  Fissures  of  rocks  in  alpine  localities;  Rocky  Mountains  (7)r»m- 
inond)\  Colorado  (Downic,  E.  Hall);  Nevada  (  Watson);  Uritish  America 
and  Alaska  (Macouii,  llothrock),  etc. 

*  *  Peristome  of  IG  more  or  less  perfect  teeth  or  none  in  the 

same  species. 

2.  E.  vulgaris,  Tledw.  Leaves  Ungulate,  apiculate,  twisting 
when  dry ;  costa  reddish,  percurrent  or  vanishing  below  the 
apex;  areolation  rectangular  at  base,  very  thin  toward  the 
middle,  narrower  and  yellowish  on  the  borders:  calyj)tra  cover- 
ing tlie  whole  capsule,  yellowish  green,  thin :  cajtsule  thin, 
cylindrical-ovate,  exactly  cylindrical  M'hen  dry,  obscurely  or 
minutely  wrinkled  lengthwise,  pale  yellow,  the  borders  of  the 
orifice  orange;  peristome  generally  none,  composed  when  pres- 
ent of  16  lineate  pale  fugacious  often  truncate  teeth.  —  Spec. 
Muse.  60 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  199. 

Var.  obtiisa,  Schimp.    Leaves  obtuse.  —  Syn.  286. 

Var.  pilifera,  Schimp.  Stems  shorter:  leaves  narrower; 
costa  redilish,  excurrent  into  a  pale  yellow  hair. 

Var.  elongata,  Schimp.  Plants  robust  and  much  longer, 
in  dense  tufts :  le:ives  broader. 

Hab.  Fissures  of  walls  and  rocks;  alpine  regions  of  New  England, 
Rocky  Mountains,  California,  Oregon,  and  Alaska  ;  rare  in  America. 

3.  E.  rhabdocarpa,  Schwaegr.  With  the  habit  of  the 
last :  leaves  oblong,  lanceolate  above,  nearly  plane  or  slightly 
concave ;  costa  reddish-yellow,  vanishing  at  the  a|>ex  or  passing 
up  into  a  more  or  less  elongated  yellowish  h.iir-point:  cftlyptra 
descending  below  the  base  of  the  capsule :  cajisule  shorter, 
narrowly  ovate  or  cylindrical-oblong,  reddish,  with  longitudinal 
brown  striae,  deeply  and  regularly  furrowed  when  dry ;  teeth 
lanceolate,  distantly  articulate,  entire  or  here  and  there  irregu- 
larly perforated,  blood-red,  rarely  pale  or  absent ;  annulus  sim- 
ple, narrow.  —  Suppl.  i.  56,  t.  16  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  203. 

Hab.  Alpine  and  subalpinc  regions,  in  fissures  of  rocks;  Colorado 
{Downie) ;  Nevada  ( Watson) ;  British  America  and  Alaska. 


i  1 


I' I' 


■k 


f  ■  m- 


I 


i'. 

■  1 

11; 

<'■ 

liWI^ 


182 


BRYACEiE. 


[Encalyptn. 


4.  E.  Ciliata,  Ifcdw.  In  loose  briuflit  or  pale  greon  tufts: 
leaves  soft,  cotnidicate-incurved  when  dry,  undulate  on  the 
Itorders;  costa  j»ale  yellow,  vanishing  below  the  apiculate  apex 
or  passing  into  it ;  basilar  areolation  loose,  reddish  above : 
(•aly|>tra  straw-color,  descending  fai'  below  the  base  of  the 
capsule,  bordered  at  base  by  lanceolate  solid  whitish  or  orange 
lacinije:  capsule  cylindrical,  smooth,  slightly  constricted  under 
the  orifice  when  dry ;  ])eristoine  rarely  absent,  attached  below 
the  orifice,  formed  of  10  narrowly  lanceolate  teeth,  sometimes 
divided  into  two  irregular  segments,  spreading  when  dry;  annu- 
lus  none.  —  Sj)ec.  Muse.  01 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  200. 

II  Au.  Sliaded  rocks  and  soil,  In  mountain  regions  of  New  England,  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  the  Pacific  slope;  not  rare. 

#  *  *  l*eristome  simjAe,  regular. 

5.  E.  Macounii,  Aust.  Differs  from  M  apopht/sata,  Nees 
&  Ilornsch.,  in  the  leaves  muticous  at  the  apex,  the  costa  van- 
ishing below  it,  the  calyptra  fimbriate  at  base,  the  capside  (not 
mature)  more  distinctly  apophysate,  and  the  teeth  shorter  and 
much  narrower.  —  Couit.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  97. 

Had.     Stewart's  Lake  Mountains,  Canada  {Macoiin). 

To  tills  diagnosis,  wliich,  considering  the  immature  state  of  the  capsule, 
shows  an  essential  difference  from  the  European  E.  apophysata,  the 
author  adds:  "calyptra  about  as  large  as  in  the  largest  specimens  of  E, 
cillatd,  light  fuscous  yellow  (the  fringe  brown,  uniform,  narrow,  and  del- 
icate), densely  papillose  over  tlie  whole  surface ;  pedicel  reddish,  minutely 
papillose,  rather  densely  so  above  the  middle,  more  remotely  so  below  it, 
slightly  twisted  to  the  right  in  drying;  apophysis  at  the  base  of  the  capsule 
very  large;  peristome  single,  the  teeth  of  medium  length,  very  narrow  and 
filiform,  red,  more  or  less  split  into  two  equal  segments,  nodulose  and 
granulose;  leaves  much  crisped  when  dry,  straight  and  erect  when  moist, 
narrowly  Ungulate,  carinate,  broadly  revoluteon  the  margin,  very  opaque, 
the  costa  ceasing  below  the  apex  and  densely  papillose  on  the  back;  peri- 
chivtial  leaves  much  smaller  and  thinner,  the  innermost  scarcely  exceeding 
the  vagiuule,  with  a  broad  subvaginal  base  and  a  Ungulate  very  obtuse 
apex." 

#  #  ♦  *   Capsule  striate,  twisted  to  the  left ;  peristome  double. 

0.  E.  procera,  Bruch.  Plants  densely  tufted,  long  and 
robust :  leaves  Ungulate,  muticous  or  apiculate,  the  strong  costa 
ceasing  below  the  apex  or  rarely  passing  above  it ;  basilar  areo- 
lation reddish,  hyaline,  separated  from  the  upper  by  a  red  zone : 
calyptra  descending  below  the  capsule,  fimbriate  only  when 
young,  straw-color:    capsule   ovate,   cylindrical,    pale  yellow, 


Enralyptn.] 


BIIYACE^. 


183 


8-striato,  twisted  to  tho  loft  and  narrower  w]i«>n  <lry,  its  loni? 
purjtie  pedu'ol  i^enerally  twisted  to  the  right  or  to  the  left  jnvt 
under  the  (ajtsiile;  teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  1(5,  lt»iii;,  linear, 
marked  l»y  a  dividinjjf  line,  distantly  artieulate,  |)iir])le;  inner 
peristome  of  10  eilia,  opi)osite  and  similar  to  the  teeth,  yellowish, 
very  papillose,  attached  to  a  broad  yellow  mend)rane  protrudinuj 
into  10  short  reddish  eilia  between  the  teeth,  sometimes  bifid  at 
base  and  eonnivent  into  a  cone  when  dry ;  anmdus  double.  — 
Brucli  iic  8chimp.,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  205.  £.  longipes^  Mitt.  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  '29,  t.  5. 

II An.     Shady  ravines,  IJritish  America  (Drwmvoml,  Macnini). 

Upon  examination  of  the  specimtMis  of  E.  lonyipcf*,  Mitt.,  in  all  of 
Drummond's  sets,  the  characters  have  been  found  i(h;ntical  witii  those  of 
K.  proccra  :  the  plants  monoecious;  calyptra  papillose,  its  borders  emar- 
ginate,  cose  or  fimbriate  at  base;  perich.etial  leaves  piliferous;  capsule 
spirally  striate,  etc.  The  differences  that  appear  in  the  cluiracters  iiuli- 
cated  by  Mitten  result  from  the  unripeness  of  the  specimen  he  had  for 
examination. 

7.  E.  Selwyni,  Aust.  Differs  from  tlie  preceding  species 
especially  in  its  smaller  size,  the  leaves  more  or  less  rcvolute, 
the  upj)er  ones  broadly  Ungulate  with  a  long  hyaline  hair-point 
formed  by  the  excurrent  costa,  which  is  densely  papillose  and 
reddish  downward,  and  in  the  minutely  and  remotely  papillose 
calyptra  descending  much  below  the  base  of  the  capsule,  deej)ly 
laciniate  and  brown  at  the  j)ersisting  base:  capsule  solid, 
strongly  sulcate  and  distinctly  twisted  to  the  right,  cylindrical ; 
peristome  glabrous,  long,  the  outer  teeth  dark  red,  filiform, 
distantly  nodulose,  the  inner  yellow,  with  the  cilia  nearly  as 
long  as  the  teeth  and  arising  from  a  broad  membrane.  —  Coult. 
Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  109. 

Had.    Vancouver  ^sland  (Macorin). 

Intermediate  between  E.  procera  and  E.  streptocarpa. 

8.  E.  streptocarpa,  Hedw-  Dioecious :  plants  robust  and 
of  large  size :  leaves  oblong-lingulate,  muticous ;  costa  reddish, 
ascending  to  the  apex;  perichaetial  leaves  oblong  at  base, 
abruptly  narrowed  into  a  long  lanceolate  point :  calyptra  very 
long,  prolonged  muc!i  below  the  base  ol  the  capsule,  dirty 
brown :  capsule  long  and  long-pedicellate,  cylindrical,  twisted 
to  the  left,  orange-striate,  spirally  furrowed  when  dry;  teeth 
filiform,  separated  to  the  base,  minutely  papillose,  purple,  erect ; 
cilia  numerous,  irregular,  more  or  less  connate,  half  as  long  as 


■n 

■^ 

\ 

1 

(1 

..'     : 

!     f 


\ 


ft! 


h 
ih 


I   I 


\v^ 


184 


BKYACE^. 


[Calymjieres. 


I- 


the  tectli,  adlicring  to  tlie  middle  to  a  broad  punctulate  mem- 
brane.—Spec.  Muse.  02,  t.  10;  Bryol,  Eur.  t.  204. 

II AIT.  British  .Vmerica  ( Drummonil) ;  Alleghany  Mountains  ( SnlUcant); 
Lancaster  (."o.,  I'ennsylvania  (I'orler);  New  Jersey  {Uau);  California 
(Laphain).    Not  yet  found  fruiting  in  America. 

60.  OALYMPERES,  Swartz. 
Plants   small,   sj)aringly   branched.     Leaves   soft.     Calyptra 
twisted,  persisjtent,  plicate,  constricted  at  base  and  enclosing  the 
cai)sule.     Capsule  erect  and  exserted.     Peristome  none. 

1.  0.  Richardi,  Mnell.  Dia?cious:  plants  loosely  cespitose; 
stems  short  and  slender,  nearly  simple :  leaves  spreading  when 
moist,  oblong,  obtuse,  very  entire,  with  a  strong  costa  vanishing 
at  the  apex  but  often  enlarged,  thick  and  covered  with  articulate 
filaments  at  its  point :  calyptra  yellow,  slightly  scabrous  at  the 
apex  :  capsule  short-pedicellate,  oval ;  lid  short,  sti'aight,  conical, 
subulate.  —  Syn.  i.  524. 

Var.  Donnellii.  Leaves  longer  and  narrower,  flexuous  an<l 
erect  or  open,  spreading  when  dry. —  C.  JJo)meiHi,  Aust.,  Coult. 
Bot.  Gaz.  iv.  151.  C.  Richardi,  Aust.  Muse.  Appal.  Supj)l. 
n.  489. 

Had.  On  trunks.  Florida  {Gnrher,  Austin,  J.  Donnell  Smith);  the 
variety  from  the  same  locality  {J.  Donnell  Smith). 

2.  0.  disciforme,  Muell.  Plants  subcespitose,  rigid, 
nearly  8imi)le,  dirty  green :  leaves  rigid,  open,  spreading  when 
moist,  the  lower  large,  oblong,  more  or  less  convolute,  mucronate 
by  the  excurrent  costa,  the  upper  broadly  ovate,  acute  with  a 
thick  percurrent  costa,  bearing  in  the  middle  a  dense  cluster  of 
articulate  and  fasciculate  filaments;  ui»j)er  areolation  minute 
and  minutely  papillose,  the  basilar  large,  quadrate,  hytiline  at 
the  margin :  calyptra  very  scabrous  upon  the  folds  and  at  the 
apex :  capsule  short-pedicellate,  oval ;  lid  conical,  oblique.  — 
Linnasa,  xxi.  183,  and  Syn.  i.  525. 

Had.     Caloosa,  Florida  {Austin). 

3.  0.  (?)  crispum,  Aust.  Plants  short,  in  compact  tufts, 
brown  inside,  yellowish  green  at  the  surface :  leaves  strongly 
crispate  when  dry,  strict  and  suberect  when  moist,  thin  at  the 
narrowed  base,  narrowly  panduriform,  Ungulate,  flat,  papillose, 
retuse  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  hyaline-margined  and  loosely 
quadrate-areolate  in  the  lower  part,  very  densely  granulose- 


Si/rrhopodon.] 


BRYACE/E. 


185 


arc'olate  and  papillosc-crenuhitc  in  the  upper,  carinate  by  the 
yellowish  percurrent  costa.  —  Coult.  I5ot.  ^Jaz.  iv.  151.     /St/r- 
rhopodon  (?)  crispus^  Aust.  1.  c.  ii.  109. 
11  Au.    Jacksonville,  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Sinith). 

61.  SYRRHOPODON,  Schwaegr.    (PI.  2.) 
Distinguished  from  Cafymjjeres  by  the  eucnllato  dimidiate 
calyptra,  the  peristome  undeveloj)ed  or  composed  of  IG  lanceo- 
late entire  generally  horizontal  teeth,  and  the  orifice  of  the  cap- 
sule sometimes  covered  by  a  thin  membrane  {epiphraym). 

1.  S.  Ploridanus,  Sulliv.  Plants  robust,  in  somewhat 
loose  tufts,  glaucous-green  above,  dirty  yellowish  below ;  stems 
simple  or  fastigiat* '-ramose,  more  or  less  radiculose  and  tomen- 
tose  the  whole  length  :  leaves  close,  erect,  ovate-oblong  at  the 
clasping  base,  linear-lanceolate  above,  apiculate,  concave- 
canaliculate,  minutely  areolate,  opaque,  obtusely  serrulate  from 
the  middle,  bilamellate  upward,  the  lamelhe  coarsely  and  irregu- 
larly serrate ;  costa  thick,  semiterete,  papillose,  vanishing  at  or 
below  the  apex :  flowers  di(ccious,  becoming  lateral  by  innova- 
tions :  calyptra  descending  to  the  base  of  the  capsule :  caj)sule 
subelliptical  or  merely  cylindrical,  erect,  of  a  thick  texture ; 
pedicel  about  1  cm.  long ;  lid  with  a  very  long  aciculate  beak  ; 
peristome  simple,  of  10  short  teeth  attache<l  far  below  the 
orifice,  connivent  to  near  the  middle,  distantly  articulate,  pale 
yellow  without  divisural  line.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  31,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  49,  t.  31  ;  Ltulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc. 
n.  113.  S.  albovciffinatuSf  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse. 
Amcr.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  37  ;  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  171 ;  not 
Schwaegr. 

Hau.    On  decayed  logs  and  stumps;  Louisiana,  Florida,  etc. ;  not  rare. 

2.  S.  Texanus,  Sulliv.  Resembles  the  last  in  size  and 
aspect :  stem-leaves  twisted  when  dry,  erect  when  moist,  long 
linear-lingulate  from  the  broader  clasping  base,  bhnit  at  the 
apex,  caiuiliculate-concave ;  borders  pellucid,  irregularly  ciliate- 
dentate  by  linear  cells ;  basilar  areolation  large,  quadrate, 
pellucid,  the  upper  very  small,  subquadrate,  opaque,  papillose ; 
costa  very  stout,  percurrent,  spinidose  on  the  back :  flowers 
dioecious  (male  plant  unknown)  :  calyptra  covering  nearly  the 
whole  capsule,  rugulose   from   the  middle  upward:    capsule 


!,i 


M. 


'i 


w 


w 


186 


BRYACE^. 


\Syrrhopodon. 


W4 

m 

,  .  ■ 

I 


^^r:"' 


ovate,  cyliiulrical,  Hlen<lor,  contracted  at  the  orifice ;  pedicel 
comparatively  long  (about  two  cm.)  ;  lid  long  and  Hubulate- 
rostratu;  teeth  short,  robust,  lanceolate,  obtuse,  with  two  or 
three  prominent  articulations. — Mosses  of  U.  States,  lOU,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  3l»,  t.  tiO. 

IIau.  San  Marcos,  Texas  ( ]]yight,  who  first  collected  the  moss, 
though  sterile);  Southern  States,  from  North  Carolina  to  Florida,  not 
rare. 

The  leaves  often  hear  at  the  apex  a  cluster  of  oblong  articulate  bodies, 
like  those  of  Aulucoinnium  puluatre. 

TiiiHE  VI.    TETIJAPIIIDE.E. 

Plants  loosely  tufted.  Stems  slender,  erect  or  very  short. 
Lower  leaves  very  small,  distant,  squamiform,  the  upper  longer, 
close  and  tufting  at  the  apex  of  the  stems.  Flowers  monce- 
cious,  terminal,  the  male  gemmiform.  Calyptra  conical, 
mitrate.  Capsule  cylindrical  or  oval.  Peristome  formed  of  the 
operculum  filled  with  cellular  matter  and  cleft  into  fc  ^irts. 
Annulus  none.     Spores  very  small. 

The  Tetraphidcae,  DisceliecB  and  Schistosteyeoe  constitute  three  pecu- 
liar groups  with  no  marked  analogy  to  any  other  tribe  of  mosses.  The 
first  are  related  by  the  calyptra  to  the  Orthntrichece,  and  by  the  form  and 
areolation  of  the  leaves  to  the  Bnjew.  The  growth  of  the  Disceliece  is 
that  of  Ephemenim ;  their  peristome  like  that  of  Trematodon.  Ilampe 
considers  Discelium  midnm  as  an  annual  liartramia.  The  Schistostegece 
have  the  soft  texture  of  the  Splachnece,  and  for  that  reason  are  considered 
by  Schimper  as  most  nearly  related  to  that  tribe. 

62.  TETRAPHIS,  Iledw.    (PI.  2.) 

Stems  long,  branching  by  innovations  from  under  the  apex. 

Leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  costate  to  below  the  apex.     Calyptra 

covering  the  capsule  to  the  middle.    Capsule  cylindrical,  borne 

on  a  long  straight  or  genicidate  pedicel.     Teeth  att.ached  below 

the  orifice,  somewhat  long,  striate  on   the  back,  red<lish.  — 

Georgia^  Ehrh. 

1.  T.  pellucida,  Hedw.  Tufts  yellowish  green :  perigonium 
often  deformed,  cui>shaped,  of  broad  truncate  leaves,  enclos- 
ing small  lenticular  greenish  hyaline  short-pedicellate  bodies : 
calyptra  very  thin,  whitish  below,  more  solid  and  reddish  above : 


Tetrodontlmn,] 


BUY  ACE. E. 


187 


cnpsiik'  Ljrociii.sh  wlion  filli'd,  brown  with  acjc;  pedicel  Hinooth, 
twisted  to  the  left  in  the  lower  part,  to  the  rii^ht  uhove. — 
Fuixl.  Muse.  ii.  H7,  t.  7,  f.  .'{'-*,  and  S|»ee.  Muse.  4;'),  t.  7  ;  I»rvol. 
Eur.  t.  \{H).  Jf/iiinn  pef/ffciifinn,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  llOl).  (weori/ia 
Jf/iennm>//iUHi,  Khrh. ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  180.  G.  ^>t7//^c/(Ar, 
Hahenh. 

II AH.     Oil  docayeil  trunks  in  (loop  woods;  common. 

2.  T.  geniculata,  (iirt^ens.  Differs  from  the  last  in  the 
upper  leaves  Ioniser  and  narrower,  linear-laneeolate,  acuminate, 
the  perit^oniuni  not  <leformed,  and  the  j>edicel  i;eni(ailate  in  the 
middle.  —  .Milde  in  IJot.  Zeit.  xxiii.  155;  Schiinp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
Suppl.  yi'frajt/iiii,  1,  t.  1. 

Had.     Moose  Uiver  {Lyall);  Sitka  (IliHchnff,  liothrock). 

63.  TETRODONTIUM,  Schwaegr. 
Plants  very  small,  grejjjarious.      Stems  very  short,  bearing 
flowering  gemmulcs  at  the  base  of  filiform  foliate  branchlets. 
Capsule  thick,  oval,  covered  to  the  base  by  a  solid  caly])tra; 
pedicel  thick,  rigid.     Teeth  short. 

1.  T.  repandum,  Schwaegr.  Basilar  innovations  erect: 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  rigid,  reddish  brown,  close  and  imbri- 
cate; ])erichiutial  leaves  ovate  and  oblong,  very  concave, 
obscurely  costate;  perigonial  leaves  smaller,  thinner,  ecostate, 
like  those  of  the  branchlets :  cai>sule  oval,  its  orifice  emargi- 
nate  between  the  teeth ;  li<l  conical,  erect,  short.  —  Sujipl.  ii. 
102;  l>ryol.  Eur.  t.  197.  Tetraphis  repanda^  Funck ;  Nees  in 
Sturm's  Deutschl.  Fl.  ii,  fasc.  17,  t. ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  ii.  21, 
t.  107. 

IIah.  On  shaded  rocks  near  the  Glen  House,  and  at  Dixviile  Notch, 
White  Mountains  (James)',  very  rare. 

Tribe  VII.  DISCELIEiE. 
Plants  very  small,  nearly  without  stems,  gemmiform,  gre- 
garious, produced  from  a  persistent  prothallium,  dioecious. 
Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  muticous  at  the  apex,  ecostate ; 
perichaBtial  leaves  longer ;  areolation  loose,  in  long  hexagonal- 
rhomboidal  meshes.  Male  plants  in  the  same  prothallium  as 
the  female  ones ;  antheridia  small ;  paraphyses  numerous,  sub- 


i 


II 


m 


-hi 


r  i 


i 


y;S 


-« 


188 


BKYACE^E. 


[DiHcvUum. 


clavate.  Cnlyptrn  K|»lit  its  whole  lonr^th  on  ono  side  nn(T  opened, 
generally  remaining;  attaehetl  to  the  pedieel  by  its  constricted 
base.  Capsule  ovate-jjjlobose,  cernnous,  thick,  on  a  lonj^  rc<ldish 
pedicel  twisted  to  the  right,  the  si>orangiinn  free.  Lid  large, 
convex,  conical.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  10,  simple,  striolate, 
reddish,  split  from  the  base  to  the  middle  along  the  divisural 
line  'f  articulations  distant. 

64.  DISOELIUM,  Brid. 
The  only  genus,  with  the  characters  of  the  tribe. 

1.  D.  nudum,  IJrid.  The  only  species,  characterized  above. 
—  IJryol.  Univ.  i.  3(10 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  297.  JJryum  miilutn^ 
Dicks.  Fasc.  iv.  7,  t  10. 

Had.    Clayey  ground;  Canton,  Illinois  («/.  U'o^/").     A  very  rare  species. 

TiiiHE  VITI.     SCIIISTOSTEGE^E. 

Plants  annual,  produced  from  a  persistent  confervoidal  pro- 
thallium.  Stems  very  tender  and  delicate,  radiculosc  at  base, 
mostly  simple,  of  two  forms,  the  sterile  frondiform,  with  leaves 
vertically  inserted  and  confluent  at  their  base,  the  fertile  frondi- 
form in  the  lower  part,  or  naked,  bearing  the  flowers  at  the  apex 
with  a  few  minute  tufted  and  horizontally  attached  leaves;  areo- 
Lation  loose.  Flowers  terminal,  loosely  gemmiform ;  anthers  and 
archegonia  few,  without  paraj)hyses.  Calyptra  minute,  narrowly 
mitriform,  covering  the  lid  only.  Cai)sule  small,  subglobose, 
soft,  on  a  long  soft  pedicel,  with  distinct  sporangium,  thick  col- 
umella, and  small  convex  lid.    Peristome  none.    Spores  minute. 

66.  SOHISTOSTEGA,  Mohr. 

The  only  genus,  with  the  characters  of  the  tribe. 

1.  S.  OSmundacea,  Web.  &  Mohr.  Plants  widely  and 
loosely  cespitose,  about  one  cm.  long,  bright  or  glaucous 
green,  brown  below,  from  a  golden  yellow  shining  prothallium  : 
segments  of  the  compound  leaves  rhomboid.'il,  the  simple  ones 
lanceolate,  very  soft ;  areolation  rhomboidal,  slightly  chloro- 
phyllose :  flowers  dioecious :  lid  short,  with  a  red  border.  — 
Bot.  Tasch.  92 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  279.    Mnium^  Dicks.  1.  c.  i.  3, 1. 1. 


^^ 


DiHsodon.] 


BRYACE.E. 


189 


II AH.  On  the  ground,  undor  tlio  iliade  of  rorks;  Sand  Lake,  New 
York  (C.  //.  Peck);  near  llie  I'roJUo  House  and  the  Dixvlllo  Notch, 
While  Muuntuina  {Foster,  Jumea), 

TuiiJE  IX.    SPLACIINE.E. 

Plants  nnnual  or  perennial,  gregarious  or  oeHpitoHc,  Increasing 
when  perennial  by  subHoral  innovatioiiH  anil  diehotoinoiisly 
fastigiate.  Loaves  broadly  costate ;  areolation  conipose<l  of 
largo  soft  jjarencliytnatoso  cells.  Flowers  terminal,  nioncecious 
or  (ruiH'ious,  rarely  bisexual,  the  male  iliscoid  with  large  pedicel- 
late antheridia  and  clavato  paraphyses.  Calyptra  cueullato  or 
niitrato  aiul  split  on  one  side,  abruptly  constricted  at  base, 
rarel'y  conical  and  entire.  Capsule  with  an  ai>ophysis  varying 
in  shape  and  size,  erect,  regular,  long-pedicellate,  with  free 
sj)orangium  and  persistent  columella.  Lid  convex-conical  or 
hcinisjdicrical.  Peristome  rarely  absent,  of  10  geminate  or  8 
bigeminato  linear-lancoolato  flat  teeth,  transversely  articulate, 
minutely  punctulute,  very  hygroscopical.  Annulus  none. 
Spores  minute. 

1.  Calyptra  mitriform^  constricted  at  base:  ajw2)hysis  uniform 
in  color,  not  enlarged  tcith  aye. 

66.  DISSODON,  Grev.  «te  Arn. 
Leaves  obovate  or  ovate-oblong,  spatulate,  entire ;  cells  very 
loose,  shorter  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves,  longer  and  rect- 
angular toward  the  base,  thin  and  a  little  chlorophyllose. 
Capsule  erect  or  cernuous,  oval,  defluent  to  an  obconical  collum, 
on  a  solid  pedicel  narrowed  at  base.  Lid  convex  or  conical, 
obtuse.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  IG,  geminate,  linear-lanceolate, 
acute  or  truncate,  yellowish.     Spores  large,  granulose. 

\.  D.  Hornschuchii,  Grev.  &  Arn.  Stems  radiculose : 
lower  leaves  small,  broadly  ovate,  distant,  the  ui)per  close, 
imbricate,  much  larger,  broadly  oblong,  narrowly  costate,  shin- 
ing green :  capsule  erect  on  a  short  thick  pedicel,  obovate  with 
the  long  neck,  thick,  chestnut-color,  very  short  when  deoper- 
culate  and  empty,  with  a  broad  orifice ;  lid  persistent  upon  the 


■f  i 


h: 


llllil 


•^Ih 


-■^i 


5  ■••* 


TTfT 


IH 


190 


WUYACE.K. 


[Diaaodon. 


r, 


i.m. 


9 


1 1 


thick  ooltimolla ;  tcctli  Hliort,  tnincnto,  l/ifiil  or  jHTforfito  uloii;^ 
tlic  «livisural  lliu',  yellow.  —  Kdinb.  Mi'iii.  Wern.  Soc.  ill.  1'21  ; 
JJryol.  Kiir.  t.  *JS1.     tSyst>/liH)n  splachnoidcs^  Ilornsch.,  Ki'gciiNb. 
Floi-ji  (IH-JO),  lii.  IMO. 
IIah.     Twin  I.!iI«'H,  Colorado;  Orogon  (Ihncnic), 

li.  D.  Froelichianus,  (Jrcv.  &  Am.  1.  o.    In  Iounc  tuftH: 

leaves  oMoin;  aixl  liiiixiihite,  <)l)tns(^  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  con- 
cave, gradually  larijer  and  loosely  iinhricate  tVoiu  the  Imse  of 
the  stems  to  the  top,  jtalo  j^reeu,  very  thin  :  male  ."iid  female 
flowi'rs  ou  sejiarate  innovations  or  bisexual :  capsule  erect  or  sul>- 
cernuous,  ohovate-pyriform  with  a  collum  as  lonj^  as  tlu'  s|»orau- 
pium,  dark  oran<j:e,  hecominjjf  sjdierical  and  compressed  when 
(leoperculate ;  pedicel  1^  cm.  loni;,  twisted  to  the  left  when 
dry;  lid  conical,  obtuse;  columella  contracted  into  the  cap- 
Btdc ;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  approxim;itu  in  pairs. —  IJryol. 
Kur.  t.  2SL».  iSjtlachnum  J'^rielic/iianuiu,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond, 
iii.  90,  t.  40. 
llxu.     Rocky  Mountains  {Dniimnond,  E.  IFull). 

8.  D.  splachnoides,  Grev.  &  Arn.  1.  c.  Plants  larijc,  in 
loose  tufts,  u:reen  above,  blackish  within :  leaves  j^radually 
lar<j;er  iipward  from  the  base  of  the  innovations,  oblonuj  or 
obovatc  or  linujulate  :  capsule  lonjjj-pedicellate,  erect,  ov;d,  with 
an  intlate<l  collum  i>erforato<l  with  stomata,  oranufc-colored, 
globose-turbinate  when  dry  and  empty;  lid  convi'X-conical, 
obtuse,  often  persistent  upon  the  columella ;  teeth  long,  linear- 
lanceolate,  yellow,  e(pudistant.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  '288.  Weiaitt 
s])lachnoi(le8y  Schwaegr.  Sujijil.  i.  68,  t.  17.  I^remodon  splach- 
noides^ Dritl.  IJryol.  Univ.  i.  284.  Weisia  turbinata,  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer.  n.  64. 

Had.    Marshy  spots  near  York  I'actory  {Driumnond). 

67.  TAYLORIA,  Hook. 
Plants  in  loose  tufts,  dichotomous  by  innovations,  vadiculose. 
Leaves  open,  erect,  8j)atulate,  sharply  acuminate,  coarsely  and 
obtusely  dentate  above.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  16,  attached 
far  below  the  orifice,  entire  or  bifid,  linear-lanceolate  or  loricate, 
very  long  and  hygroscopical,  connivent  when  moistened,  re- 
flexed  and  appressed  to  the  capsule  or  circinate-pendent  when 
dry.     Spores  very  small,  green  or  yellow. 


^ 


Tctraplndon.] 


IJUVACK.K. 


101 


1.  T.  serrata,  Hnich  it  Sdiitni*.  Tufts  l(ri;»ljt  p-ct'u ; 
fiTtilr  stems  rurved  down  at  hasf:  U-avt's  l»>ii.ix,  s|»atc1ati',  at-u- 
iiiinati',  rc'curvi'd  at  tlu'  api-x  ;  costa  vanisliiiii;  hclow  the  api'.v : 
c.'ipsulc  n'tldish  l>ro\vM,  t'lvt't,  witli  a  loii<r  iiitlati-d  collmii ; 
jK'dici'l  loiiij:,  ri'ddisli,  <>ftt'»  ^'t'liiculati'  at  base;  columt'lla  iii- 
I'ludi'd;  lid  Nlmrt,  conical-oWtiisf. —  IJryoI.  Kiir.  t.  2H4,  IHi). 
Si>l<i<'fitiinn  srmitHtii,  Ili'dw.  Spec.  Miisc.  ;'>:{,  t.  H. 

Var.  flagellaris,  nnidi  «fc  Sriiimit.  IJraiicIu'S  rIi'IuUt, 
asccndini;  hitiliiT  than  tliu  siilu'i-rniums  oapsHulf. —  Splachnuin 
Jl(njell<ii't'.,  Hiid.  liryol.  I'niv.  i.  '1X1. 

llAii.     Fort  Col vllle  (/.//«(//);  Oroj^oii;  Alaska  ( A'f7/of/(/,  lliHrhoff). 

T.  TKNi'iM,  ScliliMi).  (Syn.  i-d.  2,  ;{<!()),  loiij;  foiisitlt-rfd  l»y  Kiiiopfiin  au- 
thors as  a  vari«!fy  of  tin'  last,  has  Immmi  s«!iit  to  Schiiiiper  from  (Jrfciilantl. 
It  tlitTiM's  ill  Immiij?  more  sltuidi-r,  softer,  aii«l  niortf  loosrly  ccsiiltost';  li-avos 
broadly  spatiilate,  shortly  acuiiiliiatt?,  very  thin,  and  more  loosely  areolate; 
capsult!  smaller,  with  a  broad  orillci';  lu'dicel  more  sU'iider;  columella  loug- 
exserted;  teeth  dark  jna'ple;  spores  nearly  twiee  lari^er  and  hyaline. 

-.  T.  Splachnoides,  Hook.  (IiTt^'arionsor  irr('t,'idaily  and 
loosely  ('('SjMto.st';  stems  soft,  irueh  divided:  leaves  flaeeid, 
lonj^ei*  than  in  tlie  j>reee<lin^  species,  loni^-s]>atidat<',  lanoeolate- 
aeiiminate,  nne(|nally  and  coarsely  dentate  to  the  middle  :  male 
bu<ls  of  three  leaves,  terminal  on  loni^  distantly  foliate  hranch- 
lets:  eaiisule  erect  or  sid»cernnous,  elliptical-ohlonix,  soft,  [jreen- 
ish-yellow  when  filled,  contracted  to  a  narrow  cylindrical  nock, 
the  whole  reduced  to  half  its  length  when  «lry ;  pedicel  very 
long,  pale  red  ;  lid  conical,  variable  in  length,  capping  the  per- 
sistent columella;  teeth  very  long,  thong-shaped,  piirjde  and 
cleft  their  whole  length  with  age,  involute  luxler  the  orifice  of 
the  capsule  when  moist,  reflexed,  sinuous  and  twisted  when 
dry,  flexible  when  breathed  upon.  —  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.  ii. 
144,  and  Muse.  Exot.  t.  173 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  280.  Ilookeriu 
splachnoides,  Schleich.;  Schwaegr.  Su)>pl.  i.  ii.  340,  t.  100. 

IIau.  Rocky  Mountains  of  lirltish  America  (Drummond) ;  West  Ilum- 
boldt  Mountains,  Nevada  (  Watson). 

2.  Calyptra  very  small,  conical,  cucnllate:   apojyht/sis  discol- 
ored icith  age,  ohovate,  conical  or  umbrella-form. 

68.  TETRAPLODON,  Bruch  &  Schimp.    (PI.  4.) 
Plants  densely  cespitosc,  pulvinate,  perennial;   tufts  mixed 
with  a  radiculose  tomeutum.      Leaves  oblong,  ovate  or  obovate 


•  U 


Ul 


:,!> 


i.  (, 


J*! 
t  -j.j 


192 


BRYACE.E. 


[Tetraplodon. 


I  ^ 


^.1 ' 


or  lanccc!ate-8tibiilate  at  the  apex;  reticulation  more  dense. 
Flowers  monoecious ;  male  flowers  gemmaceous,  caj>ituliform, 
sessile  in  tht  axils  of  the  leaves  or  terminal  on  separate  branches. 
Calyptra  conical,  cucuUate,  inclined.  Capsule  thick,  with  a 
solid  thick  generally  long  apophysis  covered  with  stomata. 
Teeth  of  the  peristome  shorter,  bigeminate,  solid,  dark  purple, 
reflexed  when  dry.     Spores  very  small. 

1.  T.  an^status,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  compact, 
green  outside,  ferruginous  within;  stems  slender,  varying  in 
length,  much  divided  :  leaves  soft,  passing  from  the  oblong  base 
into  a  very  long  yellowloh  flexuous  subulate  point,  serrate- 
dentate  from  below  the  tniddle ;  costa  excurrent  into  the  point : 
capsule  short-pedicellate,  small,  with  larger  j)yriform  apophysis; 
lid  highly  convex  or  obtusely  conical;  teeth  approximate  in 
pairs.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  288 ;  Schimp.  Syn.  303.  Splachmim 
angustatum^  Linn.  fil.  Meth.  Muse.  33 ;  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii. 
37,  t.  12.     K  setacei'.m,  Michx.  Fl.  ii.  287. 

IlAB.  White  Mountains;  Adirondacks;  Lake  Superior;  Rocky  Moun- 
tains; not  rare. 

2.  T.  mnioides,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  more  robust : 
leaves  close,  imbricate,  obovate-oblong,  very  concave,  more  or 
less  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  flexuous  yellowish  acumen; 
borders  entire,  yellow  ;  costa  percurrent :  pedicel  longer,  solid, 
dark  orange,  purple  when  old,  enlarging  above  into  an  obconical- 
oblong  lark  j)urj)le  apophysis  longer  than  the  fawn-colored  oval 
capsule,  which  when  empty  is  cylindrical  and  narrower  than  the 
ai)ophysis;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  first  joined  in  fours,  then  bifid, 
orange-colored.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  289 ;  Schimji.  Syn.  304.  Splach- 
mim mmoide.%  Linn.  fil.  1.  c.  16 ;  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  ii.  35, 
t.  11.     S.  w'ceolatum^  Hedw.  1.  c.  89,  t.  13. 

Hak.  Catskil!  and  Adirondack  Mountains  ( Ohiey,  Lcsquereux) ;  White 
Mountains  {James);  Rocky  Mountains  (Dr?»n»?ionrf);  Sitka  [Harrington). 

3.  T.  australis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Tufts  more  or  less  compact ; 
plants  soft,  slender,  green  above,  brownish  and  radiculose  below, 
simple  or  sparingly  fastigiate-ramose :  leaves  soft,  distant,  erect, 
long-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowly  acuminate,  distantly  and 
coarsely  dentate,  sometimes  nearly  pinnatifid,  rarely  entire; 
costa  ending  with  the  apex;  areolation  very  loose,  oblong- 
hexagonal:    flowers  moncBcious  and  dicecious;    male  flowers 


Splachnuin.] 


BRYACE.E. 


193 


discoid,  ca|»ituliform,  terminal  on  separate  smaller  more  slender 
j»lants,  or  gemmiform  and  axillary  on  the  fertile  ones:  e.alyptra 
conical,  not  sj)Iit,  scarcely  covering  tlie  lieniispherical-conical 
obtusely  apiculate  lid:  cai)Siile  oblong-oval,  small,  its  apophysis 
a  little  broader  and  longer  than  the  sp.omngiuni,  gradually 
narrowed  to  a  thick  ])edicel  less  than  a  cm.  long;  teeth  joined 
in  pairs,  attached  near  the  oriKce.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  n. 
151 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  IT.  States,  5.%  t.  4,  and  Icon.  IMusc.  97, 
t.  58.  Sphichnum  isetacetim,  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse. 
Am.  (Col.  II.),  n.  27. 

Hah.  Swamps  near  the  coast,  from  New  .Jersey  to  Florida;  especially 
common  in  cedar  swamps  on  the  dung  of  nuiles.  Also  found  on  Isle 
Madam,  Cape  IJreton  (»/.  A.  Allen). 

4.  T.  urceolatus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  compact,  solid, 
yellowish  green  on  the  surface,  pale  brown  or  reddish  and 
densely  radiculose  within :  leaves  loosely  imbricated,  oblong  or 
obovate,  subcochleariform,  al)ru))tly  narrowed  into  a  flexuous 
awn-shaped  point,  very  entire;  costa  very  narrow,  ending  below 
the  point ;  cells  rectangular,  narrow,  thick-walled  :  male  Howers 
at  first  terminal,  then  thrown  aside  and  lateral  l)y  innovations : 
calyptra  comparatively  large,  split  and  laciniate  at  base,  straw- 
colored  :  capsule  short,  cylindrical,  slightly  longer  than  its  broad 
obovate  apophysis,  becoming  broader  and  black  with  age,  nar- 
rowed to  a  thick  short  pedicel ;  teeth  short  and  geminate,  narrow, 
orange-colored.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  209. 

Hab.  Alpine  regions  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  {Dnimmond);  Colorado 
{Doionie);  rare. 


1 

1 

H 

1 

1 1 J  5 


69.  SPLACHNUM,  Linn.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  mostly  annual,  loosely  cespitose ;  branches  soft,  slender. 
Lower  leaves  distant,  open,  the  upper  tufted,  with  a  soft  costa 
and  areolation  very  loose.  Flowers  dioecious,  rarely  montecious, 
the  male  terminal  and  discoid,  on  8len<ler  naked  branches. 
Calyptra,  small,  conical,  slightly  split  or  mostly  entire  at  l)ase, 
soft  and  fugacious.  Capsule  long-pedicelled,  small,  oval  or 
short-cylindrical,  or  with  a  larger  apophysis  increasing  after 
maturity,  becoming  pyriform  or  globose  or  umbrellorshaped  and 
diversely  colored.  Columella  capped,  generally  exserted  after 
the  separation  of  the  lid.     Teeth  of  the  peristome  16,  linear, 


i    1 


i 


I! 

j 

1 1.M- 

;'i 

1           ■ 

i     1 

i 

194 


BRYACE^. 


[Splachnum. 


geminate,  orange-colorcl,  formed  of  a  double  lamina,  the  outer 
tiiickcr  and  ])a|>illo.se,  the  inner  loosely  and  thinly  areolate. 
Spores  very  minute. 

1.  S.  Wormskioldii,  Hornem.  Moncecious:  perennial,  in 
soft  dense  tufts  reddish  and  radicuiose  within ;  stems  very 
slender,  dieliotomous:  leaves  very  soft  an<l  loosely  areolate, 
oval,  mutioous  or  more  or  less  long-acuminate,  narrowly  costate: 
male  flowers  terminal  on  long  slender  branches:  capsule  small, 
eHii)tical  or  subglobose,  about  as  long  as  the  ovate  apophysis, 
shorter  and  turbinate  when  empty,  first  green,  then  dark  brown, 
stomatose ;  columella  not  exserted  from  the  empty  capsule ;  teeth 
small,  yellow,  subequidistant.  —  Fl.  Dan.  t.  1059;  liryol.  Eur. 
t.  291. 

Had.    Peat  bogs  of  Arctic  America,  Greenland,  etc. 

2.  S.  sphsdricum,  Linn.  fil.  Dioecious :  loosely  cespitose, 
annual;  stems  short:  lower  leaves  small,  ovate-acuminate,  the 
upper  much  larger,  broadly  obovate  from  the  narrowed  base, 
acuminate,  entire  or  obscm*ely  dentate :  capsule  oval,  fuscous ; 
apo]ihysis  broader,  subglobose,  dark  red,  shining,  perforated 
by  stomata  in  its  upper  part ;  pedicel  long,  slender,  flexuous ; 
lid  convex,  mamillate ;  teeth  large,  linear,  obtuse,  approximate 
in  pairs,  orange.  —  Meth.  Muse.  33,  t.  1,  fig.  1;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  292. 

Hab.    Rocky  Mountains  (Drinnmond). 

3.  S.  vasculosum,  Linn.  Dioecious :  biennial  or  perennial ; 
tufts  soft,  bright  green :  leaves  large,  distant,  the  lower  sub- 
orbicular,  the  upper  broadly  obovate,  obtusely  acuminate,  entire ; 
costa  ending  below  the  apex :  male  plants  more  slender,  with 
smaller  and  more  distant  leaves :  capsule  short,  cylindrical,  red- 
orange,  on  a  large  spherical  minutely  tuberculose  dark  purple 
or  bluish  black  apophysis,  irregularly  wrinkled  when  dry;  lid 
hemispherical,  yellow ;  teeth  in  pairs,  short,  orange-colored.  — 
Sp.  PI.  ed.  2,  1572 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  294. 

Had.    Hudson's  Bay  {Drummond)\  Sitka  (Bischoff). 

4.  S.  ampuUaceum,  Linn.  Monoecious  and  dioecious: 
loosely  cespitose ;  stems  generally  short,  annual  or  biennial : 
lower  leaves  lanceolate,  the  upper  obovate,  long-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  more  or  less  coarsely  serrate  above,  very  soft,  pale 
green:  capsule  small,  narrowly  oval,  cylindrical,  yellowish; 
apophysis  large,  enlarged  upward,  pyriform,  soft  and  fleshy, 


i 


SplacJimim,] 


BRYACE.E. 


195 


purine  when  old,  gradually  narrowing  to  a  long  purple  pedieel ; 
lid  highly  convex  or  short-conical,  ohtusu ;  teeth  approxinjato 
or  united  in  pairs,  yellow. —  Sp.  PI.  HUH  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  203. 

IlAn.  Cranberry  swamps  of  Ohio,  New  Eiijrland,  Pennsylvania,  Now 
Jersey,  and  northward;  rare. 

5.  S.  rubrum,  Linn.  1.  c.  DicDcious:  loosely  tufting, 
annual ;  stems  short :  leaves  large,  oj)en,  recurved  at  the  apex, 
enlarged  in  the  middle  from  a  n.'irrowed  base,  more  abruptly  ' 
narrowed  and  lanceolate,  long-acuminate  upward,  distinctly 
serrate  from  below  the  middle  :  male  plants  much  smaller,  with 
smaller  leaves :  capsule  small,  oval-truncate,  thin,  membrana- 
ceous, dirty  yellow;  apoi)hyMs  very  large,  campanulato, 
umbrella-shai)ed,  purple,  on  a  very  long  reddish  |)edicel ;  lid 
highly  convex  ;  teeth  16,  large,  dtasely  articulate,  joined  in 
pairs  at  base  and  sometimes  at  the  apex,  the  dividing  line 
effaced  at  the  apex.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  295. 

Had.    Rocky  Mountains  (DriimmomJ);  Maine  {A.  Young). 

6.  S.  luteum,  Linn.  1.  c.  Differs  from  the  last  only  in  the 
leaves  not  as  coarsely  dentate,  and  the  umbrella-like  apophysis 
convex  and  bright  yellow ;  the  teeth  are  a  little  narrower.  — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  296.  S.  melanocaulon^  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  ii.  1. 
28,  t.  109 ;  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  22. 

Hab.  Western  North  America,  from  several  collectors,  according  to 
Mitten,  who  states  that  specimens  collected  by  Burke  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains show  an  extraordinary  variation  in  the  capsules. 


I- 


Tribe  X.    PHYSCOMITRIE^. 

Plants  annual,  rarely  biennial,  small,  gregarious  or  sub- 
cespitose,  of  soft  texture,  sp.aringly  branching  by  innovations. 
Leaves  comparatively  large,  soft,  composed  of  large  thin 
hyaline  hexagonal  oi  rhomboidal-oblong  cells,  and  with  a  thin 
loosely  areolate  costa,  obovate  or  spatulate-acuminate. 
Flowers  monoecious  or  dicecious,  the  male  discoid,  axillary, 
terminal  only  in  young  plants.  Calyptra  tetragonal,  vesicular 
when  young,  cucullate  or  mitriform.  Capsule  oval  or  spherical, 
erect,  regular  or  cemuous-gibbous ;  the  sporangium  free, 
adherent  to  the  capsule  by  filaments.  Lid  convex  or  mamil- 
late.    Peristome  none  or  simple  or  double. 


I 


I' 


j 

i 

ij.  1 

; 

1 

196 


BRYACE^. 


[Pyramidula. 


70.  PYRAMIDULA,  Brid. 
Calyptra  largo,  enclosing  the  capsule,  dehiscent  by  a  lateral 
cleft.     Orifice  of  the  caj)8ule  naked.     Spores  very  large,  smooth. 

1.  P.  tetragona,  Brid.  Stems  short,  simple:  leaves  ovate- 
oblong,  gradually  acuminate  or  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent 
costa,  concave  and  entire  :  male  buds  jit  the  base  of  the  fertile 
j)lants  :  cai)8ule  globose,  short-pedicellate,  with  inflated  collum ; 
lid  convex,  obtusely  apiculate.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  iv.  20. 
Phyacomitrium  tetrngonum^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  298;    Suliiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  52. 

Hab.  Sandy  soil,  San  Marcos,  Texas  (  WrUjhtW  sandy  plain  near  the 
depot  at  Vincennes,  Indiana  (Lesquereux)\  plains  of  Colorado  (E.  Hall). 

71.  APHANORHEGMA,  Suliiv.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  gregarious  or  subcespitose,  whitish  green.  Stems 
short,  sparingly  dividing  by  innovations.  Flowers  monoecious 
or  occasionally  synacious.  Calyptra  narrowly  conical,  mitri- 
form,  covering  the  upper  part  of  the  capsule  by  its  lobate  base. 
Capsule  immersed,  very  shortly  pedicellate,  splitting  in  the  mid- 
dle at  maturity,  without  decoloration  at  the  line  of  separation. 

1.  A.  serratum,  Suliiv.  Lower  leaves  open,  flexuous,  the 
upper  close,  nearly  erect,  oblong  and  spatulate-lanceolate,  short- 
acuminate,  serrate  from  the  middle  upward  ;  costa  percurrent ; 
basilar  cells  large,  rectangular,  the  marginal  often  yellowish : 
capsule  globose,  minutely  papillose  at  the  apex :  spores  tuber- 
culate.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  52,  t.  4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  95, 
t.  57.  SchisticUum,  serratum^  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse. 
Am.  n.  20 ;  Suliiv.  Mem.  Amer.  Acad.  n.  s.  iii.  60,  t.  2,  C. 
Physcomitriiim  serratum^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  545. 

Had.  Damp  clayey  ground,  river-banks,  road-sides  in  the  woods,  and 
in  open  cultivated  ground  in  the  Northern  and  Middle  States;  not  rare. 

72.  PHYSOOMITRIUM,  Brid.    (PI.  4.) 

Plants  simple  or  sparingly  branching  at  base  by  innovations. 

Calyptra  scarcely  descending  to  the  middle  of  the  capsule. 

Capsule  regularly  dehiscent  with  a  distinct  naked  orifice. 

1.  P.  immersum,  Suliiv.  Plants  small,  annual,  gregarious 
or  widely  subcespitose,  green :  leaves  large,  obovate  or  lingu- 


PhyscoinUrium.] 


BllYACE.E. 


197 


late,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  more  distlnelly  serrate  from  the 
middle  upward  than  those  of  Ajthattot'/ut/nui ;  mar<jfiiial  cells 
yellow:  male  flowers  terminal  on  young  plants,  bect>nunir 
lateral  by  the  growth  of  the  fertile  innovations:  ealyptra  erect, 
long-beaked,  mitrate,  (piadrilobate,  scarcely  reaching  to  the 
middle  of  the  lid:  caj)sule  short-pedicellate,  immersed,  sul)- 
globose  ;  lid  large,  hemispherical,  convex,  apiculate.  —  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  51,  t.  4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  1)8,  t.  .')0. 

Had.  lilver  banks,  Southern  Ohio  (Lea)\  Western  Pennsylvania 
(Lei*querenx)',  South  Carolina  (liacenel). 

Differs  from  Aphunorheijma  merely  in  the  inflorescence,  the  dehiscence 
of  the  lid,  and  the  leaves  more  distinctly  serrate  by  yellowish  cells. 

2.  P.  pygmSBUm,  James.  Plants  still  smaller  than  in  the 
last ;  stems  prostrate  at  base,  radiculose,  bijiartite :  leaves  soft, 
whitish  green,  the  lower  distant,  flexuous,  the  upper  loosely 
tufted,  ovaie-li  nceolate,  slightly  serrate;  costa  j)ercurrent  or 
vanishing  below  the  apex ;  marginal  cells  transversely  oblong, 
in  5  to  7  rows:  capsule  oblong,  pyriform  when  empty;  lid  com- 
paratively long ;  annulus  narrow,  persistent ;  pedicel  twisted 
to  the  left.  —  Bot.  King  Exp.  404. 

IIab.  On  the  ground  above  Parley's  Park,  in  the  Wahsatch  Moun- 
tains, Utah,  at  {>,.'jOO  feet  altitude  (  Watson)',  a  few  in> perfect  specimens. 

The  small  size  of  the  plants  and  their  prostrate  black  radiculose  stems 
separate  this  species  from  all  its  congeners.  It  c'osely  resembles  P. 
Hookerl,  but  differs  in  its  size,  the  narrow  annulus,  etc. 

3.  P.  pyriforme,  Brid.  Densely  gregarious  or  widely  and 
loosely  cespitose ;  plants  robust,  yellowish  green  :  leaves  open 
or  flexuOus,  soft,  the  lower  distant,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper 
tufting,  spatulate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  concave,  serrate  from 
the  middle  upward ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  :  calyj)tra 
large,  mitriform,  descending  to  the  middle  of  the  capsule  :  cap- 
sule large,  long-pedicellate,  orbicular-pyriform,  the  cells  sur- 
rounding the  orifice  transversely  rectangular  in  multiple  series; 
lid  convex-conical,  obtusely  apiculate  or  rostcllate.  —  Bryol. 
Univ.  i.  98  (under  Gymnostonmni) ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  299.  Gi/m- 
nostoimini  pyriforme^  Hedw.  Fund.  Muse.  ii.  87. 

Hab.  On  wet  open  and  shaded  ground,  wet  meadows;  very  common. 
The  variety  described  below  in  Florida  {Daniel  B.  Smith,  Garher). 

Plants  very  variable  in  size,  appearance,  color,  etc.,  according  to  habi- 
tat. Luxuriant  in  wet  places,  witli  longer  larger  whitisli  green  leaves 
and  longer  operculate  capsule,  on  reaching  dry  ground  it  gradually  be- 
comes short  and  yellowish,  with  shorter-pedicellate  nearly  globose  capsule 


t,- 


^m 


m 


r 


\w 

f  t 

II; 


198 


BliYACE^. 


[Phyacomitrlum. 


and  shorter  iiiamillate  lid.  A  marked  variety  from  Florida  may  be  a  dis- 
tinct species.  It  lias  longer  narrower  leaves,  very  llexuous  and  nearly 
twisted,  deeply  dentate,  and  with  stronger  percurrent  costa.  The  long 
slender  pedicellate  capsule,  with  a  short  obtuse  lid,  is  generally  gibbous 
on  one  side,  widely  enlarged  at  the  orilice  and  cupuliforni  when  empty. 
Another  variety,  (jlymnostoinum  tortipes,  Brid.,  has  long  flexuous  slender 
stems,  with  distant  narrowly  lanceolate  acuminate  leaves  dentate  at  the 
apex,  the  pyriform  capsule  distinctly  intlated  at  the  coUum  and  narrowed 
at  the  oriHce. 

4.  P.  Hookeri,  llmnpe.  Much  like  small  forms  oiP.pyri- 
forme^  from  which  it  differs  in  the  broadly  oval  gradually  acu- 
minate leaves,  with  borders  entire  or  very  slightly  serrulate 
below  the  ajiex,  by  the  j)rotrusion  of  the  marginal  cells,  the 
quadrate  smaller  upper  cells,  and  the  short  thick  pedicel  of  the 
oval  obconical  capsule,  which  is  slightly  constricted  under  the 
broad  orifice,  rugose  and  gradually  passing  into  a  thick  unde- 
fined collum.  The  annulus  is  thick,  broad  and  persistent, 
adhering  to  the  orifice  or  falling  piecemeal.  —  Icon.  Muse,  under 
t.  30.  Gymnostomum  turbinatum,  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  286. 
G.  latifoUum^  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  16 ;  Schwacgr.  Sujjpl. 
iv.,  t.  304,  15.  P.  latlfoliam^  Lindb.  Ofvers.  Akad.  xxi.  595 
(18G4).  P.  hlans,  Liiidb.  Manip.  Muse.  i.  51  (1870);  SulUv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  26,  t.  16. 

Hab.  Wet  meadows  and  marshy  fields,  in  the  Western  States,  often 
mixed  with  P.  pyrlforme. 

5.  P.  acuminatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  shorter 
than  in  P.  pyriform.e^  generally  stouter  and  less  divided :  the 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  concave,  very  entire  or  obscurely 
serrate  at  the  apex,  yellowish-margined  at  the  base ;  costa  per- 
current or  excurrent :  calyptra  large,  sometimes  persistent  after 
maturity  of  the  capsule :  capsule  spherical  with  inflated  col- 
lum, constricted  under  the  orifice  when  empty ;  lid  short,  con- 
vex, apiculate  :  spores  large.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  300.  Gymnosto- 
mum actaninatimiy  Schleich.  Cat.  PI.  Ilelv.  ed.  4,  40. 

IIab.    Texas  (  Uyiyht);  Illinois  (E.  Hall). 

6.  P.  turbinatum,  Muell.  ined.  Plants  cespitose,  much 
divided,  straw-color :  leaves  open  and  flexuous,  oblong  and  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  distinctly  acuminate  by  the  excurrent  costa, 
entire  at  the  apex ;  areolation  smaller  and  more  compact :  male 
])lants  terminal:  capsule  long-pedicelled,  broadly  ovate-turbi- 
nate  ;  lid  small,  rostrate. 

Hab.    Texas  (Boll). 


Entoathodon.] 


BRYACE.E. 


199 


From  imperfect  specimens  kindly  communicated  by  Mueller  we  And 
that,  as  in  i'.  acuminatum,  the  leaves  are  entire  at  tlie  apex,  or  nearly  so, 
and  the  form  of  the  operculate  capsule  is  nearly  tlie  same.  It  diu'jrs, 
liowcver,  in  tlic  larger  leaves,  not  ovate  but  rather  linear,  the  capsule 
longer-pedicellatvi,  without  coiluni,  and  the  lid  longer-iuamillate  or  ol>- 
tusely  rostrate.  The  stems  are  much  longer  and  more  divided;  the  male 
branches  long,  like  the  fertile  innovations. 

73.  ENTOSTHODON,  Schwaogr.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  annual  or  reproduced  by  innovations,  8iin]>le  or  brandl- 
ing. Leaves  variable,  even  in  the  same  species,  with  a  loose 
hyaline  soft  areolation.  Flowers  nioncccious,  terminal,  the 
male  on  the  prhnary  stems,  the  fertile  on  the  innovations ; 
antheridia  short ;  paraphyses  inflated  at  the  apex.  Calyptra 
vesiculose-cucuUate,  long-beaked,  shining.  Cnpsulo  thick,  sub- 
cernuous  or  pyriform  in  connection  with  its  collum ;  marginal 
cells  rectangular,  in  many  transverse  series ;  lid  small,  plano- 
convex. Peristome  attached  far  below  the  orifice,  either  very 
rudimentary,  or,  as  in  .ill  the  American  species,  of  IG  distantly 
articulate  teeth,  trabeculate  on  the  inside,  narrow,  confluent  at 
base.    Annulus  none.     Spores  large. 

1.  E.  Drummondii,  Sulliv.  Plants  cespitose,  gregarious, 
yellowish  green ;  stems  very  short :  leaves  tufted,  obovate, 
lanceolate  or  Ungulate-lanceolate,  concave,  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly crenulate  by  the  prominence  of  the  yellowish  marginal 
cells :  capsule  short,  symmetrical,  oblong-i)yriform  and  enlarged 
at  the  orifice  when  empty ;  pedicel  comparatively  long,  flexuous ; 
lid  convex,  apicidate ;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  dark  red,  granu- 
lose,  striolate  lengthwise ;  articulations  distant :  spores  red<li8h 
brown,  subpapillose.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  51,  t.  4,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  91,  t.  55 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  n.  ISC-  M 
obtHsifolius,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  Drumm.  Muse.  Am.  (Coll.  II.) 
n.  36 ;  not  of  Hook.  fil.    Ftmaria  Drummondii^  Lindb.  Manij>. 

Muse.  i.  62. 

Hab.  Moist  clay  soil,  Louisiana  (I)rummond)\  near  Montgomery, 
Alabama  (Sulliv ant);  rare. 

2.  E.  Bolanderi,  Lesq.  Plants  gregarious;  stems  longer 
than  in  the  last  species  :  stem-leaves  very  few,  the  upper  loosely 
tufted,    obovate,    lanceolate-acuminate,    with    borders    entire, 


1 


■V 


m 


:   M 


n 

in 


I  il 


Ml*  11-  ■ 


M>'^' 

II ; 

i 

1  WmI  1 

200 


BRYACEyE. 


l£H<o«</iO(/on. 


hyaline;  costa  short,  scarcely  passinjjf  above  the  ini<Mle :  male 
flowers  in  smaller  buds  at  the  base  of  the  fertile  ones:  capsule 
pyrifonn,  gradually  tlefluent  to  a  long  slightly  inflated  collum  ; 
li«l  highly  convex,  mainillate ;  teeth  j>ale,  whitish,  granulose ; 
articulations  and  dividing  line  very  obscure.  —  Trans.  Amer. 
Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  10;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  lior.-Am.  (ed.  li), 
n.  23G;    Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suj)pl.  28,  t.  17. 

II All.     On  clayey  soil  near  the  bay  of  San  Francisco  (BoUindir). 

A  very  distinct  species,  even  deviatinj;  soniewliat  from  tlie  generic 
cliaracters  in  its  broad  very  soft  entire  leaves,  rostate  only  to  the  middle, 
while  in  its  inllorescence  it  resembles  Finuirln,  and  in  its  calyptra,  which 
is  live-lobed  at  base  and  rather  mitrate,  it  is  like  a  Physcomitrinm. 

8.  E.  Templetoni,  Schwaegr.  More  or  less  densely  gre- 
garioiis :  stem-leaves  few,  distant,  the  upper  tufted,  broadly 
obovate  or  spatulate-oblong,  acuminate ;  border  narrow ;  cells 
more  or  less  uneciual,  yellow ;  costa  dividing  below  the  acumen : 
capsule  defluent  into  a  long  collum,  jjyriform,  obconical  and 
truncate,  furrowed  when  empty;  teeth  lanceolate-subulate, 
reddish,  j)apillose,  distantly  articulate ;  articulations  i)rominent 
on  the  sides:  spores  verruculose.  —  Suppl.  ii.  1.  44,  t.  113; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  802.  Weissia  Tenqiletoni^  Hook,  in  Curt.  Fl. 
Lond.  i,  t.     l^^unaria  attenuata^  Lindb.  Manip.  Muse.  i.  63. 

Uab.    Swamp  near  Mendocino,  California  (Bolander). 

74.  PUNARIA,  Schreb.  (PI.  3.) 
Habit,  mode  of  growth,  form  of  leaves,  reticulation  and 
calyptra  as  in  the  preceding  genus.  Capsule  gibbous,  obtusely 
pyriform,  narrowed  to  a  more  or  less  elongated  curved  collum ; 
pedicel  generally  long,  straight,  or  arcuate  above;  lid  plano- 
convex ;  annulus  none  or  compound  anr"  revoluble.  Peristome 
rudimentary  or  more  generally  double,  the  outer  of  16  teeth, 
very  hygrometrical,  obliquely  curving  to  the  right,  prominently 
trabeculate  on  the  inner  side  with  purple  striae,  pale  and  granu- 
lose  on  the  outside,  connected  at  the  apex  by  a  small  reticulated 
disk;  inner  membrane  divided  into  16  cilia  opposite  to  the 
outer  teeth  and  adhering  at  the  base,  lanceolate  or  more  or  less 
rudimentary,  yellowish,  with  a  longitudinal  medial  line,  distantly 
papillose.  Sporangium  much  smaller  than  the  capsule,  attached 
to  it  by  loosely  entangled  filaments.     Spores  generally  large. 


Funarla.] 


BRYACE.E. 


201 


*  Peristome  perfect :  annulna  none, 

1.  F.  Americana,  Lin<II>.  Plants  Ninall,  ^r(><;nrioiis  or 
loosely  ct'spitoHc ;  stciiis  very  short :  K'uvi's  half  open,  ohlonij- 
ov.itt',  at'uiniiiati',  loosoly  nri'olati',  borders  lu-arly  oiitiro ;  t'osta 
excurrent :  cajisulo  oivct,  Hul)C(.'rmioiis,  ru;jfuloso  at  the  loiii; 
intlatcMl  coUiiin ;  pedici'l  short,  t\visti'<l  to  the  k'ft  in  its  lower 
part,  to  the  riu;ht  in  the  upper  when  dry;  lid  eoiiieal,  ohtuse. — 
()fvers.  Akad.  xx.  IJUM,  and  xxi.  T)!)? ;  Sulliv.  leoti.  Muse.  Sup|)l. 
80,  t.  19.  J'\  Mahlenf)erf/ii^  Iledw.  fil.  in  Turn.  Muse.  Ilihern. 
lOG  (name  only) ;  SehwaeLfr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  78,  t.  00,  mainly,  exel. 
deser. ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  IJ.  Statt  ,  51. 

II AH.     Pennsylvania  (Mulilcnhcnj,  Juiiu'h). 

2.  P.  Mediterranea,  Lindb.  1.  c.  Plants  ^  to  1  cm.  lon<>:, 
loosely  eespitose :  lower  leaves  distant,  ohlonj^-laneeolate,  de- 
flexed,  the  up])er  open,  ereet  or  spreadin«^,  ovate-oblonuf, 
abruj)tly  narrowed  to  a  Ion}*  filiform  flexuous  aeumen,  ol)- 
scuiely  serrate  or  nearly  entire  above;  costa  vanishinj^  below 
the  apex:  cai)sule  clavate-pyriform;  lid  convex-conieal;  pedicel 
twisted  both  ways  as  in  the  preeedini^  species.  —  F.  Muhlen- 
berffii,  Tur'i.  in  Koen.  &  Sims,  Ann.  Hot.  ii.  198  ;  Hryol.  P^ur. 
t.  303.  I^.  culcarea,  Schimp.  Syn.  320,  excl.  syn. ;  Watson, 
Bot.  Calif,  ii.  388,  in  part. 

II All.    California  {BUielow,  liolander). 

3.  F.  calcarea,  Wahl.  Plants  slightly  larger  than  in  the 
former  species:  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to 
a  straight  acumen,  sharply  serrate:  capsule  obovate,  turgid, 
with  a  long  less  inflated  collum ;  pedicel  longer,  twisted  to  the 
left  its  whole  length.  —  Vet.  Akad.  Ilandl.  xxvii.  137,  t.  4,  f.  2. 
F.  Ilihernica^  Hook,  in  Curt.  Fl.  Lond.  ii,  t. ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  304. 

Hah.    British  America  (Drummond)\  Utah  (WaUon). 

4.  F.  serrata,  Brid.  Plants  short,  dirty  green,  loosely 
eespitose :  leaves  tufted,  oblong-lanceolate  or  lingulate-lanceo- 
late,  short-pointed,  serrate  above;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex:  capsule  pyriform  on  a  long  pedicel  twisted  to  the  left 
when  dry;  lid  convex,  apiculate.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  ill. 
70 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  89,  t.  54. 

Hab.    Moist  clay  banks  and  sand  rocks,  Southern  States. 

5.  F.  Galifornica,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  very  small,  pale 
green,  loosely  eespitose :   stem-leaves  few,  small  and  distant ; 


w 


|i 

WfraliM'! ' 

1 

i   • 

.  'i  ■ 

'i 

i 
1 

202 


BRYACE.E. 


[Funaria. 


upper  Icavos  tufted,  erect,  obloni^,  Hhort-pointed,  concave,  very 
entire;  areolation  more  compact ;  costa  subcontinuouH:  capsule 
erect,  oblonj^  or  obovate,  Hymmetrlcal,  <(ra(lually  narrowlni^  to 
the  Hhort  collinn  ;  pedicel  whort,  utraij^ht,  twisted  to  the  left ;  lid 
convex,  Hubconical.  —  Muhc.  Uor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  Ii38 ; 
Sulliv.  Icon.  3In.sc.  Suppl.  *J(),  t.  IH. 

II All.  Cluy  soil;  Auburn,  Uklah,  etc.,  California  (liolandcr)',  Oregon 
(Hall). 

#  *  Annulus  larr/e,  revolute, 

C.  P.  convoluta,  Ilampo.  Plants  short,  loosely  cespitose: 
outer  leaves  spreading,  with  borders  involute,  the  inner  con- 
volute, and  infoldini^  the  pedicel,  obloni^-ovate,  acute,  entire; 
costa  percurrent:  capsule  obli(|uely  ])yriform,  more  or  less 
plicate;  pedicel  rather  long;  lid  umbonute,  acute.  —  Linnuja, 
XXX.  455. 

IIau.    Sierra  Nevada,  California  (.T".  A.  Jintier). 

Accordlnji  to  the  autlior  this  species  resembles  F.  calvesccns,  Schwaegr., 
differing  In  Its  shorter  leaves  with  a  smaller  areolation,  the  lid  prominently 
umbonate  (not  flat),  and  the  teeth  yellowish,  not  blackish. 

7.  F.  flavicans,  Michx.  Plants  soft,  loosely  cespitoso: 
stem-leaves  distant,  very  small ;  uj>per  leaves  tufted,  large,  very 
soft  and  loosely  areolate,  oblong-spatulate  or  obovate,  entire ; 
costa  percurrent :  ca]isule  curved  downward  or  horizontal,  l)yri- 
form,  gradually  .attenuated  to  a  very  long  j)edicel ;  lid  plano- 
convex, sub.apiculate.  —  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  308;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of 
U.  States,  50,  and  Icon.  Muse.  87,  t.  5.3. 

II An.    Moist  sanily  and  clayey  ground;  Mldille  and  Southern  States. 

It  differs  from  F.  hy(jromeMca  In  the  pale  color  of  the  plants,  espe- 
cially of  the  capsule,  the  leaves  more  abruptly  narrowed  Into  a  long  flex- 
uous  point,  the  mouth  of  the  capsule  more  enlarged  and  less  oblique,  and 
the  spores  larger. 

8.  P.  hygrometrica,  Sibth.  Plants  variable  in  dze, 
simple  or  divided  from  the  base :  comal  leaves  erect,  pressed 
together,  rarely  open,  oblong-ovate,  8hort-]>ointed,  entire,  cos- 
tate  to  the  .apex :  capsule  arched  and  turgi<l  on  the  upper  side, 
pyriform,  coriaceous,  reddish,  deei)ly  furrowed ;  pedicel  very 
long,  flexuous ;  lid  convex,  —  Fl.  Oxon.  288 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  305. 
JInium  hygrometricum^  Linn.  Sj).  PI.  1110. 

Var.  calvescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Leaves  open-spread- 
ing, the  comal  flexuous  on  the  borders,  twisted  when  dry.  —  F. 
calvescensy  Schwaegr.  Supj)].  i.  2.  77,  t.  65. 


Bart.'amht.] 


miYACE.E. 


203 


Vai*.  patula,  nnu'h  *fe  Scliiinp.  C»miJiI  h'avt'H  narrower, 
sprt'adin"^;  costu  percurrciit.  —  /'.  Jiaocntliiy  Aiwl.,  Coult.  IJot. 
CJa/.  i.  'Jt). 

IlAii.  DftH!  Kroiiml,  moist  sand  and  rocks;  very  common.  The  varlo- 
tluH  nioHtly  in  tin;  So  ilhcrn  Slates. 

i).  F.  microstoma,  Uruch  &  Schlmi*.  Differs  from  the 
last  ill  its  smaller  size,  the  eapsule  pyriforiii,  more  tur^x'''  J>"<1 
thicker,  dark  hrowii  and  shinin<;,  the  lid  much  smaller  and 
mamillate,  the  internal  peristome  very  imperfect,  ami  the  spores 
twice  as  lart^e.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  JiOH. 

II An.  Moist  gravelly  ground;  .Soda  Springs  on  the  Upper  Tuolumne, 
California  (Itoluudir);  Illinois  {I'utUrnoUf  iSchncck), 

'CmuK  XL    BAUTUAMIK.K. 

Plants  perennial,  dichotomous  or  branching  by  suhHoral 
innovations.  Leaves  varyin<^  from  ov.'ite-lanceolate  to  subulate, 
costate,  papillose  on  both  faces;  areolation  minute  and  ijuad- 
rato  above,  loose  and  hexai;onal-rectan<jfular  at  base.  Flowers 
bisexual,  moiuecious  or  ditecious,  the  male  ujenerally  discoid  in 
the  dia'cious  species.  Calyptra  small,  cucullate,  very  fugacious. 
Capsule  spherical  or  nearly  so,  without  colluni  or  with  an  indis- 
tinct one,  cernuous  or  rarely  erect,  plaited-striate  when  dry  or 
ran^ly  smooth.  Lid  small,  muticous.  Peristome  none  or  sim- 
])le  or  more  generally  double  with  the  segments  of  the  inner 
membrane  split  into  two  diverging  parts;  cilia  none  or  simple 
and  more  or  less  distinct.     Annulus  none. 

75.  BARTRAMIA,  Iledw.    (PI.  3.) 

Stems  erect  and  dichotomons,  radiculose-tomentose  below. 
Leaves  opaque,  yellowish  green,  half-clasping  or  subdecurrent 
at  base,  serrate  at  the  apex ;  costa  round,  vanishing  with  the 
apex  or  passing  above  it  into  a  point  hispid  on  the  back. 
Capsule  globose  or  broadly  ovate ;  lid  small,  convex  or  obtusely 
pointed.  Teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  attached  to  the  basilar 
membrane  passing  above  the  orifice,  lanceolate,  transversely 
articulate,  lamellate  inside,  marked  on  the  back  by  a  dividing 
line.     Spores  minute,  hispid,  yellowish  brown. 


[m 


hi 


m 


1 

■!^m 

i 

•    ' 

t 

r'AWk 

i. 

ffffl 

204 


UUYACE.E. 


[Ihirlramia, 


•,  f-: 

|: 

1,  M 

f  < 

'1 

i 

1                             1 

•   CiipHule  ererty  sytnnwti'ind :  peristome  none  or  niniple. 

\.  B.  Menziesii,  Turn.  IManN  more  or  Ions  dciiscly  ccHpi* 
toHc;  Hti'iiiH  f)  to  10  (Mil.  loii;{  or  more,  siiiipU'  or  sparingly 
lirancluMl,  hrowii  within  the  tiii'tN,  l)ri<;ht  or  yellowish  ^rceii 
altove :  IfavoH  closi'ly  iiiihricatc,  erect  or  half  open,  eiuicave, 
plieate  aihl  retlexed  oil  the  borders  at  the  enlarj^ed  ovate  base, 
laiieeolate,  HtilMilate-deiitate  ahovu;  cuHtii  Htoiit,  pereurreiit, 
roii^^h  on  the  hack;  perieluetial  leaves  Niinilar;  perii^onial 
broadly  ovate,  deeply  concave  at  base,  abruptly  loiiif-subulale, 
Hcalu'oiis  on  the  back:  flowers  did'cious;  male  |)lants  Hiin|il(*, 
shorter,  the  flowers  terminal  or  lateral  by  innovations,  ^ennna< 
ceons;  antheridia  curved,  yellowish  brown  with  numerous  long 
filiform  paraphyses;  fruitin<j;  flowers  lateral  by  innovations: 
capsule  erect,  broadly  oval,  symmetrical,  pale  brown  ;  pedicel 
short,  1  to  '2  m.m.  lontf,  pale  red  or  dark  yellow,  twisted  to  the 
left;  lid  conical,  obtuse  :  ])eristome  simple,  of  lU  short  lanceolate 
irregularly  articulate  reddish  teetli,  sometimes  rudimentary  or 
none.  —  Koen.  &  Sims,  Ann.  Uot.  i.  525,  t.  11,  f.  1;  Hook. 
Muse.  Exot.  t.  07  ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii,  t.  '240 ;  Siilliv.  & 
Lesq.  Muse.  IJor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  251);  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Suppl.  yy,  t.  20.  G/i/jthocarjHi  JJaueri,  Ilampe,  Linmea,  xxx. 
457. 

IlAH.  California,  not  rare;  Spokan  Falls  ( M'dtson).  The  normal  form 
on  shaded  rocks  in  the  woods,  varyini;  on  dry  exposeil  rocks. 

The  species  varies  according  to  Its  habitat.  On  dry  exposed  rocks  the 
stems  are  shorter,  tlie  slightly  shorter  and  narrower  leaves,  appressed 
when  dry,  are  open  and  erect  when  moistened ;  tlie  capsule  is  somewhat 
longer  and  narrower;  the  peristome  either  wanting  or  fragmentary  and 
reduced  to  a  pellucid  membrane  more  or  less  irregularly  lacerated.  This 
is  the  variety  n.  200  of  the  Muse.  Exsicc.  (n.  251)  by  mistake),  and  repre- 
sents Gli/phocarpa  llnnerl.  It  Is  not  possible  to  ascertain  which  of  the 
two  forms  represents  the  original  species  of  Hooker,  as  no  author  appears 
to  have  seen  the  peristome  complete.  The  specimens  In  Taylor's  herba- 
rium have  longer  stems  and  short  oval  capsule,  like  the  normal  form,  but 
no  peristome,  and  therefore  combine  characters  of  both  forms. 

2.  B.  subulata,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  in  short  com- 
pact tufts  ;  stems  slender :  upper  leaves  more  densely  crowded, 
erect-open,  strict,  rigid,  glaucous-green  when  young,  linear- 
subulate  and  sharply  serrate  above  the  ovate  half-clasping  base; 
costa  subpercurrent :  flowers  androgynous :  antheridia  mixed 
with  the  archegonia  or  separated  by  a  single  leaf  only :  capsule 
on  a  strict  short  reddish  pedicel,  globose-ovate,  marked  from 


liartrnmln.] 


DHYACF.K. 


205 


till'  m'nMIt'  iipwiinl  with  olmcuri'  Htiiji*,  f»rn»w»'(l-|>lu'alt'  wlu'ii 
dry  iiikI  «'rnj>ty  ;  lul  small,  convrx,  conical ;  tvvtU  cither  jtrcst'iit, 
narrow,  iiii«'(|iial  aii<l  orani;c-colori>(l,  or  absent  an<l  the  oriticu 
Hiirrotin<lc«I  by  a  short  thin  jicllucitl  membrane.  —  Bryol.  Kur. 

t.  aia. 

IIaii.  Co\ovm\o  [lininih'jce);  Sitka  {Itothrock);  Flower  liny,  Alanka 
{IhiU). 

8.  B.  dtricta,  Hri*!.  Tufts  compact,  uflauconM-urceii  above  : 
leaves  «»|ien,  erect,  strict,  straight  and  t'ra^^ile  when  dry,  lanceo- 
late-subulate,  serrate  above;  meshes  of  the  areolation  smaller 
than  in  the  precedin;^  species;  <'osta  excnrrcnt  into  a  spinescent 
awn:  tlowerw  bisexual:  capsule  ovate-n^lobose,  cre<t,  rarely 
slij^htly  ccrmjous,  sidcate-ribbed  when  dry;  pedicel  strict, 
obscurely  tetraj^onal  above  and  twisted  to  the  ri.uht ;  lid  con- 
vex, obtuse,  short-niamillate  and  erosc ;  teeth  either  rejjular 
and  entire  or  irrej^ular  at  the  borders,  perforati'*]  aloni;  the 
dividiim  line,  yellow:  sp<»res  verrucose. —  Muse.  Kecent.  ii.  ii. 
132,  t.  1,  f.  5;  IJryol.  p:ur.  t.  JJIO. 

II AH.  Ivocks  noar  San  Francisco  {Jiuldtulcr,  GibhonH)\  Colorado 
{Parry). 

*  *   Capsdle  curved ;  lid  oblique  ;  perintome  double. 

4.  B.  ithyphylla,  JJrid.  I.  c.  Stems  lonj,'er  than  in  tho 
last:  leaves  open-erect,  strict,  enlarijcd,  white  and  claspini^  at 
base,  linear-subulate  an«l  coarsely  serrate  above;  costa  thick, 
gradually  occupying  the  whole  lamina  above  :  flowers  isexual: 
capsule  globose-oblong,  more  <listinctly  curved  and  deeply  fur- 
rowed when  <lry ;  lid  conical-obtuse  ;  teeth  reddish  brown,  irreg- 
ularly perforated,  sometimes  bifid  at  the  apex ;  inner  segmentH 
yellow,  cleft,  much  shorter  than  the  teeth.  —  liryol.  Eur.  t.  317. 

II AH.  Fissures  of  rocks  on  mountains;  White  Mountains,  Adiron- 
(lacks,  l?ocky  Mountains,  Sierra  Nevada  and  Cascade  Moiuitains,  Sitka, 
etc.  Also  rarely  on  the  plains;  Fayette  County,  Peinisylvania  (Kiihjht). 
Varies  with  shorter  fra,^ile  leaves,  not  as  ..  hite  at  the  base,  and  not  as 
abruptly  narrowed  above  it. 

5.  B.  Gideriana,  Swartz.  Plants  slender,  loosely  ttifted, 
dark  green  above :  leaves  open  and  recurved,  soft,  twisted  when 
dry,  narrowly  lanceolate,  plicate,  earinate  and  serrate  toward  the 
apex ;  borders  more  or  less  revolute ;  costa  narrow,  percurrent, 
serrate  on  the  back  above :  flowers  bisexual :  capstile  small, 
globose  or  ovate-oblong,  incurved  and  ribbed  when  dry ;  pedi- 
cel slender  and  slightly  curved,  of  medium  length;   lid  and 


to 


u 


^ 


'i5  t 


)■■;' 


f  ^1 


1  '     ''     ' 

i  *    i' 

1         '     ' 

1    '          ^ 

■ 

■  ■'■  ! 

1 

1 

1 

1      !     ! 
1           \ 

i 

|M:li:, 


1 

i 
1 
1 

■  i 

i:i:„ 

206 


BRYACE/E. 


[Bartramia. 


peristome  as  in  the  following.  —  Schracl.  Journ.  Bot.  iv.  180. 
Ji.  f/racilis,  Floerke ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  508.  H.  (Ederi^  Sebwaegr. 
Suppl.  i.  2.  49,  t.  59;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  318. 

Had.  On  wet  rocks  in  mountains,  or  northward,  from  New  England  to 
tlic  Ho'?ky  Mountains  and  Canada. 

Variable,  in  more  or  less  compact  densely  tcmentose  tufts.  The  dark 
preen  color  of  the  tutts,  tiie  slender  Ptems,  and  the  shorter  leaves  give  to 
this  moss  an  appearance  different  from  that  of  the  following  species. 

C.  B.  pomiformis,  Iledw.  Tufts  deep,  flat  and  wide,  or 
smaller  and  pulvinate,  yellowish  green  above,  ])ale  brown  and 
tomentose  within:  leives  open  or  erect-spreading,  curved  or 
cirrhate  when  dry,  lanceolate,  carinate,  sharply  serrate  above, 
the  borders  revolute  from  the  middle  downward ;  costa  j)er- 
current  or  excurrent  into  a  short  spinulose  awn :  flowers  an- 
drogynous (male  and  female  flowers  contiguous)  :  capsule 
.-.pherical,  long-pedicellate ;  outer  teeth  regular,  densely  articu- 
late; segments  shorter  than  the  teeth,  cleft  oj)en  ;  cilia  simple, 
short  or  rudimentary.  —  Spec.  Muse.  164 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  319. 
Hryum  poniiforme^  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1115. 

Var.  crispa,  Schimp.  Stems  and  leaves  longer,  narrower, 
cirrhate-twisted  when  dry :  capsule  short-pedicellaie.  —  B. 
crispuy  Swartz. 

Has.  Shady  banks  and  fissures  of  rocks;  common  on  the  eastern 
slope,  in  valleys  and  mountains;  Columbia  River,  Oregon  {Hall,  Nevius). 

7.  B.  Halleriana,  Hedw.  Plants  soft,  in  bright  green 
tufts:  leaves  long,  naiTowly  subulate  from  an  enlarged  whitish 
lialf-clasping  base,  serrulate  above,  spreading  all  around  the 
stems  or  inclined  on  one  side,  flexuous  when  dry :  flowers  as  in 
the  preceding  species :  capsule  on  a  short  curving  pedicel,  often 
binate,  becoming  lateral  or  as  if  axillary  by  the  continuous  inno- 
vations of  the  stems,  pale  brown ;  lid  very  small,  convex-coni- 
cal ;  teeth  dark  brown,  incurved  when  dry.  —  Muse.  Frond,  ii. 
Ill,  t.  40  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  320. 

Hab.    Rocky  Mountains,  Portage  River  (Drifntmond). 

8.  B.  radicalis,  Beau  v.  Plants  soft,  loosely  tufted,  glau- 
cous-green, lomentose  their  whole  length ;  stems  short,  prostrate 
at  base,  branching  from  below  the  floriferous  apex  :  leaves 
erect,  open  and  subsecund,  linear-lanceolate,  cuspidate  by  the 
excurrent  costa,  sharply  serrate,  papillose  on  the  inner  face 
only ;  perichsetial  broadly  ovate,  abruptly  and  narrowly  long- 
aouminate  from  the   eula^'ged  base :   flowers  monoecious,  the 


m 


I  iiA 


Conoatomum.] 


BRYACE^. 


207 


male  gemmacoous,  close  to  the  fertile  ones ;  pcrigonial  leaves 
broadly  coijicave  at  base,  long-subulate  above :  capsule  on  a  long 
slender  flexuous  pedicel,  globose,  subhorizontal ;  lid  very  small, 
conical-apiculate ;  teeth  lanceolate-subulate  at  the  apex,  dark 
orange,  longer  than  the  segments;  cilia  short  or  rudimentary. 
—  Prodr.  44 ;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  50,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
85,  t.  52. 

Had.  On  the  ground  in  wet  springy  places  and  margins  of  swamps  in 
the  Southern  States;  not  uncommon. 

Allied  to  li.  rigida,  a  European  species,  which  has  less  linear  leaves 
with  only  the  lower  surface  papillose,  refloxed  margins,  a  thicker  shorter 
pedicel,  and  an  oblong-globose  capsule  with  a  thicker  outer  membrane. 

B.  WiLSONi,  Muell.,  is  reported  in  Rau  &  Ilervey's  catalogue  as  found 
in  New  .Jersey  by  Austin.  We  have  seen  no  other  mention  and  no  speci- 
mens of  it.  It  is  a  small  plant,  with  soft  subsecund  leaves;  capsules  ag- 
gregated in  the  same  perichoetlum,  very  soft,  on  arcuate  pedicels,  globose- 
pyriform,  without  peristome. 

76.  OONOSTOMUM,  Swartz.  (PI.  3.) 
Plants  erect,  in  small  compact  tufts,  fastigiately  branching, 
tomentose-radiculose.  Stem-leaves  equal,  the  comal  longer, 
densely  crowded,  imbricate  in  five  ranks,  the  stem  appearing 
pentagonal ;  areolation  of  the  leaves  the  same  as  in  Bartramia. 
Flowers  dicEcious,  the  male  discoid.  Calyi)tra  cucullate,  per- 
sistent. Capsule  long-pedicellate,  cernuous,  inflated,  obovate 
from  a  short  collum ;  lid  small,  straight-beaked.  Peristome 
simple,  of  16  solid  linear-lanceolate  teeth,  joined  into  a  cone 
and  agglutinate  at  the  apex. 

1.  0.  boreale,  Swartz.  Tufts  glaucous-green  above :  lower 
leaves  lanceolate,  costate  to  below  the  apex,  the  upper  narrowly 
lanceolate,  longer  cus[)idate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  .'^11  carinate, 
serrate  above,  opaque  and  brittle ;  perichaetial  leaves  numerous, 
larger,  thinner,  with  a  slender  costa ;  outer  perigonial  leaves 
lanceolate  from  a  broadly  concave  base,  the  inner  gradually 
shorter :  capsule  sulcatc  when  dry,  cernuous ;  teeth  latticed, 
purple.  —  Schrad.  Neu.  Journ.  Bot.  i.  3.  26,  t.  4.  Bryum  tetrag- 
onum^  Dicks.  Fasc.  Crypt,  ii.  8,  t.  4.  Bartramia  conostoma, 
Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  322. 

Hab.  White  Mountains  {Oakes,  James);  Adirondack  Mountains 
(Lesquereux);  Rocky  Mountains  (Drummond) ;  Alaska  (Dall). 


s 


5  :^    £1 


i 


M 


Nil! 


208 


BRYACE^. 


[PkilonoiiB. 


77.  PHILONOTIS,  Brid. 

i 

Plants  short,  reclining  at  base,  or  long  and  ereci,  branching 
by  dichotonious  innovations  and  by  fasciculate  branchlets  ver- 
ticillate  in  fours  at  the  floriferous  apex,  radiculose-tonientose. 
Stem-leaves  nearly  equal,  small  for  the  size  of  the  plants,  erect 
or  a  little  inclined  to  one  side,  lanceolate,  sharply  serrate,  papil- 
lose on  the  angles  of  the  areoles.  Flowers  monoDcious  and 
diujcious,  the  male  discoid  in  the  dia'cious  plants.  Capsule 
long-pedicelled,  cernuous,  globose,  striate.  Lid  small,  oblique. 
Inner  peristome  distinctly  ciliate. 

1.  P.  Muhlenbergii,  Brid.  Diu?cious:  plants  loosely  and 
widely  cespitose ;  branches  numerous,  nearly  simple,  slender, 
tlexuous,  with  fasciculate  branchlets:  stem-leaves  erect,  sub- 
secund  on  the  fruiting  stems,  lanceolate,  acute,  remotely  cir- 
rhate,  bright  green ;  costa  thick,  rusty,  excurrent ;  inner  perichie- 
ti.al  leaves  much  smaller,  lanceolate,  obtuse,  tender,  whitish, 
strongly  nerved :  capsule  globose,  horizontal,  very  short- 
necked,  ribbed ;  lid  convex,  acuminate  or  mucronate ;  segments 
nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth ;  cilia  2,  short,  rudimentary.  — 
Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  22.  Bartramia  3fuhl€nbergii^  Schwaegr. 
Suppl.  i.  2.  58,  t.  61,  JB.  Marchica^  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  49. 

Var.  tenella,  Brid.  Very  small,  densely  cespitose ;  branch- 
lets  5  to  10,  unequal,  secund  or  recurved,  short  and  slender: 
leaves  short,  lanceolate;  capsule  globose-oblong.  —  Bartramia 
tenella^  Muell.  Syn.  i.  481. 

Hab.  Springs  in  sandy  hills  and  rocks;  common  in  Ohio  and  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  variety  is  given  in  Rau  &  Hervey's  catalogue  on  Austin's 
authority  as  from  Florida.    It  is  a  West  Indian  and  South  American  form. 

The  characters  indicated  by  Schwaegrichen  and  Mueller  as  separating 
this  species  from  P.  Marchica,  Brid.,  are  not  important.  They  consist 
merely  in  the  numerous  long  simple  slender  fasciculate  branches,  which 
in  P.  Marchica  are  described  as  of  various  lengths,  and  in  the  inner  peri- 
choitial  leaves  much  smaller  than  the  external  ones,  obtuse,  strongly 
nerved  and  whitish,  while  in  P.  Marchica  they  are  as  long  or  even  longer. 

2.  P.  Macounii.  Plants  very  short  and  slender,  loosely 
cespitose,  dirty  or  yellowish  green:  leaves  narrowly  ovate- 
lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  subulate,  strongly  serrate  and  flex- 
uous   to   the   apex ;    areolation    quadi-ate,  slightly   papillose ; 


Philonotia.] 


BRYACE.E. 


209 


branch-leaves  smaller,  subfalcate ;  perigonial  leaves  open-erect 
or  somewhat  spreading,  fle  luous,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  a 
broadly  oval  much  enlarged  base;  perichajtial  leaves  longer, 
striate,  subulate :  capsule  ovate  or  subglobose,  greenish  yellow, 
cernuous,  on  a  short  thick  blood-red  pedicel ;  lid  conical,  acute ; 
segments  a  little  shorter  than  the  teeth ;  cilia  none. 

Hah.    Vancouver  Island  (Macoiin). 

A  slender  delicate  species  related  to  P.  Muhlenberr/ii,  differing  in  the 
lon<;er-aeuininate  subulate  leaves,  with  shorter  quadrate  and  less  papillose 
areolatlon,  the  perigonial  leaves  longer  and  acuminate,  flexuous  at  the 
point,  etc.  The  form  of  the  capsule  is  the  same;  the  pedicel  shorter, 
thick,  not  geniculate  at  base. 

3.  P.  fontana,  Brid.  In  wide  more  or  less  compact  yel- 
lowisli  green  tufts;  s^jms  long,  simple  or  dichotomous ;  branch- 
lets  verticillate,  nearly  equal :  leaves  often  of  two  forms,  either 
small,  ov<ate,  obtusely  pointed  and  apprcssed  to  the  stems,  or 
larger,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  erect  and  open  or  socund ;  costa 
excurrent  into  a  short  bristly  point ;  perichsetial  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  plicate  at  the  base,  all  serrate,  papillose,  glaucous- 
green  and  opaque :  male  flowers  broadly  discoid ;  inner  peri- 
gonial leaves  ovate,  lanceolate,  spreading  above  the  erect  con- 
cave base,  blunt  or  subacute,  densely  serrate  :  capsule  on  a  long 
solid  slightly  flexuous  pedicel,  cernuous,  ovate-globose,  of  thick 
texture,  striate,  longer  oblong  and  ribbed  when  old  ;  lid  convex- 
conical,  acute;  teeth  purple,  lanceolate;  cilia  two,  as  long  as 
the  segments.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  18.  Mnium  fontatmm^  Linn. 
Spec.  PI.  1110.  Bartramia  fontana^  Swartz,  in  Schrad.  Journ. 
Bot.  ii.  180  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  324;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 

Var.  alpina,  Brid.  Plants  short,  densely  foliate :  leaves 
shorter,  ovate-lanceolate :  capsule  shorter  pedicelled. 

Var,  falcata,  Brid.  Branches  curved  at  top  :  leaves  1  >nger, 
falcate ;  costa  thick,  light  brown. 

II An.  On  the  borders  of  springs  and  rivulets,  and  on  moist  rocks;  very 
common.  The  first  variety  on  high  mountains,  the  second  near  springs 
in  valleys  and  on  mountains;  not  common. 

4.  P.  calcarea,  Schimp.  Much  like  the  last,  differing  in 
its  thicker  wider  bright  green  tufts  and  more  robust  stems ; 
leaves  larger,  crowded,  secund  or  falcate-secund,  ovate-lanceo- 
late, those  of  the  male  branches  often  smaller  and  imbricate, 
all  loosely  areolate  with  a  stouter  costa,  the  perigonium  large 
and  open,  and  the  involucral  leaves  long-lanceolate  from  an  en- 


If! 


p.,  i-fl 
t^  I  fl 


y  ■ 


210 


BRYACEiE. 


[Philonoiia, 


largod  base,  acute,  the  costa  projecting  on  the  upper  face :  cap- 
sule on  a  very  long  subflexuous  pedicel,  oval-globose  or  exactly 
spherical,  oblong,  curved  and  closely  furrowed  when  dry  ;  teeth 
shorter,  more  distantly  .articulate,  and  the  cilia  nearly  half  as 
long  as  the  segments.  —  Coroll.  8G.  JJartramia  calcarea^  Bruch 
&  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  325 ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  475. 

Had.  Calcareous  springs,  hills  and  mountains;  rare.  White  Moun- 
tains {Oakea) ;  Iluniholilt  MountairiS,  Nevada,  and  in  the  Uintas  (  Watson). 

The  Iiabitat  of  this  species  in  North  America  is  still  uncertain.  The 
specimens  that  were  determined  and  distributcu  under  this  nainr  in  Sulliv. 
&  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  250,  have  been  considered 
by  Schimper  as  a  marked  variety  of  P.  fontana,  or  as  an  intermediate 
form. 

5.  P.  Mohriana.  Dicecious :  the  stems  short  and  stout, 
densely  foliate,  radiculose  below  ;  branches  thick,  unequal,  gen- 
erally short,  strict:  stem-leaves  also  very  strict,  oi>en  in  a  dry 
or  humid  state,  dirty  yellow,  broadly  and  exactly  lanceolate, 
long-acuminate,  indistinctly  plicate  lengthwise,  irregularly  con- 
cave at  base ;  borders  narrowly  revolute,  densely  serrulate- 
denticulate  at  the  apex,  nodulose  in  the  lower  part  by  project- 
ing papilla) ;  costa  deeply  canaliculate,  excurrent  into  an  awn- 
like point ;  cells  of  the  areolation  long,  narrow,  linear-punctate, 
papillose ;  pericha3tial  leaves  similar,  broader  at  base,  loosely 
reticulate :  capsule  on  a  flexuous  stout  red  pedicel  as  long  as 
the  stem,  slightly  oblique,  larger,  globose,  plicate ;  lid  minute, 
umbonate ;  peristome  double,  normal.  —  Bartramia  Mohriana., 
Muell.,  liegensb.  Flora,  Ivi.  482  (1873). 

Hab.    Decayed  trunlcs  in  deep  woods;  Louisiana  (3/o/ir). 

Differing  from  P.  fontana  and  P.  calcarea  in  its  short  stature,  and  the 
leaves  very  strict,  lanceolate,  loosely  reticulate  and  very  papillose.  Dr. 
Mohr  remarks  in  a  letter  that  the  species  is  very  near  P.  Schlumberr/eri, 
a  Mexican  species,  and  that  he  is  in  doubt  of  its  being  North  American, 
having  failed  to  find  it  again  in  Louisiana. 


Tribe  XII.    MEESIE^. 

Plants  varying  in  size,  simple  or  branching  by  innovations, 
radiculose-tomentose.  Leaves  3-8-ranked,  lanceolate  or  linear- 
oblong.  Calyptra  fugacious.  Capsule  long-pedicellate  and 
long-necked.  Lid  small,  convex  or  conical.  Peristome  double ; 
teeth  of  the  outer  much  shorter  than  the  carinate-plicate  inner 
membrane  (absent  in  Catoscopium)^  which  is  divided  into  16 


Amblyodon.] 


BRYACE.E. 


211 


segments,  sometimes  partly  cohering  by  the  lacerate  borders ; 
cilia  none  or  rudimentary. 

78.  OATOSOOPIUM,  Brid. 

Plants  slender.  Leaves  open,  erect,  lanceolate,  acutely  acu- 
minate with  a  strong  percurrent  costa ;  pcriclwetial  leaves 
longer,  half-sheathing  to  the  middle ;  areolation  small,  quad- 
rate-oblong or  rectangular,  0[)aque.  Flowers  liceeious,  the 
male  geminiform.  Calyptra  long,  narrowly  cucullate.  Ca))- 
sule  small,  globose,  thick,  dark  brown,  black  when  old,  polished, 
uarrowed  by  its  short  collum  to  the  twisted  pedicel  (1  or  2  cm. 
long).  Lid  short,  conical,  obtuse.  Peristome  simj)le ;  teeth 
short,  irregular,  punctulate.    Annulus  none. 

1.  O.  nigritum,  Brid.  The  only  species,  with  the  char- 
acters of  the  genus.  —  Bryol.  L^niv.  i.  3G8,  t.  4 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  313.      Weisia  nigrita^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  97,  t.  30. 

IIab.  Lake  Superior,  in  boggy  meadows  (Aijussiz);  Lalce  Huron, 
Ontario  (Macoun). 

A  very  rare  species  in  North  America,  easily  known  by  its  small  globose 
blackish  capsules,  resembling  piiiheads.  The  genus,  thougli  abnormal  in 
its  characters,  is  mor(t  nearly  related  to  the  Meesiem  than  to  any  other 
group  of  mosses. 

79.  AMBLYODON.  Beauv. 

Plants  short.  Leaves  remote,  few,  the  upper  tufted,  all  thin, 
soft,  very  loosely  areolate.  Flowers  bisexual  and  unisexual  on 
the  same  plants,  the  male  with  few  or  no  archegonia.  Capsule 
thin,  stomatose.  Lid  narrowly  conical.  Teeth  half  as  long  as 
the  narrow  segments  ;  cilia  none. 

1.  ^.  dealbatus,  Beauv.  Leaves  oblong-ovate  and  Ungu- 
late-lanceolate, the  comal  only  minutely  serrate  toward  the 
acuminate  apex,  whitish  when  old,  twisted  when  dry;  costa 
dirty  brown,  vanishing  below  the  apex:  capsule  soft,  long- 
pyriform,  turgid  and  attenuated  to  a  long  neck,  which  is 
abruptly  narrowed  to  a  long  fleshy  pedicel,  twisted  to  the  left 
when  dry:  spores  large.  —  Prodr.  41;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  307. 
Bryum  dealbatuniy  Dicks.  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  8,  t.  5.     Meesia 


'ill 


m 


'  \  % 

H 

?i 

I 

1 

1 

imII 

H; 

ihhU 

^K 

^^ 


m: 


212 


BRYACE^. 


[Jfeesia. 


dealhatn^  Ilodw.  Spec.  Muse.  174,  t.  41.  Meeaia  Macoimii^ 
Aust.  Hull.  Ton-.  Club,  v.  22. 

II All.  l{jnk'rs  of  rivulets  in  peatbogs;  Milwaukie  {Lesqnereux,  Lap- 
liKin);  ('oloiiulo  (Itidhrock,  Wo\J')\  clay  ground  arouud  boiling  springs, 
I'eace  liiver  eoinitry  (Macomi). 

An  examination  of  the  speciujens  described  as  Meeaia  Macnunii  provt's 
them  to  be  evhlcntly  ordinary  Ambli/odon  dealhatitH.  Though  the 
medial  nerve  is  said  to  extend  into  the  apex  it  is  found  in  all  the  leaves  to 
vanish  below  it,  us  in  the  normal  foim.  The  specimens  are  in  a  poor 
state  of  preservation,  but  are  identifiable. 

80.  MEESIA,  Ilcdw.  (PI.  3.) 
Stems  long,  densely  eespitose,  with  few  branches;  innova- 
tions fi'om  under  the  flowers.  Leaves  long,  linear,  narrowly 
lanceolate;  nieslies  of  the  areolation  small,  rectangular-hex- 
agonal, clilorophyllose.  Flowers  bisexual,  monoecious  or  dicc- 
cious,  the  male  discoid  with  clavate  paraphyses.  Caly[)tra 
ciicullate,  fugacious.  Capsule  cernuous  from  the  erect  collum, 
clavate,  thick-walle<l,  with  a  small  orifice.  Annulus  simple  or 
none. 

1.  M.  uliginosa,  Hedw.  Synoeeious:  in  dense  short  tufts, 
green  above,  ent.'uigled  in  a  felt  of  brown  radicles:  leaves  8- 
ranked,  gradually  longer  upwjird,  the  comal  long-linear,  all 
blunt  or  obtuse,  the  borders  entire  and  revolute ;  costa  thick, 
vanishing  below  the  apex :  capsule  incurved,  narrowly  j^yrifortn, 
chestnut-color;  lid  conical-umbonate ;  peristome  orange ;  annu- 
lus simple.  —  Muse.  Frond,  i.  1,  t.  1 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  308.  Ata- 
bli/odnm  ulif/lnosum^  Beau  v.  Prodr.  41. 

Var.  alpina,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  More  densely  tufted : 
leaves  strict  or  turned  to  one  side :  capsule  and  pedicel  shorter. 
—  Jf.  afpina,  Funck. 

Var.  minor,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  short: leaves  erect, 
short,  muticous  :  capsule  short,  thick,  and  short-pedicelled.  —  J/. 
rninor^  Brid. 

Hah.  Boggy  places  and  in  wet  fissures  of  rocks  on  mountains;  Minne- 
sota, Ontario,  etc.,  not  rare;  the  varieties  in  the  White  Mountains. 

2.  M.  longiseta,  Hedw.  Synoeeious:  stems  long,  simple: 
leaves  remote,  the  lower  lanceolate,  shorter,  the  upper  long- 
lanceolate,  all  slightly  decurrent,  open,  crisjiate  when  dry ; 
borders  plane,  very  entire ;  costa  vanishing  below  or  within  the 


PuliuU'lln.] 


DIIYACE.E. 


213 


acute  apex  :  capsule  erect,  obloiiij-pyrlfonn  at  tlie  collum,  cer- 
nuous  above,  very  long-pedieelled,  pale  brown;  li<l  conical- 
obtuse;  teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  not  half  as  long  as  the 
segments;  annulus  sim])le.  —  Muse.  Frond,  i.  30,  t.  lil,  22; 
Brvol.  Eur.  t.  309. 
II  All.    Cranberry  swamps  in  Xorthern  Oliio;  not  rare. 

3.  M,  Albertinii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  3Ion(ecious :  shorter 
and  more  slender  than  the  preceding:  leaves  carinate,  blunt  or 
acute  at  the  apex,  tlie  borders  reflexe<l:  tlouers  all  unisexual: 
pedicel  and  collum  shorter;  lid  umbonate;  teeth  very  short, 
perforated  in  the  mi<l<lle  or  bitid,  scarcely  one-third  as  long  as 
the  segments;  annulus  none.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  310. 

IIau.    Swaujps  near  York  J'actory,  Uritish  America  {Drummond). 

4.  M.  tristicha,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Ditrcious:  plants 
widely  and  loosely  cespitose,  very  long,  dark  green :  leaves 
three-ranked,  distant,  more  crowded  toward  the  apex,  half- 
clasping  and  decurrent  at  base,  squarrose,  carinate,  sharply  den- 
tate on  the  borders,  the  comal  longer  and  narrower:  male 
flowers  discoid ;  perichtetium  trigonal,  composed  of  six  leaves, 
narrowly  acuminate  from  a  very  broad  base :  capsule  on  a  very 
long  pedicel,  pyriform,  incurved  from  the  long  erect  collum; 
lid  convex-conical,  Jilveolate;  teeth  short,  unequal,  often  bifid; 
segments  appendiculate,  linear,  very  long,  three  times  as  long 
as  the  teeth,  dirty  yellow:  spores  small.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  311. 
Milium  tri(/uetrum,  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1114. 

II AB.  Peat  bogs,  generally  with  M.  longiseta.  Lake  Superior  (Jfifrtssiz^ 
Porter)]  Closter,  New  Jersey  {Austin);  Washington  Terr.  (Lyall);  rare. 

81.  PALUDELLA,  Ehrh. 
Plants  loosely  and  widely  cespitose :  stems  simple  or  dividing 
by  a  simple  shoot  under  the  apex,  tomentose-radiculose.  Leaves 
all  equal,  close,  five-ranked,  decurrent,  erect  to  the  middle  and 
there  abruptly  reflexed,  acutely  carinate,  irregularly  denticulate 
toward  the  apex  and  radiculose  at  base;  perichajtial  leaves 
erect,  narrower,  flexuous,  subvaginate ;  areolation  round-hex.ig- 
onal,  dense.  Flowers  dioecious,  the  male  discoid  :  perigonial 
leaves  broadly  ovate,  apiculate.  Calyptra  long,  very  narrow, 
fugacious.  Capsule  long-pedicellate,  short-necked,  erect  or  sub- 
cernuous,  oblong,  smooth  when  dry.    Lid  convex,  short-apicu- 


nil 


jiij 


,    ,1 1, 


214 


BRYACEiE. 


[Paludella. 


late.     Poristomc  as  in  Wtbera,  the  outer  teeth  as  long  as  the 
carinate  linear  segments ;  cilia  none.     Annulus  double. 

1.  P.  squarrosa,  Bri<l.  Characters  of  the  genus.  —  JNIusc. 
l{ocent.  Suitpl.  iii.  72 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  312.  JJrt/um  equarroaum, 
IKmIw.  Spec.  Muse.  ISO,  t.  44. 

II All.  lioiiH  in  the  Kocky  Mountains  {Dnirnmond)\  Herkimer  County, 
New  York  (Uaii).    A  very  rare  and  beautiful  moss. 


li 


Tribe  XIII.    BRYE^E. 

Plants  varying  in  size.  Stems  simple,  branching  by  innova* 
tions,  more  or  less  railiculose.  Leaves  costate,  often  dentate ; 
areolation  nearly  uniform,  j)arenchymato8e  in  the  whole  lamina 
or  prosenchyniatose  toward  the  a])ex,  generally  smooth.  Male 
flow(?r8  gemmiform  c.  discoid.  Calyptra  cucullate,  smooth. 
Capsule  globose  or  ovate  or  pyriform,  cernuous  or  horizontal  or 
pendent,  rarely  erect,  with  a  distinct  stomatose  collum,  long- 
j>edicellate.  Lid  mamillate,  rarely  rostrate.  Peristome  rarely 
absent  or  8im])le,  generally  double  and  large ;  outer  teeth  trans- 
versely barred,  marked  externally  and  lengthwise  by  a  medial 
line,  the  inner  formed  by  the  keeled  lanceolate  segments  of  the 
basilar  membrane,  alternating  with  the  outer  teeth,  sometimes 
adherent  to  them,  separated  or  not  by  one  to  three  filiform 
cilia,  either  nodose  or  appendiculate. 

82.  MIELIOHHOPERIA,  Hornsch. 
Flowers  lateral  at  or  above  the  base  of  the  stem  or  of  the 
annual  innovations.  Leaves  lanceolate,  shining,  serrate;  areo- 
lation narrowly  hexagonal-rhomboidal  or  linear,  uniform.  Male 
flowers  gemmiform  or  the  antheridia  in  the  axils  of  perichaetial 
leaves.  Calyptra  cuculliform,  very  small  and  fugacious.  Peri- 
stome simple,  of  16  narrow  distantly  trabeculate  teeth  proceed- 
ing from  an  internal  carinately  16-plicate  membrane.  Annulus 
large. 

1.  M.  nitida,  Nees  &  Hornsch.  Dioecious :  plants  in  com- 
pact tufts ;  stems  divided  into  fastigiate  slender  filiform  innovar 


L('j)tobri/nm.\ 


BUYACE.B. 


215 


( 


tioiis:  It'avi's  Hinall,  erect,  imbricate  when  ilry,  lanceolate,  coh- 
tate  to  near  the  siiarply  werrate  apex  :  capsule  pyrit'orni  or  oval, 
with  a  loni^  colliun,  Hyininetrical,  erect  or  ohiiipie ;  pedicel 
slender,  Hexnous;  lid  8hort-conical,  obtuse;  peristome  Hiniple ; 
teeth  narrowly  Hneur,  with  nodose  articulations,  yellowish ; 
annuluH  compound,  rev«)lul>le.  —  Hryol.  (ierm.  ii.  183,  t.  41; 
IJryol.  Eur.  t.  3'J8.  Weisia  Mielichhoferi^  Hook.  Muse.  Kxot. 
t.  10. 

Var.  macrocarpa,  3Iuell.     Leaves  more  obtuse:  innova- 
tions clavate  and  more  densely  foliate.  —  Syn.  i.  liJi5.      M'eisia 
macrocui'pa,  Drnmm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  74. 
11 AU.     Kucky  Muuntaiiis  (iJnuninond). 

83.  LEPTOBRYUM,  Schimp. 
Plants  slender,  radiculose  at  base.  Leaves  narrow,  flexuous, 
subulate,  j^dossy;  areolation  (as  in  Wef/ent)  linear-rhomboidal 
above,  the  lower  looser,  rectangular-hexagonal.  Flowers  bisex- 
ual. Calyptra  very  small.  Capsule  inclined  or  pen<leut.  Lid 
mamillate.  Peristome  double ;  articulations  of  the  intermediate 
cilia  ajjpendiciilate.     Sporangium  smaller  than  in  Jiri/um. 

1.  L.  pyriforme,  Schimp.  Plants  loosely  cespitose,  soft, 
green,  glossy ;  stem  short :  lower  leaves  distant,  narrowly 
lanceolate,  the  npper  tufted,  much  longer,  lanceolate-subul.nte, 
more  or  less  serrate  toward  the  apex ;  basilar  areolation  some- 
what broader  than  the  upper;  costa  excurrent:  capsule  oval- 
globose,  long-necked,  yellowish  brown,  glossy ;  pedicel  long  and 
slender;  lid  apiculate  from  a  conical  base;  annulus  large.— 
Coroll.  64.  Milium  pyriforme^  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1112.  Bryum 
pyriforme^  Iledw. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  355 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  44.  Wehera  pyriformis^  Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  5, 
t.  3. 

Had.  On  sandy  shaded  ground,  burnt  and  decaying  trees,  etc. ;  very 
common. 

84.  WEBERA,  Hedw. 

Stem?  slender.    Leaves  lanceolate,  glossy;  areolation  rhom- 

boidal-hexagonal,  narrow,  more  or  less  linear. 

The  areolation  of  the  glossy  leaves  and  a  more  slender  costa  are  the 
essential  characters  separating  this  genus  from  Bryum. 


^h 


VM 


m 


m 


216 


BKYACKJS. 


[ ]Vebera, 


SUHGENUS  I.     POIILIA. 
Lowor  k'nvfs  Binall,  diHtaiit,  the  upper  much  lonpor,  tufte<l. 
CapMuIe  Um^^-iiecked,  cernuouH  or  horixotital.     Iniior  membrane 
narrow,  with  the  Hej^ments  ontire,  and  eilia  none  or  very  short. 

*  J'^ltyieera  tnomeciouiiy  the  male  yetmniforni  and  ternnnal. 

1.  W.  acuminata,  Sehim|).  Lower  leaves  erect,  the 
upper  linear-lanceolate,  irregularly  dentate  at  the  ap<'x;  borders 
retlexed  toward  the  bawe;  costa  vanishinir  under  the  apex  or 
excurrent :  capsule  narrowly  elliptical,  on  a  lonj^  pe<licel  curved 
in  the  upper  part;  lid  lon<]j-conical,  acute  or  Hubrostellate,  red- 
dish at  the  base;  peristome  large;  segments  iong  .'usd  narrow, 
entire  ;  cilia  none.  —  CoroU.  04,  and  Syn.  330.  J'ohlia  acnnii- 
tiata,  Ilojtpe  &  Ilornsch.,  Uegensb.  Flora,  ii.  1.  94.  Jiri/um 
acuniinatiuHy  IJriu^h  &  Schimp.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  343. 

II All.  Adiroiulaok  Mountains,  near  Xorth  Elba  (LvH<mcreHx)\  \\\^- 
coimn  (Liiph am)  \  Colorado  ( ifo</(rocit,  iru(/');  Ilocky  Mountains  ( I^rum- 
mond,  IlaU). 

#  *  Antheridia  hypogynoiis^  axillary. 

2.  W.  polymorpha,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Loosely  ccspitose  : 
comal  leaves  open,  lanceolate  from  an  oblong  base,  sharjdy  ser- 
rate toward  the  point ;  borders  reflexed  at  base ;  costa  vanish- 
ing below  the  apex :  capsule  oval-oblong,  short-necked,  horizon- 
tal or  inclined,  constricted  under  the  orifice  after  the  dehiscence 
of  the  conical  obtuse  or  mamilLate  lid  ;  pedicel  straight  or  flex- 
uous;  inner  peristome  without  cilia.  —  Pohlia  polymorpha^ 
Iloppe  &j  Ilornsch.  1.  c.  100.  Bryum  polymorphum^  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  844. 

IlAn.  Oregon  {UaU)\  Mount  Dana,  California  (Boian^er);  Sitka 
[1M»choff). 

This  species  is  subject  to  many  varieties,  like  the  last,  from  which  it 
differs  in  its  smaller  less  solid  ovate-lanceolate  (not  linear)  leaves,  more 
distinctly  serrate,  the  areolation  shorter,  and  broader  at  the  base,  the 
costa  not  as  thick,  the  capsule  shorter,  narrowed  under  the  orifice  when 
deoperculate,  and  the  lid  shorter. 

3.  W.  elongata,  Schwaegr.  Cespitose  or  gregarious : 
comal  leaves  long-lanceolate,  open-erect,  narrowed  and  serrate 
at  the  apex,  recurved  in  the  middle,  thin ;  areolation  narrow, 
nearly  linear  in  the  upper  part,  hexagonal-rectangular  below : 
capsule  narrowly  elliptical,  long-necked,  erect,  and  constricted 


Webera.] 


BUYACKvE. 


217 


uixlcr  the  orifice  when  tli'o|K'r<'uInt«',  often  of  two  colors  ;  j>c»li- 
cel  lonty;  lid  conical,  acute  or  oMi^jueiy  rostdlate ;  inner  |H'ri- 
Btoine  with  one  or  two  more  or  Ichs  i»erfcct  cilia,  or  none.  — 
Spec.  MuHC.  4H.  Jiri/um  elomjutmn^  DickM.  Cry|»t.  Kane.  ii.  H; 
IJryoI.  Eur.  t.  84r);  Sulliv.  M«>shc8  of  LI.  States,  44.  l*uhlin 
elon(/(ita,  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  1M»,  t.  JJO. 

Var.  humilis,  Schimp.  Stem  short:  leaves  shorter:  cap- 
sule small,  inclined,  short-necked,  constricted  under  the  orilicc 
when  dry,  reddish  brown  ;  pedicel  short. 

IIah.  Crevices  of  rocks  in  luountuiiiH;  not  rare.  The  variety  in 
Coloratio  (  Wolf  &  livthrock). 

4.  W.  longicoUa,  Iledw.  Plants  longer,  more  densely 
tufted  than  in  the  precedlnjjf,  yellowish  ^reen,  matted  with 
brown  radicles  ;  stems  simple  :  lower  leaves  short,  s<|uamiforra, 
gradually  longer  toward  the  apex,  thinner,  M'ith  a  broader  areo- 
lation  ;  borders  sharply  serrate  from  the  middle  upward  ;  costa 
narrow,  generally  vanishing  below  the  apex  or  percurrent,  of  a 
glossy  yellow  color :  cajmule  oblique  or  horizontal,  oblong- 
elliptical,  shorter  and  with  a  shorter  regular  collum,  soliil,  (hirk 
orange;  lid  convex-conical,  uniform  in  color,  sometimes  with  a 
short  incurved  beak  ;  peristome  large,  yellow,  the  inner  more  or 
less  distinctly  ciliatc.  —  Spec.  IMusc.  109,  t.  41.  Jirt/um  lougi- 
collunij  Swartz,  Muse.  Suec.  49  an<l  99,  t.  0.  Ji.  eloitgatuniy  var. 
alpinum^  Bruch  &>  Schimp.  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  340. 

IIab.    Cascade  Mountains  (LyaU). 

Subgenus  II.    WEBEUA,  proper. 

Leaves  broader,  more  loosely  tufted,  the  comal  not  as  rapidly 
elongated :  capsule  thicker,  short-necked,  inclined  or  pendent ; 
inner  membrane  of  the  peristome  broader,  and  the  segments 
separated  by  smooth  cilia. 

♦  Flowers  monoecious;   the  antheridia  in  the  axils  of  comal 

leaves. 

5.  W.  nutans,  Iledw.  Cespitosc :  lower  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  entire,  the  upper  gradually  longer,  linear-lanceolate, 
serrate  at  the  apex ;  borders  flat ;  costa  thick,  tenacious,  red- 
dish, glossy :  capsule  oblong-ovate,  with  a  broad  orifice,  yellow- 
ish brown,  or  darker  when  old;  lid  highly  convex  papillate; 
teeth  dark  orange,  pale  and  filiform  at  the  apex ;  the  segments 


;l|i 


»tf 

II 

'1 1 

(p 

i  n 

P 

:m 

fl' 

(I 

1 
1 

4 

i'. 

1 

r 

T  ■ 

1 
f 

,1 

« 

A 

n*% 


if 


^u 


ii 


I     .1.     I 


218 


BRYACE.E. 


[Wehera. 


of  tlio  IniuT  poristomo  palo  yellow,  sjillt  opon  ;  eiliii  2  or  8, 
Hti'oii^ly  iirticiiliitc,  fXH  loti^  UM  thu  teeth;  aniiiiluN  lar^e,  revo« 
liiMe.  —  MiiMc.  Frond,  i.  t),  I.  4.  Iti'tjiini  nutana^  Sehreb. 
S|.l(  "1.  Fl.  Lips.  HI  ;  Hryol.  Km-,  t.  JUT  ;  Sulliv.  1.  c. 

Viir.  CQBSpitOSa,  Scliimp.  Stems  lonjjf,  braneliin^  by  inno- 
vations from  below  the  apex:  U'aves  Ioniser,  slightly  Hexuous: 
eupsiih!  narrower,  horizontal.  —  Coroll.  ()<>,  and  Syn.  JiHr). 

V'ar.  bicolor,  Sehimp.  Comal  h'aves  shorter :  capsule  thiek, 
h)M!j;-neclved,  its  upper  half  darker  colored  than  thu  lower;  pedi- 
cel i^enieulate. 

Var.  longiseta,  Sehimp.  Stems  short,  siniple :  comal 
leaves  numerous,  large,  spreading :  caj>sule  pendent  upon  a 
long  pedicel. 

II  AH.  Moist  Rrnnnd,  peat  bogn  and  swatnps  In  tim  plains,  and  Assures 
of  rocks  in  nioiuitaiiH;  couunou.  Tliu  lirst  and  Inst  variiitlus  at  Twin 
La!{KS,  Colorado  (Wolf  &  Rollirock);  the  sticond  iu  the  White  AIouu- 
taliis  iJiimvn);  Alaslta,  etc. 

6.  W.  CUCUllata,  Sehimp.  Densely  ces|)ito8e ;  "terns  sim- 
[>lo  or  sparingly  branched :  lower  leaves  ami  branch-leaves  sub- 
imbricate,  ovate,  concave,  obtuse,  entire,  the  up])er  longer,  nar- 
rowed and  serrate  at  the  apex,  often  cucullate,  soft  ami  sul)- 
opacpie :  capsule  pendent,  thickish,  pyriform,  short-necked,  soft, 
dark  brown  when  old ;  teeth  short  and  narrow,  yellowish ; 
inner  segments  very  thin,  pale  and  narrow,  separated  by  short 
fugacious  cilia.  —  Coroll.  6,  an<l  Syn.  33o.  Jiri/utn  cuctdlutvm^ 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  94,  t.  08;  Uryol.  Eur.  t.  343;  Sulliv. 
crosses  of  U.  States,  44. 

Had.  White  Mountains  (Gray,  Oakes,  James);  Mount  Dana,  Cali- 
fornia (Bolander). 

#  #  J^owers  dioeciotis  and  l  isexnal  in  the  same  species. 

7.  W.  cruda,  Scliimp.  1.  c.  Stems  long,  simple,  purple: 
lower  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  entire,  the  upper  tufted,  flexuous, 
spreading,  long  and  ribbon-like,  distantly  serrate  at  the  apex  ; 
inner  floral  leaves  shorter,  erect,  narrowly  lanceolate,  golden 
yellow  and  glossy  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex,  reddish  at 
base:  antheridia  of  the  monoecious  plants  mixed  with  the  arche- 
gonia,  in  the  dioecious  disposed  in  the  axils  of  the  upper  sub- 
discoid  perigonial  leaves  :  capsule  curved  or  horizontal,  oblong, 
short-necked,  yellowish  brown  when  mature,  narrowed  at  the 
orifice  and  ventricose  at  base  when  empty;   peristome  pale 


Webcrn.] 


nuYArE.K. 


219 


yt'IIow  ;   cilia  hiiiato  nnd  tiTiiatt',  pcrftM-t. —  Itnjnm  cnoluni^ 
UvUrvU.  I.  c.  h:J  ;  \h\tA.  Kur.  t.  .'Ux  ;  Siilliv.  I.  e. 
II AU.    Fl!t.<mi'u.t  of  rucks,  on  inoiintiiiiiH;  ii(»t  runs 

•  •  ♦   hloircrH  tfinfitHtfi. 

^.  W.  sphagnicola,  Schirnp.  I*limts  Nolitury  or  a  few  t«)- 
gc'tlicr,  ill  tiil'ts  of  Sjt/uhjmifn  ;  htciiis  »laik  |>ui|il«',  very  loiii^aiitl 
hU'ikUt,  hrniicliiiiij; :  lower  leaves  very  (listaiit,  Miiiall,  ovale- 
acuniiiiate,  eiitir*',  the  upper  ^njnlii:illy  longer  aii<i'  ttiftiiii;, 
liiiear-laiiceulate,  Nerrate  at  the  a|>e\,  <;losNy  :  male  |>laiil  nluM'ter 
niKJ  Hiiialler;  peri^.Miia  Hiilxliscoitl ;  aiitlieridia  WispoNcii  in  pairs 
in  the  axils  of  the  peri^oiiial  leaves:  capsule  iiicliiie«l,  ohlon<{  or 
ohovate,  pyriforiii,  pale  orown  ;  pedicel  very  lout;.  —  Coroll.  GO. 
Jii'lfinn  n/»/iot/uif<tl(i^  IJrucIi  tV:  Schiiiip.,  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  '.iVJ. 

llwi.  Ill  ])t>iit  lion's  of  a  Hiiiiill  valley  iifur  tliu  top  of  Mount  Marcy  in 
the  Adli'oiuhu'k  Moiuitiiins  {LfHtjitircnj:). 

W.  ScillMI'Kltl,  Soliliiip.  (lii'umn  Schiniinvi,  Miicll.  Syn.  i.  ;W4),  a 
species  very  siniiliir  to  IT.  niiians,  dift'crin^  iii«>ri>ly  in  its  nMldiHli  cuiur, 
smaller  leaves  with  a  denser  areolation,  the  din-eiouH  iiillorescenee,  and 
small  peristome,  is  recorded  from  ffreeiiliind  in  Sehiiiip.  vSyn.  ed.  2,  4(X). 

9.  W.  annotina,  Schwacijjr.  Loosely  cespitose ;  stems 
short,  simple  or  emittiu<^  from  the  l»ase  sleii<ler  more  or  less 
elongated  branclilets,  hulbiferous :  lower  leaves  and  brancli- 
leavej  small,  lanceolate,  not  decurreiit,  ijradually  larufcr  nnd 
closer  upwaivl ;  conial  leaves  Ioniser,  Hiiear-Ianceolato,  serrate  at 
the  apex,  reflexed  in  the  middle,  puri»lisli  at  the  solid  base; 
costa  stroufj,  perciirrent:  male  flowers  thick,  many-leaved; 
anthcridia  and  paraphyses  axillary:  capsule  oval,  somewhat  loni;- 
necked,  inclined  on  a  reddish  pedicel;  teeth  yellowish;  seg- 
ments carinate  and  cleft ;  cilia  perfect.  —  Spec.  Muse.  52. 
Jiryiim  annotitium,  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  183,  t.  43 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  SiiS  ;  SuUiv.  1.  c. 

IIab.    Mountains  of  Now  England  {Oakcs,  Jnmen). 

10.  W.  Drumznondii.  Plants  small,  loosely  cespitose, 
radiculose  and  ferruginous  below,  greenish  above;  stems  slender, 
sim))le  or  branching  by  innovations  from  the  apex,  ]>urplish 
below  the  leaves :  stem-leaves  small,  distant,  more  densely 
crowded  at  the  top  of  the  fertile  plants,  ovate-lanceolate,  cari- 
nate-concave,  sometimes  purplish  at  base ;  borders  slightly 
reflexed,  obscurely  denticulate  at  the  apex  ;  costa  strong,  green, 
thick  and  coherent  at  base,  dissolving  at  the  apex  :  capsule  hori- 


'1.1 


ff 


w 


f 


220 


BRYACE.E. 


[  Weber  a. 


zontiil,  oval,  turgid,  very  large  in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the 
plants,  with  a  broad  oritice  and  thick  texture ;  li<l  small,  hemi- 
8f)herieal,  obtuse ;  outer  teeth  robust,  yellow ;  cilia  short.  — 
Bryum  Urnrnmondii,  Muell.  Bot.  Zeit.  xx.  328.  J5.  nutans^ 
var.  minor,  Druniin.  Muse.  Ainer.  n.  203. 
Had.    Kocky  Mountains  (Drumnton<l);  Sitka  {Harrington). 

11.  W.  nudicaulis.  Plants  densely  cespitose,  brown  be- 
low, greenish  above ;  steins  short,  slender,  8inii>le  or  rarely  inno- 
vated at  the  apex,  naked  to  the  middle  or  .above :  stem-leaves 
distant,  very  small,  broadly  ovate,  appressed  ;  the  comal  densely 
tufted,  erect,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  with  a  strong  costa  dis- 
solvin  ;  below  the  apex ;  borders  semi-revolute,  obscurely  den- 
ticulate above :  capsule  small,  obovate,  turgid,  gradually  nar- 
rowed into  an  obsolete  collum,  not  constricted  at  or  below  the 
orifice,  of  thick  texture,  fuscous,  horizontal  or  pendent  on  a 
short  flexuous  pedicel  (1  cm.  long)  ;  lid  small,  convex-conical, 
mamillate ;  inner  segments  long,  narrow,  sometimes  united  at 
the  apex  by  irregular  laciniae ;  cilia  none.  —  lirynrn  nadicaule, 
Lesq.,  Mem.  Cal.  Acad.  i.  21 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  49, 
t.  34. 

Had.    Mount  Dana,  California,  at  11,000  feet  altitude  (Bolander). 
Closely  allied  to  the  last,  and  perhaps  a  variety  of  it. 

12.  W.  Bolanderi.  Plants  in  flat  loose  tufts,  yellowish 
green  ;  stems  simple,  foliate  :  lower  leaves  erect,  loosely  imbri- 
cate»  lanceolate,  the  upper  tufted,  close,  longer,  narrowly  lanceo- 
late ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  denticulate  apex  :  male  plants 
slender,  the  perigonial  leaves  broadly  ovate,  concave  at  base, 
narrowed  into  a  long  flexuous  acumen,  nearly  entire,  the  peri- 
chaetial  similar:  capsule  inclined  or  horizontal,  short-ovate, 
somewhat  long-necked ;  pedicel  long,  reddish ;  lid  conical, 
apieulate ;  outer  teeth  broad  and  short ;  the  segments  longer, 
with  or  without  two  intermediate  rudimentary  cilia.  —  Bryum 
Bolanderi,  Ticsq.,  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  22. 

Hab.    Foot  of  Mount  Dana,  Caliiornia  (Bolander). 

The  longer  capsule,  of  a  thinner  texture  and  narrowed  at  the  orifice,  its 
longer  pedicel,  the  shining  color  of  the  plants,  the  narrow  strongly  den- 
ticulate leaves,  and  the  form  of  the  perigonial  leaves  separate  this  species 
from  the  preceding.  No  antheridia  were  found  in  the  axils  of  the  peri- 
chietial  leaves.    It  has  the  appearance  of  W.  cruda. 

13.  "W.  COniniutata>  Schimp.  Plants  slender,  dusky,  not 
reddish :  leaves  solid,  glossy,  open-erect,  imbricate  when  dry, 


Wtbera.] 


BUYACE^. 


221 


the  lower  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  shorter ;  the  upper  grad- 
ually longer,  strict,  oblong  and  linear-lanceolate,  eubcarinate, 
rotlexed  on  the  borders,  all  scarcely  decurrent,  more  or  loss  ser- 
rate at  the  apex,  with  a  i)urplish  costa  enlarged  at  the  base 
only :  male  plants  generally  simple,  mixed  with  the  fertile  ones, 
more  slender;  antheridia  axillary,  numerous,  mixed  with  nume- 
rous slightly  '.'lavaie  paraphyses :  capsule  inclined  or  pendent, 
oval-oblong,  incurved  at  the  collum,  somewhat  turgid ;  teeth  yel- 
low ;  the  inner  segments  broadly  lamellose ;  cilia  two,  perfect. 
—  Syn.  ed.  2,  403.  Jiry  :)n  LudwigU^  Bruch  &  8chimp.  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  351.     B.  cotiwintatunt,  Watson,  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  301. 

II AB.    Toot  of  Mount  Dana,  California  (liolamler);  Rocky  Mountains 
(U(ill);  Cascade  Mountains  (Lyall). 

14.  W.  Lescuriana.  Small,  loosely  and  irregularly  cespi- 
tose,  rarely  gregarious,  ])ale  green  (not  red  and  glossy)  ;  stems 
1  or  2  cm.  long,  declined:  lower  leaves  distant,  smaller,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  the  upper  gradually  closer,  erect,  long-lanceo- 
\ite,  all  obscurely  serrate  toward  the  apex,  the  strong  costa  dis- 
solved at  the  point  and  decurrent  at  base:  male  plants  smaller; 
perigonial  leaves  erect,  concave  at  base,  subulate,  rigid,  the 
inner  much  shorter :  capsule  pendent,  i)yriform,  twisted  above 
and  enlarged  at  the  orifice  when  dry ;  pedicel  subgeniculate  at 
base  ;  lid  conical-apiculate  or  mamillate  ;  teeth  linear-lanceolate, 
subulate,  pale  yellow  ;  the  segments  split ;  cilia  solitary  ;  annu- 
lus  double,  revoluble.  —  Bn/nm  Zescurianum,  Sulliv.  Mem. 
Amer.  Acad.  n.  ser.  iv.  171,  Mosses  of  U.  States,  44,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  81,  t.  50.     J3.  ptdc/iellum,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  101. 

Hab.     Moist  clay  banks  and  wet  sandy  ground;  not  rare. 

15.  W.  carnea,  Schimp.  Gregarious  or  loosely  cespitose, 
pale  green :  lower  leaves  small,  distant,  gradually  closer  and 
larger  upward,  strict,  lanceolate,  the  comal  erect,  linear-lanceo- 
late, more  deeply  serrate  at  the  apex ;  areolation  rhomboidal- 
hexagonal,  loose  ;  costa  reddish  :  capsule  horizontal,  inclined  or 
pendent,  oval,  soft,  thick,  fleshy,  short-necked,  shorter  and  8ul> 
hemispherical  and  with  a  broad  oriHce  when  dry ;  pedicel  red- 
dish, thicker  and  arcuate  above ;  lid  large,  broadly  convex,  paj>il- 
late  or  not ;  peristome  large,  the  teeth  solid,  orange-colored,  and 
the  segments  separated  by  two  cilia;  annulus  none.  —  Coroll. 
67.     Bryum  carneiim^  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1122  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  353. 

Had.    Gravelly  banks  of  brooks,  Canton,  Illinois  (  WoJf). 


I 


\[:\ 


.    ;. 


HI 

1 

■■;' 

"1 

III 

i| 

t 


i! 


V. 


222 


BRYACE.E. 


[Webera. 


IG.  W.  pulchella,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Closely  allied  to  the  last, 
differing  especially  in  the  reddish  color  of  the  more  divided 
shorter  stems,  the  shorter  leaves  with  more  compact  areolation, 
the  perigonial  broader  and  ovate-lanceolate,  and  the  perichaetial 
distinctly  serrate,  the  capsule  longer,  with  the  pedicel  erect  at 
base,  and  the  anniilus  not  revoluble  but  remaining  attached  to 
the  lid.  —  Bryum  ^mlchellum^  Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  9G,  t.  38 ; 
13ryol.  Eur.  t.  352. 

Had.  Very  rare  in  North  America.  Found  only  in  the  Cascade  Moun- 
tains, Britisli  Columbia  (Macoun). 

17.  "W.  Tozeri,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Plants  small,  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  pale  green,  soft,  mostly  simple :  lower  leaves  distant,  obo- 
vate,  acuminate,  decurrent  at  base ;  eosta  none  in  the  lowest 
leaves,  decurrent  at  base  and  produced  to  the  middle  in  the 
upper ;  upper  leaves  closer,  narrower  and  longer,  the  perichaj- 
tial  smallest,  entire,  bordered  by  a  reddish  or  dark  green  margin 
composed  of  two  or  three  rows  of  narrow  cells ;  areolation 
large,  loose,  rhomboidal-hexagonal :  male  ])lants  smaller ;  peri- 
gonium  small,  ovoid,  the  inner  leaves  Ungulate,  acuminate,  red: 
capsule  pendent,  on  a  fleshy  pedicel,  arcuate  at  top,  ovate, 
regular,  short-necked,  soft,  passing  by  age  from  pale  dirty 
yellow  to  brown,  shorter  and  slightly  constricted  under  the 
broad  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  comparatively  large,  wdiitish,  con- 
vex-conical, mamillate ;  teeth  smaller,  pale  yellow,  the  inner 
segments  thin  and  hyaline ;  annulus  compound,  detaching  by 
fragments.  —  Bryum  Tozeri,  Grev.  Scott.  Crypt.  Fl.  v.,  t.  285  ; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  353. 

Hab.  Clayey  ground,  borders  of  ditches  and  roads;  Southern  Cali- 
fornia (Biyelow,  Bolander). 

18.  W.  albicans,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Tufts  soft,  glaucous- 
green  :  stems  simple,  2  to  8  cm.  long  or  more,  erect  or  inclined 
below,  reddish  or  dark  purple :  lower  leaves  ovate,  oblong, 
acuminate,  the  upper  oblong  lanceolate,  soft,  yellowish  or  pale 
green  ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  serrate  apex  ;  areolation  nar- 
rowly hexagonal-rhomboidal :  male  plants  simple  or  sometimes 
branching  from  under  the  flower-bearing  apex ;  male  flowers 
discoid ;  external  perigonial  leaves  broad  and  concave  at  base, 
open  and  lanceolate  above,  the  inner  gradually  smaller,  bearing 
many  antheridia  and  paraphyses  in  the  axils  :  capsule  inclined 
or  pendent,  short-p/riforra,  inflated  at  the  short  coUum,  glau- 


Bryum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


223 


cous-gi'ccn,  becoming  brown  by  age,  small  in  proportion  to  the 
size  of  the  j)lants,  subglobose  and  truncate  or  turbinate  and 
wide-mouthed  when  empty  ;  pedicel  long,  generally  reddish  and 
geniculate  at  base:  teeth  of  the  large  peristome  orange-colored; 
annulus  none.  —  Mninm  albicans^  Wahl.  Fl.  Lap]).  35;}.  Bryum 
Wa/denberffiif  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  92,  t.  70 ;  Jiryol.  Eur. 
t.  354  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  45. 

Var.  nigricans.  Plants  short,  dirty  black,  in  more  com- 
pact tufts:  leaves  longer,  narrower;  areolation  pellucid. 

IIau.  Wet  sand,  borders  of  springs  and  rivulets.  The  variety  on  per- 
pendicular limestone  rocks,  California  (liolander). 

19.  W.  Bigelovii.  Plants  long  and  slender,  loosely  ces|>i- 
tose,  repeatedly  branching  by  innovations,  ramulose  from  the 
apex  :  lower  leaves  on  the  stems  and  branches  small  and  distant, 
gradually  larger  upward,  open-erect,  oblong-ovate  (the  comal 
lanceolate-acuminate),  concave,  nearly  entire  or  obtusely  den- 
ticulate and  flat  on  the  borders ;  costa  thick,  percurrent  or 
vanisliing  below  the  apex  :  male  flower  terminal,  gemmiform  or 
capitate :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  inclined  or  i>endent,  Jjyri- 
forra-elliptical ;  teeth  closely  articul.ite,  the  iimer  segments  split 
open,  separated  by  three  simple  smooth  cilia.  —  Bryum  Bige- 
lovii^ Sulliv.,  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  187,  t.  5. 

Had.  Banks  of  streams  above  Sonora,  at  the  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada 
[Bicjeloii}). 

The  peristome  is  not  described  by  the  author.  He  remarks  that  the 
yellowish  green  foliage,  the  shorter,  more  obtuse  and  nearly  entire  leaves 
with  close  areolation,  the  less  obovate  capsule,  and  the  capituliform  male 
flowers  separate  this  species  from  W.  albicans,  its  nearest  congener.  The 
species  is  by  this  affinity,  or  by  the  characters  of  the  peristome,  a  Webcra, 
But  the  areolation  and  the  form  of  the  leaves  seem  to  refer  it  to  Bryum. 

85.  BRYUM,  Dill.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  perennial,  radiculose.  Leaves  with  a  solid  round 
costa,  generally  excurrent ;  cells  of  the  areolation  rhomboidal- 
hexagonal,  smooth,  loose,  solid.  Flowers  bisexual,  monoecious 
or  dioecious,  the  male  gemmiform,  rarely  discoid.  Calyptra 
narrowly  cucullate,  falling  off  before  the  ripening  of  the  cap- 
sule. Capsule  on  a  long  stout  pedicel,  pyriform  and  passing 
into  a  solid  stomatose  collum,  regular  or  rarely  slightly  in- 
curved, coriaceous.     Lid  convex,  papillate.     Peristome  double ; 


3    ■»;;•(, 


i 


•IP 


;-i 


;  , 


}.h 


I!    ! 


224 


BRYACE^. 


[Bryum. 


the  outer  of  long  linear  or  lanceolate  teeth,  closely  articulate 
below,  lamellate  inside  ;  the  inner  a  carinate  nienibrane  ascend- 
ing; to  the  middle  of  tiie  outer  teeth  and  there  divided  into  seg- 
mcnts,  which  are  adherent  to  the  teetli  or  free,  and  separated 
by  two  or  three  generally  appendiculate  cilia.  Annulus  gen- 
erally large,  compound,  re  voluble. 

SuBGExus  I.    CLADODIUM. 

Cilia  and  sesfments  of  the  internal  membrane  adherinij  to  the 
teeth  {Ptychostomuni\  or  free  and  witii  imperfect  or  rarely  per- 
fect inappendiculate  cilia  (CladocUum). 

*  I'^o/rers  bisexual  and  jiolygamous. 

1.  B.  arcticum,  f5ruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  in  pulvinate 
purplish  tufts  :  lower  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  oblong- 
ovate,  all  acuminate,  bordered  with  a  brown  revolute  margin, 
decurrent  at  base ;  costa  excurrent,  slightly  denticulate  at  the 
apex  :  capsule  pendent,  soft,  pyriform-clavate,  slightly  incurved, 
pale  yellow,  reddish  at  the  orifice ;  lid  small,  conical,  mamillate, 
yellow ;  peristome  small ;  cilia  2,  short :  spores  large,  verrucu- 
lose,  yellowish  green;  annulus  large,  revoluble.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  335.  PoltUa  arcticay  R.  Brown,  App.  Parry's  Voy.  Suppl. 
206  ;  Schwaegr.  Sui)pl.  iii.,  t.  272«- 

Had.  Melville  Island  (Pannj);  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
British  America  {Dniinmond,  Bouryeau);  foot  of  Mount  Dana,  Cali- 
fornia {liolander). 

2.  B.  purpurascens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     Resembles  the 

preceding,  dilTering  in  its  wide   tufts,   longer  stems,  reddish 

leaves  with  narrower  scarcely  revolute  borders,  ftnd  mucronate 

or  cusjiidate  by  the   percurrent   smooth  costa,   the  narrower 

cai)sule  more  regular,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry, 

the  larger  lid  and  smaller  smooth  spores.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  336. 

Pohlia  purpurascenSy  R.  Brown.  1.  c.  297.     P.  arctica^  var. 

piirptirascens,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.,  t.  272''' 

Hab.  Melville  Island  (Parry);  Rocky  Moimtains  (Bourgeau,  accord- 
ing to  Mitten)  and  Rainy  Lake,  British  America  (Hubbard). 

3.  B.  Brownii,  Bruch  &  Schim.p.  Plants  densely  cespitose 
and  tomentose,  green  above :  leaves  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate, 
reflexed  on  the  very  narrowly  margined  borders,  slightly  den- 


Bryum,] 


BRYACEiE. 


225 


ticulate  above  along  the  excurrent  costa  and  below  it ;  costa 
less  dceurrent  at  base  than  in  the  two  preceding  spceies; 
branch-leaves  narrower,  not  margined  ;  areolation  hexagonal- 
rectangular:  male  and  female  flowers  separate,  l)ut  adjacent 
uj)on  the  same  iimovations :  capsule  pendent,  oblong-pyriform, 
regular ;  lid  large,  convex-aj>iculate,  orange-colored  ;  i)eristome 
large,  the  segments  split,  separated  by  two  long  smooth  cilia ; 
aimidus  comj>ound,  very  large.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  338.  Pohlla 
bryokles,  ]{.  J5rown,  1.  c.  296. 

Had.  Melville  Island  (Parry)\  Rocky  Mountains  {Boiirgeau,  accord- 
ing to  Mitten). 

The  flowers  in  separate  involucral  leaves,  the  leaves  narrower,  slightly 
sernihite  at  the  apex  and  very  narrowly  margined,  the  parenchyniatose 
(hexagonal-rectangular)  areolation,  the  longer  narrower  capsule,  and  the 
very  large  annulus  separate  this  species  from  the  two  preceding.  The 
spores  are  large  and  verruculose. 

4.  B.  pendulum,  Schimp.  Plants  densely  cespitose  and 
ramose :  conial  leaves  close,  erect-spreading,  ovate-lanceolate, 
long-cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  smooth  or  dentate  at  the 
apex,  carinate-concave,  more  or  less  reflexed  on  the  narrowly 
margined  borders,  rigid ;  areolation  rhomboidal  in  the  upper 
part,  rectangular  and  reddish  toward  the  base  :  male  flowers  few, 
bisexual,  gemmiform  ;  antheridia  and  paraphyses  very  numer- 
ous :  capsule  inclined,  nearly  horizontal  or  j)endent  on  a  flex- 
nous  pedicel,  oval  or  subglobose,  with  a  short  inflated  collum ; 
lid  small,  conical-apiculate,  long-persistent ;  inner  peristome 
adhering  to  the  outer  teeth  ;  segments  and  cilia  detached  only 
in  fragments;  annulus  large:  sjwres  smooth,  yellow.  —  Coroll. 
70,  and  Syn.  849.  Pti/chostomnm  jyenduhim,  Hornsch.  lin/fwi 
cermmm^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  331  ;  SuUiv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  45. 

Hab.    On  the  ground,  rocks  and  decayed  trunks;  plains  and  mountains. 

Very  variable  In  the  length  and  ramification  of  the  stems,  the  form  of 
the  more  or  less  elongated  capsule,  generally  pendent  but  often  inclined, 
etc.  Easily  confounded  with  B.  ccesplticiiun,  from  which  It  Is  readily  dis- 
tinguished by  Its  narrow-mouthed  capsule  and  Its  acutely  apiculate  lid. 
It  also  resembles  the  next  sp^icies. 

5.  B.  inclinatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Differs  from  the 
preceding  in  the  leaves  more  revolute  and  more  broadly  mar- 
gined, acutely  carinate  toward  the  apex,  the  reddish  brown 
costa,  the  flowers  generally  bisexual,  the  much  longer  slender 
pedicel  of  the  capsule,  its  longer  collum,  the  convex  shorter- 


:«  '  a 


>    i-S'! 
: ■ is ■ * 


I '' 


i 


Hi^ 


ii  • 


ill 


'  1 1 


!    i 


II  .'    t  '! 


226 


BRYACE^. 


[Uryum. 


papillate  lid,  and  the  inner  peristome  free  above,  the  segments 
of  the  membrane  being  long,  carinate  and  split,  the  intermediate 
cilia  merely  rudimentary.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  334.  Pohlia  in- 
clhidtct,  Swartz,  Muse.  Suee.  45  and  96,  t.  5,  fig.  11. 

II AH.  Stones,  rocks  and  decayed  trunks;  plains  and  mountains. 
Common  on  tlie  Pacific  slope;  rare  in  the  East. 

0.  B.  Warneum,  JJland.  Cespitose ;  stems  radiculose, 
short,  wimple  or  sparingly  branched  ;  innovations  on  short  round 
or  flagellit'orm  branchlets :  stem-leaves  distant,  open,  ovate  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  short-cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  slightly  ser- 
rate costa ;  borders  narrowly  margined,  reflexed  below,  flat  in 
the  upper  part ;  comal  leaves  numerous,  loosely  imbricate : 
flowers  mona»cious,  rarely  bisexual ;  male  flowers  terminal ; 
antheridia  with  few  paraphyses:  caj)8ule  long-pedicelled,  abruptly 
pendent,  ovate  and  subglobose-pyriform,  solid,  brown ;  lid 
mamillate,  persistent ;  teeth  solid,  orange-colored  below ;  seg- 
ments free,  narrow,  scarcely  split ;  cilia  none  or  rudimentary ; 
ammlus  compound.  —  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  i.  C75 ;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  340. 

IIau.    Foot  of  Mount  Dana,  California  {Bolandcr). 

American  specimens  are  found  to  differ  slightly  from  European.  The 
tufts  are  generally  compact,  the  segments  of  the  inner  peristome  are 
more  or  less  split  open,  and  the  cilia  either  none  or  rudimentary  or  some 
of  them  long  and  append iculate;  the  leaves  also  are  less  distinctly  denticu- 
late at  the  apex,  and  bordered  by  a  distinct  margin  formed  of  2  or  3  rows 
cf  long  narrow  cells.     This  form  appears  to  be  a  transition  to  the  next. 

7.  B.  BiddlecomiSB,  Aust.  Differs  from  i?.  Warneum  in 
the  leaves  being  very  distinctly  margined,  revolute  on  the 
borders  an<l  very  obscurely  serrate  at  the  apex,  and  the  capsule 
larger,  with  muticous  or  minutely  papillose  lid :  stems  rather 
short,  branching  by  innovations,  often  flagelliform  as  in  -B. 
Warneiini :  leaves  cuspidate  by  the  stout  excurrent  costa  :  cap- 
sule constricted  under  the  mouth,  pale,  becoming  light  fuscous ; 
the  lid  rather  large.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  110. 

Had.     Colorado  {Miss  H.  J.  Biddlecome). 

From  an  examination  of  specimens  commimicated  by  the  author  the 
essential  d  fferences  are  in  the  form  of  the  capsule,  which  is  less  inflated, 
less  distinctly  pyriform,  and  broad-mouthed,  and  in  the  more  distinctly 
revolute  borders  of  the  leaves. 

8.  B.  lacustre,  Brid.  Widely  cespitose;  stems  short, 
radiculose,  with  longer  branches :  leaves  solid,  chlorophyllose, 
the  lower   distant    and   small,   broadly  ovate-acuminate,  the 


Br  yum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


227 


upper  large,  open,  tuftetl,  broadly  oblong-acuminato,  carlii.'vte- 
coneave,  with  borders  reflexed  ;  areolation  large,  liexagoiial ; 
costa  strong,  brownish,  vanishing  below  or  within  tlie  very 
entire  apex  :  vaginule  covered  with  paraphyses ;  flowers  bisex- 
ual:  capsule  on  a  slender  more  or  less  elongated  tlexuMis 
pedicel,  inclined  or  subpendent,  oblong-pyriforni,  slightly 
incurved,  soft;  peristome  short,  as  in  li.  WamentH.  —  3Iusc. 
Hecent.  Suppl.  iv.  120;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  332. 
IlAn.     Peninsula  of  Shumagln,  Alaska  {Iluninyton). 

9.  B.  flexiiOSUm,  Aust.  Plants  loosely  cespitose ;  stem 
dividing  by  short  innovations,  erect:  leaves  pale  red,  erect, 
ovate,  subconcave,  acuminate,  i)lane  or  recurved  on  the  very 
entire  bonlers ;  costa  strong,  percurrent  or  excurrent :  flowers 
dia'cious  (?) ;  male  flowers  terminal,  large,  discoid :  cai>sule  on 
a  long  slentler  flexuous  red  pedicel,  ovate-oblong,  jtale,  subhori- 
zontal;  lid  large,  depressed-conical,  minutely  mamillate ;  inner 
j)eristome  adhering  to  the  teeth ;  cilia  no;ie.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz. 
iv.  152. 

Hau.     Gravelly  ground,  Blackwater  River,  British  Cohunbla  ( Macoun ). 

Apparently  nearly  related  to  the  last,  if  not  a  variety  of  it;  differing  only 
in  the  inflorescence,  which  appears  to  be  dioecious.  The  short  reddish 
stems,  and  the  long  flexuous  pedicel,  which  the  author  hidicates  as  dis- 
tinctive characters,  are  those  of  B.  lacuatre. 

10.  B.  Calophyllum,  H.  Brown.  I'lants  gregarious  or  sulv 
cespitose :  stem-leaves  distant,  round-ovate,  obtuse,  the  u])per 
closer,  loosely  imbricated  in  loose  obtuse  gemmules,  the  lower 
broadly  ovate  or  oval-oblong,  narrowed  into  a  short  blunt  point, 
all  fleshy,  very  concave  and  entire,  with  the  border  plane  or 
slightly  recurved,  not  margined;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex ;  pericluetial  leaves  smaller  and  narrower,  the  inner  lan- 
ceolate :  male  flowers  gemmiform  at  the  base  of  the  female : 
capsule  pyriform,  short-necked,  slightly  contracted  under  the 
orifice  when  dry,  abruptly  pendent  on  a  long  strict  rigid  pedicel ; 
segments  of  the  inner  membrane  yellow,  narrow  and  split ;  cilia 
none  or  solitary  and  rudimentary :  spores  large,  green,  smooth. 
—  App.  Parry's  Voy.  Suppl.  296.  -B.  latifolmm,  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.,  t.  339. 

Hab.  Melville  Island  {Parry);  Franconia  Mountains  {James)',  Santa 
Barbara,  California  ( W.  L.  Foster). 

11.  B.  uliginosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stem  densely  rad- 
iculose,  branching  into  short  innovations:  lower  leaves  short, 


<  If 


E^  i 


i 


228 


BRYACE^. 


[Uryum. 


ovatc'-aeuminato,  the  comal  oblong-ovato,  lanceolate,  euspi<late 
Ity  the  excurreiit  costa,  honlered  by  a  brown  margin,  retlexed 
from  the  base  to  the  middle,  plane,  an<l  obscurely  serrate  at  the 
apex,  soft,  <lirty  green  :  male  flower  close  to  the  female  :  ca]>sule 
horizontal  or  inclined  on  a  long  pedicel  curving  near  the  apex, 
long-necked,  pyriform,  more  or  less  incurved,  microstome,  yel- 
lowish brown,  <larker  when  old  ;  lid  obli<|ue,  small,  convex  and 
mamillate,  orange  ;  segments  split ;  cilia  rudimentary  or  none ; 
annulus  broa<l :  spores  minute,  verruculose.  —  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  339. 

II Au.  On  (lecayud  trunks,  in  wet  places;  plains  and  mountains,  from 
the  Atlantic  to  the  PaciHc;  rare. 

A  variety  witli  hermaphrodite  flowers  has  been  found  near  Twin  Lakes, 
Colorado,  by  H'olJ'  «t  llothrock. 

SumiENus  II.     BRYUM,  proper. 

Capsule  inditied  or  pendent,  ovate  and  oblong-pyriform, 
rarely  slightly  incurved.  Inner  peristome  free;  membrane 
large ;  segments  long,  perfect,  separated  by  2  to  4  cilia  appen- 
diculate  at  the  articulations. 

#  Flowers  bisexual^  rarely  polt/gamous. 

12.  B.  intermedium,  Brid.  Plants  widely  cespitose,  green, 
closely  matted  with  radicles ;  stems  short,  dividing  into  short 
innovations:  uj)per  leaves  oblong-ovate,  lanceolate,  the  lower 
shorter;  costa  stout,  reddish,  excurrent  into  a  long  remotely 
denticulate  point;  borders  very  entire,  reflexed  or  revolute: 
capsule  horizontal  or  inclined  or  pendent,  oblong  or  pyriform, 
its  coUum  as  long  as  the  sporangium,  slightly  incurved,  scarcely 
narrowed  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  convex-conical,  apic- 
ulate,  persistent;  cilia  2  or  3 ;  annulus  separating  in  fragments. 
—  Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  iv.  120;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  356.  Webera 
intermedia^  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  267,  t.  75. 

Has.    Crevices  of  rocks  and  walls,  exposed  to  the  south;  not  rare. 

13.  B.  cirrhatum,  Hoppe  &  Hornsch.  Plants  cespitose, 
short  and  robust,  M'ith  slender  .and  long  branches ;  inner  tomen- 
tum  dark  brown :  inner  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  the  comal  close, 
numerous,  long-lanceolate,  acuminate,  those  of  the  branches 
ovate-acuminate,  all  broadly  margined  and  revolute  on  the 
borders;  costa  stout,  fuscous,  excurrent  into  a  long  distantly 
denticulate  or  smooth  point :  capsule  pendent,  obovate  or  oI> 


Brj/um.] 


BRYACE.E. 


229 


conieal-])yriforni,  regular,  constricted  un«lcr  the  orifice  wlu'ii 
dry;  lid  large,  convex,  apiciilate  ;  segments  split;  cilia  long,  2 
or  3;  annulus  large,  revoluble,  punctulute.  —  Jti'gensb.  Flora,  ii. 
90 ;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  JJST. 

IlAU.  Swampy  ground,  in  mountains;  IMy  Tree  CJrovi',  and  on  Mono 
Pass,  California  (liolaniler,  Amta)\  Colorado  {liuthruvk  <&  W'ulJ'). 

14.  B.  bimuzn,  SchreU.  Plants  loosely  cespitose,  niattt'd 
together  by  a  felt  of  reddish  radicles:  leaves  halt'-elas|ung, 
decurrent,  open,  the  outer  coinal  ones  elliptical,  short-acuminate, 
the  upper  or  medial  oblong-lanceolate,  cuspidate  by  tiie  excur- 
rent  fuscous  or  purplo  costa,  bordered  by  a  liroad  revohite 
margin,  slightly  serrate  at  the  apex,  loosely  imbricate  and 
twisted  when  dry  :  capsule  pendent,  obovate  or  oblong-pyriform, 
slightly  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry,  chestnut-colored 
or  dark  brown ;  lid  broad,  convex-nuimillate  ;  inner  j)erislome 
as  in  the  last  species:  spores  green,  minute,  punctulate. — 
Spicil.  Fl.  Lips.  H'd ;  Uryol.  Eur.  t.  v]03. 

IIah.  Swamps,  decayed  trunks,  roots  of  trees  near  water,  etc. ;  very 
common  on  tlie  Eastern  slope;  Nevada  (  Watson);  Washington  Territory 
(Lyall). 

Kesembling  the  last  species  in  the  form  and  consistence  of  the  capsule, 
it  differs  especially  in  tlie  longer-acuminate  and  lonj,'-ctispiilate  leaves,  and 
in  the  spores  one-third  larger.  From  li.  jiHemlotrh/ni'tniiti,  with  which 
it  has  been  confounded  by  some  authors,  it  dift'ers  in  its  bisexual  inilores- 
cence,  tac  slender  stems  generally  shorter,  the  leaves  less  solid  and  cuspi- 
date, the  capsule  shorter,  and  lid  not  as  highly  convex.  Schimper  remarks 
that  Ii.  cirrhutmn,  B.  bimum,  and  li.  citf<j)klutitin  are  separated  by  char- 
acters of  so  little  importance  that  tliey  should  perhaps  be  united  into  one 
species. 

15.  B.  lonchocaulon,  Muell.  Syncecious :  stems  long, 
slender,  flexuous,  nearly  simi)le,  yellowish  green,  radiculose: 
lower  leaves  distant,  the  upper  close,  appressed  to  the  julaceous 
stem,  narrowly  decurrent  at  base,  ovate-lanceolate,  concave; 
borders  revolute  to  the  apex,  slightly  denticulate  at  the  aj)ex 
only,  not  margined ;  costa  stout,  reddish  below,  excurrent  into 
a  long  slender  scarcely  denticulate  awn ;  cells  of  the  areolation 
small,  pellucid,  empty,  irregularly  rhomboidal,  looser  and  often 
reddish  toward  the  base ;  perichaetial  leaves  similar :  cai)8ule  on 
a  long  purple  pedicel,  oval,  small ;  cilia  two,  strongly  appendicu- 
late;  lid  not  seen.  —  F.egensb.  Flora  (1875),  Iviii.  93. 

Had.    Colorado. 

Resembles  slender  forms  of  B.  bimum,  but  is  distinguishable  at  once 
by  the  immarginate  leaves. 


I 


tvmt '  I 


"  1  ' 


! 

i 

(■ 

I 

J 


i     I 


¥1 


1 

I 

i 


230 


BUYACE^. 


[liryum. 


10.  B.  torquescens,  Bruch  «fc  Schitnj>.  Plants  Hhort, 
loosi'Iy  ci'spitosc ;  HteiiiH  radicuIoHO,  simple  or  fastigiatt'ly  rainu- 
lose:  stc'tn-  ami  brancli-k'avt'H  distant,  long-lant't'olatc,  cunipli- 
catc'-carinatc,  rt'curvod  or  rt'tlcxcd  on  the  borders,  the  eonial 
close,  ohlon^'-laiiceolate,  concave,  all  entire,  surrounded  by  a 
narrow  border;  costa  reddish,  excurrent  into  a  smooth  sharp 
l)oint,  twisted  to  the  left  when  dry:  capsule  inclined  and  pend- 
ent, loni,M)bconical,  blood-red  or  red<lish  brown,  solid ;  lid 
hij^hly  convex,  acutely  mamillate,  dark  purple,  shinint^.  —  Bryol. 
Eiir.  t.  3r)H. 

IIah.  Dry  rocky  or  Rravclly  jilaces,  Texas  {]\yiyht)\  Oakland,  Cali- 
fornia {llii/elow);  Nevada  (  WatHon);  etc. 

17.  B.  provinciale,  Philib.   Loosely  cespitose;  stems  short, 

divided  by  few  innovations,  radiculose  at  base:  branch-leaves 

few,  distant,  smaller,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  crowded  in 

tufts,  spreadinix  when  moist,  loosely  aj^pressed  and  undulate 

when  dry,  ovate-obloiiLT,  concave,  acuminate  or  cuspidate  by  the 

excurrent  stout  reddish  costa;  borders  narrowly  recurved  from 

the  middle  to  the  base,  plane,  minutely  serrate  toward  the  apex  ; 

inner  or  perichietial  leaves  smaller,  lanceolate,  longer  pointed; 

borders  revolute  or  broadly  rcflexed  to  near  the  apex :  flowers 

partly  bisexual,  the  fertile  always  unisexual ;   vaijinule  thick, 

covered    with    abortive   archenjonia  and   paraphyses :    capsule 

obli(jue  or  pendent,  on  a  reddish  pedicel,  obconical-pyriform, 

brown-orange;  lid  highly  convex,  apiculale;  teeth  yellow  up  to 

the  middle,  hyaline  above ;  segments  cleft ;  cilia  long-ap])endicu- 

late;  annulus  large,  revoluble.  —  Schimp.  Syn.  ed.  2,  432.     JS. 

JBillanlerli^  Bruch.  &,  Schim]>.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  366.     B.  Canari- 

ense,  Brid. ;  Schwacgr.  Sui)pl.  iii.,  t.  214^ 

IlAn.  Cafton  on  Monte  Diablo,  California  (Bolander)\  Florida  (Gar- 
ber,  J.  Dontuil  Smith,  Chapitian). 

18.  B.  Oreganum,  Sulliv.  Densely  cespitose ;  stems  and 
innovations  very  shor*^  gemmiform :  leaves  crowded  into  a 
subglobose  tuft,  oblong  or  obovate-oblong,  pointed,  serrate 
above ;  borders  margined  and  reflexed  ;  costa  extending  to  the 
point ;  areolation  rather  loose ;  perichaBtial  leaves  elongated- 
oblong,  long-pointed  with  a  subexcurrent  costa ;  capsule  sub- 
pendent,  on  a  slender  pedicel  3  to  5  cm.  long,  clavate,  oblong, 
straight  or  slightly  curved,  constricted  below  the  mouth  when 
dry ;  lid  rather  small,  hemisjiherical,  a])iculate ;  teeth  closely 
articulate ;  segments  broad,  cleft ;  cilia  2,  strongly  and  conspic- 


liryum.] 


BUYACEiE. 


231 


tiously  ap|t('n<licuIato ;  nnnulus  largo  ami  coinpouml.  —  Muse. 
Wilki'8  Kx|.l.  Kxp.  10,  t.  7. 

II All.     <)r«?K<>n  {I*ickerin(f). 

Kpitcius  cluHfly  rt'ialud  to  //.  microsteginm,  Scliiinp.,  but  that  has  ovate- 
laii(>«H>latu  it'avt's,  ^rathially  acuininate  and  loi),<;-(HiHpitlatt'  by  the  cxcuriviit 
custa,  with  margins  not  relluxu«l,  a  convex-cunloal  inure  {tolnted  and 
sinallur  lid,  and  more  linear  teeth  with  more  distant  aiticuhitlons. 

#  #  J^^lowers  tnomecioua. 

19.  B.  pallescens,  Schleifh.  Subcc'sjutoso  and  piilviiiatc ; 
stems  sonu'what  long,  hranchiiig,  radiculosc,  ]iiir|»lc>:  lower 
leaves  distant,  ovate,  acuininate;  eosta  vanishing  below  the 
apex;  coinal  leaves  crowded  into  a  spreiiding  tuft,  oldong- 
acuininate,  apiculate  or  cuspidate  by  the  exeiinent  costa,  reddish 
at  base,  more  or  less  revoluteoii  the  entire  border:  male  flowers 
on  separate  lateral  branches:  caj»sule  long-necked,  oblong-pyri- 
form,  inclined  or  horizonal,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when 
dry;  lid  bright  reddish-brown,  conical,  aj>iculate;  teeth  yellow; 
segments  longer  and  more  acuminate  than  in  the  preceding 
species.  —  Schwaegr.  Suj)pl.  i.  2.  107;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  851). 

IIab.  F.^snres  of  sandstone  rocks,  Ohio  to  Canada;  also  in  Colorado, 
Utah,  California  and  Washington  Territory. 

The  steins  of  this  species  vary  In  length  and  are  more  or  less  divided, 
the  leaves  either  long-cuspidate  or  abruptly  acinniiiate  are  always  red- 
dish at  base,  and  the  capsule  varies  in  the  length  of  its  colluin;  the  lid  is 
smaller  than  that  of  li.  aespitlcium,  which  this  species  resembles. 

20.  B.  SUbrotundum,  IJrid.  Plants  short,  gregarious, 
much  divide<l  into  short  geinmiform  innovations :  lower  leaves 
small,  broadly  ovate-acuminate,  mucronate  by  the  excurrent 
costa,  the  upper  abruptly  larger,  densely  crowded  into  tufts, 
ovate  and  oblong-lanceolate,  the  ))erich{ctial  lanceolate,  all 
shortly  aristate  by  the  excurrent  subdenticulate  costa,  concave, 
flat  on  the  borders,  soft :  capsule  inclined  or  pendent,  spherical 
or  oblong-pyriform,  with  a  narrow  orifice,  slightly  constricted 
under  it  when  dry  ;  lid  small,  conical,  mamillate ;  peristome  as 
in  the  preceding.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Supjd.  iii.  29 ;  Muell.  8yn. 
i.  275 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  361.  -Z?.  pullesceuSy  var.  subrotunduniy 
Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  360. 

Had.  Mountains  of  Canada  (2)rM»i>«o)jd) ;  Yosemite  Valley  (ZJo/anJer) ; 
Colorado  Mountains  (Downie). 

Differs  from  B.  pallencena  in  Its  concave  broader  leaves,  with  a  shorter 
point  and  the  borders  not  reflexed,  tlie  capsule  nearly  pendent,  shorter 
and  broader,  the  sporangium  being  nearly  round,  the  orifice  small. 


■'ill 

m 
■m 


1^  i?Bv' 


I 


>■  -i* 


iw 

fe^< 

'        ''tS 

l..:\. 

f            '1: 

232  UUYACE^.  [iirj/um. 

•  •  •  Flowers  dUecxoui. 
•f-  J/<//t'  Jtmrera  yetnniiform. 

21.  B.  erythrocarpum,  Sihwuej^r.  Plat'S  short,  Kimple, 
or  with  fow  hnuicht's :  K'jivi's  criTt,  (liNtiiiit,  Dpun,  rij^id,  ovatu- 
laiK'i'ohite  (»r  laiu'i'olatc,  tlciiticulatt'  at  the  apox  or  cut  in*,  cus- 
pidate by  the  I'xciirri'ut  costa ;  bonlerM  slij^htly  ri'tk'xcd:  caj)- 
v,\\\v  inclined  or  pendent,  (>l>l()n<{  or  olieonieal,  pyriforni,  hlood- 
red;  Hd  highly  convex,  apieulale;  teeth  pale,  ferruginous ;  seg- 
nients  whitish  yeUow.  —  SujipK  i.  2.  lUO,  t.  70;  IJryol.  Eur. 
t.  5170.  Ji.  saiHjuiiteitm,  IJrid.  Mu8c.  Uecent.  Su]»ph  iii.  ii8 ; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  40. 

II All.    Muuntains  of  Nurlliein  Alabama  (Lc»<invreux)\  rare. 

'22.  B.  atropurpureum,  Wahl.  Loosely  eespitose;  stems 
ra<lieulose  uj)  to  the  bjise  of  the  fertile  tufts :  lower  leaves  dis- 
tant, ov.ite-lanceolate,  the  upper  crowded,  tufting,  much  longer, 
ovate-acuminate,  apiculate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  concave, 
very  entire;  borders  reflexed  toward  the  base;  areolation 
loose :  male  plants  slender :  capsule  turgid  at  the  rugulose 
collum,  broadly  oval,  blood-re<l  or  dark  j»urple  when  old  ;  pedi- 
cel flexuous,  arched  above ;  lid  eidarging  above  the  orifice  ol 
the  capsule,  hemispherical  and  apiculate,  bright  red  and  shining; 
teeth  reddish  at  base ;  segments  yellowish.  —  Web.  &,  Mohr, 
Ind.  Muse.  300 ;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  378.  Ji.  erythrocarpoHy  Brid. 
1.  c.  iii.  18. 

IlAn.  Sandy  soil;  Lookout  Mountain,  Alabama  (LeHquerenx)\  Buf- 
falo, New  York  (G.  W.  Clinton);  Pennsylvania  ( James) \  Illinois  (Hull); 
Nevada  (  Watson). 

23.  B.  COronatum,  Schwaegr.  Loosely  tufted,  tomentose 
within,  brij^ht  green  on  the  surface  ;  branches  slender,  soft, 
loosely  foliate :  leaves  erect-spreading,  oblong-lanceolate,  mu- 
cronato  or  long-cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  thin  costa ;  borders 
flat,  entire;  perichretial  leaves  enlarged  at  base,  abrujaly  lanceo- 
late :  capsule  pendent  and  torulose,  rugulose  at  base ;  lid  large, 
conical  or  highly  convex-apiculate,  thick  on  the  borders,  purple, 
shining.  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  103,  t.  71 ;  Muell.  Syn.  i.  307. 

Had.     Florida  ( D.  Ji.  Smith,  Garber,  J.  Donnell  Smith). 

The  areolation  of  the  leaves  is  like  that  of  li.  carneum.  The  capsule 
resembles  that  of  the  last  species,  but  is  thick  and  fleshy,  abrupt  and 
crown-like  at  the  insertion  of  the  pedicel;  peristome  of  the  same  char- 
acter.   A  fine  species. 


r 


llryum.] 


nUYACE^. 


288 


24.  B.  versioolor,  Al.  nnum.  Modf  of  powth  ns  in  //. 
atntptii'pnreuni ;  Inaiichi'M  ii|;i»I,  •K'liMfly  fnliatr  :  N':ivt'«  t'lvct* 
Hprcailint;,  oviitc-laiucolatts  ciiHpiilati'  l>y  the  thick  Itrowii  I'X- 
(MU'iTiit  costa;  boivU-rs  t'litiri',  .slij^litly  rt'vt>lul(':  capsiiU'  ahriipt- 
\y  |)cii<l('iit,  on  a  ri^i*l  ikmUccI,  lotiiKl-oval,  with  a  short  hcini- 
N|ih(>ri('al  colhiin,  rc>(hliNh,  much  NiiiaUcr  when  <liy,  lM'(»a<l- 
nn)uthtM|  when  «U'o|K'r('ulatc,  <'onMlri«'tt'(l  hctwccn  colhiin  and 
Hporangiuni ;  lid  hir^'c,  convcx-apicuhiU'.  —  Uryoh  Eur.  t.  ii7l>. 

IlAH.     Florlila  ( />.  //.  Smith);  riiic 

25.  B.  alpinum,  Linn.  I)cnH('Iy  and  witU-ly  ccspito-si' : 
ph'ints  chcHtnut-cohHi'd  or  |)ur|>iish  hrown,  shining,  rohust,  short 
and  troct,  or  K)n^  and  dccunihcnt  hch>w,  radiculosc  at  the  haso 
only,  di'tiscly  and  t'<jually  foliate:  lea>es  erect,  ritjid,  lanceolate 
or  ohlon^-lanceolate  ;  costa  stout,  purplish,  excurrent  into  a 
short  point,  entire  or  obscurely  serrate  at  the  apex  ;  borders  re- 
flexe«l  in  tho  niiiMle:  capsule  pendi'nt,  ovate-obloni;  or  t)bc()ni- 
cal-pyrifonn,  its  somewhat  lon<;  colluni  ^nidually  attenuated 
into  the  pedicel,  solid,  blood-red  or  dark  purple  when  old, 
slightly  constricted  under  th«  orifice ;  lid  mammiform  ;  outer 
peristome  ferrui^inous:  spores  yellowish  green.  —  JMant.  Alt. 
309 ;  Bryol.  Eur  t.  380. 

Had.     White  Mountahis  (Odkes,  James). 

26.  B.  Muhlenbeckii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Closely  resem- 
bles the  j>reeeding,  differing  in  the  olive-green  color  of  tho 
tufts,  the  leaves  broader,  long-elliptical,  deeply  concave,  loosely 
areolate,  more  or  less  obtuse  and  cucidlate  at  the  apex,  borders 
reflexed  all  around:  capsule  chestnut-colored,  not  puri)lish. — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  381.      H.  Hani,  Aust.  in  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  110. 

Hau.     New  Mexico  {Palmer);  UelleviUe,  Ontario,  Canada  (Macoiin). 

27.  B.  miniatum,  Lesq.  Densely  cesi)itose,  yellowish 
green  an<l  purplish  ;  stems  radiculose,  slender,  long  and  mostly 
simple  or  dividing  by  nearly  filiform  innovations  from  under  the 
floral  buds :  leaves  appressed  when  dry,  loosely  imbricate,  the 
ui)per  more  crowded  but  not  tufted,  concave,  ovjite  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  margined  or  reflexed 
on  the  borders ;  costa  stout,  vanishing  below  the  apex ;  cells 
polygonal,  solid  or  thick-walled ;  perichaetial  leaves  slightly 
longer  and  narrower :  capsule  inclined,  obovate-oblong,  slightly 
constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry,  purplisli-fawn  color;  lid 
convex  or  conical,  apiculatc.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  23. 


Ill 


I  i-ii 


4 

1; 

' 

i' 

1 , 

; 

IP 

;; 

ill 

iii! 


1'  Mi 


H 


i': 


1     i 


234 


BRYACE.7^. 


[Bryum. 


IIab.    On  moist  rocks,  Toseniite  Valley  {liolander). 

With  the  appearance  of  li.  paeudo-triqiietrum,  with  which  it  grows 
niix(>(],  but  easily  separated  by  the  given  cliaracters.  It  has  the  raiuiti- 
cution  of  li.  Jiiyelovii,  Sulliv.,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  longer  capsule 
and  the  form  of  tlie  leaves.  The  purplish  branches  are  often  abruptly 
crimsoned  at  the  apex,  as  if  painted  with  carmine. 

28.  B.  At'Wateriad,  Muell.  Closely  relatod  to  the  last, 
from  which  it  essentially  clitfers  in  its  somewhat  more  robust 
stems,  the  leaves  more  densely  imbricate,  scarcely  open  when 
moistened,  oblong  or  ovate,  obtuse,  more  distinctly  narrowed 
toward  tlie  base,  cucullate,  with  the  borders  revolute  from  the 
base  to  the  middle,  and  with  a  thick  yellow  medial  nerve,  the 
areolation  more  compact,  the  up])er  cells  smaller,  less  distant, 
pellucid,  narrowly  oblong  and  angular,  the  lower  more  distinct, 
rectangular  along  the  borders,  hexagonal  toward  the  middle : 
the  oblong  pendent  capsule,  slightly  contracted  under  the  lid 
when  dry,  has  the  same  color  and  form.  —  IJegensb.  Flora,  Iviii. 
76  (1878).     Ji.  MacoiiHu,  Aust.  in  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  110. 

Hab.  Rocks  near  waterfalls;  Yosomite  Valley,  California  (Mrs. 
Atwater),  sterile;  Oregon  (E.  Hall),  fruiting  plants;  British  Columbia 
(Macoun). 

It  is  very  difficult  to  find  marked  and  persistent  characters  separating 
this  from  tlie  last  species.  Tlie  Californian  plants  are  long  and  still  more 
slender  tlian  those  of  B.  miniatuni.  The  fruiting  specimens  from 
Oregon  are  strong,  thick,  and  very  short,  while  the  sterile  from  British 
America  (described  as  B.  Macounii)  are  .as  long  as  those  of  B.  miniatum, 
and  also  much  tliicker.  Tlie  leaves,  differing  enough  in  appearance  when 
single  specimens  are  compared,  taken  altogether  have  the  same  char- 
acters. In  his  description  of  B.  Macounii,  Austin  states  that  the  leaves 
have  the  borders  flat,  while  in  B.  miniatum  they  are  revolute.  This  last 
character  is  distinct  in  B.  Atwaterioi,  as  described  by  Mueller,  and  most 
of  the  leaves  of  B.  Macounii  also  have  the  borders  of  the  leaves  as  dis- 
tinctly reflexed  or  revolute  towards  the  base  as  in  B.  miniahtm.  The 
leaves  in  all  these  forms  are  more  or  less  indistinctly  margined.  Austin 
also  remarks  that  B.  miniatuni  is  too  near  B.  Mulilenbeckii,  but  the 
Macoun  specimens  are  far  more  closely  allied  to  this  last  species  in  their 
strong  growth  than  are  the  slender  stems  of  B.  miniatum. 

29.  B.  argenteum,  Linn.  Plants  more  or  less  densely 
tufted  and  irregularly  cespitose,  greenish  or  silver  white ;  stems 
short,  radiculose,  with  numerous  julaceous  innovations :  stem- 
and  branch-leaves  broadly  ovate  or  obovate,  deeply  concave, 
abruptly  apiculate,  the  comal  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate ; 
costa  vanishing  above  the  middle ;  borders  entire,  plane ;  areo- 
lation loose :   capsule  pendent,  oblong,  constricted  under  the 


Bryiim.] 


BRYACEiE. 


235 


orifice,  reddish  brown,  blackish  when  old  ;  lid  convex,  slightly 
aj)iciil:ite,  dark  orange ;  inner  peristome  yellow  or  hyaline.  — 
Sj).  PI.  1120  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  384. 

Var.  majus,  Schwaegr.  More  densely  cespitose,  dividing 
into  numerous  longer  glaucous-green  innovations :  leaves  slightly 
obtuse :  capsule  scarcely  rising  above  the  top  of  the  branches. 
—  Su])j)l.  i.  tl.  88.     JJ.Julaceum,  Schradcr. 

Var.  lanatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Branches  shorter,  thick : 
top  of  the  leaves  white,  appearing  white-woolly  by  long  flexnous 
hair-like  ])oint8  without  chlorophyll :  capsule  shorter.  —  Ji.  liuia- 
tunij  Brid. 

Had.  Sandy  ground,  burnt  places,  rocks  and  wood;  very  common. 
The  first  variety  in  wet  shaded  places;  the  last  on  dry  sandy  soil  exposed 
to  the  sun. 

30.  B.  CSBSpiticium,  Linn.  Plants  more  or  less  densely 
cespitose ;  tufts  yellowish  green,  ferruginous,  tomentose  within  : 
leaves  erect  and  straight  when  dry,  the  lower  distant,  small, 
lanceolate,  the  upper  larger,  loosely  imbricate,  ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  all  concave ;  borders  entire 
and  retlexed  :  oapsule  oblong-pyriform,  inclined  or  pendent, 
narrowed  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  large,  mammiform, 
reddish,  polished ;  teeth  ferruginous,  broadly  lamellose  inside; 
segments  cleft,  separated  by  two  or  three  long-apjiendiculate 
cilia.  —  Sp.  PL  1121 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  374  and  375. 

IIab.     Old  fields  on  the  ground,  stones,  old  walls,  etc. ;  very  common. 

A  very  variable  species,  especially  in  the  leaves  and  form  of  the  cap- 
sule, which  is  generally  capped  by  a  large  lid.  This  with  the  inflores- 
cence and  the  perfect  peristome  separates  it  from  li.  2i<^ndulum. 

31.  B.  capillare,  Linn.  Tufts  bright  or  dirty  green, 
brown-tomcntose  inside  ;  plants  branching  by  few  innovations  : 
leaves  soft,  twisted  when  dry,  broadly  oblong  or  spatulate,  more 
or  less  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  filiform  slightly  denticulate 
often  flexuous  point,  brown-margined  and  reflexed  on  the  bor- 
ders ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  or  excurrent :  capsule 
long-pedicelled,  horizontally  inclined  or  pendent,  oblong  or 
obconical,  gradually  narrowed  to  its  collum,  which  is  shorter 
than  the  sporangium,  fuscous;  lid  large,  mammiform,  apiculate, 
shining.— Sp.  PI.  1121;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  118,  t.  74; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  368,  369. 

Has.  Black  soil,  roots  of  trees,  and  shaded  places;  mountains  and 
borders  of  streams. 


'  i 


til 


':  -i . 


:lih 


236 


BRYACE^. 


[Bryum. 


1     I: 


SUi 


s  i 


Ui  on  the  form  of  the  leaves,  which  are  extremely  variable,  the  follow- 
ing varieties  are  based:  —  Var.  cuspidatum,  Schimp.,  having  leaves  with 
a  more  or  less  broad  brown  margin,  the  costa  stout  and  percurrent;  Var. 
nieriiUonale,  Schimp.,  witli  the  costa  excurrent  into  a  lung  filiform  point 
and  the  borders  narrowly  margined;  Va,r.  Jlacciduin,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
with  slender  branches,  tlie  longer  more  distant  and  narrower  leaves 
softer,  obsoletely  margined,  and  obscurely  serrate  at  the  plliferous  apex, 
generally  found  in  the  Eastern  States  and  the  White  Mountains.  A 
variety  with  variously  colored  capsules,  mostly  dark  red,  was  distributed 
in  Stilliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  283  and  284,  as  B. 
occidentale,  SuUiv. 

82.  B.  occidentale,  SulUv.  Loosely  cespitose ;  stems 
short,  tomentose  under  the  crowded  tufts  of  floral  leaves ; 
innovations  slender  and  few,  thicker  in  the  middle  :  leaves 
elliptical  or  oblong-lanceolate,  entire,  flat  or  slightly  reflexed  on 
the  borders  ;  costa  stout,  excurrent  into  a  short  slightly  serrate 
point ;  basilar  areolation  quadrate,  the  upper  narrowly  rhom- 
boidal-hexagonal ;  iierichaetial  leaves  slightly  narrower :  cap- 
sule pendent,  oblong,  short-necked,  with  a  broad  orifice ;  lid 
convex-apicuhite ;  annulus  very  broad.  The  male  i)lants  are 
slender,  branching  in  successive  gemmaceous  innovations.  — 
Pacif.  li.  Hop.  iv.  188,  t.  7. 

Had.    Near  San  Francisco  (BUjelow). 

Separated  from  tlie  nearly  related  li.  aespUiciuin  by  the  erect  appressed 
decurrent  scarcely  margined  leaves,  not  so  acuminate  nor  so  long-cuspi- 
date, by  the  stouter  costa,  and  by  the  denser  areolation  composed  in  the 
lower  half  of  quadrate  cells.  It  has  also  an  oblong  and  smaller  capsule, 
with  but  a  slight  tendency  to  a  pyriform  outline,  a  wide  and  reddish  lid 
and  a  larger  annnliis.  —  (Sulllecmt.) 

33.  B.  obconicum,  Hornsch.  Plants  short,  radiculose  up 
to  the  innovations  :  stem-leaves  ovate,  the  comal  crowded,  open- 
erect,  imbricate  or  slightly  twisted  v/hen  dry,  ovate  or  ol)long, 
more  or  less  long-cusi)idate  by  the  excurrent  smooth  or  slightly 
denticulate  costa,  bordered  with  a  yellow  margin :  cai)sule  pen- 
dent, long-obconical,  the  sporangium  gradually  narrowed  to  a 
collum  nearly  as  long  and  to  the  reddish  brown  pedicel ;  lid 
hemispherical,  minutely  papillate.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  367. 

Hab.  Santa  Cruz  Mountains,  California  {Breioer);  Florida  (D.  B. 
Smith);  Colorado  {Wolf  &  Rothrock). 

Intermediate  between  B.  capillare  and  B.  coBsplticiwn.  From  the  first 
it  differs  in  its  shorter  gradually  acuminate  scarcely  twisted  and  more 
solid  leaves;  from  the  second  in  the  long-necked  narrowly  obconical  cap- 
sule, whose  orifice  has  a  cartilaginous  polished  border  and  a  bright  red 
lid.     The  margins  of  the  leaves  are  pale  yellow,  not  thickened. 


Bryum.] 


BRYACE/E. 


237 


34.  B.  Californicum,  SulHv.  Densely  cespitosc;  stems 
and  innovations  very  short,  bulbifonn  :  lower  leaves  distant, 
imbricate,  the  upper  densely  crowded  in  small  globose  heads, 
concave,  subqtiadrate-ovate,  short-apiculate  ;  borders  entire  and 
flat ;  costa  continuing  to  the  apex :  capsule  dark  red,  oblong, 
pendent,  ecpial  and  scarcely  narrowed  at  the  collum,  >vhich  is 
rugose  when  dry,  obtuse  at  l)ase  ;  lid  very  small,  hemispherical ; 
teeth  bright  purple,  deeply  inserted  and  distantly  articulate  ; 
cilia  short,  solitary,  not  appendiculate  ;  annulus  large,  revoluble. 
—  Pacif.  K.  Kep.  iv.  186,  t.  6. 

Hau.     Near  Benicla,  California  {Bhjeloio,  Bolander). 

As  remarked  by  the  autlior,  this  species  is  allied  to  B.  versicolor,  which 
however  has  the  pedicel  more  suddenly  bent  at  the  base  of  the  inflated 
collum,  and  the  leaves  longer  and  long-acutiiinate  by  the  excurrent  costa. 
From  B.  liUndli,  to  which  it  is  also  related,  it  differs  In  its  narrower 
leaves,  in  the  form  of  the  capsule,  which  is  subglobose  in  the  European 
species,  and  in  the  inner  peristome. 

35.  B.  cyclophyllum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  bright 
green,  soft,  loosely  cespitose,  more  or  less  divided  according  to 
size,  radiculose  near  the  base  at  the  axils  of  the  leaves :  stem- 
leaves  distant,  broadly  ovate,  narrowed  to  the  base,  the  comnl 
few,  broadly  oblong,  all  concave,  ol)tuse,  very  entire,  loosely 
areolate,  twisting  when  dry ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex  : 
male  plant  similar ;  perigonium  reddish,  gemmiform :  capsule 
pendent,  short,  pyriform,  broad-mouthed,  constricted  under  the 
orifice  when  dry;  peristonn^  regular.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  370. 
minium  cydophyllum^  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  ii.  2.  160,  t.  194. 

Hah,  On  stones  wet  by  spray,  at  Niagara  Falls  (Cr.  Jr.  Clinton)',  wet 
rocks,  Pennsylvania  (James). 

This  species  is  often  confounded  with  B.  cnlophi/llnm,  from  which  it 
differs  in  its  broader  softer  and  more  loosely  areolate  leaves,  in  the  in- 
florescence, and  the  regular  double  peristome  of  a  Bryum,  tlie  segments 
being  separated  by  appendiculate  cilia. 

36.  B.  pallens,  Swartz.  Tufts  short,  soft,  purplish  yellow : 
lower  leaves  remote,  open  or  recurved,  ovate-lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, decurrcnt  at  base,  the  upper  close,  tufted,  oblong-acumi- 
nate, and  mucronate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  all  surrounded  by 
a  narrow  margin  composed  of  two  rows  of  cells  ;  borders  plane 
in  the  upper  part,  reflcxed  near  the  base:  male  plants  more 
slender:  capsule  inclined,  more  rarely  pend<  nt,  often  cernuous 
or  incurved,  rarely  regular,  long-necked  and  pyriform,  soft,  yel- 
lowish or  brown,  erect  when  dry,  not  constricted  under  the 


nii 


w^ 

' 

ii 
i  ■ 

' 

'1 

1 

t 

t 

]  ■ 

238 


BRYACE^E. 


[Bryum. 


orifice ;  lid  mammiform,  sinning,  yellow ;  teeth  closely  articu- 
late, ferruginous ;  segments  pale  yellow.  —  Muse.  Suec.  47, 
t.  4  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  373. 

Had.  Wet  places  on  mountains;  New  Hampshire  (James)',  White 
Face  Moimtain,  in  the  Adirondacks  (C.  11.  Peck). 

Variable  in  the  size  of  the  plants,  the  length  of  the  pedicel,  and  the 
form  of  the  capsule. 

•^  -^  Male  floicers  suhdiscoid. 

37.  B.  Duvalii,  Voit.     In  very  loose  soft  purplish  green 

tufts ;   stems   long,  erect  when  young,  decumbent  when  old, 

slender,  as  are  also  the  few  very  long  innovations,  radiculose  at 

the  base  only :  leaves  distant,  open  or  reflexcd,  nearly  equal, 

broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  long-dec urrent,  ])lane  on   the  entire 

borders,  loosely  areolate,  much   contracted  when   dry ;   costa 

vanishing  below  the  apex ;  inner  pericha?tial  leaves  lanceolate, 

erect :  capsule  on  a  long  slender  pedicel,  sometimes  longer  than 

the  innovations,  obovate-oblong,  regular,  pendent,  constricted 

under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  lid  convex,  uniform  in  color.  — 

Sturm,  Deutschl.  Fl.  ii.  t. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  371. 

Hab.  Mountains  of  New  Englrnd  ( Oakes,  etc. ) ;  Canada,  New  Mexico, 
California,  Oregon,  etc. ;  not  common. 

38.  B.  pseudotriquetrum,  Schwaegr.  Plants  widely 
cespitose  or  pulvinate,  robust,  olive  or  greenish  yellow ;  stems 
sparingly  branching,  tomentose  to  the  apex :  leaves  gradually 
larger  and  more  crowded  toward  the  apex,  erect  or  spreading, 
loosely  appressed,  incurved  or  twisted  when  dry,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, gradually  acuminate,  serrate  at  the  apex,  bordered  by  a 
narrow  yellowish  margin  becoming  broader  toward  the  base 
and  reflexed ;  costa  stout,  reddish,  percurrent ;  involucral 
leaves  broadly  ovate,  acuminate,  costate,  spreading  when  mois- 
tened ;  antheridia  and  paraphyses  very  numerous :  capsule  long, 
pedicellate,  inclined,  long-obconical  or  oblong,  sometimes  curved 
upward  and  subventricose,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when 
dry  ;  lid  highly  convex,  papillate,  uniform  In  color  and  shining. 
—  Suppl.  i.  2.  110 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  364.  Mnium  triguetrum, 
Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  19,  t.  7. 

Hab.  Swampy  ground,  wet  rocks,  borders  of  springs;  plains  and 
mountains;  not  rare. 

39.  B.  turbinatum,  Schwaegr.  Plants  loosely  and  widely 
cespitose,  rarely  in   compact  tufts,  dirty  or  reddish  green ; 


liryum.] 


BRYACE^. 


239 


sterna  short,  often  bearing  long  slender  branches  reaching  as 
high  as  the  long  slender  pedicel :  lower  leaves  ovate-acuminate, 
concave,  the  ujjper  gradually  larger,  tufted,  ovate,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  obscurely  serrate  at  the  apex,  with  very  narrowly 
margined  and  rellexed  borders,  mucrcnate  by  a  stout  reddish 
excurrent  costa :  male  plants  in  separate  tufts  or  mixed  with 
the  fertile  ones,  more  slender  and  nearly  simple ;  perigonium 
thick,  subdlscoid,  in  a  tuft  of  few  leaves :  capsule  long-i>edi- 
celled,  pendent,  broadly  pyrifonn,  obconical  at  its  coUum,  con- 
stricted under  the  broad  orifice  wher*  dry ;  lid  convex,  apicu- 
late,  shining.  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  109  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  372,  excl.  var. 
latifoUum.  Mnium  turbinatum^  Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  iii.  22,  t.  8. 
II AB.  Wet  rooks,  Niagara  Falls;  Rocky  and  Uinta  Mountains;  Galton 
Mountains,  British  Columbia. 

40.  B.  Schleicheri,  Schwaegr.  Closely  resembles  the  last 
species,  differing  essentially  in  the  great  size  of  the  ]>lants,  the 
leaves  twice  or  thrice  larger,  bright  or  yellowish  green,  more 
concave,  not  carinate,  with  margin  narrower,  the  borders  nearly 
flat,  and  the  areolation  loose.  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  113,  t.  73.  ./?.  tur- 
bhiatum^  var.  latifoUum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  372. 

Var.  angUStatum,  Schimp.  Plants  shorter,  slender,  sim- 
ple :  leaves  smaller,  narrower.  —  Syn.  e<l.  2,  403. 

Var.  latifolium,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Tufts  soft,  inflated,  green  ; 
plants  long  (4  to  12  cm.),  rarely  simple  :  leaves  broadly  ovate, 
rounded-obtuse  or  oblong-ovate,  acuminate,  mucronate  by  the 
excurrent  costa. 

IIab.  Wet  meadows;  Bigtree  Grove,  California  (Bolnmler)\  near  Salt 
Lake  City  (Wat»on)\  Var.  anr/nstatum  in  the  Humboldt  Mountains, 
Nevada  (Watson). 

The  species  is  very  variable  in  all  its  characters. 

Subgenus  III.    RHODOBRYUM. 

Plants  fine  and  large,  with  a  single  innovation  from  under 
the  apex,  passing  into  a  stem  from  the  continuation  of  basilar 
subterranean  stolons.  Stem-leaves  distant,  subsquamiform,  the 
comal  crowded,  rosulate.    Flowers  dioecious,  discoid. 

41.  B.  roseum,  Schreb.  Stem-leaves  appressed,  oblong, 
lanceolate,  small  and  thin,  the  comal  more  solid,  spatulate, 
acuminate,    acutely    denticulate    from    the    middle    upward, 


'! 


''^i 

H^' 

■II 

'^Hi ' 

t>| 

HnP' ' 

ill 

m 

nn 

^P' 

a'  I 

9k 

f-'  1 

mk. 

T"T 


i 


M 


:  -l 


.1    I      ! 
i 


240 


BUYACE^. 


[Bryum. 


reflexed  to  the  base,  crispulate  wlicn  dry ;  costa  broad  and  red- 
dish at  base,  narrowed  upward  and  pereurrent ;  areolation  loose, 
the  cells  chlorophyllose :  male  ])lants  generally  in  separate 
tufts,  the  comal  leaves  shorter  and  broader,  spreading  star-like : 
capsule  single  or  two  or  three  in  the  same  pericluetium,  |)endent 
on  a  long  solid  dark  purple  pedicel,  oblong-conical,  slightly 
incurved,  rarely  obovate-oblong,  not  constricted  under  the  orifice 
when  dry,  solid ;  lid  mammiform,  dark  purple ;  teeth  very  long; 
inner  membrane  orange-colored ;  segments  laeunose  along  the 
keel;  annulus  revoluble.  —  Spieil.  Fl.  Lips.  84;  liryol.  Eur. 
t.  365. 

Had.  Shaded  pine  woods,  base  of  trees,  on  shaded  rocks  covered  with 
luunus;  not  rare  on  the  Eastern  slope.  Found  also  in  California  by  Jio- 
lander. 

The  most  beautiful  species  of  the  genus,  like  a  Mnium  in  appearance, 
but  closely  allied  to  B.  cainllare  in  its  characters. 

42.  B.  COncinnatum,  Sj)ruce.  Dioecious  .-plants  small, 
cespitose,  cohering  by  radicles  below ;  stem  about  2  cm.  long, 
erect,  julaceous,  slender,  filiform  from  the  base,  reddish  below, 
green  above:  leaves  erect-appressed,  broadly  ovate  or  oval- 
lanceolate,  carinate-concave,  apiculate  by  the  slender  subexcur- 
rent  costa ;  borders  erect  and  very  entire ;  upper  areolation 
narrowly  rhomboidal,  the  basilar  quadr.ate.  —  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  575. 
Had.    Kaaterskill  Falls,  Catskill  Mountains  (C.  //.  Peck). 

86.  ZIERIA,  Schimp. 
Plants  short,  cesjutulose,  branching  by  innovations  under  the 
flowers,  then  dichotomous.  Stems  radiculose  up  to  the  apex. 
Leaves  soft,  more  or  less  densely  imbricate,  ovate  and  oblong- 
acuminate,  apiculate  or  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa ;  are- 
olation broadly  hexagonal-rhomboidal.  Flowers  gemmiform. 
Capsule  horizontal  or  curved  down,  short-pedicelled,  very  long- 
necked,  narrowly  elliptical,  sporangium  inflated.  Lid  small, 
convex-apiculate,  oblique.  Peristome  double;  the  teet\  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  remotely  articulate ;  inner  membrane  divided 
into  narrow  segments,  often  united  at  the  apex  by  transverse 
divisions,  8epar.ated  by  rudimentary  cilia. 

1.  Z.  julacea,  Schimp.  Tufts  soft  and  loose,  silvery  white ; 
stems  short,  divided  into  numerous  erect  branchlets:   lower 


Mnium.] 


BRYACE^E. 


241 


stem-leaves  remote  or  destroyed  by  mneeration ;  comal  leaves 
oblong-lanceohite,  those  of  the  branchlets  densely  iiubrieate, 
broadly  ovate,  concavo,  acuminate ;  uiner  costa  soft,  exeurrent; 
areolation  very  broad  and  soft,  chloroj)liyllose  at  the  base  only, 
hyaline  above:  caj)sule  horizontal  or  slightly  inclined ;  colluin 
twice  as  long  as  the  sporangium  ;  lid  convex-conical,  acute, 
orange-colored,  the  capsule  being  yellowish-brown  ;  teeth  orange 
at  base,  subulate  and  whitish  at  the  ai>ex.  —  Coroll.  08.  liryum 
Zierii,  Dicks.  PI.  Crypt,  i.,  t.  4,  fig.  10 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  341. 

llAU.  Near  the  Height  of  Land,  Kocky  Mountains  of  British  America 
{Lruininond). 

2.  Z.  demissa,  Schimp.  Tufts  dense,  reddish  brown, 
densely  matted  by  a  felt  of  radicles :  stem-leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late, costa  vanishing  below  the  apex ;  comal  leaves  oblong- 
lanceolate,  long-cuspidate  by  the  exeurrent  costa ;  branch-leaves 
loosely  imbricate :  capsule  curved  down  on  an  arched  pedicel, 
clavate,  its  coilum  and  sporangium  of  ecpial  length,  yellow, 
chestnut-colored  when  old ;  lid  small,  mamillate,  oblique ;  teeth 
lanceolate;  segments  of  the  inner  membrane  twice  as  long  as 
the  teeth,  united  at  the  apex  and  adhering  by  transverse  lacinia; ; 
cilia  very  short,  single  or  bifid. —  Coroll.  09.  Jfeesia  demissa^ 
TIoj)pe  &  riornsch.,  IJegensb.  Flora,  ii.  100  (1819).  liryum 
demi'ssu)}},  Ilook.  Muse.  Exot.  t.  99;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  841. 

Had.  Fissures  of  rocks,  Twin  Lakes,  Colorado  (Downie,  liothrock  & 
Wolf,  Porter);  very  rare. 


|i#l' 


87.  MNIUM,  Linn.     (PI.  3.) 

Plants  larger  than  in  Uri/um,  gregarious,  or  more  generally 
loosely  and  widely  cespitosc.  Stems  produced  from  basilar 
innovations  or  from  subterranean  stolons,  woody,  tomentose, 
rarely  divided  and  sometimes  bearing  arcuate  creei)ing  flagelli- 
form  branchlets.  Leaves  3-5-ranked,  the  lower  smaller,  distant, 
the  n]  per  much  enlarged,  crowded  and  rosulate,  broadly  ovato 
or  spatulate;  costa  stout;  bordeis  thick,  simply  or  doubly 
dentate ;  cells  of  the  areolation  very  large,  round-hexagonal, 
hexagonal-oblong  near  the  base,  rarely  chlorophyllose.  Flowers 
bisexual  or  dioecious ;  the  male  discoid ;  antheridia  and  clavate 
paraphyses  axillary,  very  numerous.    Calyptra  cucuUate,  narrow, 


W' 


r  ' 

f 

1, 

1 

i 

;I          \\ 

m 


1. 1 


242 


BRYACE^. 


[Mnlnm. 


I.  5 


fugacious.  Capsules  on  long  often  clustered  pedicels,  inclined 
or  pendent,  ovate-oblong  or  subglobose,  the  short  coUuin  al> 
ruptly  narro\vi?ig  to  the  jiedicel.  Lid  nianunifonn  or  convex- 
conical,  more  or  less  long-beaked.  Peristome  as  in  Jii'i/um^  the 
inner  inend)rane  reaching  the  middle  of  the  teeth  ;  cilia  '1  or  3, 
not  appendiculate  at  the  articulations.  Annulus  narrow,  revolu- 
ble.     Spores  minute.  —  Astrojyhyllum^  Neck. 

*  Leaves  inaryined^  simply  serrate. 
•«-  Flowers  bisexual, 

1.  M.  CUSpidatum,  Iledw.  Plants  simple,  with  creeping 
or  guberect  stolons :  leaves  decurrent,  the  lower  obovate,  the 
comal  oi  ovate-oblong,  the  ])ericha;tial  sp'itulate,  those  of  the 
stolons  r()un<l-obovate,  all  npiculate-muo  onate  or  short-cuspidate 
by  the  excurrent  costa,  margined  by  a  triple  row  of  brown  cells 
and  solid  yellow  teeth :  capsule  single,  subj)endent,  oval,  light 
brown  ;  lid  highly  convex,  obtuse  or  papillate  ;  outer  j)erlstome 
yellow,  the  inner  orange,  solid ;  segments  broadly  open  on  the 
keel,  filiform  and  aj)iculate  at  the  apex ;  cilia  generally  three. 
—  Spec.  Muse.  192,  t.  45,  excl.  var. ;  Bryol.  Enr.  t.  396.  M. 
silvaticum^  Lindb.  Mniac.  Eur.  in  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  59. 

Uad.    Shaded  places  on  the  ground ;  common. 

2.  M.  Nevii,  Muell.  Plants  short,  yellowish  green  above; 
stems  simple,  clavate :  stem-le.aves  close,  spreading  or  reflexed 
when  moistened,  fleshy,  decurrent  and  narrowly  wedge-form  at 
base,  enlarged  upward  and  spatulate-ovate  or  orbiculate,  acu- 
minate or  aristate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  with  the  point  more 
or  less  flexuous;  borders  acutely  dentate  or  ciliate;  cells  of  the 
areolation  small,  regularly  hexagonal,  green  and  chloro])hyllose, 
yellowish  on  the  border ;  perichaetial  leaves  few,  small,  lanceo- 
late-acuminate, entire,  bordered  above  only  by  a  narrow  margin  : 
capsules  aggregated  (2  or  3),  cylindrical-oblong,  enlarged  at 
base ;  pedicels  yellow,  flexuous :  lid  and  calyptra  not  seen.  — 
Regensb.  Flora,  Ivi.  480  (1873). 

Had.    Portland,  Oregon  {R.  D.  Nevius). 

The  species  is  allied  to  M.  cuspidatum,  but  is  recognized  at  first  sigb* 
by  its  simple  clavate  stems. 

3.  M.  venustum,  Mitt.  Plants  erect,  pale  green  or  greenish 
yellow ;  stems  erect,  rigid,  simple  or  once  forked,  densely  foliate 


iji 

1 

:    L 

i 

mk^ 

-  ■! 

Mnlum.] 


BUYACE.E. 


243 


toward  the  apex :  leaves  spreadinj;  when  moist,  the  coiiial  open, 
erect,  hroadly  elliptical,  acuminate  or  cuspidate  by  the  excur- 
rent  thick  costa,  sharjtly  <lentate  on  the  lK)i(lers;  pericluetial 
leaves  cuspidate,  the  inner  narrow,  lanceolate:  capsules  ai,'i,ne- 
pated  (3  or  4),  lonp-pedicelled,  inclined  or  pendent,  ohloiii;, 
broad-mouthed,  pra<lually  narrowinu;  to  the  pedicel,  papillose  and 
stonialose  toward  the  base;  lid  obtusely  conical  or  obtusely 
ajticulate;  aimulus  simple,  broad.  —  Kew  Journ.  IJot.  viii.  231 
(1800),  1. 12,  13;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  52,  t.  30. 

II AU.  I'lVfiHe  coast,  from  California  noitlnvaiil.  not  rare  (Douylas, 
etc.);  W.  Montana,  N.  Idaho,  and  Spokan  Falls  (  Watson). 

4.  M.  medium,  Bmch  &  Schimp.  Plants  lari^e,  broadly 
eespitose:  lower  leaves  distant,  ovate,  cuspidate,  the  comal 
obovate-linufulate,  narrowed  to  the  half-clas|)ini;  base,  cus|iidate, 
sharply  serrate  and  narrowly  mar<;ined  all  around  :  cajtsules 
solitary  or  in  jtairs,  pendent,  oblong ;  lid  highly  convex,  apicu- 
late.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  398. 

IIab.  lY'iid  d'Oreille  Lake  In  N.  Idaho;  Fort  Colvllle  and  Cascade 
Mountains,  Washington  Territory;  Wasatcli  Muuntains;  also  tlie  Eastern 
slope,  in  \e\v  Jersey,  New  York,  and  Massachusetts. 

Closely  resenilding  3/.  (ijfine,  hut  ditTerint,'  in  the  inflorescence,  tlie 
leaves  more  sharply  serrate  and  lesscrispate  when  dry,  the  capsule  longer, 
with  a  longer  and  more  acute  lid,  and  the  teeth  narrower. 

5.  M.  Drummondii,   Bruch  &  Schimp.      Plants  loosely 

eespitose  •  leaves  open,  reflexed,  decurrent  at  base,  the  lower 

small,  distant,  elliptical-obovate,  the  coinal   gra(hnilly   larger, 

crowded,  obovate-lanceolate ;   outer  pericluetial  leaves  oblong, 

spatulate,  the  inner  very  small  and  lanceolate,  all  mucronate- 

apicidate,  bordered  by  a  yellowish  brown  margin,  ciliate-dentate 

above;  costa  thick,  nearly  continuous;  cells  of  the  areolation 

i\»nnd-hexagonal,  chlorophyllose,  those  of  the  base  oblong  and 

nearly  empty:  capsules  clustered  (2  or  3),  oval-oblong,  nearly 

pendent;   lid  mammiform;   segments  of  the   inner  i)eristome 

orange-colored,  broadly  lacunose,  with  2  or  3  intermediate  cilia. 

—  Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  ii.  6G9  (1843) ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 

47,  and  Icon.  Muse.  83,  t.  51 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lescp  Muse.  Bor.-Araer. 

Ex  sice.  n.  199. 

Had.  White  Mountains  (Oakes,  James)',  Maine  (Scribner);  Ontario 
{Macoitn)',  British  America  { Dritmmond) ;  Oregon  {flail),  n.  257,  partly. 

6.  M.  rOStratum,  Schwaegr.  Loosely  eespitose,  with  long 
creeping  stolons ;  fertile  stems  short,  simple,  erect :  branch-  and 


w, 


«L4i 


i  !  .{ 


\\ 


244 


BIIYACE^. 


[Mnium. 


stc'in-lcftvcs  imrrowcfl  nt  Imso,  l)roa(lIy  olmvnto  or  liiit^ulate,  the- 
coiiial  loii|Ljcr,  Hp.'itiilatc,  rceurvt'd  when  dry,  utidulate  on  tlio 
rrtli'Xi'd  Ixtrdi'i'H,  with  broad  distantly  Hcrrate  hrown  niar_y;inM, 
nuicronati'  or  apiculatc  by  tlio  8tout  oxciirrent  costii ;  itericlia'tial 
luavt's  lanct'oiati',  t-ntirc,  Htronj^ly  costatc:  calyptra  j>ersiHti'nt : 
ca|>Mult'M  ovate,  yi'llowish,  sot't,  more  <jr  less  ini'iini'd  on  the 
curved  pedicel,  1  to  JJ  in  llie  same  perichietiinn  ;  n<l  eonvex,  con- 
ical-beaked,  pale  yellow;  outer  peristome  yellow,  the  inner 
oranjj;e.  —  Suppl.  x.'l.  1250,  t.  71>;  Bryol.  Kur.  t.  iiUo,  liryui.i 
rontnitiini^  Schrad.  Spieil.  ¥\.  (ierm.  7*2. 

Il.vn.  Aloiii;  wooillaiul  rivulets,  wet  santl  or  rocks  wet  by  spray;  not 
rare  on  the  Ka»lern  slope;  not  yet  foiuul  ou  the  Western. 

•K  -K   J^yoifcrs  ditvciotis  ;  the  male  discoul. 

7.  M.  afflne,  IJIand.  Plants  large,  widely  and  loosely  ces- 
pitose,  sometimes  stoloniferous ;  leaves  spreading,  reeurved 
when  dry  and  erispate  on  the  borders;  lower  stem-leaves  round- 
obovate,  those  in  the  middle  ovate-oblonnr,  more  or  less  deeur- 
rent,the  upper  crowded  and  rosidate,  obovatu  and  long-s|»atulate; 
outer  peridnetial  leaves  inu'rowly  lipatulate,  the  inner  lanceolate, 
all  more  or  less  abruptly  acuminate  and  cusj)idate  by  the  stout 
excurrent  oosta,  bordered  all  around  with  an  acutely  dentate 
margin  :  male  tlowers  large :  capsules  clustered  (1  to  8  or  more), 
pendent,  oblong,  glaucous-green  until  fully  ripe,  then  yellowish 
brown;  lid  convex,  apiculate;  ])eristome  as  in  the  preceding. — 
Schwaegr.  Supi)l.  i.  '1.  134 ;  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  397.  J/  cunpidatum, 
Neck.;  Lindb.  Mniac.  Eur.  03. 

Var.  elatum,  limch  &  Schimp.  Stems  slender;  stolons 
erect :  leaves  bordered  with  a  pale  margin,  with  short  and  dis- 
tant teeth  :  capsule  shorter,  generally  solitary. 

Var.  rugicum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  shorter,  simjde, 
with  shorter  leaves ;  those  of  the  branches  cordate,  ajiiculate  or 
not,  nearly  entire:  capsule  smaller,  inclined  or  cernuous. 

IIau.  On  the  sirountl  an  J  shaded  banks  or  roots  of  trees,  common; 
var.  elntnm  on  damp  sandstone  rocks  in  woods,  Southern  Ohio. 

8.  M.  insigne,  Mitt.  Plants  robust,  yellowish  green ; 
stems  simjile,  erect,  remotely  foliate,  radicidose  at  the  base  only : 
leaves  oblong  and  oblong-lanceolate,  cusi)idate  by  the  excurrent 
costa,  long-decurrent  at  the  gradually  narrowed  base,  surrounded 
by  a  colored  serrate  margin  ;  outer  jjerichaetial  leaves  longei-, 
the  inner  short,  narrow,  subulate  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  half 


:>  i^ 


iU^ 

* 

i 

Mninm.] 


DRYACE.E. 


24.-) 


pctidfut,    ovntc-cylimlrical,   clnstcnMl     ('2   to   4)  ;    I'nl    convex, 
ohtusi'ly  a|ii(Mil:itt'.  —  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Su|»|>I.  M,  t.  '^7. 

11  All.  U't-'Kiorii  8l(lc  uf  the  Kucky  MuuiitaiiiN,  aiul  V'uncuiivor  I.tluiul; 
not  rare. 

Miltt'ii  says  that  it  differs  from  iV.  offlnr  in  its  lontjor  narrower  leave«, 
whicii  are  wiili-Iy  tlecurreiit  at  l»ase,  wiiiic;  tlu'y  are  not  at  ail  tlt'curreiit  in 
M.  iijflnc.  .Siiiiivant  ri^'hlly  reinarks  tliat  tiit;  liistinctioii  in  tlie  form  <>f 
tlie  leaves  is  <|iiitc  correot,  hul  tliat  in  M.  ajfhir  tlie  h'aves  are  always  more 
or  loss  (lecurrent,  anil  that  it  is  therefore  (lilUeiilt  to  separate  these  species. 
*  *  J^eaces  with  a  thick  douhli/  dentitte  Ttidtyi/i. 
•i-  Lid  fnatniUHte. 

0.  M.  hornuni,  Tiinn.  l)i<i'clons:  jilants  densely  ccsititoso, 
densely  radiciilose  below;  stoiiiH  sim|»le,  liearini;  at  Itase  a  few 
densely  foliate  flai^elllform  branclilets :  leaves  gradually  closer 
mid  lart(er  from  the  haso  upward,  open,  erect,  slightly  or  not 
nt  all  decnrrent,  a  little  twisted  when  dry,  the  lowest  sipiaini- 
forin  with  borders  entire  and  costa  red<lish,  the  middle  oval- 
ohloni;,  the  npper  ohlonjjj;  outer  periclnvtial  leaves  narrowly 
lin<^ulate-spatulato,  the  inner  lanceolate,  all  sharply  acuminate 
and  Hrmly  dentate:  capsule  lonjjf-pedicelled, horizontally  inclined, 
elliptical,  sjfreen  when  ripe  and  tilled  with  the  spores.  —  Spec. 
PI.  1112;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  390. 

II AH.  More  generally  on  quartz  or  schistose  reeks;  plains  and  moun- 
tains. White  Mountains  (OnkcH);  mountains  of  North  Carolina  {Itnrk- 
ley)',  Lancaster  and  Northampton  Counties,  Pennsylvania  (  T.  I*.  Jaincs) ; 
Nova  Scotia  {N.  li.  Jamvs). 

-J- -I-  Lid  roHtntte. 

10.  M.  Serratum,  Laich.  Bisexual :  loosely  ces[»itose ; 
tufts  soft,  bright  green;  stems  short,  slender,  iturjdish,  simjde 
or  with  slender  basilar  erect  branchlets :  leaves  <listant,  decnr- 
rent, more  or  less  twisted  when  dry,  the  lower  ovate-lanceolate, 
the  upper  oblong  spatulate-lanceolate ;  pericha'tial  leaves  nar- 
rowly lingulate-lanccolate,  all  acutely  acuminate,  with  spinulose- 
dentate  margins,  which  are  confluent  at  the  ajjcx  with  the 
costa:  capsule  horizontally  inclined,  oval  and  oblong,  jiale  yel- 
low, pur[)le  at  the  orifice,  soft;  lid  ])ale.  —  PI.  Eur.  478;  Brid. 
Muse.  Recent,  i.  3.  84,  t.  1  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  391.  Brywn  serra- 
twn^  Schrad.  Spicil.  Fl.  Germ.  71,  in  part  (?).  M.  niarr/inatumy 
Beauv. ;  Lindb.  Obs.  Mniac.  46. 

Hab.  Sandy  borders  of  rivulets  in  woods;  not  rare.  Not  yet  found 
on  the  Western  slope,  as  Drummond's  n.  259,  so  named,  is  referred  l)y 
Schimper  to  the  following  species.    But  a  close  examination  of  the  speci- 


n 


. .  i;: 


'  :■  %■■• 

ill  lit- 


Wr^ 


240 


BRYACEJ5. 


[Mnlum, 


I! 


hi 
If 


•ii 


1 1 

'I 


men*!  of  three  of  Drmiiinnnd's  «pt«  Imn  failed  to  «liow  a  single  liliroloiM 
Iilaiit ;  lieiwo  Seliliiipei'H  refcreiiee  Ih  ntill  tineertain. 

11.  M.  orthorrhynchum,  Hnich  &  Schimp.  Diacioim. 
I)irt't'rM  fnun  tlu'  int'ciMliiii^  in  tlu'  inflorescence,  the  piantH 
Homeu'liat  more  Holid  and  more  <lensely  foliate,  with  a  HJii^htly 
HMialh'r  areohitioii,  the  teeth  more  atMite,  the  coHta  Hpinnlose  on 
the  hack,  th«'  male  flowers  discoid  and  |»oly|»hyllouH,  the  oajwule 
Huhventricose,  sllirhtly  curved  upwards,  as  also  the  heak  of  the 
lid,  which  is  somewhat  longer  and  thicker,  and  the  spores  twii'O 
ns  larj,'«'. —  Hryol.  Kur.,  t.  .)!)!. 

II AH.  Mii>,'iira  Falls  (Cihitnn);  Kaston,  Penn.  {JumrH);  Ontario  {}fn- 
coun)',  ('Dionulo  {Itothrock  &  Mo//);  nritish  America  (Druimiiond). 

1-.  M.  lycopodioides,  Schwaej^r,  Did'cious:  plants  loosely 
ces|)itose,  slender,  dirty  j^reen  :  lower  leaves  <listant,  ohionuf,  the 
upper  <;radually  lander  and  loni^-lintjulate,  the  perichu'tial  hu1>- 
linear,  all  cus|>idate  hy  the  excurrent  reddish  brown  costa ; 
teeth  of  the  brown  margin  close  and  sharply  acute;  areolation 
dense:  capsule  horizontal,  louijer  than  in  the  last  two  species, 
subcylindrical  and  ni(»re  or  less  incurved,  brown;  teeth  longer. 
—  Suppl.  ii.  2.  t>4,  t.  Kiil;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  m)2. 

II AU.  ItorderM  of  rocky  brooks  in  pine  woods;  Adirondack  Mountains 
{LeH(jncrcujr);  White  Mountains  (Juiuca);  Canada  (iVr^.  lini/). 

Vi.  M.  umbratile,  Mitt.  Diu'cious:  plants  loosely  ccspi- 
tose  or  j^rejjfarioiis,  dark  jjjreen:  leaves  loosely  spreading,  the 
lower  smaller,  oblong,  acute  or  very  entire,  the  upper  elliptical- 
oblong,  short-npiculate,  long-decurrent,  with  narrow  doubly 
serrate  borders;  costa  percurrcnt;  cells  of  the  areolation 
rouinled,  thi<'k-walled  ;  iniu'r  j)erich{etial  leaves  short,  lanceolate, 
the  outer  long-linear,  narrower  than  those  of  the  stem:  capsiUe 
solitary,  cylindrical-()bl()ng,  narrowed  at  base,  curved,  stibinclined 
or  horizontal  on  a  long  reddish  flexuous  pedicel ;  lid  pale,  con- 
ical, beaked.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  30;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse. 
Sup])l.  T)!,  t.  35. 

II  AU.  Mountain  Rocks,  Portage  River  ( Drummond) ;  Galton  Mountains, 
British  Columbia  (Lyall). 

Resembles  in  its  foliage  3/.  serratumy  Brid.,  but  is  allied  by  its  inflores- 
cence to  M.  orthorrhynchum,  differing  from  it  in  its  softer  leaves,  with 
cells  four  times  as  large,  and  also  from  the  last  species,  whose  cells  are 
only  half  as  large  and  the  comal  leaves  long  and  narrow. 

14.  M.  Spinosum,  Schwaegr.  Dioecious:  plants  widely 
and   loosely  cespitose,  stout,  dark  purple,  often   2-3-parte(i; 


m 


}fnliim.  I 


nuYArE/K. 


247 


ItnuicIih'tN  «l('M»<'ly  foliatp,  tl.'iijcHifonn :  Iowmt  Iravcs  Hmiill  and 
(listMtit,  si|iiaiiiifi>i'in,  ohioti;;,  ohtiisc,  entire,  seariose,  the  upper 
a?i(|  comal  nliruptly  larijer,  npreadi'  <^  open,  erispate  when  dry, 
ovate  or  oMf)ni;-aeuniiiiate,  Hpatiilate ;  perieha'tial  leaven  nar- 
rower, nhortly  cuspidate  by  the  exenrrent  l»rown  eosta,  inari;in 
pin'plish  brown;  teeth  Hpiniforin :  male  plants  mixed  with  the 
t'ertiU'  or  in  si-parate  tufts:  capsules  clustered  (I  to  r>),  ovate- 
()l>lon<^%  solid,  hori/otital  or  inclined  on  a  reddish  pedicel;  lid 
conical,  obtusely  beaked.  —  Suppl.  i.  ±  I'M),  t.7H;  llryol.  Kur. 
t.  'VXi.     lirifiitn  uphioHifniy  Voit  in  Sturm,  Deutschl.  I''l.  ii.  t. 

Hah.  I'mliT  low  peinli'iit  branchcH  of  pint's,  in  nildillt;  ilistrictH  of  the 
Ilocky  MoMiitiiins  { Ihnniii')'  very  nirc. 

A  l)0!iulifiil  sprclciH,  easily  (llstlnj^nlHhuhJt'  by  its  dark  kiocii  foliai,'o,  tlio 
It'iivt's  iil>riii»tly  lonjior  at  the  top  of  the  stiMn,  and  tlie  niui(>  IIowcm 
rosiihitf. 

IT).  M.  Spinulosum,  Hruch  &  Schimp.      Syna-cious:  re- 

somblinLT  the  last;  plants  less  rol>ust,  briu^ht  or  yellowish  ijreen: 

leaves  broader,  loniujer-decurrent  at  base,  more  abruptly  enlar<;ed, 

obovate-ol)loni,',  less  crispato  when  <lry,  npiculate  by  the  exenrrent 

costa;  marijfin  reddish;  outer  perichiL'tial  leaves  narrowly  acund- 

iiate-lyrate,  tho  inner  very  8>nall,  lanceolat*; :  capHules  j^enerally 

clustered  ('J  to  (»),  smaller  and  shorter,  mostly  pendent  or  more 

incliiKMl,  thin,  greenish  yellow  when  ripe,  yellowish  brown  when 

empty;  litl  narrower,  conical,  Khort-buaked,  orange-colored.— 

Bryoi.  Eur.  t.  394. 

II AH.    Pine  woods  in  the  mountains;  not  rare. 

This  species  Is  very  rare  In  Europe,  whih'  the  precedlnc;  is  quite  com- 
mon In  the  Jurassic  or  subalplne  region.  It  is  the  reverse  for  the  distri- 
bution of  these  two  species  In  North  America. 

#  #  #  Leaves  tcithout  marr/his,  serrate  or  entire. 
•t-  Lul  highly  convex^  obtuse  or  apiculate. 
IC.  M.  stellar e,  Kcichard.  DicDcious :  8ul>-cespitoso,  pale 
green:  leaves  soft,  gradually  larger  up  to  the  apex  of  the  stems, 
open,  erect,  slightly  dccurrent,  oblong  and  long  ellipticiil-acumi- 
nate,  the  lower  nearly  entire,  the  upper  simi)ly  and  irregularly 
dentate  ;  perichajtial  leaves  longer  and  narrower;  costa  slender, 
vanishing  abruptly  below  the  apex :  capside  solitary,  horizontally 
inclined,  ovate-oblong,  nearly  regular,  soft;  lid  orange,  convex, 
obtuse.  —  Hedw.  Spec.  Muse.  191,  t.  45;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  401. 
M.  Blyttiiy  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  400 ;  Lindb.  Mniac. 
Eur.  54. 


1 


if} 


I 


H 

^ .-  ■  ! 

;•  * 
*  t 

m 


I 

'Iff" 


i' ' 


H:' 


248 


BRYACE^. 


[MnUmi. 


Nfii 


IlAn.     Shaded  banks,  on  luunus;  roots  of  trees.     Very  rare  in  fruit. 

Scliliiiper  says  (Syn.  ed.  2,  487),  that  fruiting  spociirens  of  M.  UbjttU, 
found  by  Dr.  Kiii'r  in  Dovrefleld,  Norway,  oblige  him  to  unite  that  specit's 
to  M.  Htclliire,  from  which  It  differs  merely  in  its  more  compact  tufts  and 
higher  stems. 

17.  M.  cinclidioides,  Iltieben.  Dia'clous :  plants  larijo, 
loosely  cespitose,  bright  green  and  shining  when  young,  blackish 
when  old,  the  sterile  branches  with  larger  leaves ;  stems  dark 
brown  :  leaves  remote,  large,  the  lower  inserted  only  by  the 
dilated  base  of  the  costa,  round-ovate  or  exactly  oblong,  the 
upper  and  comal  broadly  Ungulate,  rounded  and  slightly  emar- 
ginate  at  the  apex  or  shortly  apiculate,  deeply  undulate ;  outer 
])erich{i3tial  leaves  spatulate,  the  inner  small  and  lanceolate ; 
costa  gradually  narrower  upward,  vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  all 
the  leaves  thin,  subscarious,  soft,  scarcely  changed  when  dry; 
areolation  obliquely  oval,  loose :  capsule  on  a  long  eJender 
pedicel,  abruptly  jiendent,  ovate;  lid  convex,  apiculate  cr  acii- 
niinate.  — Muse.  Germ.  416  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  401^. 

Had.     Bogs,  in  New  England  {Eaton,  Ingraham,  James). 

*  *  #  *  Leaves  margined^  very  entire. 
-»-  Lid  rostrcuc 

18.  M.  punctatum,  Hedw.  Dicecious:  jdants  in  loose 
dark  or  yellowish  green  tufts ;  stems  rigid,  covered  uj)  to  the 
fruit-bearing  apex  with  dark  brown  rootlets :  branch-  and  stem- 
leaves  remote,  open  or  reflexed,  large,  the  lower  round-ovate, 
narrowed  to  the  base,  inserted  by  the  enlarged  costa ;  the  upper 
rosulate,  4  to  6,  broadly  ovate-spatulate,  surrounded  by  a  brown 
hard  thick  margin,  subemarginate  and  apiculate  at  the  summit ; 
costa  pur[)lish,  abruptly  vanishing  near  the  apex :  male  plants 
more  slender,  Avith  scarcely  any  stem-leaves:  caj>sule  oval, 
mostly  solitary,  horizontally  inclined,  green  when  ripe ;  lid 
acutely  beaked.  —  Spec.  Muse.  193  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  387. 

II AB.  Cold  springs  and  borders  of  brooks,  on  mountains;  rarely 
fruiting. 

Besides  var.  datum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  wliose  robust  stems  are  12  to  15 
cm.  long,  local  varieties  are  often  noted.  Specimens  from  Alaska  have 
the  leave  i  bordered  by  a  thick  broad  dark  orange  margin. 

19.  M.  subglobosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Syncecious : 
a|)pearing  at  firsu  sight  like  a  more  compact  form  of  31.  ptmc- 
tatum,  with  slender  densely  tonientose  yellowish  brown  stems 
and  small  leaves,  but  differing  essentially  in  its  bisexual  flowers 


Cinclidium.] 


BRYACE.E. 


249 


and  in  its  broadly  obovate  leaves,  not  eniarujinate  nor  aj^iculate 
at  the  apex,  the  margins  broader,  not  thicker,  and  nnifonu  in 
color;  the  ca])sules  (not  yet  ripe)  are  small,  shorter,  abruptly 
j)endent ;  lid  eonieal-beaked,  straight,  not  very  acute.  —  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  388.  J/  pseuilopu/ictation,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  in  Lond. 
Journ.  Bot.  ii.  CG9  (1843). 

II AH.    Swamps    and  wet  places    in  vNoods;   Northwestern    America 
(Druiuniond,  Me  tschimper). 

20.  M.  hymenophylloides,  Ilueben.  In  soft  loose  pale 
green  tufts;  stems  radicuiose  below,  dark  brown  :  lower  leaves 
round-ovate,  the  upj»er  narrowed  at  base,  shortly  an<l  obtusely 
acuminate ;  costa  gradually  thicker  toward  the  base,  vanishing 
below  the  apex ;  branch-leaves  distant,  vertically  exposed  and 
distichous,  the  young  pale  or  yellowish  green,  the  old  brownish, 
more  solid,  e<iually  margined  all  around :  fruit  unknown.  — 
Muse.  Germ.  410;  Brvol.  Eur.  t.  399. 

Had,     Trenton  Falls,  New  York  {James). 

♦  #  *  *  *  Stems  tree-like :  leaves  dimorphous. 

21.  M.  Menziesii,  Muell.  Dioecious :  loosely  cesj)itose ;  stems 
rigid,  6  to  10  cm.  long,  tomentose  at  base,  dividing  at  the  sum- 
mit into  numerous  spreading  simj)le  branchlets  covered  with 
distant  api>ressed  s(iuamiform  scarious  lanceolate  acuminate 
■whitish  leaves,  ciliate-dentate  from  the  mi<ldle  upward ;  costa 
vanishing  below  the  apex  ;  branch-leaves  ovate,  lanceolate-acu- 
minate, simply  serrate  above,  concave-j)licate,  the  costa  abruptly 
spinose  on  the  back,  vanishing  below  the  aju'x ;  pericha^tial 
leaves  broadly  oval,  long-acuminate,  serrulate  at  the  apex : 
pedicels  long,  generally  clustered  :  capsule  oval-cylindric,  broad- 
mouthed,  pendent ;  peristome  large,  robust.  —  Syn.  i.  177. 
Bryuni  Menziesii.,  Hook.  Bot.  ]\Iisc.  i.  3G,  t.  19.  Ihjpnnm 
acanthoneuron.,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.  t.  258''-  lihizogoninm, 
acanthoneuron,  Muell.  Bot.  Zeit.  v.  803.  Leucolepis  acantho- 
neiiray  Lindb.  Mniac.  Eur.  87. 

Hab.    Western  coast  of  North  America;  not  rare. 

88.  CINCLIDIUM,  Swartz. 

Closely  allied  to  3ftnum,  separated  especially  by  the  peculiar 
structure  of  the  peristome ;  the  outer  composed  of  linear- 
lanceolate  obtuse  teeth,  transversely  latticed  and  membrana* 


M 


M 


I  < 


'! 


rm:'W^ 


250 


BRYACEiE. 


[Cinclidium, 


m 


i'  ;k 


ceous  on  the  inside,  shorter  than  the  inner  peristome,  to  which 
they  are  adherent  before  becoming  free  by  age,  yellowish  brown, 
hygroscopical ;  the  inner  formed  of  a  cupuliform  reticulate 
membrane,  ])ierce(l  at  the  top  by  the  point  of  the  columella, 
lG-])licate  and  -carinate,  the  keels  alternating  with  the  outer 
teeth,  solid,  orange-colored,  persistent  as  carinate  columnar 
remnants  between  the  teeth  after  the  falling  of  the  lid.  Annulus 
small,  rudimentary,  persistent.     Spores  very  large,  brown  or 


green. 


1.  C.  stygium,  Swartz.  Stem  blackish  tomentose,  simple 
or  bearing  few  branchlets,  rather  distantly  foliate :  lower  leaves 
scattered,  round-ovate,  obtuse,  the  upjier  crowded  into  a  rosulate 
tuft,  abruptly  broadly  ovate  or  ovate-oblong  from  the  narrowed 
base,  apiculate ;  borders  opaque,  cartilaginous ;  costa  dirty 
green  or  blackish  in  old  leaves,  stibpercurrent :  capsule  pendent, 
oblong-pyriform  with  an  inflated  apophysis.  —  Schrad.  Journ. 
V.  27,  t.  2  (1801).  3Inium  stygium^  Bruch  and  Schimp.  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  385. 

Hab.     Kocky  Mountains  (Brummond). 

2.  0.  SUbrotundum,  Lindb.  Differing  from  C.  stygmm 
especially  in  its  smaller  size  and  bisexual  flowers;  the  leaves 
rounded  from  a  very  short  narrowed  base,  emarginate  and 
obtusely  short-apiculate,  with  the  nearly  flat  borders  narrowly 
margined  by  a  double  row  of  dark  red  cells,  the  costa  vanishing 
below  the  apex,  the  cells  large,  disposed  in  diverging  rows, 
irregularly  rhomboidal-oval,  very  slightly  but  uniformly  thick- 
ened, chlorophyllose ;  the  capsule  small,  very  thin,  inclined  or 
subpendent,  globose-oval,  purple  and  narrowed  at  the  orifice, 
with  a  very  short  collum,  the  lid  very  highly  convex  and  very 
shortly  apiculate,  the  teeth  yellow,  linear-lanceolate,  muticous; 
the  spores  green  and  slightly  smaller. — Mniac.  Eur.  in  Faun. 
Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  72. 

Hab.  Greenland  ( Vahl)  and  Labrador  {Breutel),  according  to  Lind- 
bcrg. 

89.  RHIZOGONIUM,  Brid. 
Stems  simple,  or  rarely  branching  by  innovations.     Leaves 
solid,    rigid.     Capsule  obconical,    cernuous,    long-pedicellate. 
Peristome  double,  perfect. 


Leptothcca.] 


BRYACE.E. 


251 


1.  R.  spiniforxne,  Briich.  Syna?cious:  stems  long,  tomen- 
tose  below,  erect,  simple  or  divided  in  the  middle ;  branches  of 
equal  length,  curved,  loosely  foliate :  stem-leaves  fuscous,  long- 
lanceolate,  doubly-serrate  on  the  borders,  coarsely  serrate  at 
the  apex ;  costa  sharply  serrate  above,  excurrent ;  pericluetlal 
leaves  broadly  oval  at  the  clasping  base,  abruptly  acuminate ; 
cells  of  the  areolation  round,  small,  somewhat  obscure :  capsule 
inclined  or  horizontal,  obconical,  enlarged  at  the  orifice,  truncate; 
pedicel  very  long ;  lid  with  a  short  curved  beak.  —  Regensb. 
Flora,  xxix.  134  (1846).  Mniiim  spini/orme,  Muell.  Syn. 
i.  175. 

IIah.  Gulf  shores,  Alabama  and  Louisiana;  in  deep  swamps  at  Spring 
Hill,  near  Mobile  (Mohr);  not  rare  in  Florida. 


'!'W 


90.  LEPTOTHEOA,  Schwaegr. 

Leaves  large,  marginate.  Calyptra  dimidiate.  Capsule 
cylindric-oblong.  Peristome  double,  the  outer  of  16  linear- 
lanceolate  erect  teeth,  the  inner  a  thin  membrane,  short  and 
entire,  or  longer  and  cut  into  16  segments,  with  or  without 
intermediate  rudimentary  cilia. 

1.  L.  Wrightii,  Sulliv.  Pseudo-monoecious:  stems  short, 
simple,  in  dense  tomentose  tufts:  leaves  rosulate,  spreading,  the 
comal  oblong-obovate  or  obovate-spatulate,  narrowly  margined, 
apiculate  or  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  often  recurved  costa ; 
borders  recurved  and  serrulate  above ;  cells  oval  nexagonal, 
filled  by  the  contracted  utricle:  calyi)tra  dimidiate-subulate: 
capsule  erect,  cylind  ical,  slender;  lid  conical,  short-beaked; 
teeth  very  long  and  narrow,  minutely  papillose,  contracted  at 
the  articu'itions;  inner  membrane  short,  not  passing  above  the 
large  com]  ound  annulus.  Minute  male  buds,  evidently  from 
the  germipi  ion  of  spores,  occur  on  various  parts  of  the  fertile 
plants.  —  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  v.  281. 

Hab.    Enterprise,  Florida  ( W.  L.  Foster,  1875). 

SuBTRiBE  I.    AULACOMNIEuE. 

Plants  radiculose.  Leaves  densely  areolate,  the  cells  small, 
round  or  hexagonal-rectangular.  Capsule  ovate-oblong,  short- 
necked.    Peristome  of  Mnium. 


lit 


n  I  f  li 


'1 


U: 


252 


BRYACE^. 


[Aulncomnium. 


01.  AULAOOMNIUM,  Schwaegr.    (PI.  3.) 

Leaves  oblong  or  long-lanccolato,  ])apillose ;  costa  somitercte, 
dissolved  below  tlie  apex ;  areolatlon  nearly  equal.  Flowers 
di(T3cious,  the  male  discoid  or  gemmiforin.  Calyptra  narrowly 
cucuUate,  long-beaked.  —  Sphcerocejyhalus,  Neck. 

#  Dioecious  /  male  Jioicers  (/emmiform,  terminal. 

1.  A.  androgynum,  Schwaegr.  Tufts  dense,  green  above, 
ferruginous-tonientose  inside  ;  stems  often  prolonged  into  small 
granuliferous  ajtical  heads  {j^seudopodia) :  leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, obscurely  denticulate  at  the  apex,  curved,  slightly  twisted 
when  dry ;  cells  of  the  areolation  small,  round,  papillose  on 
both  faces :  calyptra  descending  to  the  middle  of  the  capsule, 
long-beaked :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  cernuous-horizontal, 
furrowed  when  old  ;  lid  large,  highly  convex-conical ;  annulus 
compound,  revolublo.  —  Suppl.  iii.,  ♦..  215;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  406. 
Mnium  androgynum^  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1110.  Orlhopyxis  an- 
drogyna^  Beauv. ;   Lindb.  Mniac.  Eur.  77. 

Had.  On  bare  earth,  roots  of  trees,  in  fissures  of  granite  rocks,  etc.; 
plains  and  mountains.  Cliimney  Roclcs,  French  River  [SuUixiani),  Very 
rare  on  tlie  Eastern  slope,  very  common  on  the  Western. 

*  *  Dioecious ;  male  fioicers  discoid. 

2.  A.  palustre,  Schwaegr.  In  wide  deep  tufts,  tomentose- 
radiculose,  reddish  brown  inside,  yellowish  or  dirty  green  above; 
stems  long,  flexuous:  leaves  erect-spreading,  flexuous,  twisted 
when  dry,  the  lower  broader  than  the  upper,  linear-lanceolate, 
carinate,  transversely  undulate,  crenulate  at  the  apex,  reflexed 
on  the  borders,  acutely  papillose  on  both  faces:  male  plants 
similar  to  the  fertile  ones  and  mixed  with  them  ;  antheridia  and 
clavate  paraphyses  numerous :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  tm-gid, 
ovate-oblong,  curved  in  the  middle  ;  lid  large,  highly  convex  at 
base,  conical,  blunt  at  the  apex;  peristome  large;  teeth  nar- 
rowed into  long  subulate  points ;  segments  long,  subulate ; 
cilia  of  equal  length,  free  or  partly  coherent ;  annulus  large, 
compound,  revoluble.  —  Suppl.  iii.,  t.  216  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  405. 
3fnimn  palustre^  Linn.  1.  c.  Gymnocyhe  paliistris,  Fries ; 
Lindb.  1.  c.  87. 

Var.  imbricatum,  Bmch  &  Schimp.  Leaves  broader, 
imbricate,  very  entire,  not  twisted  when  dry. 


Aulacomnium.] 


BRYACEvE. 


253 


Var.  fasciculare,  IJruch  &  Schirap.  Much  divided  into 
sliort  nodose  branches  and  flaurellifonn  branehlets. 

Var.  polycephalum,  IJruch  &  JSchimj).  Phmts  with 
nnnierous  lon<jf  j>seu<loi»odia. 

Var.  alpestre,  Schimp.  Steins  short,  slender ;  hranelies 
fascicidate,  copiously  fruiting,  without  pseudo]»o(lia. 

II All.  Very  common  in  boggy  ground;  plains  and  mountains;  tlio 
varieties  in  alpine  regions. 

3.  A.  turgidum,   Scliwaegr.     Widely  and  densely  cespi- 

tose ;  tufts  yellowish  green  above,  light  brown  below  ;   stems 

without  radicles,  easily  loosened  :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  8- 

ranked,  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  concave,  very  entire,  reflexed  on 

the   borders,   distantly   papillose   on    both   faces ;    costa    thin, 

vanishing  below  the  a\nix  :  cajjsule  slightly  narrower  than  that 

of  the  preceding  species ;  lid   highly  convex,  short-maniillate ; 

segments  split  and  disjointed  ;   annulus  shorter,  —  Sui)j)l.  iii.  1. 

Aulacoinnium,  7;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  404.     JLihun  turi/Ulum^  Wahl. 

Fl.  Lapp.  351,  t.  23.     Gymnocyhe  turgida^  Lindb.  1.  c.  85. 

Had.  Bogs;  White  Mountains  {Oakes,  James);  Lake  Superior 
(Agassiz);   Adirondack  Mountains  {Leaqiiereux)',   rare. 

4.  A.  papillosum.  Stems  long  and  slender,  flexuous, 
covered  with  radicles,  divided  at  the  apex  into  fastigiate  short 
branches:  lower  leaves  distant,  the  ui)per  gradually  closer, 
slightly  crispate,  yellowish  green  or  shining  white,  strict  when 
dry,  ventricose,  decurrent  and  inflated  by  loose  brown  cells  at 
the  lanceolate  oblong  base ;  branch-leaves  smaller,  short-acumi- 
nate ;  stem-leaves  long-acuminate,  more  or  less  undulate  toward 
the  a])ex  ;  borders  re  volute  in  the  lower  ])art,  erect  above, 
crenate-dentate  or  denticuiate-serrulate  ;  cells  of  the  areolation 
single-papillate,  close,  very  scabrous  ;  costa  thick,  green,  deeply 
canaliculate,  vanishing  below  the  a]»ex  ;  pseudo|)odia  short,  yel- 
low: fruit  not  known.  —  3Liiiim  i)(ip^llosum,  Muell.  Kegensb. 
Flora.  Iviii.  93  (1875). 

Hab.     Colorado. 

Species  intermediate  between  A.  palustre  and  A.  androgynwn,  differ- 
ing from  the  first  in  the  more  minutely  areolate  and  papillose  leaves; 
from  the  second  in  the  leaves  very  roughly  papillose  and  never  coarsely 
serrate;  and  from  both  in  the  inflated  base  of  the  leaves. 

*  *  *  3fonmcioiis:  male  flowers  gemmifonn,  axillary. 

5.  A.  heterostichum,  Bruch  «fc  Schimp.  Plants  in  wide 
pale  green  tufts,  tonientose  below  i  stems  increasing  by  annual 


k,   ■ 

IN'- 

;t 

•!tl': 


Ma 

'   iS-^' 

(!' 


Ay 


!   I 


'    I 


,1    t     • 


254 


BRYACE^. 


[Timmia. 


innovations :  leaves  inclined  to  one  side,  the  lower  ohovato, 
gradually  longer  upward  and  obovate-oljlong,  incurved  on  one 
side,  open  at  the  other  heloNV,  nearly  flat  toward  the  apex,  ser- 
rate-denticulate from  the  middle  upward,  obtusely  apiculate, 
densely  areolate ;  costa  yellowish  brown,  vanishing  below  the 
ajtex  :  butls  of  the  male  flowers  sessile  along  the  stems,  radicu* 
lose  at  base  ;  inner  perigonial  leaves  broadly  ovate-concave, 
abruptly  acuminate,  costate :  capsule  on  a  short  erect  pedicel, 
oblong,  slightly  incurved  and  inclined ;  lid  convex,  obtusely 
short-beaked;  peristome  large;  segments  open  but  not  dis- 
joined ;  cilia  '2  or  3,  a  little  shorter  than  the  segments ;  annulus 
large,  revolui)le.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  403 ;  Sulliv.  IMosses  of  U. 
States,  43,  t.  3.  Ort/tojii/xts  heterostic/ta,  Beauv. ;  Lindb. 
1.  c.  78. 

Hab.  Shady  banks  and  slopes  in  the  woods;  common  on  the  Eastern 
slope  of  the  United  States. 

Suhtribe  II.    TIMMIE^. 

Stems  simple  or  dichotomous  by  annual  innovations.  Leaves 
nearly  equal ;  areolation  round-hexagonal,  papillose  in  the  uj>per 
part,  loose  at  the  base.  Flowers  monoecious  and  dioecious. 
Inner  membrane  of  the  peristome  obscurely  16-carinate  at  base, 
divided  above  into  numerous  filiform  segments,  which  are 
miited  by  fours  at  the  apex. 

92.  TIMMIA,  Hedw.     (PI.  3.) 

Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  recurved  or  spreading  from  a 

long-clasping  base,  coarsely  serrate  above ;  costa  round,  stout. 

Calyptra  narrow,  cucuUate.     Capsule  on  a  long  thick  pedicel, 

horizontal    or    inclined,   obovate-oblong,   obscurely   striate    or 

smooth,  short-necked.     Lid  convex,  papillate  or  depressed  in 

the  middle.     Annulus  narrow.     Spores  very  small. 

1.  T.  megapolitana,  Hedw.  Monoecious :  plants  loosely 
cespitose,  bright  green  above  :  leaves  deeply  serrate  from  above 
the  clasping  base,  concave,  cirrhate  and  fistulose  when  dry; 
inner  perichaetial  leaves  thin,  ovate-lanceolate :  male  flowers  1 
to  3  at  the  base  of  the  female,  short-pedicellate :  calyptra  long, 
very  narrow,  often  left  attached  to  the  pedicel  or  more  rarely 


^m 


Atrichum.] 


BUYACE.E. 


255 


persisting  upon  the  capsule  until  ripe :  capsule  oval-oblong, 
horizontal,  inclined  or  pendent,  furrowed  and  erect  when  dry ; 
lid  orange ;  segments  appen<liculate.  —  Muse.  Frond,  i.  !S4, 
t.  31 ;  Uryol.  Eur.  t.  407.  2\  cucullata^  Michx.  Fl.  Uor.-Ani. 
ii.  304. 

II AH.    Wet  shaded  banks,  In  woods;  plains  and  niountains;  not  rare. 

T.  cucnllalu,  Michx.,  differs  from  the  normal  form  in  the  pedicels  of 
the  antheridia  a  little  shorter.     It  is  an  Aujerican  variety. 

2.  T.  Austriaca,  Iledw.  Diieeious :  plants  stronger  and 
longer :  leaves  with  a  longer  clasping  <lirty  yellow  base,  more 
solid,  yellowish  green,  shining,  serrate  downward  to  the  sheath- 
ing border ;  j)erigonial  leaves  clustered  into  a  long  sheath, 
sjireading  at  the  apex  :  antheridia  longer,  shorter-pedieellate : 
ca])sule  on  a  long-])edicel,  horizontal,  oval-oblong,  with  a  longer 
collum,  more  solid,  brown-striate,  more  distinctly  costate  when 
dry ;  lid  highly  convex,  mamillate,  orange-colored ;  teeth  longer; 
segments  punctulate,  not  appendiculate.  —  Spec.  Muse.  17G, 
t.  42  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  408. 

Hau.    liocky  Mountains  of  Colorado  {E.  Hall,  Down'ie). 


W 


^|'.3 


Tribe  XIV.  POLYTPJCIIE^E. 
Plants  very  variable  in  size  and  appearance,  of  woody  or 
strong  texture,  often  covering  wide  surfaces,  dividing  by  basilar 
innovations,  or  rarely  from  the  a])ex,  or  in  male  plants  from  the 
centre  of  the  flowers.  Leaves  very  solid,  with  an  enlarged 
costa,  generally  lamellate  on  the  inside  and  with  a  thick  serrate 
margin.  Flowers  dioecious,  rarely  niona?cious  or  bisexual ; 
vaginule  long.  Calyptra  cucuUate,  naked,  spinulose  or  villous, 
often  covered  with  long  pendent  hairs  reaching  to  below  the 
capsule.  Capsule  long-pedicellate,  erect  or  cernuous,  cylindri- 
cal or  angular.  Peristome  simple,  rarely  none  ;  teeth  32  or  64, 
rarely  16,  linguiform,  solid,  confluent  at  base,  formed  of  a  mul- 
tiple stratum  of  thick-walled  cells,  their  points  adherent  to  the 
disk-like  apex  of  the  columella.     Spores  very  small. 

93.  ATRIOHUM,  Beauv.    (PI.  3.) 
Densely  gregarious  or  cespitose.     Leaves  not  sheathing  at 
base,  Ungulate,  undulate-crispate  or   twisted  when  dry,  very 


m 

m 


nm 


-  J^ 


' 


256 


BRYACE^. 


[Atrichwn, 


clilorophylloso,  narrowly  mnrgiuotl,  acutely  serrate;  costa 
nearly  roiiiid,  lamellate ;  areolation  very  close,  roun(l-liexa«^()nal. 
Flowers  dicecious,  rarely  inoiia'eious,  the  male  cup-shaded ; 
antheridia  and  paraphyses  filiform.  Calyptra  hairy  at  the  apex 
only.  Capsule  oval  or  cylindrical,  cernuous  or  arcuate.  Lid 
long  subulate-rostrate.  Peristome  of  32  teeth,  contiguous  to 
the  thick  columella. —  Catharinea,  Ehrh. 

1.  A.  undulatum,  Heauv.  Stems  erect,  simple  or  dichoto- 
nious :  lower  leaves  very  small,  squamiform,  the  u]»i)er  and 
comal  long,  nan-owly  Ungulate,  undulate  on  the  borders,  hisjtid 
on  the  under  surface  l)y  transverse  rows  of  small  teeth,  smooth 
on  the  u]»per,  yellowish  margined  ;  costa  narrow,  round,  with 
2  to  5  lamella',  spinulose  on  the  under  side  toward  the  apex  : 
fruits  clustered  (1  to  3):  calyj)tra  hisj>id  at  the  apex,  persistent: 
caj)sule  long-cylindrical,  arcuate  or  erect,  dark  brown  ;  teeth 
narrowly  lingulate,  minutely  verruculose,  marked  with  orange 
lines  in  the  middle.  —  Prodr.  42  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  410.  Bryum 
widulatHm^  Liim.  Spec.  PI.  1117.  Polijlrichuni  tunhdatian^ 
Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  43,  t.  10,  17.  Catharinea  Cullibryon, 
Ehrh.  Beitr.  i.  180. 

Had.  In  wooils,  on  sanily  ground ;  tops  of  old  standing  trunks,  along 
roads,  etc.     Less  conunon  than  the  following  and  very  variable. 

The  species  is  dioecious,  but  sometimes  the  young  male  plant  produces 
from  the  centre  of  the  flower  an  innovation  bearing  female  flowers,  and 
thus  the  male  plant  is  transformed  into  a  fertile  one. 

2.  A.  angustatum,   Bruch   &    Schimp.      More    slender 

than  the  last,  with  the  narrower   leaves   more  densely  areo- 

late,  and  serrate  at  the  apex  only,  the  costa  5-6-lamellate : 

flowers  di(Ecious :  capsule  nearly  erect  or  subai-cuate,  narrowly 

cylindrical,  dark  purple,  shining ;    lid  sliorter-rostrate ;    teeth 

shorter.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  411.     Polytrichum  angustatum,  Brid. ; 

Hook.  Muse.  Exot.  t.  50.     Catharinea  aiigustata,  Brid.  ISIusc. 

Recent.  Suj>i)l.  iv.  204. 

Had.  Woods  and  sandy  hills,  in  dryer  places  than  the  last;  very  com- 
mon. 

3.  A.  Selwyni,  Aust.  Differs  from  the  preceding  in  the 
broader  subspatulate  leaves  generally  obtuse,  excavated  at  the 
base,  the  lamellte  of  the  costa  (4  to  6)  broad,  and  the  calyptra 
very  smooth.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  95. 

Hab.    Northwest  coast  of  British  America  (Macoun). 


Atrlrhum.] 


BKYACE.E. 


257 


4.  A.  xanthopelma.  Dla'cions  :  widely  nn<l  loosely  ccspi- 
lose,  MnckiMli,  sIcikUt  :  sU'iii-k-uvi'S  crispnt.',  i;vistt'<l  wlu'ii  dry, 
sj>rt';i(ling  wlit'ii  moist,  short  aiul  nnrrijw,  iMuct'olato,  ol>tus(», 
iiii(liilato  on  the  honliTs,  very  narrowly  iiiarufiiuMJ  upward  to 
near  tlio  apex,  simply  dentate  with  short  rarely  a<'uleatc  teeth  ; 
costa  i-O-lainellate,  sparintjly  dentate  at  the  a|>ex,  more  densely 
on  the  hack  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  small,  (piadrate,  roinid- 
hoxagonal  toward  the  apex:  calyptra  very  narrow,  hisjtid  at  tho 
aj)ex :  capsnle  cylindrieal,  narrow,  slightly  enrved  on  a  long 
yellow  pedieel ;  lid  oMicpiely  rostrate  from  a  highly  convex 
hase;  teeth  of  the  jx-ristonjo  long  and  narrow. —  Cathari/iea 
.I'diithopalniK^  Muell.  IJegensb.  Flora,  Ivi.  482  (1H78). 

II An.    Tcxiis  (J.  lioll). 

Very  closely  allieil,  like  tho  last,  to  A.  nnuuntatum,  of  which  it  appears 
to  bi;  a  varii'ty,  dilTt-riiig  only  in  the  short  simple  teeth  of  llie  very  narrow 
margin,  those  oit  the  back  of  the  costa  similar  to  those  of  the  margin  and 
very  ft!\v,  ami  the  pedicel  yellow. 

ft.  A.  Lescurii,  James.  Plants  loosely  cespitose  or  gre- 
garious, nearly  hJack  :  stuns  simple,  2  or  5i  cm.  long,  slender, 
naked  helow,  loosely  foliate  above:  leaves  incurved-crlspate 
when  dry,  erect-spreading  when  moistened,  linear-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  concave,  sharply  serrate  on  the  borders,  enlarged, 
half-clasping  and  ciliate  at  base  ;  basilar  cells  siibcpiadrate,  tho 
upper  nearly  round,  obscure  ;  costa  perctu-rent ;  lamelhe  4  to  H, 
convex  on  the  back,  serrate:  capsule  erect,  cylindrical-ovate, 
short,  enlarged  at  the  orifice  and  turbinate  when  empty;  pedi- 
cel short  and  thick.  —  Bull.  Torn  Club,  vi.  33. 

riAn.  Alaska  (A'cWof/f/).  A  fine  species,  quite  distinct  in  the  narrow 
crisped  leaves,  with  6  or  8  long  tlexuous  cilia  on  each  border  near  the 
sheathing  base,  and  in  the  serrate  lamelUe;  lid  and  peristome  not  seen. 

6.  A.  crispum,  James.  Di«3cious:  ]>lants  densely  gre- 
garious, arising  from  a  subterranean  rhizome,  dark  green ; 
stems  3  or  4  cm.  long,  erect,  flexuous,  simple,  slender,  radicu- 
lose  at  the  base  only :  leaves  large,  erect,  open  and  spreading, 
not  sheathing,  the  upper  closer,  longer,  lingulate-lanceolate, 
imdiilate-crisi)ate  when  dry,  narrowly  brown-iriargined,  sharply 
serrate  on  the  borders,  smooth  on  the  back ;  costa  ]>ercurrent, 
nearly  round,  with  very  few  narrow  lamelljB ;  basilar  areolation 
loose,  oblong,  the  upper  of  small  hexagonal  chlorophyllose  cells : 
male  flowers  cup-shaped ;  outer  perigonial  leaves  three,  large, 
spatulate-lanceolate,  the  inner  numerous,  very  small,  abruptly 


i!  ; 


■  1 


258 


UllYACEyE. 


[Atrlchum. 


eiilar^i'(l  in  tlie  luiiMIe  from  a  narrow  Imso  and  contracttul  to 
tliu  Idunt  |«»int,  t'litiro  :  ealyptra  twisti'tl,  liirsuti;  at  the  apex  : 
capHule  I'ri'ct  or  incliiUMl  and  8li<;htly  ciuvimI,  ol>ovat(>,  cyliiidri- 
cal,  narrowiiiix  at  l)aHi'  to  a  wliort  iu'dicol ;  lid  ol»Ii<|m'Iy  rostrate; 
teeth  white  and  hyaline,  exceptini^  the  medial  <lark  orani^o  lino, 
—  Sniliv.  Mosses  of  U.  ^States,  41,  and  leon.  Muse.  7ii,  t.  40. 
Ctttlmrinea  rrhtjxt,  James,  Jonrn.  Acad.  I'hilad.  IS;'*;'),  445. 

II  AH.  (irasNy  bunks  uf  hiiiuII  strt'iiins),  and  bogjjy  gruuml,  near  Cuiudun, 
New  .Icrsoy. 

7.  A.  parallelum,  Mitt.  DiiL-eious  :  plants  loosely  ceHi»i- 
tose,  <lark  j^reen  ;  stems  simple,  short,  solid,  erect :  leaves  half- 
open,  incurved  when  moist,  the  ujtper  lon<^er,  lin<;ulatc-lanceo- 
late,  sharply  dentate  (not  marufined)  from  helow  the  middle, 
marked  on  the  hack  hy  small  thin  tooth-like  |»rocesses  parallel 
to  the  costa,  which  is  also  '2-5Mamellate  on  the  hack,  and  the 
lanielhe  dentate  ;  lower  leaves  shorter,  ohloiiLj,  more  ohtuse ; 
j)erichjetial  leaves  ohloiiLf,  convolute  at  hase,  j^radually  narrowed 
and  l.'inceolate  :  male  jdants  more  slender,  the  t1()wers  cup-shaped : 
capsule  lonuf  an<l  sidK'ylindrical,  sli^.  ly  arcuate,  contracted 
under  the  orifice,  ventricose  helow;  surface  verrucose. — Journ. 
Limi.  Soc.  viii.  4S,  t.  S  ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  INIusc,  Su|)pl.  .")4,  t.  38. 

II An.  (iraml  Cote,  Rocky  Mountains  (I)rnmmonil);  niixeil  with  the 
followinij. 

Willi  the  size  anil  habit  of  A,  nmhilatiim,  distinguislietl  hy  the  capsule 
more  ventricose  below,  and  by  the  characters  Indicated  above. 

94.  OLIGOTRIOHUM,  DC. 

Stems  simple,  from  subterranean  stolons.  Leaves  long, 
linear-lanceolate,  incurved  on  the  borders,  not  margined,  snb- 
tubulose  at  the  apex,  distantly  serrulate,  incurved-hooked  when 
dry ;  costa  subterete  and  naked  at  base,  gradually  dilated  up- 
ward and  covered  with  numerous  undulate  sinuous  and  crenu- 
late  lamella}.  Flowers  dicocious,  the  male  cuj)-shaped,  jn'olifer- 
ous ;  paraphyses  partly  filiform,  partly  spatulate.  Calyptra  large, 
scarcely  covered  .  ith  erect  hairs.  Cai)sule  erect,  ovate-oblong, 
cylindrical,  thin.  Lid  convex-conical,  acuminate  or  long  ros- 
trate.    Teeth  of  the  peristome  thin,  irregular. 

1.  O.  aligerum,  Mitt.  Dioecious:  plants  loosely  cespitose 
or  gregarious,  black,  radiculose  toward  the  base ;  stems  short 


'•T^ 


ill 


Pnllnplliim.] 


IJUYACEyK. 


2r>^ 


ami  hU'ihIci"  :  leaves  o|m'ii  or  sjircinliiii;,  <»l»l(nii;-I;m«'i'(»lat«', 
HiMootli,  l>limt-|»<)int«'<l,  ('iitiie  at  l«is«>,  sliort-tlciilatc  altuNc,  alate 
oil  the  l»a<k  l»y  loii<^ilu«rmal  tientate  laimlla' ;  vnsiw  |iereiin'eiit, 
carinate,  r)-7-laiiu'IIate ;  areolatiun  nMiiiil.((na(lratc,  jli.stiiut  ; 
|teri('lia'tial  leaves  ovate,  wlieathin!^  at  base,  eri'ct,  iianower  aii<l 
siiltiilate  to  the  n)>e.\,  with  roiiml  |)eniiei<I  areolatioii:  iiimU* 
Iihiiits  shorter,  proliferous  fmm  the  centre  of  the  flowers  :  ealvp- 
tra  witl»  a  few  erect  liairs  on  the  u|»)»er  part  :  capMih'  of  tlu' 
same  f()rMi  as  in  the  last  species.  —  .loiirn.  Linn.  .Soc.  viii.  4l^, 
t.  H;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Supj)l.  Afj,  t.  'M. 

IIaii.     (•niiiil  ('Ale,  Uocky  Muuntiiiiis  (l)nniniiouit). 

-.  O.  Lyallii,  T^indh.  Plants  rohnst,  cespitose,  ilirty  yt'llow  ; 
steins  fiistii^iately  hrancliiiiLj  from  the  niiildle,  plii-ate,  naked  .at 
base,  densely  foliate  ahove :  leaves  l)r<»ader,  ohloni.',  «'las|tini;  at 
hase,  open,  narnnvly  lanceolate-acuminate  ahove,  densely  Lamel- 
late, convex  and  smooth  on  the  hack  ;  hordi-rs  in(•llr^ cd,  dis- 
tantly serrate  from  the  middle  upward;  inner  pericha-ti.al 
leaves  with  a  Ioiilj  convolute  liase  and  a  short  .'icumeii  :  ni.de 
flowers  unknown  :  calyptra  fui^acious,  with  few  Jip|»ressed  h.airs, 
split  on  Olio  8i<le:  eapside  on  a  lon<;  flexuous  reddish  pedicel, 
slightly  Inclined,  cylimlrical-ohlonii;,  ventricoso  helow,  hiplicate 
above,  plicate-rugose  at  l)ase  wlieu  empty ;  lid  broadly  conical 
nt  base,  subulate-rostrate.  —  ()bs.  Polytrich.  in  Faun.  Fhtr. 
Fenn.  ix.  10*2.  Poh/triehmlelpJnis  LtfuUU,  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn. 
Soc.  viii,  49,  t.  8;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Ain.  Exsice.  (ed. 
2),  n.  3-22. 

IlAn.  British  Columbia  (Lyall);  Uocky  Mountains,  Colorado,  in  pine 
woods  (E.  Hull);  high  mountains  of  California  (liolttniUr). 

05.  PSILOPILUM,  Brid. 
In  aspect  and  mode  of  growth  like  Ollgotrivhion.  Leaves 
oblong,  sheathing  at  base,  open,  erect  above,  obovate-oblong, 
very  concave,  niuticous  at  the  slightly  incurved  apex  ;  borders 
irregularly  crenulate  above ;  lamelhc  of  the  costa  subumhilate, 
gradually  narrowed,  thin  and  disappearing  toward  the  base ; 
upper  areolation  minute,  subquadrate,  long-rectangular  at  the 
sheathing  base.  Calyptra  very  narrow,  smooth.  Capsule 
ovate-gibbous,  incurved,  laterally  compressed,  stomatose  at 
base,  rugulose  when  dry,  the  orifice  narrow.     Lid  short,  convex- 


!  Ji   f 


il! 


=  l!T- 


I!- 


1 

1 

1 

i'  i 

'  1    ^ 

; 

; 

: 

' 

ii 


■i 
n 


2«0 


UUVACE.E. 


,  [PnllnpUum. 


conic'il,  with  fi  sliort  incurvcil  hfak.     Teeth  lontr,  Mome  of  them 
hi)).'ii-tit(',  thill.     I)i:i|ihr:i<xiii  of  th(>  cohiiiicll.'i  fllllll('l•^4h.'l|)l•(l. 

1.  P.  arcticum,  Hritl.  St»'fii«  sIiort,siin|»U':  capMiiK' ferrii- 
^iiiuns,  hl.u'k  when  oM. —  Hrvol.  riiiv.  ii.  1M'».  fJ/t'i/ittrit/imn 
/mu'i/xtithi^  nrmli  ifc  Sehim|».  Hryol.  Kiir.  t.  414.  (J.  fjlabnition^ 
Liiiilh.  Ohs.  I'olvtiieh.  in  Vm\\\.  V\uv.  Keiin.  ix.  14JJ. 

IIaii.     IVat  Im)>{s;  Liilinnlor,  (jr«'«>iiluiitl  and  Arcllc  Aiiiurlca. 

96.  POGONATUM,  Beauv.  (PI.  3.) 
Ph'uitH  nIiort  jiihI  .siiiipU',  or  rohiist  and  hmt,',  with  ilemlroid 
raiiiitieatioii ;  fertik-  plants  arising  from  Hiihterranean  HtoU)nH 
or  from  a  radie.'il  prothallium,  dividing  l)y  innovatioiiH  from  the 
nii(MIe  of  the  stems  or  from  under  the  pcrieha'tium.  Fhtwers 
did'eloiis ;  mah'  flowers  |)roliferoMH.  Leaves  elaspin^  at  l)awe, 
open,  iinalteri'd  l)y  moisture  ;  eosta  covered  with  very  numerous 
laniellu)  oceupyiiiLf  nearly  the  whole  lamina,  reiiderinj^  the 
leaves  hanl  and  e«)riaeeoii8;  marjjfins  spinulose-serrate.  Ca)*- 
Bule  recfular,  erect,  or  cernuous.  Peristome  of  82  teeth,  orange 
in  the  middle. 

§  1.  Ai.oiDKA.     Pltotts  shorty  sitnple,  gregarious  or  scattered, 
rculicKlose  at  hase. 

1.  P.  brevicaule,  l>eauv.  Plants  short,  scattered,  arrowing 
out  of  a  ]K'rsistent  dark  jj;reen  confervoidal  ]>rothallium  ;  stem 
simple,  very  short,  ^  to  1  cm.  lonj;,  densely  foliate:  lower 
leaves  small,  appressed,  ovate,  sliort-pointed,  the  upper  larger, 
erect-open,  clas])ing  at  the  enlarged  base,  lanceolate-acuminate; 
periduetial  leaves  very  long,  oblong,  membranaceous,  obscurely 
costate  at  base,  more  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  long  erect 
obtusely  serrate  acumen  ;  lamellie  capitate-claviform  in  trans- 
verse section  :  male  plants  in  short  rooting  buds ;  perigonial 
leaves  erect,  curved  back  from  above  the  middle,  imbricate, 
broadly  obcordate,  with  a  thick  medial  nerve  excurrent  into  an 
inflated  mucronate  point :  calyptra  very  hairy,  covering  the 
capsule  to  the  base :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  papillose,  grad- 
ually narrowed  to  a  short  pedicel ;  lid  convex,  enlarged  at  base, 
abruptly  short -beaked.  —  Prod.  84  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
41,  and  Icon.  Muse.  75,  t.  47.    Polytrichum  Pennsylvanicum^ 


J*oyonatum.\ 


DUYACE.E. 


liOl 


IK'dw.  Spec.  MuMO.  90,  t.  'Jl.  J*olytricfiHni  tfnui\,  Mrtiz.  ; 
LiikII).  Polvtiith.  140. 

IJaii.     Moixt  I'luy  baiikM,  KanttTri  hIdik;  uf  tlu!  Unilf.l  States;  coiMinnu. 

-.  P.  brachyphyllum,  Kciiiiv.  IM.intHdcnsrlyirn'Uaiious, 
olivi'-ixri-c-ii  or  ihtrk  Imuwm  wIu-ii  uM,  uriHtiii^  t'loiii  ti  r.nliiMilar 
))i'iitlialliiiiii ;  Htciii  ri^^itl,  very  Hhort,  2  ur  '>i  in. in.  loiii; :  leaveH 
close,  the  lower  very  Hintill,  H<jn:iiniform,  tliseuloivd,  the  ii|t|»er 
inneh  hiri^er,  "I  ur  3  tiineH  longer  than  the  sti-tn,  o|>eii-s|)rea<liii^, 
the  nit|»er  erect,  eiihiix<'<l  J»t  the  el.is|>iiiLf  base,  ol>hnii;-l.aneei>- 
late,  hhint  at  the  apex,  the  lK)r(ler^<  ei.'ire;  hiineihe  intlati«I  on 
thv  bonier:  ealyptra  villons,  <lirty  brown,  reaihiiiix  the  ini<l<lle 
of  the  cajtHiiIe  :  capsule  thiek,  gibbous,  ovate,  with  a  distinet 
Bliort  neek,  papillose,  yellowish  brown,  obscurely  costate  when 
dry ;  pedicel  solid,  dark  red,  twiste<l  to  the  rl<j;ht ;  lid  convex-con- 
ical, oi)tusely  apieulate. —  I'rodr.  84;  Sulliv.*fe  Les«|.  Muse.  IJor.- 
Ainer.  Exsice.  n.  211;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  77,  t.  4H.  /Vy- 
tric/iKhi  f/ruc/ii/jt/ii/Uioti,  Michx.  Fl.  IJor.-Ain.  ii.  iJ'Jo;  Schwaegr. 
Su|)pl.  ii.  2.  IT),  t.  150;  Lindb.  1.  o.  142. 

IIaii.     Moist  clay  banks,  New  Jorscy  and  Soulhoni  States;  not  rare. 

3.  P.  Capillare,  Hrid.  I'lants  short,  «;reL!:arious  or  loosely 
ccspitose,  glaucous-jifrcen ;  steins  sleiid.'r,  tiiostly  simple  or 
loosely  foliate  :  lower  leaves  distant,  small,  aj»pressed,  i^ffjidually 
h)nij;er  upward,  the  eoinal  large,  linear  from  a  short  sheathing 
base,  sharply  serrate  on  the  borders;  himelhe  alirujitly  enlarged 
at  the  borders:  male  ]>lants  smaller:  calyptra  haiiy,  covering 
the  capsule  to  the  base :  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  erect, 
papillose,  thin,  on  .a  slender  flexuons  and  eonip.aratively  long 
pedicel;  lid  hemispherical  at  the  enlarged  base,  .-ibruptly 
straight-beaked.  —  Jiryol.  Univ.  ii.  127;  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh. 
n.  llf),  and  Icon.  JMusc.  79,  t.  49.  I*<>hjtHr/,n»i  capfl/are, 
Miehx.  1.  c.  294;  Lindb.  1.  c.  Ill  and  130.  l^xjouatnm  nrni- 
gervm^  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  2H4,  in  part. 

II AH.  Northern  mountains;  White  Mountains,  Adirondaoks,  Rocky 
Mountains,  etc. 

4.  P.  dentatum,  Brid.  Closely  resembling  the  last  species, 
from  Avhicli  it  differs  only  in  tlie  more  robust  branching  stems, 
the  longer  capsule  with  straight  not  flexuons  pedicel,  the  teeth 
of  the  leaves  longer,  curved  outward  or  backward,  the  [jerichfe- 
tial  leaves  numerous  (5  or  G),  linear-lanceolate,  long-pointed 
above  the  long  ovate  sheathing  base,  and  the  perigonial  leaves 


iTll 

s 


■1 

i-\^. 

'>:- 

I.!','/ 

liu- 

w" 

1 

P 
111 

r 


W 


m 


\^ 


)  i 


262 


BRYACE.E. 


[Porjonatum. 


shorter.  —  ]?ryol.  Univ.  ii.  122;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  57, 
t.  41.  Pohftrichmn  tkntatum,  Menz.  Trans.  Linn.  8oc.  iv.  80, 
t.  7,  fiLf.  4;  Schvv.'U'ufr.  Supj)!.  ii.  2.  11,  t.  155.  Poli/trichum 
cdpillare,  var.  o.cyc(ih/ji\  IJndb.  1.  c.  187. 

IIah.     Northwest  coast  {iVdson,  Menzies);  Alaska  (Bischoff). 

From  a  coinparison  of  spciciinens  received  from  Ilampe  of  the  true  P. 
(leututuiii,  wliich  exactly  corresponds  to  Schwaegrichen's  figures,  it  is 
evident  that  this  species  is  closely  related  to  P.  capUlare,  if  not  a  mere 
form  of  it.  —  ( SuUkant. ) 

5.  P.  COntortum,  Ltsq.  Plants  lar<?o,  gregarious  or  loosely 
oesj>itose,  glaucous-green  above,  brown  below ;  stem  sinij)le  or 
with  an  innovation  from  under  the  pericha'tium,  loosely  an<l 
irregularly  foliate  its  whole  lengtli :  leaves  erect,  open,  twisted 
when  dry,  the  lower  sliort,  gradually  longer  ujnvard,  all  linear- 
lanceolate,  sv  arcely  enlarged  at  base,  shar|»ly  serrate  to  the  l)aso ; 
costa  peivuirent,  sparingly  dentate  on  the  back;  i)erich{etial 
leaves  similar:  calyptra  covering  the  whole  caj>sule :  capsule 
ovate,  cylindrical  or  obovate,  erect  or  somewhat  curved,  some- 
what cons  -icted  >mder  the  orifice  when  dry ;  pedicel  long, 
tlcxuous  ;  hi  con\ex  at  base,  rostellate.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i. 
27 ;  Stilliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Su])pl.  58,  t.  42.  Pohftrichutn  contor- 
tum^  Menz.  1.  c.  7'^',  t.  7,  fig.  2;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  325,  t.  90. 
Pogonatxm  laterale,  Brid.  Bryol.  ii.  111.  I*,  de/itattim,  Lesq. 
1.  c,  in  j>art. 

II An.  Alaska  {Kello'jr/);  northwest  coast  (Menzies);  Cohmihia  Rivor 
(Hull);  clay  banks  in  dense  shaded  woods,  near  Crescent  City,  California 
(Brewer);  Kocky  Moiuitains  {Perry). 

C.  P.  atrovirens,  Mitt.  Stem  sim])le  and  long :  leaves 
spreading,  subcris|)ate  and  incurved  when  dry,  broadly  lanceo- 
late, f 'Mite  from  an  enlarged  a]>])ressed  base,  serrate  on  the  bor- 
ders nearly  from  the  base,  dentate  on  the  back :  caj)sule  sliort- 
})rdicellate,  oblong,  erect;  lid  convex,  short-rostrate.  —  Journ. 
Linn.  Sor.  viii,  41). 

ITah.     Sitka  (Barclay). 

Di.tcis  from  the  last  in  the  leaves  more  abruptly  pointed,  enlarged  at 
the  base  and  sheathing,  with  the  basilar  areolation  more  distinct. 

§  2.    Uitxi'iKRA.     /Stems  lonff^  divided  above  and  dendroid. 

7.  P.  urnigerum,  Beauv.  Stems  dividing  by  more  or  less 
numerous  lateral  innovations  (2  to  10),  all  fertile :  lower  leaves 
very  small,  squamiform,  the  upper  crowded,  ojien,  appressed 
when  dry,  linear-lanceolate,  serrate  from  the  slightly  enlarged 


Polytrichum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


263 


sheathing  base,  glaucous-grocn  or  llglit  brown  ;  poriclia'tial 
loaves  longer-sheathing,  narrower :  caly|)tra  (U'seending  to 
below  the  base  of  the  eapsule :  cajisule  ovate-oblong,  |>n|>illoso, 
not  (lefornu'il  when  dry;  lid  plano-convex,  straight-bt-aked. — 
Prodr.  85;  Jiryol.  Eur.  t.  417.  Poh/trkhiun  iirti!<jct'Htii^  liinn. 
Sp.  PI.  IIOU;  Lindb.  1.  c.  Ill  and  184. 

IIah.     Woods,  on  sandy  ground;  mountains  and  liilly  regions. 

Very  variable,  especially  in  the  size  and  length  of  the  stems.  A  variety 
from  Alaska  has  very  short  stems,  and  a  short  oval  capsule,  with  tlie 
aspect  of  the  European  P.  nannm,  Neck. 

8.  P.  alpinum,  Koehl.  Loosely  and  irregularly  cespitose  ; 
stems  flexuous  or  erect,  black,  triangular:  leaves  o]>en,  recurved 
or  subsecund,  from  a  white  shining  long-sheathin<j:  base,  lon<j: 
and  narrowly  linear-lanceolate,  concave,  sharply  reddish-ih'utate, 
spinulose  on  tlje  back  near  the  apex :  capsule  long-pedicellate, 
cernuous  or  inclined,  tm'gid-ovate  or  oblong,  with  a  short  spurious 
neck,  yellowish  green  when  filled,  ferruginous  when  emi»ty;  lid 
small,  with  a  long  obli(iue  beak;  teeth  very  irregular. — 
l)eut:schl.  Fl.  ed.  li,  iii.  59;  IJryol.  ?]ur.  t.  418.  Poli/trichiun 
aljyintitn,  Linn.  1.  c. ;  Lindl).  1.  c.  110  and  129. 

Var.  arcticum,  Brid.  Plni  ts  slender,  less  divided  :  ca|)sule 
longer,  cylindrical,  subarcuate.  —  llryol.  Univ.  ii.  IIJI.  I*,  (orfi- 
cunij  IJoehl.     Polytrichum  syh^atlonn^  ^Menz.  1.  c.  81},  t.  7,  tig.  (J. 

Var.  septentrionale,  I>rid.  1.  c  Stems  sparingly  foliate : 
leaves  shorter,  subsecund :  capsule  erect,  ovate-globose.  —  I*. 
septentrionale^  lioehl. 

Var.  brevifolium,  Brid.  1.  c  Stems  erect ;  branches  few 
and  sho»-t:  leaves  densely  crowded,  imbricate,  short,  rigid,  yel- 
lowish green  :  capsule  very  small,  globose  or  larger  an<l  oval- 
globose. —  Polytrichum  bremfolium^  11.  Brown,  Apj).  Parry's 
Voy.  Suppl.  294. 

Var.  simplex,  Schimp.  Very  small  ;  stem  sim])le,  scarcely 
1  cm.  long:  leaves  short,  imbricate,  erect  when  dry:  capsule 
short-pedicelled,  ovate  or  subglobose.  —  Syn.  442. 

IIA13.     Wet  rocks  and  shady  grassy  banks,  in  mountains. 


97.  POLYTRICHUM,  Linn.    {V\.  3.) 
Plants  growing  in  wide  and   large   tufts,   from   radicidose 
creeping  shoots.     Stems  erect,  simple,  woody,  triangular,  the 
male  continuous  from  the  middle  of  the  flowers.     Leaves  as  in 


Ji 

u 

rw- 


i!l! 


I: 


I 


(1     1 
^1 


IS' 


[ill 


'I 


i 


n 


t 


'•■■) 


II 


264 


BRYACE^E. 


[Poly  trie  hum. 


Pogonatum^  with  a  broad  costa ;  lamella)  numerous,  not  inflated 
at  the  borders.  Calyptra  covered  with  lon^  han<^in<if  hairs. 
Capsule  on  a  lon^  solid  pedicel,  quadrangular  or  rarely  hexago- 
nal, with  a  short  sul)gli>l)ose  or  discoidal  a]>oi»hysi8.  Lid  large, 
]»lano.convex  or  conical,  straight-beaked.  Teeth  of  the  peristome 
generally  64.     Spores  very  small. 

*   Capsule  hexagonal. 

1.  P.  gracile,  Menz.  Plants  densely  cespitosc ;  stems  erect, 
slender,  very  flexuous  .  the  tomentose  divided  base,  simple 
above:  leaves  long,  linear-lanceolate,  sharjily  acuminate;  bor- 
ders thin,  erect,  acutely  dentate  :  ca]»sule  erect  on  a  long  pedicel, 
horizontal  when  dry,  hexagonal-ovate,  covered  by  the  calyptra 
nearly  lu  the  base  ;  lid  long-rostrate  from  a  conical  base,  straight 
or  (ibii(|U(';  peristome  of  64  unequal  teeth.  —  Trans.  Linn.  Soc. 
iv.  78,  t.  (I,  i;^.  :5;  Ibyol.  Eur.  t.  421. 

IIah.  IViit  bogs  of  Xortliciii  Ohio  (Le.sf/Hcreux);  Lake  Superior 
(.l;/((.s.s/2);  Uo(;ky  Mountains  (E.  lUdl). 

2.  P.  formOSUm,  Iledw.  Loosely  cespitose ;  stems  long, 
sometimes  very  long,  erect  from  the  prostrate  base:  lower  leaves 
very  small,  membranaceous,  sheathing,  oj)en  at  the  aplculate 
point,  the  uj>pi'r  open  and  recurved  from  a  long  sheathing  and 
shining  whitish  base,  glaucous-green  above,  loosely  appressed 
when  dry,  long  linear-lanceolate ;  margins  erect,  sharjily  dentate 
to  near  the  clasping  base;  jieritiha'tial  leaves  very  long,  erect: 
calyjitra  descending  to  the  base  of  thecajisule:  capsule  on  a 
long  fleshy  pedicel,  erect  when  moist,  cernuous  when  dry,  hori- 
zontal when  empty,  hexagonal  or  triangular,  with  a  distinct 
apophysis;  lid  conical  at  base,  gradually  long-acuminate,  red  on 
the  borders.  — Spec.  Muse.  92,  t.  19;  J3ryol.  Eur.  t.  420.  P. 
attenuatmn^  Menz.  1.  c.  tig.  2;  Lindb.  Polytrich.  109  and  126. 

Var.  pallidisetum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  shorter: 
leaves  shorter  and  bright  green  :  capsule  narrower,  often  sub- 
cylindrical  ;  pedicel  yellow,  reddish  at  base  only. 

Hai3.     Woods,  in  mountain  regions;  the  variety  in  subalpine  regions. 

*  *   Capsule  quadrangvlar. 

3.  P.  piliferum,  Schreb.  Loosely  cespitose ;  stems  simple, 
from  radiculose  subterranean  creeping  shoots,  erect,  naked 
below :  lower  leaves  very  small,  appressed,  scarcely  visible,  the 


Polytrkhum.] 


BRYACE/E. 


205 


upper  abruptly  larjj^er,  crowMled,  ^laucous-t«;rocn,  iiubru'ate  wlieii 
dry,  ovate,  sheatliiiii;,  luiiuf-lanceolate  at  base,  nearly  erect 
towards  the  aj>ex  by  the  iiiHexiuii  of  the  ei'tire  borders;  costa 
j^rolonged  into  a  long  white  dentate  awn  ;  perieluetial  leaves 
linear-lingulate,  erect,  very  concave,  the  iinier  thin  ;  costa  round, 
without  lamella',  the  awn  very  long:  calyptra  descending  below 
the  capsule :  cai)sule  tetr.igonal-ovate,  erect,  cernuous  when 
dry  ;  lid  de|)ressed,  conical  at  base,  short-rostrate,  ]»urple  or 
orange;  teeth  regular.  —  Spicil.  Fl.  Lips.  74;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  42'.:. 

\>U'.  Hoppei,  JJabenh.  Stems  very  densely  cespitose, 
short :  leaves  subimbricate  when  wet,  shorter,  with  a  very  long 
awn :  capsule  on  a  short  thick  j)edicel,  s(piare  or  subcubical, 
orange,  always  erect. 

II AH.  Sandy  barren  ground;  plains  and  mountains.  The  variety  in 
the  Uorky  Mountains  (Iknonic). 

4.  p.  juniperinum,  Willd.  Plants  long,  erect  from  subter- 
ranean shoots,  simple,  dichotonmus  above:  leaves  spreading- 
open  when  moistencMl,  erect  when  dry,  glaucous  or  dirty  green, 
long  linear-lanceolate  from  the  enlarged  sheathing  base,  entire, 
inflexe*!  on  the  borders;  costa  excurrent  into  a  short  reddish 
l)rown  serrulate  awn ;  perieluetial  and  perigonial  leaves  mem- 
branaceous on  the  borders;  lamelhe  papillose  on  the  margins: 
capsule  entirely  covered  by  the  calyj)tra,  tetragonal-pi-i.smatic, 
solid,  reddish  orange,  becoming  brown  when  oM  ;  lid  j)lano- 
convex  at  base,  apicnlate,  re(hlish.  —  Fl.  J>erol.  805;  Ifedw. 
Spec.  Muse.  89,  t.  18 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  423. 

Var.  alpinum,  Schimp.  In  compact  tufts;  stems  shorter : 
leaves  shorter,  more  crowded,  imbricate  Avhen  (by,  the  peri- 
clhTtial  long-curved:  calyptra  shorter,  white:  capsule  shorter, 
short-pedicellate.  —  Syn.  447. 

Hab.  Barren  and  dry  meadows;  plains  and  mountains.  The  variety 
in  high  mountains. 

5.  p.  strictum,  Baiiks.  Plants  slender,  densely  cespitose, 
branching;  tufts  matted  with  a  dense  whitish  tenacious  tomen- 
tum :  leaves  erect-open,  strict,  imbricate  when  dry,  shorter 
and  narrower  than  in  the  last :  capsule  smaller,  acutely  angled, 
red-orange,  covered  entirely  by  the  villou-:  caly|»tra. — Menz. 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  iv.  77,  t.  7,  fig.  1.  P.  alpe^tre^  iro])pe.  P. 
junipermurn,  var.  strictum^  Wallm,,  and  var.  alpestre,  Bruch  & 

Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  424;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  42. 
Hab.    Mountains,  on  dry  rocks;  White  Mountains,  etc. 


'!(! 


'ii 


ill 


III 


ir 


■  i 


i: 


I 


i 


266 


BRYACE.E. 


\Polytrichuin. 


0.  P.  commune,  Linn.  Plants  very  largo,  loosely  cesi»itose, 
dark  rod:  loaves  o|>oii,  reciirved,  very  loiig-sheatliing,  mem- 
liranacoous,  whitish  at  base ;  borders  narrow,  sharply  and 
densely  serrate  to  the  enlarged  base ;  borders  of  the  laniolhu 
])a))ill(>se  ;  porichietial  leaves  eroet,  very  long-sheathing,  awned: 
caly|)tra  very  hairy,  descending  below  the  capsule:  capsule 
sharply  angled,  long-pedicellate,  light  brown,  horizontal  when 
dry  and  enii)ty;  lid  flattoned-convex  at  base,  conical-apiculate, 
with  red  borders.  — Spec.  PI.  11U9;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  4-25. 

Var.  perigoniale,  Hruch  &  Schimp.  Smaller,  often  bifid: 
perichjetial  leaves  all  meinbranacoous,  long-aristate :  lid  pale, 
8hort-a))iculate.  —  ]*.  j^eriffonkile^  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  293. 

Hau.     l}og->  and  woods ;  plains  and  mountanis.     June.     Very  variable. 

TumE  XV.     BITXBAUMIE.E. 

Small  stendess  jdants,  with  large  oblique  ventricose  capsules, 
sessile  or  with  short  thick  pedicels,  Calyptra  very  small,  con- 
ical, smooth.  S})orangium  pedicellate,  small,  attached  by 
filaments  to  the  walls  of  the  caj)sulc.  Peristome  double,  the 
outer  rudimentary,  or  composed  of  one  or  more  rows  of  more 
or  less  perfect  teeth,  the  inner  membranaceous,  and  forming 
a  truncate  cone  of  16  or  32  twisted  folds.     Spores  very  small. 

98.  DIPHYSOIUM,  Mohr.  (PI.  3.) 
Stems  very  short,  simple,  with  numerous  long  radicles.  Stem- 
leaves  lingulate,  thick,  composed  of  a  double  stratum  of  cells, 
costate,  chloroj)hyllose  ;  areolation  very  small,  round-hexagonal ; 
perichjetial  leaves  larger,  ovate-lanceolate,  thin,  submembrana- 
ceous,  deeply  serrate  or  lacerate-ciliate  at  the  apex ;  costa  ex- 
current  into  an  awn.  Flowers  dioecious ;  the  male  open,  on 
plants  similar  to  the  fertile  ones,  the  paraphyses  longer  than  the 
antheridia ;  the  female  gemmiform,  with  ]»araj)hyses  shorter  than 
the  long-styled  archegonia.  Vaginule  formed  of  the  thickened 
u})j)er  part  of  the  stem,  bearing  the  perichajthun.  Caly])tra 
acute-conical,  covering  the  lid.  Capsule  ventricose,  ovate- 
conical,  }  ellowish  green.     'Lid  conical,  acute.     Outer  peristome 


liuxbaumla.] 


BUYACE.E. 


267 


formed  on  an  annulus  with  sixteen  notches  representing  teeth 
more  or  k'ss  distinctly. 

1.  D.  foliosum,  Mohr.  Widely  cespltose,  dark  green: 
Ptem-leiives  crenuiate  on  the  borders  by  prominent  cell.s,  eri.s- 
j)ate  when  dry  :  ca])sule  innnersed  in  the  colorless  pericluetium  ; 
teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  very  short,  triangular,  granulose, 
transversely  articulate,  often  perforated  in  the  middle,  pale 
yellow,  |»uri)le  at  the  a])ex.  —  Obs.  IJot.  lU;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  4'IH 
and  42.S''-  Jiiij-haumia  follosa,  Web.  Fl.  Gott.  1*J8.  Wchcni 
scssilifi,  Lindb.  ()fv.  Vet.  Akad.  Forh.  xxi.  570. 

Uau.     Clayey  and  shady  sandy  banks,  along  roads. 

99.  BUXBATTMIA,  Hall.  (I'l.  3.) 
Plants  very  small,  gregarious,  growing  on  soil  or  decaying 
wood.  Lower  leaves  broadly  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  the 
upper  ovate  and  linear-oblong,  without  costa,  coarsely  dentate- 
ciliate  on  the  borders  by  prominent  cells;  areolation  loose, 
oblong-hexagonal,  not  chlorojdiyllose,  })ale  near  the  l)ase,  red- 
dish or  orange-colored  toward  the  apex,  irregular  when  young; 
basilar  cells  transformed  into  laciniie  or  long  brown  filaments, 
becoming  roots  and  covering  the  stem  and  vaginule  with  a  very 
thick  tomentum.  Howers  dioicious  ;  male  plants  smaller  tlian 
the  fertile,  with  a  few  thin  leaves  not  laciniate  when  old  ; 
antheridia  solitary  or  in  pairs,  with  few  parai)hyses ;  perigynium 
of  the  fertile  flowers  ovate-oblong,  of  9  to  1*2  leaves,  becoming 
lacerate  after  fecundation ;  archegonia  1  to  3,  with  few  short 
]>arai)hyses ;  j)ericlia;tial  leaves  very  irregular,  ramose-ciliate 
after  fecundation.  Vaginule  thick,  fleshy,  formed  of  the  peri- 
chaetial  part  of  the  stem.  Calyjttra  conical,  cylindrical,  obtuse, 
covering  the  lid  only,  detached  before  the  maturity  of  the 
fruit,  sometimes  slightly  split  on  one  side.  Capside  on  a  thick 
red  densely  verrucose  pedicel,  oblique  on  a  solid  erect  neck, 
ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  ventricose,  flattened  on  one  side.  Lid 
conical-cylindric,  obtuse.  Peristome  double,  the  outer  either 
imperfect  and  adherent  to  the  annul  us,  or  perfect,  formed  of  a 
double  or  triple  series  of  teeth,  the  inner  like  that  of  Diphi/scium, 


VZ 


m 


r 


wfi 


\h 


i]\'A 


llii 


(til 


268 


BRYACEiE. 


[liuxbaumia. 


Annulus  narrow  or  very  largo,  forming  a  solid  irregularly  erosc 
dentate  margin  (outer  j»erist(>me  of  authors). 

1.  B.  aphylla,  Linn.  Annulus  very  broad,  as  high  as  the 
middle  of  the  inner  peristome  ;  outer  peristome  eomi>osed  of 
l)ale  irregular  segments,  slightly  exeeeding  the  annulus;  outer 
wall  of  the  capside  detaehed  helow  the  oritice  after  the  fall  of 
the  lid,  laeiniate  and  revolute. — Amusn.  Acad.  v.  83,  t.  1: 
Uryol.  Eur.  t.  427  and  428"- 

Hah.  On  the  ground,  especially  of  granite  regions  and  mountains; 
Wliite  Mountains;  Cascade  Mountains,  etc.  (Lyull). 

Series  II.     CLADOCAIiPI. 

Flowers  terminal  at  the  apex  of  short  lateral  branches. 

TiuHE  XVI.     FONTIXALEyE. 

Aquatic  mosses,  with  stems  more  or  less  V^ranching,  bearing 
radicles  at  their  l)ase  only.  Leaves  three-ranked,  thin,  smooth, 
ecostate ;  reticulation  slightly  chlorojdiyllose ;  jterichajtial 
branches  short,  transformed  at  the  apex  into  a  vaginule ;  peri- 
chajtium  densely  imbricate,  sheathing,  Calyptra  conical  or 
cucullate,  naked.  Capsule  sessile,  emerse(L  JV'ristome  double, 
the  outer  of  IG  long  teeth,  transversely  articulate,  latticed  on 
the  inside,  the  inner  of  IG  cilia  united  into  a  IG-carinate  cone, 
latticed  by  transverse  partitions. 

100.  FONTINALIS,  Dill.     (PI.  4.) 

Plants  floating  in  water,  generally  long.     Stem  irregularly 

branching    or    fasciculate-ramose.      Leaves    very    concave    or 

acutely   carinate,  with   a   narrowly  rhomboidal  or  vermiculnr 

areolation  generally  enlarged  at  the  auriculate  base.     Flowers 

<lioDcious,  small,  with  few  antheridia,  archegonia  and  para[>hyses. 

Annulus  none. 

1.  F.  antipyretica,  Linn.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  acumi- 
nate, entire,  shar]>ly  carinate-])licatc  ;  borders  retlexed  on  one 
side  toward  the  .angular  slightly  auricular  loosely  areolate  base, 
green  when  young,  olive-color  or  blackish  and  often  split  along 
the   keel   when   old ;    areolation    long    hexagonal-rhomboidal ; 


Fontlnalia.] 


BHYACE.E. 


260 


pcriclia'tial  loaves  imbricate,  tlie  upper  enlarged,  oblonjf,  all 
very  obtuse  at  the  apex,  often  lacerate  :  capsule  ovate-obloni;, 
solid,  olive-j^reen,  fus(•oIl^<  when  empty;  lid  conical;  teeth  Kmi;, 
dark  purple,  twisted  inward  when  dry  ;  articulations  close,  *JG 
to  80  ;  cone  blood-red  ;  partitions  ciliate.  —  Sp.  1*1. 1107  ;  Hryol. 
Eur.  t.  429.  Plhtrk'fttnn  ((/itij>i/re(icHhf,  ^luell.  Syn.  ii.  14^. 
•^  Var.  gigantea,  Snlliv.  More  robust  and  less  divided: 
leaves  larger,  more  closely  imbricate,  generally  shining,  palo 
green  or  golden  yellow,  red<lish  when  young,  gradually  smaller 
toward  the  end  of  the  branches:  eaj>sule  smaller,  less  solid; 
teeth  shorter;  coi.e  less  regularly  latticed. —  Icon.  Muse.  lOG, 
t.  G().  J'\  (/i(/ante((,  Siilliv.  in  Sulliv.  &>  Les(|.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer. 
Exsicc.  n.  'I'Ia.     F.  luitotii,  Snlliv.  1.  c,  n.  •J24"=- 

Had.  Shallow  crooks;  not  roiiuuon.  Tlie  v.ariety  in  rivulets  of  the 
plains  anil  in  niuuntain  s( roams;  very  ooiinnon. 

2.  P.  Oalifornica,  Sulliv.  Stems  very  soft  and  much 
divided,  all  foliate  :  leaves  open,  concave,  distant,  broadly  oval, 
loosely  areolate ;  jirimordial  utricles  of  the  cells  not  quite  dis- 
solved: fruit  unknown.  —  Pacif.  H.  Kcj).  iv.  1^9. 

IIah.  Ilivulets  in  the  Coast  Ilanges  north  of  tlu^  IJay  of  San  Francisco 
(liUjeloic). 

Kesembling  F.  nntipyretirn,  var.  rjiiinntcn,  but  a  soinowhat  sipaller 
plant,  with  more  distant  spreading  shorter  broader  and  less  acuminate 
leaves,  with  a  loose  aroolalion  of  shorter  and  wider  cells,  in  which  the 
primordial  utricle  is  more  or  less  conspicuous;  color  reddish  brown  or 
copperish. 

3.  P.  Neo-Mexicana,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  T^igid,  yellowish 
or  dirty  green,  shining  when  dry;  stems  much  divided  with 
long  branches,  naked  below :  leaves  open-erect,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, more  or  less  ]>licate  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  narrow,  thick- 
walled,  those  of  the  subauriculate  dccurrcnt  base  enlarged, 
oblong,  ferruginous;  ujjper  pericha^tial  leaves  ovate-oblong, 
abruptly  cuspidate,  upjier  areolation  linear,  and  base  of  the  leaves 
marked  with  reddish  orange  lines:  male  |)lants  more  slender; 
]»erigonial  leaves  numerous  :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  smaller  than 
in  F.  antipyretica  ;  lid  conical,  obtuse  ;  teeth  with  20  articu- 
lations; cone  latticed  and  papillate.  —  Muse.  l>or.-Amer.  Exsicc. 
n,  t'l^\  Aust.  Muse.  Ai)j)al.  n.  2')1'';  Sulliv.  Icon.  iMusc.  Suppl. 
7li,  t.  57.  F.  antipuretica^  var.,  Sulliv.  &c  Lesq.  Muse.  Hor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  834.  F.  Mercediana^  Lesq.  J'roc. 
Calif.  Acad.  i.  28. 


'J8 


270 


DKYACE.E. 


[Fontinalis. 


IIah.  Mountain  rlvuU'ts  of  \ew  Mt^xico  (  ]Vrtijht),  sterile  Npudinens 
upon  whk'h  the  species  was  foiuuletl;  Meireil  Wiver,  California  (Itobiudir), 
fertile;  lloeky  Mountains,  also  fertile  {K.  Udll). 

4.  F.  Dalecarlica,  IJruch  &  Schiinp.  I'hmts  f.'isciculntfly 
raino.-it',  iiakod  toward  the;  base,  <lark  <>r  dirty  j^rt't'U  :  k-avis 
ilosc'ly  ImUricatc,  narrowly  obioiitjj-lanct'olatc',  actiiiiiiiatc,  flossy 
coiicave  and  incurvt'd  on  the  borders;  jtcricliU'tial  leavts  longi-r- 
acuminatc,  the  inm-r  surpasjanj^  the  top  of  the  lid,  rocurvt'd  at 
tlio  apex:  teeth  distantly  articulate,  lacunose  between  the 
articulations  ;  cilia  irreijularly  latticed,  mostly  disjointed,  yel- 
lowish.—  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  431.  I'\  Sf/naniosit,  Auct. ;  Sulliv. 
^Fosses  of  U.  States,  r)4. 

Hah.     Mountain  rivulets;  not  rare,  and  abundantly  fruiting. 

5.  F.  biformis,  Sulliv.  Plants  yellowish  green  wlien 
younuf,  dirty  <xreen  when  old  ;  stems  lonj;,  very  ramose :  leaves 
loosely  imbricate,  indistinctly  three-ranked,  dimorj)h()us,  the 
vernal  large,  soft,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  concave,  acute  or 
blunt;  the  later,  after  the  falling  off  of  the  first,  much  smaller 
and  narrower,  convolute,  rigid,  covering  the  young  branches ; 
areolation  of  the  vernal  lejives  linear  in  the  middle,  broader- 
rhomboidal  and  sphagniform  near  the  apex,  tliat  of  the  small 
decurrent  basal  auricles  much  larger,  quadrate-oblong :  female 
flowers  very  rare,  i>laced  at  the  base  of  the  stems,  the  male 
long-stipitate,  clustered  (2  to  4) :  calyptra  long-conical,  lacerate 
at  base:  capsule  oblong-oval,  closely  folded  among  the  periduc- 
tial  leaves,  generally  erose  at  the  apex  when  ohl ;  lid  conical, 
rostrate;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  18-20-articulate ;  cilia  tessel- 
late  and  united  at  the  apex  only,  granulose  and  papillose  like 
the  teeth.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  54,  in  })art,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
99,  t.  59,  GO ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesip  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  226, 
22G'''  and  22G''-  I",  dtstlc/ia,  var.,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  191, 
and  Pilotrichum.  sp/taffni/oUwn,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  150;  a  vernal 
form.  J^.  disticha^  var.,  Sulliv.  1.  c,  n.  192,  and  Pilotrichum 
dlstichum^  Muell.  1.  c,  in  i)art ;  the  summer  ft)rm. 

II An.     Woodlands,  in  rivulets;  Central  Ohio. 

Besides  other  characters  less  striking,  such  as  the  rostrate  operculum, 
the  long-stipitate  male  flowers,  etc.,  tl>e  prominent  peculiarity  of  thia 
species  is  tlie  change  wliich  takes  place  in  its  foliage,  tlie  vernal  leaves 
being  replaced  in  summer  by  otliers  of  a  different  size,  form  and  texture. 

6.  F.  NoV88-Angli8B,  Sulliv.  Somewhat  like  the  vernal 
forms  of  the  last  species,  differing  in  the  more  rigid  elastic 


Fontlnalia.] 


BRYACEiE. 


271 


stoma,  distantly  and  |>innatt'ly  hranclu'd  at  riixht  anj^lcs ; 
branches  shDrt :  leaves  close,  firm,  jx<'"t'rally  hriijht  j^reeii, 
densely  areolate,  Jiot  dimorphous:  male  flowers  solitary,  the 
female  very  numerous  in  the  axils  of  most  of  tlu'  lenvi's :  cap- 
side  and  jieristome  as  in  /•'.  hiforniis;  cilia  less  itapillose.^ 
Mosses  of  r.  States,  1(>4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  lOf),  t.  ((5. 

IIah.  New  Havon,  Coniiortiout  (Kntnn)\  Massachusotts  {Tnriraham, 
Jaiiirn);  IJhodo  iHland  (O/or//);  Cat.skill  Mountains,  Now  .Jersey,  etc, 

7.  P.  LeSCUrii,  Sulliv.  Plants  jxreen,  ])assin^  to  <;lossy 
jjold-color ;  stems  loncf,  loosely  foliate,  ii  rct^ularly  hranchintr, 
suhjiinnately  ramulose  toward  the  ajfcx:  leaves  oiien-erect, 
obscurely  three-ninked,  lonix-lanceolate,  concave,  soft,  clas|iin_<; 
at  hase,  slii;htly  serrulate  at  the  apex;  m.edial  cells  very  narrow, 
flexuons,  linear,  the  apical  shorter  and  broader,  those  of  tlie 
basilar  anujles  much  larujer,  oblonir,  inflated  :  flowers  numerous 
toward  the  base  of  the  plants:  cai)sule  short,  subcylindrical, 
thin,  covered  before  maturity  to  above  the  oiJcrciilum  by  the 
iimer  oblon^-obtiise  tubulose  ])erichietial  leaves,  closely  enfold- 
ing it,  becominuf  shortened  by  erosion  when  old  ;  lid  long- 
eonical ;  teeth  granulose-papillose,  of  '20  to  25  articulations; 
cilia  trabeculate  and  connected  at  the  a))ex,  free  and  appendicu- 
l.ite  at  base.  —  jNIossos  of  U.  States,  54,  and  Icon.  3Iusc.  101, 
t.  Gl ;  Sulliv.  &  Lescp  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  'J'JH. 

Var.  gracilescens,  Sulliv.  Smaller  and  more  slender, 
reseml)lin<jj  F'.  dlsticha.  —  Icon.  INIusc.  101. 

IlAn.  Falls  of  Little  River,  Lookout  Mountains,  Alabama  (Lenqne- 
rex(x)\  Saco  River,  in  the  White  Mountains  {Jdincs);  ()ie<;on  (Hall). 
The  variety  in  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Lsland,  New  Jersey,  Delaware, 
etc. 

8.  P.  Sullivantii,  Lindl).  Mtich  like  I^^.  Lcscurii,  the 
plants  slender  and  smaller:  leaves  distant,  narrower,  dirty  yel- 
low; basilar  cells  very  large;  jtericluetial  leaves  shorter,  not 
undulate  at  the  apex:  ca])sides  numerous,  cylindrical,  shorter 
and  broader;  lid  longer.  —  Ofvers.  Finska  Vet.  Soc.  xii.  77. 
7^.  Lesciirii.,  var.  ramosioi\  Sulliv.  Icon.  jMusc.  101,  t.  62. 

Hab.  Clieshire  County,  New  Hampshire  (Eaton),  and  Brattleborough, 
Vermont  {Frost). 

9.  P.  flliformis,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  Ms.  Plants  very  slen- 
der, much  divided  ;  stems  and  branches  filiform,  flexible  :  leaves 
convolute,  narrow,  rigid,  loosely  areolate  ;  primordial  cells  more 
or  less  dissolved:    capsules  very   numerous,    long-cylindrical; 


i 


triii-i 

11 


ft 


070 


BRYACEyE. 


[FonthialU. 


li'cth  lancoolatc-siilnilatc,  obscurely  20-22-.irticulato,  Mrurcoly 
jK'rt'oriiti'd  on  llic  <liviMuriil  lint',  tlii'  iiiniT  prncri'.Iy  «U'MtroyiMl 
to  Jjear  tliu  biiMc,  apprndiculatc,  closely  arliciilate.  —  /'.  dintic/iUy 
Siilliv.  iSi  Lesq.  Miisc.  Hor.-Ainer.  Kxsicc.  (ed.  'J),  n.  liliT.  Ju 
tlititichu^  var.  tent(i<n',  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  lOIJ,  t.  G4. 

II.VM.     Old  bayous,  Wt'stern  Kentucky  (Lenqucreux). 

A  w«'ll  luiirkiMl  spocl*'*,  g«'nt!rally  confoinulcil  witli  F.  distU'ha,  but 
I'ciKlily  (listliiguisbud  by  its  blunder  dullcuti:  hubit  und  its  lung  and  nurruw 
capsuh!. 

10.  P.  disticha,  ITook  &  Wlls.  Plants  more  robust  than 
in  the  last,  more  divided  and  diffuse,  or  pinnately  branching 
above:  leaves  nioro  open,  broader,  concave,  twisted  at  the 
8li<j;litiy  serrulate  apex;  perichajtial  short  and  lacerate:  nialo 
flowers  very  numerous:  fruits  rare :  caj>side  somewhat  broader; 
teeth  12-10-articulate;  the  cilia  transversely  latticed  from  the 
middle  upward.  —  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  151; 
Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  190,  Mosses  of  U.  States,  54,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  103,  t.  03. 

llAU.     New  Orleans  { Drwmnond) ',  Mobile  (SiilliKnnt). 

11.  P.  hypnoides,  Ilartm.  Plants  slender,  with  few- 
branches  and  short  spreading  brnnchlets:  stem-leaves  distant, 
open,  nearly  Hat,  ovate-lanceolate,  sharply  long-acuminate, 
narrowly  lanceolate  when  young,  loosely  reticulate  :  capsule 
very  sn\nll,  elliptical,  thin,  naked  to  the  middle ;  teeth  narrow, 
densely  articulate,  entire,  ])urple ;  cilia  narrowly  latticed,  blood- 
red.— Skand.  Fl.  ed.  4,  434;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  432. 

IIab.  Colorado.  Included  in  R.an  &  Ilervey's  Catalogue  upon  sterile 
specimens  sent  to  tbe  authors  by  Branderjce. 


m\ 


101.  DICHELYMA,  IMyrin.  (PI.  4.) 
Plants  with  distant  subdistichous  branches.  Leaves  narrow, 
long  lanceolate-subulate,  falcate  or  complicate,  narrowly  costate ; 
arcolation  rhomboidal.  Flowers  dioecious ;  perichretium  very 
long,  the  outer  leaves  imbricate,  the  upi)er  convolute.  Calyptra 
dimidiate,  descending  to  below  the  capsule  and  connate  at 
base,  or  short  and  cucullate.  Capsule  long-pedicellate.  Teeth 
of  the  outer  peristome  long-linear,  more  or  less  densely  articu- 
lated, and  splitting  along  the  divisural  line ;  cilia  longer  than 
the  teeth,  latticed  above  or  appendiculate. 


Dlchelyina.] 


BRYACK.«. 


278 


1.  D.  falcatum,  Myrin.  StciiiH  variaMc  in  lon^^tli :  I(:tv«>H 
cloMc,  thrt'i'-ijiiikcd,  fuU-jilt'-st'cund,  ciitiro  or  nt-arly  so,  UriLrht 
^rc't'ii  wlifii  yomi",',  tlii'ii  yellow isli-LjIossy,  Mackisli  aiitl  «»|>a(|iio 
when  old;  oomIu  Hul»jK'rcurri'iU  ;  iiiiicr  iiericliatial  leaveH  very 
loiii^,  lliotij^-Hha|)('<l,  twisted  aroiiiid  the  jtedicel :  calyittra  closely 
onl'oldiiii;  the  pedicel  under  tin-  capsule,  split  open  on  one  side, 
pale  straw-color:  capsule  oval-ohlonix,  exserted  on  a  slindtT 
pedicel;  lid  as  lon<r  us  the  capsule,  conical-acuminate;  inner 
peristome  tini'ly  latticed,  brii^ht  red.  —  Svensk.  Acad.  Ilandl. 
l«'{li,  *J74,  t.  (J ;  Hryol.  Kur.  t.  433.  FontiiutUHfulaaa,  Iledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iii.  T)?,  t.  *24. 

Hah.  .Switl  luuuntuin  struains;  White  Muuntains,  Cutskilis,  Adlroii- 
(liicks,  «;tc. 

'2.  D.  uncinatum,  Mitt.  Leaves  three-r.mked,  falcate- 
socund,  lanceolate,  i^radiially  narrowed  to  the  <lenticulate  apex, 
complicate  costate ;  borders  minutely  Herrul;ite  from  the  middle 
tjpward  ;  outer  perichaitial  leaves  convolute,  ohloiiLT,  obtuse, 
the  inner  louijjer,  more  acute:  capsule  exserte<l,  on  a  short  ped- 
icel, oval,  subetjual ;  lid  as  Ion i;  as  the  capsule,  subulate :  inner 
jteristome  entirely  lattice<l,  a  little  longer  than  the  outer.  — 
Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  44. 

IIau.     Fort  Colville,  Wiishinf^tou  T'-rritory  (Lynll). 

Closely  allitul  to  I),  fnlcittit,.  ,  from  wliicli  il  tlilTers  in  tlH>  more  slcntlcr 
and  luor*!  distinctly  piiniatuly  branched  stems,  and  the  more  sctacfous 
k'uves  with  an  oxciuivnt  costa,  which  is  smooth  beyond  the  serrulate 
margins,  and  denticulate  only  at  its  apex.  The  pericluetial  leaves  are  not 
twistetl,  and  the  inner  peristome  is  a  jHTfectly  oancellate  cone,  exceeding 
the  outer  teeth  by  about  one-tifth  of  their  length.  —  (MitU'u.) 

3.  D.  capillaceum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Of  the  sanu>  size 
as  the  last;  branches  distichous,  few,  divaricate,  or  one-sided: 
leaves  secund,  less  falcate,  oval-lanceolate  at  base,  long-linear 
above,  acuminate  by  the  e.xcurrent  costa,  serrate  at  the  apex, 
dirty  green  ;  periclui'tium  very  long,  ])assing  above  the  capsule; 
])ericha!tial  leaves  liriear,  thin,  ecostate,  pale  yellow,  twisted  : 
capsule  emerging  from  the  side  of  the  perichtetium,  small,  thin, 
l>ale,  ovate,  truncate  after  the  falling  off  of  the  high  conical 
lid;  teeth  narrowly  linear,  densely  ]>apillose ;  cilia  nearly  as 
large,  longer  than  the  teeth,  constricted  at  the  articulations, 
united  only  near  tlie  a])ex  by  transverse  divisions,  j)apillose, 
])ale  yellow.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  436.  l^^ontinulis  capillacea, 
Dicks.  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  1.     Keckera  cupiUaceUy  Muell.  Syn.  ii. 


t    t 


1 1  ff- 


^' 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


// 


%r 


^  .^% 


1.0 


125 


li2|2J 

«J  lii   12.2 

^  tiS.    012.0 

u 


1.1 

■1 1^  "'-^ 


I 


FhotQgrai^ 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTr«,N.Y.  145M 

(716)S72-4S03 


'^ 


^ 


^ 


274 


BRYACE^. 


[Dichelyma. 


m 


1^1 


\>y'' 


'  f 


•  \  I 


144.     D.  capillaceum^   var.  subulifolium^  Bruch  &   Schiiup. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  435,  in  part  (j?  1,  2,  2a). 
IIab.    In  valley  rivulets,  Pennsylvania  and  the  Northwest;  not  rare. 

4.  D.  pallescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     Resembling  the  last 

in  its  long  j)erichietiuin,  but  differing  from  it  in  its  pale  green 

color,  the  shorter  an<l  less  divided  stems,  the  shorter  wider 

more   complicate-carinate   nearly   entire    and    closely    areolate 

leaves,  the  costa  percurrent  or  vanishing  below  the  apex,  and 

the  cilia  simple,  narrower,  and  not  barred.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  under 

t.  43G ;  Schimp.  Corol.  97.     D.  capillaceum^  Myrin,  1.  c.  t.  7 ; 

Bryol.  Eur.  t.  435,  excl.  var. 

Had.  Rocky  Mountains  (Driimmond);  stagnant  poo]s,  New  England 
{Ingraham);  Pennsylvania  and  Nova  Scotia  (James). 

5.  D.  SUbulatum,  Myrin,  1.  c.    Tufts  long,  pale,  loose; 

stems  slender,  flaccid,  pinnately  divided  into  short  open  unequal 

branches :  stem-leaves  open,  distant,  loosely  imbricated,  slightly 

secund,  lanceolate,  plicate-concave,   denticulate   at  the  apex ; 

costd  narrow,  vanishing    below  the   apex;   perichajtial  leaves 

imbricri;e,  long-lanceolate,  ecostate,  very  entire :  calyptra  short, 

cucullate,  covering  the  lid  only:  capsule  oval,  immersed;  lid 

convex,  obliquely  rosteliate ;  teeth  short,  lanceolate,  split  open, 

minutely  punctulate,  saffron  color ;  cilia  thin,  much  longer  than 

the  teeth,  nodose  and   appendiculate  below,  trabeculate  and 

united  at  the  apex  only,  smooth,  reddish  brown.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 

t.  434,    Fontinalis  subulata^  Beauv.  Prodr.  68.     Neckera  subu- 

lata^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  145. 

Hab.  Georgia  (.BeauToois)\  Louisiana  (Drwnmond);  Arkansas  (Engel- 
mann). 

6.  D.  cylindricarpum,  Aust.  Stem-leaves  lanceolate- 
subulate,  twisted,  falcate,  very  entire  or  serrulate  at  the  apex 
only ;  costa  round,  long-excurrent ;  perichaBtial  leaves  somewhat 
twisted,  obtuse:  capsule  cylindrical,  yellowish,  exserted  on  a 
pedicel  two  cm.  lor.g,  somewhat  irregular  and  slightly  costate 
when  dry ;  lid  conical,  acute ;  teeth  long,  solid,  opaque,  papil- 
lose ;  cilia  slightly  longer,  cancellate  their  whole  length,  papil- 
lose.—  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  111. 

Hab.    Oregon  (Mrs.  Jessie  Roy). 

The  author  compares  it  with  7).  uncinatum,  from  which  it  is  distin- 
guished by  the  capsule  twice  as  long  and  much  Jonger  pedicelled,  the  outer 
peristome  longer  and  papillose,  the  stem-leaves  with  the  costa  more  dis- 
tinctly excurrent  into  a  narrowei:  more  acute  terete  point,  etc. 


Cryphoea.] 


BRYACE^. 


275 


7.  D.  Swartzii,  Lindb.  Ms.  With  the  habit  of  J>.  capilla- 
ceum^  but  more  robust :  upjier  leaves  of  the  branches  hooke«l, 
the  others  variously  secund,  all  densely  crowded,  obscurely  three- 
ranked,  glos;5y,  lanceolate  at  base,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
very  long  flat  acumen,  acutely  serrate  at  the  ajicx,  distantly 
denticulate  below ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  j)oint :  fruit 
unknown.  —  Schimp.  Syn.  4G1.  Jlyjmum  Jliiitans,  \ixv.  seira- 
tum.  Lindb.;  Ilartm.  Skand.  Fl.,  ed.  9,  18.  If.  exannulatum^ 
Guemb.,  vars.  immersum  and  Cochleie.^  Austin,  1.  c.  143. 

llAn.  Pools  of  stagnant  water,  New  Jersey  (Auiitin)\  California  (Bo- 
lander,  Jirewcr). 

The  species  resembles  Ilypnum  jiuitana,  and  has  been  considered  by 
Schiniper  as  probably  a  variety  of  that  species.  It  is  distinct,  however, 
in  the  narrow  cells  of  the  leaves,  the  two  basilar  rows  much  longer  and 
somewhat  broader,  and  in  the  denticulation  entirely  surroumliiig  the  leaf. 
The  species  is  evidently  dioecious.  The  male  plants  received  from  Cali- 
fornia are  covered  with  large  polyphyllous  flowers,  with  the  perigonial 
leaves  broadly  ovate,  concave,  and  narrowed  into  a  long  slender  fiexuous 
nearly  entire  point. 

Seuies  III.    PLEUROCARPl. 

Fruit  lateral  by  the  position  of  the  flowers  of  both  kinds, 
placed  in  the  axils  of  leaves,  either  upon  the  primary  stems  or 
upon  branches. 

Tribe  XXIX.    NECKERE^E. 

Primary  stems  creeping,  generally  defoliate ;  the  secondary 
erect  or  pendent,  dichotomous  or  fasciculately  or  pinnately 
ramulose.  Leaves  spreading,  generally  large,  smooth,  rarely 
obscurely  papillose,  minutely  areolate ;  uj>]>er  cells  rhomboidal, 
or  short-linear  in  oblique  rows,  the  lower  long-linear,  angular  or 
minutely  quadrate.  Fruit  on  perichietial  branchlets  without 
rootlets  at  base.  Calyptra  conical  or  cucullate.  naked  or  hairy. 
Capsule  generally  immersed  in  the  long  imbricate  perichajtium, 
erect,  symmetrical,  rarely  curved.  Peristome  simple  or  double, 
very  rarely  none. 

102.  CRYPH^A,  Mohr.    (PI.  5.) 
Secondary  stems  more  or  less  regularly  pinnate  or  bipinnate. 
Leaves  spreading  when  moist,  imbricate  when  dry,  ovate,  acu- 


tl 

•1 

I 
|| 

i] 

I 

'-I 

I 

i 

i 

\ 
i 


IT 


y 


i;;, 


,;!  .■  :'.^ 


!i 


'I     ,:      ' 


i ; 'li 


276 


BllYACE^. 


[CVi/|)Acea. 


minato ;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex ;  areolation  minute, 
roun<l-oval  above,  longer  toward  the  base.  Flowers  mona'cious, 
numerous ;  perichatia  on  shoi't  branches,  often  agglomerate,  the 
j>erichajtial  leaves  very  different  from  those  of  the  stem,  with  a 
linear  vermicular  areolation,  hexagonal-rectangular  at  base. 
Calyptra  conieal-campanulate,  many  times  split  at  the  base, 
rough  or  pai)illose.  Caj)8ule  immersed,  subtruncate  at  base, 
ovate,  thin.  Peristome  double;  outer  teeth  linear-lanceol.ate, 
articulate,  minutely  i)apillo8e ;  segments  narrow,  linear  or  fili- 
form, punctulate ;  cilia  none.     Annulus  large,  compound. 

1.  C.  glomerata,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Plants  small,  rigid, 
in  loose  tiat  yellowish  green  tufts ;  primary  stems  naked  when 
old,  the  secondary  julaceous,  simple  or  rarely  branching:  leaves 
close,  imbricate,  ovate-elliptical,  abruptly  short-acuminate,  con- 
cave, refxed  on  the  borders,  densely  areolate ;  medial  and 
upper  cells  elliptical,  longer  toward  the  base,  the  marginal 
smaller  and  subcjuadrate ;  costa  reaching  to  the  middle ;  lower 
j»ericha?tial  leaves  minute,  ovate,  the  upper  gradually  becoming 
much  larger  than  the  inner,  oblong,  abruptly  rounded  at  the 
apex,  thin,  the  costa  excurrent  into  a  thick  point :  male  flowers 
gemmiform :  calyjitra  2-3-laciniate  at  base,  split  nearly  to  the 
top  on  one  si<le,  scabrous  at  the  apex :  capsule  oval-oblong,  thin, 
very  shortly  i»edicellate ;  lid  obliquely  conical,  acute ;  peristome 
whitish;  segments  short;  annulus  compound,  very  broad. — 
Bryol.  Eur.  under  Crxjijhma.,  5  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  56, 
t.  5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  107,  t.  67.  C.  JiUformis^  Sulliv.  Muse. 
Allegh.  n.  81.  Daltonia  heteromalla,  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumra. 
Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  99. 

II AB.    Trunks  of  trees,  mostly  in  the  Southern  States;  not  rare. 

2.  0.  pendula,  Lesq.  &  James.  Plants  slender,  loosely 
j>endent,  dark  brown,  green  in  the  upper  part  only ;  primary 
stems  very  short  or  scarcely  seen,  the  secondary  filiform,  thicker 
in  the  middle,  branching  at  the  apex  only ;  branchlets  capilli- 
forni,  either  long  and  forking,  or  short,  multiple  and  flagellate : 
leaves  squarrose-spreading  when  moist,  long-acuminate ;  areo- 
lation dense ;  apical  cells  ovate,  angular,  the  alar  transversely 
elongated,  quadrangular ;  costa  short,  vanishing  below  the  mid- 
dle, sometimes  forking  at  base ;  perichaetial  leaves  with  a  short 


if "' ;•' 


Crj/phcBa.] 


BRYACE^E. 


277 


aciimon,  the  solid  costa  vanishing?  at  or  Ix'low  the  apex  :  oalyptra 
eoiiical,  entire:  capsule  and  peristome  as  in  tlie  preceding 
species ;  lid  conical,  blunt  at  the  apex.  —  Proc.  Anier.  Acad, 
xiv.  138. 

ILvn.    On  Tillandsia,  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith,  Garber). 

The  dark  color  of  the  plants,  the  long  Hexuous  slender  filiform  stems, 
rarely  simple,  generally  forking  above  the  middle  or  divided  in  tufts  of 
short  capillary  flabellate  branches,  the  form  and  disposition  of  the  longer 
leaves,  open  or  recurved  at  the  top  when  dry,  the  areolation,  the  straight 
conical  operculum,  and  the  entire  calyptra  hispid  to  below  the  middle, 
are  the  essential  characters  which  separate  this  species  from  the  last. 

3.  C.  nervosa,  Bruch  &  Schimj).  1.  c.  Differs  from  C. 
glomenita  in  its  more  slender  stems,  leaves  less  crowde<l,  nar- 
rower, lanceolate-acuminate,  the  costa  ascending  to  near  the 
apex  or  vanishing  within  the  acimien,  the  upj)er  j)erich{etial 
leaves  lanceolate,  and  paj»illose  on  the  back  near  the  apex : 
calyptra  split  on  one  side  only :  capsule  turgid  at  base,  shorter ; 
annulus  simj)le,  shorter,  nearly  smooth.  —  SuUiv.  3Iosses  of 
U.  States,  50,  and  Icon.  Muse.  109,  t.  08.  Daltonia  nervosa^ 
Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  100. 

Had.  On  trees;  Louisiana  (I>rM»<mo«ci);  Alabama  (i;o?</»KS7>;t).  Often 
mixed  with  the  preceding. 

4.  0.  Ravenelii,  Aust.  Plants  short,  dirty  green,  julaceous, 
curved,  nearly  simple:  leaves  open  when  moist,  round-ovate, 
obtuse  or  blunt,  opaque,  minutely  i)apillose  on  the  back  ;  borders 
slightly  recurved  toward  the  base,  incurved  at  the  aj)ex  ;  costa 
ascending  to  above  the  middle,  flexuous  and  open,  unequally 
bifid  at  the  apex;  areolation  obscure,  minutely  granulose, 
unifonn :  fruiting  branches  very  short ;  pericha'tial  leaves  thin, 
pale,  abriptly  short-acuminate;  costa  slender,  vanishing  far 
below  the  apex :  capsule  oval,  solid,  surrounded  at  the  orifice 
by  a  broad  solid  red  margin ;  lid  conical,  acute ;  teeth  8,  red^ 
solid,  subulate-filiform  from  the  enlarged  base,  nodulose-articu- 
late, perforated  along  the  dividing  line;  segments  none. — 
Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  89. 

Hab.    Rome,  Georgia  (Ratenel). 

Resembles  C.  glomerata,  but  is  readily  distinguished  by  its  obtusish 
granulose  leaves,  not  squarrose  when  moist,  by  its  shorter  less  abniptly 
pointed  perichaetial  leaves,  not  costate  to  the  apex,  by  its  shorter  more 
solid  capsule,  with  a  broad  solid  rim  and  witliout  a  persistent  annuius,  by 
its  red  erect  teeth,  appressed  when  moist,  and  by  the  want  of  an  inner 
peristome.  —  ( Austin. )    Apparently  referable  to  the  following  genus. 


278 


BRTACE^. 


[Leptodon, 


<fi 


103.  LEPTODON,  Mohr.  (PI.  4.) 
Stems  short,  doju'ossod,  pinnately  or  irregularly  divitled  into 
short  branches.  Leaves  obtuse,  opaque,  smooth  or  slightly 
|>a|tillose  on  the  back,  loosely  imbricate.  Flowers  mona'cious. 
V.'igiiiule  distinct,  covered  with  long  hairs.  Calyptra  hairy. 
CMpsule  subincluded,  oval-oblong,  soft.  Lid  rostrate.  Peristome 
simple,  of  10  teeth. 

1.  Li.  trichomitrion,  Mohr.  Plants  rigid,  in  broad  yel- 
lowish green  tufts;  ])rimary  stems  creeping,  filiform,  naked,  the 
secondary  short,  with  numerous  short  branches;  leaves  close, 
open-erect,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate  to  a  blunt  point,  concave, 
reflexed  on  the  biM'ders ;  cells  oblong,  fusiform,  smaller  and 
qua<lrate  along  the  borders  near  the  base;  perichactial  leaves 
of  loose  texture,  the  upper  long,  sheathing,  narrowly  acuminate, 
passing  above  the  base  of  the  capsule :  capsule  cylindrical-ovate, 
gradually  narrowed  to  a  short  pedicel,  thin  ;  teeth  linear-lanceo- 
hte,  whitish,  remotely  articulate,  sometimes  perforated  along 
tie  divi<ling  line;  inner  membrane  entire  or  more  or  less 
lacerated,  adhering  to  the  inner  face  of  the  teeth.  —  Obs.  Bot. 
27;  Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  88,  and  Icon.  Muse.  112,  t.  71. 
Pterif/ynandriim  trichoinitrion,  Jlodw.  Sp.  Muse.  82,  t.  16. 
Lasia  trichomitritim^  Beauv.  Prodr.  72.  Forsstroemia  trichO' 
tnitria,  Lindb.  Ofv.  Svensk.  Vet.  Akad.  xix.  605. 

Var.  immersus,  Sulliv.  Plants  smaller:  leaves  broader; 
the  perichactial  shorter-acuminate :  capsule  subimmersed ;  teeth 
more  densely  articulate.  —  Icon.  Muse.  112.  X.  immersum^ 
Sulliv.  &>  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  234 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  57. 

Var.  irrigUUS,  Renauld  Ms.  Leaves  spreading  when  moist ; 
costa  simp^",  ascending  to  above  the  middle :  pedicel  geniculate, 
exceeding  the  periehaitial  leaves ;  vaginule  with  few  short  hairs. 

Had.  Trees,  rarely  on  rocks;  Northern  and  Middle  States.  The 
varieties  in  the  Southern  States,  the  last  on  wet  rocks  in  Florida  (Fitz- 
cjernld) 

2.  L.  Ohioensis,  Sulliv.  More  slender  than  the  last; 
secondary  stems  julaceous,  less  divided :  leaves  shorter,  broader, 
horizontally  spreading  when  moistened ;  areolation  nearly 
round;  costa  thick,  vanishing  above  the  middle:  capsule  and 
operculum  shorter.  —  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  89,  Mosses  of  U.  States, 


!  'f  1 


w 


Alsia.] 


BRYACE^. 


279 


57,  t.  4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  114,  t.  72.  Neckera  Ohioensis^  Muell. 
Syn.  ii.  9)i.  Forsstroemia  Ohioensis^  Limlb.  Ofv.  Finsk.  Vet. 
Sof.  xii.  75. 

Hah.    Central  Ohio,  on  trees  in  swampy  woods;  not  rare. 

3.  L.  nitidus,  Liiulb.  Ms.  Pliints  yellowish  jjjreen,  ijlossy; 
prim.sry  stems  prostrate,  with  mere  fniijmeiits  of  leaves,  the 
secondary  scarcely  flattened,  erect,  or  curved  above,  irrejiularly 
divided  into  short  slender  densely  foliate  round  branches: 
leaves  erect,  imbricate,  sli<;htly  auriculate  at  base  and  decurrent, 
broadly  oblong-ovate,  short-acuminate,  serridate  at  the  apex 
only ;  costa  short,  vanishing  below  the  middle ;  cells  of  the 
areolation  narrowly  rhomboidal,  oblong-linear,  chlorophyllose; 
those  of  the  angles  few,  ({ua<lrate,  inflated,  small  and  brown; 
I)ericha}tial  leaves  linguifonn,  abruptly  short-acuminate,  ecostate, 
very  entire :  capsule  immersed,  oval-globose,  with  a  dark  purple 
margin,  glossy,  rugulose  when  dry ;  lid  large,  broadly  conical, 
apiculate ;  teeth  of  the  simple  peristome  linear-lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, pale  brown,  very  brittle,  densely  trabeculate.  —  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  80,  t.  60.  Xeckera  Macoutni,  Sulliv.  Canad. 
Nat.  ser.  2,  ii.  79  and  397,  name  only.  Forsstrcemia  mtkluy 
Lindb.  1.  c.  73. 

Had.    On  trees,  near  Belleville,  Canada  {Macoun). 


104.  ALSIA,  Sulliv. 
Habit  and  appearance  of  Leptodon :  primary  stems  creei)ing, 
defoliate,  rooting,  the  secondary  erect,  dendroid,  pinnately  or 
bipinnately  divided ;  branches  more  or  less  curved  downward 
or  circinate  when  dry.  Stem-leaves  ovate-oblong,  lanceolate, 
with  multiform  paraphyllia;  areolation  punctiform,  oval-quad- 
rate on  the  basilar  borders.  Flowers  dicccious,  the  male 
numerous,  on  stems  and  branches.  Calyptra  cuculliform, 
smooth.  Capsule  generally  short-pedicellate,  cylindrical  or 
oblong,  erect  or  subcemuous,  emerging  from  a  long  imbricate 
perichoetium.  Lid  conical,  curvirostrate.  Peristome  double; 
outer  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  long;  segments  linear,  filiform, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth,  enlarged  and  carinate  at  the  junction 
with  the  basilar  membrane,  articulate  and  perforated,  with  or 
without  cilia.    Genus  allied  to  Leptodon, 


I- 


^Ai 


fp 


280 


BRYACE^. 


[Alaia. 


mi 

if  iil 


* . 


I 


n 


1.  A.  Oalifornica,  Sulliv.  Widely  cespitose,  bright  green ; 
set'oiidary  stums  subpiunately  divided  :  leaves  loosely  imbricate, 
oblong-lanceolate,  spreading  and  divergent,  concave,  reflexed 
on  the  borders,  flat  at  the  apex,  serrulate;  costa  vanishing  in 
the  middle;  branch-leaves  smaller;  cells  of  the  upj)er  and  mid- 
dle i)ortions  round-rhomboidal,  of  the  lower  longer  and  pellucid, 
of  the  alar  (piadrate  and  obscure;  upper  j»ericha'tial  leaves 
sheathing,  filiform-acuminate;  teeth  distinctly  trabeculate, 
yellowish  inside,  pnnctidatc-scabrous ;  annulus  none.  —  Proc. 
Amer.  Acad.  iii.  185,  and  Muse.  Wilkes  Exp.  25,  t.  25.  Neckera 
CaUfornica^  Hook.  &  Arn.  Bot.  Beechey,  1G2. 

II AU.  California,  on  trees  (Pickering ^  Jiiyelow,  Jiolander,  etc.);  not 
rare. 

2.  A.  abietina,  Sulliv.  Plants  in  wide  rigid  dark  green 
tufts ;  secondary  stems  solid,  elastic,  simple  at  base,  pinnately 
or  subbipinnately  branching  above,  frondiform,  circinate  when 
dry:  branch-leaves  five-ranked,  imbricate,  oi)en-erect,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  obtusely  acuminate,  carinate-concave,  f  Dillose  on 
the  back  and  serrulate  above,  recurved  on  the  borders  toward 
the  base;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex;  ]»erich{etial  leaves 
striate  at  base  or  excentrically  costate  to  the  mid<lle :  calypira 
longer  than  in  the  last  species:  capsule  oblong-ovate,  thin, 
costate  when  dry,  short-pedicellate ;  annulus  compound,  revolu- 
ble. — Icon,  Muse.  115,  t.  72''-  Neckera  abietina,  Hook.  Muse. 
Exot.  t.  7 ;  Schwacgr.  Suppl.  ii.  2.  154,  t.  140.  Pilotrichum 
abietinitm,  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  258.  Leptoclon  circinatus, 
Sulliv.  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  189,  t.  1,  male  plant. 

Hab.  On  trees,  Northwest  coast  {Menzies) ;  Vancouver  Island  (Lyall) ; 
California  {Bolander,  liigelow,  Watson). 

3.  A.  longipes,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Tufts  soft,  grayish  green ; 
secondary  stems  soft,  pinnately  and  bipinnately  branching 
from  near  the  base,  subcompressed :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate  or 
linguiform,  acute,  coarsely  serrate  above,  concave,  plane  on  the 
borders;  costa  abruptly  vanishing  above  the  middle,  denticulate 
on  the  back;  perichajtial  leaves  tubulose,  abruptly  nanowed 
and  denticulate  to  a  reflexed  subulate  apex:  calyptra  long, 
cylindrical ;  pedicel  four  times  as  long  as  the  perichietium :  teeth 
long,  narrowly  lanceolate ;  inner  segments  shorter,  separated  by 
1  or  2  appendiculate  cilia;  annulus  none.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Amer. 
Exsicc.  ed.  2,  n.  399;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  85,  t.  63. 

Hab.    On  rocks  in  deep  cafions,  California  {Bolander). 


Neckera.] 


BRYACE^E. 


281 


105.  NEOKERA,  Hcdw.  (PI.  5.) 
Plants  loni;,  widely  ci'spitosi'.  Stems  radit'iilosc  at  base, 
erect  or  ju'iulont ;  hraiichcs  distichous,  close  or  distant,  often 
flagelllforin.  Leaves  flat,  generally  undulate,  glossy,  pellucid ; 
nroolation  minute,  rhoniboidal,  oblong  in  the  ujtper  j>art, 
linear  in  the  middle,  quadrate  on  the  borders.  Capsule  naked 
or  slightly  hairy.  Peristome  double;  outer  teeth  long,  linear- 
lanceolate  and  subulate,  closely  articulate,  thin ;  inner  mem- 
brane divided  into  filiform  segments,  subcarinate  at  base ; 
cilia  and  annulus  none. 

*   Capsule  immersed. 

1.  N.  disticha,  Hedw.  Syntecious:  plants  pale  green, 
soft ;  stems  creej)ing,  with  long  decund)ent  flat  irregularly 
j)innate  divisions  :  stem-leaves  loosely  imbricate,  auriculate  and 
unsymmetrical  at  base,  broadly  Ungulate,  roun<led  at  the  apex 
and  iilightly  concave ;  borders  erect,  entire  or  slightly  crenulate; 
fosta  slender,  often  forking;  cells  of  the  areolation  round,  the 
basilar  narrow,  linear,  pale;  outer  pericha'tial  leaves  small, 
reflexed,  squarrulose,  the  upper  sheathing,  ovate,  abruptly  acu- 
minate: calyptra  smooth:  capsule  subemergent,  urceolate  or 
oblong-cylindrical,  ])ale  brown  and  glossy  when  old  ;  lid  conical- 
subulate,  oblique ;  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate,  subulate,  rugulose, 
pale ;  segments  as  long,  not  carinate.  —  ^lusc.  Frond,  iii.  58, 
t.  22 ;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  46.  Pilotrichum  dtstichuni^  Beauv.  Prodr. 
83.     iJidtonia  disticha^  Arnott,  Disp.  54. 

Had.     On  trees,  Indian  River,  Florida  (J.  Donncll  Smithy  Austin). 

2.  N.  undulata,  Hedw.  Syna?cious :  secondary  stems 
slender,  decumbent,  mostly  simple,  yellowish  green :  leaves 
distichous,  compressed,  divaricate,  clasping  the  stem  on  one 
side,  oblong.  Ungulate,  very  obtuse  or  truncate  at  the  apex,  not 
concave,  transversely  undulate,  serrulate  on  the  liorders ;  costa 
narrow,  ascending ;  cells  elongated  at  liase,  oblong  in  the 
middle,  rounded  at  the  apex ;  outer  periehajtial  leaves  ovate, 
abruptly  acuminate,  reflexed,  the  upper  narrowly  long  linear- 
subulate,  surpassing  the  orifice  of  the  capsule,  eeostate  or  nar- 
rowly short-costate,  subserrulate :  calyptra  small,  covering  the 
lid  only,  generally  split  on  one  side,  covered  with  few  hairs : 
capsule   sessile,   small,   cylindrical-oblong;    lid   conical,  short- 


i| 


ill 


F!  rf 


Hi- 


11' 


*      ! 


m 


I 


11  ■ 


I 

-'I 


'™ 


282 


BRYACE.fJ. 


[Ncckera, 


bcako*! ;  locth  nrnl  soinnonts  noduloso,  punctulatc,  frco  to  tlio 
hast'.  —  MiiHC.  Frond,  iii.  51,  t.  21.     J*ilotrichum  UHiliihttiun^ 
Dcauv. ;  Muoll.  Syn.  ii.  147. 
IlAii.     On  trees,  Florida  (1).  11.  Siititfi,  J.  Donndl  Smith,  Auatin). 

'i.  N.  Menziesii,  Drumm.  Dia»cious:  plants  lar«:;o  and 
loosely  ct'siiitosc,  yellowish  ^reen,  dark  yellow  when  old;  pri- 
mary stems  ereepin<j;,  slender,  nake<l ;  the  secondary  15  to  'JO  e.m. 
long,  flat,  pinnately  divided ;  branches  open,  flat,  short,  attenu- 
ated, often  flajj;elliform  at  the  apex,  sometimes  covered  with 
long  lateral  filiform  flajjjella):  stem-leaves  undulate  above  the 
middle,  not  auriculate  at  base,  oblong,  Ungulate,  obtuse  at 
the  slightly  a]>i(nilate  aj)ex  and  minutely  denticulate,  concave, 
revolute  at  base  on  one  side;  costa  slentler,  vanishing  above  the 
middle;  perichajtial  leaves  enlarged  in  the  middle,  tapering 
upward  into  a  long  denticulate  acumen :  fertile  flowers  on  the 
secondary  stems,  pedunculate,  exserted,  the  male  very  numerous 
along  the  jjrimary  stenis  or  at  the  base  of  the  branches :  capsule 
immersed,  oblong-oval,  pale  brown,  red  at  the  orifice ;  lid  conical, 
short-beaked,  acute  and  inclined ;  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate, 
listinctly  nodose-articulate,  with  a  pellucid  border;  segments 
solid,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  split  between  the  articulations ;  cilia 
none.  —  Muse.  Amer.  n.  1G2;  Lesq.  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  28,  de- 
scribing flowers  and  fruit     SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  83,  t.  62. 

Hab.  Rocky  Mountains  {Druininond),  sterile;  roots  of  trees,  California 
(Bolander),  fertile;  Oregon  (E.  Ilall)',  Fort  ColvlUe  {Lyall);  Spokan 
Palls,  etc.  ( II  af son). 

4.  N.  pennata,  Hedw.  Monoecious :  the  secondary  stems 
pinnately  branching  or  nearly  simple,  erect:  leaves  ovate  or 
oblong,  lanceolate,  short-acuminate,  slightly  unequal  at  base, 
entire  or  slightly  serrulate  from  the  middle  upward;  costa 
marked  at  base  with  a  short  bipartite  yellowish  line,  transversely 
3-5-wrinkled ;  areolation  linear,  very  small ;  inner  perichaetial 
leaves  half-sheathing,  long-lanceolate,  surpassing  the  capsule  by 
the  acuminate  a])ex,  entire ;  vaginule  hairy :  c.ilyptra  small, 
whitish,  covering  only  the  operculum,  which  is  conical-acute 
or  short-beaked,  inclined:  capsule  oval-oblong,  dirty  yellow, 
becoming  brown  by  age,  thin-walled ;  teeth  linear-subulate  from 
a  narrowly  lanceolate  base,  cohering  at  the  apex,  densely  articu- 
late, irregularly  divided,  pale  yellow ;  segments  rudimentary  — 
Muse.  Frond,  iii.  47,  t.  19;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  440. 

Hab.    Trunks  of  trees;  very  common  in  mountainous  districts. 


Neckera,] 


BUYACE/E. 


283 


T).  N.  oligocarpa,  Bmch  tfe  Schimji.  MorurciouH :  rosom- 
Miiii^  tlio  last ;  Htc>ins  hU'ikKt,  )>iiin:iti'ly  hraiicliiiiix,  tl>('  l>raiiclu>s 
attcmiatt'  to  tlie  apex:  K-avt'S  cotniuTMsi'tl,  tlu'  aiiti'iior  and  po.s- 
torior  distinctly  ciirvi'd  oI)li(|iU'Iy  outward,  Iinj;ulati',  abruptly 
ncuininati',  dooply  undulate,  si'rrato  at  tliu  apex  ;  cellH  nliort, 
minute:  male  flowers  very  numerous;  pericluetium  with  few 
leaves,  the  inner  narrow  an<l  sheathini^:  oalyptra  Iar<;e  :  eapsule 
small,  ferruixinous ;  lid  orange,  eonical-Jicute  or  Hhort-l»eake(l ; 
teeth  line;ir-lanceolate,  closely  articuhUe  ;  segments  ru<limentary. 
—  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  441.  A\  jjcnnatif,  var.  tenera^  Muell.  Syn. 
ii.  50! 

II AU.  Wliitc  Mountains,  Erroll  Dam,  in  Crawford  Notch  (James),  fer- 
tile; on  troes.  New  Mexico  (Fendler),  sterile. 

0.  N.  Douglasii,  Hook.  Diiecious:  loosely  cesj)it()se ;  soc- 
ond:iry  stems  10  to  lit)  e.m.  loni;,  yi'llowisli  j^reen,  coini.''esse<l, 
pinnately  divided;  branches  loni;,  simple,  tlexuous,  att  nuate  at 
the  apex :  stem-leaves  close,  oblonu^  or  Ijmceolate-acuminate, 
sharply  dentate,  sj)inulosc  or  serrulate  at  the  apex,  denticulate 
at  base,  entire  in  the  middle ;  costa  obsolete  or  none ;  jierichie- 
tial  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  denticidate  at  the  apex,  the 
inner  sheathing:  capsule  half-exserted,  narrowly  ovate;  teeth 
yellow,  densely  articulate ;  segments  as  long  and  similar,  split 
open  between  the  articulations.  —  IJot.  Misc.  i.  IIU,  t.  85; 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsiec.  ed.  2,  n.  JJ04. 

Had.  Northwestern  coast  (Menzies,  Douykia,  Scolder) ;  shaded  rocks, 
California  iliolander). 

7.  N.  COmplanata,  Ilucben.  Dioecious :  soft,  pale  green  ; 
secondary  stems  slender,  curving  down  or  pendent,  divided  into 
short  branchlets  narrowed  to  the  aj)ex  or  flagellate  from  the 
apex  and  from  the  sides:  leaves  compressed,  )>lanc,  smooth, 
oblong-lingulate,  abruptly  apiculato,  subserrulate  at  the  apex ; 
upper  areolation  rhomboidal,  the  basilar  linear;  pericluetium 
subsessile,  long-sheathing ;  vaginiile  hairy :  calyptra  naked  or 
with  a  few  hairs:  capsule  oval,  on  a  slender  pedicel  3  or  4 
times  as  long  as  the  perichaetium ;  lid  narrowly  oblique,  rostrate; 
teeth  long,  narrow ;  segments  filiform  from  an  enlarged  base, 
half  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Muse.  Germ.  576 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t. 
444.  Ilypnum  complanatum^  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1123.  Leskea 
complanata^  Hedw.  Spec.  Muse.  231. 

Had.  On  rocks;  New  Bnmswick,  New  England,  Alleghany  Moun« 
tains  in  Pennsylvania,  etc. 


284 


DUYACE/E. 


[Neckera, 


V 


♦  ♦   Ciipsnlc  exserted. 

8.  N.  puxnila,  IIcmIw.  Dia'ciims:  ttifts  soft,  «l.irk  jjrpon ; 
Hocondary  HtemH  piiiiiatcly  raimilost';  hraticlu's  Hhort  or  loiii^- 
flai?('llato :  loaves  ovato-ohlonijf,  aluMiptly  aciiiniiiato  or  apiculatc, 
mnliilate-8orrulato  at  the  apex,  iiiflcxcMl  on  oiio  sido  at  base, 
n'V()liito  on  the  other;  areohition  minute;  inner  jieriohietial 
K'aves  lonty-sheathiiiix:  calyptra  (leweending  to  below  the  orifieo 
of  the  narrowly  ovate  capsule:  pedicel  lon^t  r  than  the  jtcri- 
chsetiuin ;  operculum  conical,  ohlicpiely  short-beaked;  teeth 
linear-lanceolate,  densely  articulate;  seuftnents  abruptly  nar- 
rowed, filiform  from  a  broad  carinate  plicate  base,  shorter  than 
the  teeth.  — Muse.  Frond,  iii.  41),  t.  120;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  442. 

Hah.  Trunks  of  trees.  Credited  to  North  America  by  Hrueh  & 
Schiinper,  as  collected  by  iJrHuinwnd.  We  have  seen  no  American  speci- 
mens. 

#  *  #  Species  I'noicn  from  sterile  plants  only. 

9.  N.  (Pilotrichum?)  Ploridana,  Aust.  Primary  stem 
creepinif,  with  small  ovate-lanceolate  acuminate  ecostate  flat- 
bordered  leaves ;  secondary  stems  somewhat  compressed,  erect 
or  i)endent,  strict  or  curved,  simple  or  sparinj^ly  branch incf 
above,  obtuse :  leaves  erect,  open,  imbricate,  narrowly  oblong- 
lanceolate,  deeply  canaliculate  or  cymbiform,  gradually  acute, 
plicate-striate  above  the  middle,  obsoletely  papillose,  broadly 
revolute  on  the  borders,  entire  or  obsoletely  serrulate,  costate 
to  above  the  middle ;  cells  minute,  linear,  fusiform,  the  basilar 
broader,  qtiadrate,  granulose  at  the  angles.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz. 
iv.  152. 

Hab.    On  trees,  Caloosa.  Florida  (.7.  Donnell  Smith,  Austin). 

10.  N.  (Orthostichella)  LudovicieB,  Muell.  Plants 
slender,  sparingly  pinn.itely  divided  into  short  branches  in  the 
middle,  simple  and  turgid  at  the  apex :  stem-leaves  erect,  oj)en, 
rounded  at  base,  linear-cymbiform,  long-acuminate,  slightly  den- 
ticulate at  the  apex;  alar  cells  minute,  fawn-color;  borders 
erect;  costa  very  thin,  percurrent.  —  Regensb.  Flora  (1875), 
Iviii.  92. 

Hab.    Decayed  tnmks;  Louisiana,  near  Baton  Rouge  {Dr.  Joor,  18T4), 
sterile. 

11.  N.  cymbifolia,  Muell.,  1.  c.  Growth  and  aspect  of  the 
preceding :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  spirally  five-ranked,  oblonf 
lanceolate,  concave-cymbiforra,  gi'adually  acuminate,  plane  at 


HomaUa,] 


BRYACE.E. 


285 


the  apex ;  ct'lls  of  the  upper  nreolation  minute,  linear-obloni^ 
or  vermicular,  tlioNt'  of  the  haMal  an<;ieM  (|ua<lrate,  opa<|ue;  eoMtii 
vaiii  hihL,'  ht-low  the  apex ;  periehtelial  leaves  much  smaller, 
janei'olate,  narrowly  lonjjf-aeuminati',  not  costate :  Howers  «li(u- 
cioUH;  the  female  ()nly  are  known.  —  J'iiotrlr/ttitu  riftnfnfoUunt^ 
JSuIliv.  MosHi'sof  ir.  States,  Si,  and  Icon.  Muse.  12-',  t.  7(5,  W. 

\\\\\.     Oil  inu's,  in  a  liuinniock,  E.  Florida  ( ////i«r//,  1840);  EntorprlMO, 
FlurlUu  (J,  JJunntU  Smith,  Aimtht). 


*( 


106.  HOMALIA,  Hii<l.  (PI.  5.) 
Plants  rejK'atedly  distiehous,  stoloniferous.  Leaves  imbrU 
cate,  dlver^injjj  laterally,  tlattened,  cultriform,  smooth,  j^lossy, 
inimitely  areolate ;  the  upper  rhomboidal,  the  h)wer  ol)h)n«j;- 
hexacfon.'il.  Flowers  monteeious.  Calyptra  eucullate,  naked. 
Cai)Mide  lonij;-j»edieellate,  erect  or  cernuoun.  Operculum  ol)- 
licjuely  rostrate  from  a  liit^hly  convex  hase.  Peristome  double; 
teeth  lonuf,  densely  articulate,  confluent  at  base,  yellowish ; 
basilar  mend)rano  broad  ;  sej^ments  narrow,  sublinear,  as  long 
as  the  teeth,  carinate  and  perforated  along  the  keel ;  cilia  none 
or  solitary  and  very  short.  Annulus  distinct.  —  Omalia,  lirueh 
&  Schimp. 

1.  H.  trichomanoides,  Hruch  &  Schimp.  Loosely  tufted, 
pale  green  ;  stems  slender,  interruptedly  foliate  by  the  numcr' 
ous  innovations:  lenves  vertically  flattened  or  curved  <lown- 
ward,  oblong,  cultriform,  subfalcate,  obtusely  apiculate,  minutely 
serrulate  on  the  borders;  costa  slender,  vai.ishing  above  the 
middle:  capsule  erect  or  slightly  curve<l,  j)ale  brown.  —  I5ryol. 
Eur.  t.  446.  I/t/pmtm  trichomanoides^  Sehreb.  Spicil.  Fl.  Lips. 
'f<^.     Leskca  trichomanoides^  Iledw.  Spec.  JNIusc.  2iJL 

IlAn.     On  rocks  near  Lake  Superior  (Drummond). 

2.  H.  obtusata.  Mitt.  Differing  from  the  last  in  the  leaves 
more  obovate  and  more  rounded  at  the  apex,  the  costa  some- 
times imperceptible,  and  the  cells  in  the  apex  shorter.  —  Journ. 
Linn.  Soe.  viii.  38.  Neckera  obtusata,  Mitten,  1.  c.  iii.,  Suppl. 
118. 

Hab.    Mitten  refers  to  this  Thibetian  species  a  few  imperfect  speci- 
mens found  in  British  Columbia  by  Lyall. 

3.  H.  Jamesii,  Schimp.  Much  like  JI.  trichomanoides^ 
differing  in  its  smaller  size,  the  leaves  longer,  more  solid,  sub- 


,'  \i 

;.,  lil :. 

1; 

!iiS' 

M 

m 

M 

lim 

i 


V    i 


1 


i»'-i 


;i^'!ll  I 


i 

?  f 

ill 

286 


BRYACE^. 


[Homalia. 


falcate-lingulatc  and  striolate  lengthwise  when  dry,  and  the  beak 
of  the  opercuhiiP  and  the  peristome  shorter.  —  Syn.  473. 

Hab.  Catskill  and  Wliite  Mountains,  on  overhanging  rocks  {Jamea)\ 
Pennsyhania  (Ruu). 

4.  H.  gracilis,  James.  Plants  suft,  slender,  much  divided, 
divaricate;  branches  gradually  filiform  and  flagelliform,  tlexuous: 
lower  leaves  loosely  iml>ricate,  slightly  oblique,  open.  Ungulate, 
oblong,  obtuse  and  obtusely  apiculate,  those  of  the  upper 
branches  more  distant,  erect,  all  with  double  basilar  costa  or 
none,  and  entire ;  i)erigonial  leaves  few,  ovate-acuminate,  slightly 
margined  by  a  row  of  longer  cells :  antheridia  few  (2  to  4),  spar- 
ingly  parai)hysate  :  female  flowers  and  fruit  unknown. —  Kep. 
Keg.  New  York  Univer.  (I860),  xxii.  57;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse. 
Suppl.  82,  t.  25. 

Had.  On  rocks,  Sand  Lake,  New  York  (V.  Colvin);  Adirondack 
Mountains  (C  //.  Peck);  Catskill  Mountains  (James);  New  Jersey 
(Auatin)f  witli  male  plants. 

107.  METEORIUM,  Brid. 

Plants  long,  pendent  from  the  branches  of  trees ;  stems  foliate 

from  the  base,  distantly  pinnate ;  branches  filiform,  attenuated. 

Leaves  imbricate-cordate,  clasping ;  cells  of  the  areolation  long, 

narrow,  linear,  at  the  base  oval-quadrate  and  inflated.     Capsule 

generally  8hort-i)edicelled.    Peristome  as  in  Homalia. 

1.  M.  pendulum,  Sulliv.  Plants  yellowish  green ;  branches 
long  and  very  slender,  flexuous :  leaves  open-erect,  those  at  the 
base  of  the  branches  larger  and  flattened,  linear-lanceolate,  grad- 
ually narrowed  to  a  long  filiform  point,  opaque,  pa|)illose  on  the 
back,  serrulate  on  the  slightly  recurved  margin,  costate  to  the 
middle ;  alar  cells  larger,  angular-ovate,  the  upper  linear-fusiform ; 
perichaetial  leaves  small,  scarcely  covering  the  hairy  vaginule, 
loosely  areolate :  flowers  dicecious  (?),  the  male  unknown :  ca- 
lyptra  long-conical :  capsule  small,  oval,  on  a  pedicel  double  its 
length ;  lid  conical,  obliquely  short-beaked ;  peristome  «louble ; 
teeth  lanceolate,  distantly  articulate,  more  or  less  perforated  and 
split  along  the  dividing  line ;  segments  from  a  broad  basilar 
membrane,  slightly  shorter  than  the  teeth,  linear-lanceolate, 
carinate ;  cilia  none.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  81,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
117,  t.  73. 
Hab.    On  trees  and  bushes,  Western  Louisiana  ( Teintvrier,  Riddell). 


m 


Lmicodon.] 


BRYACE^. 


28 


2.  M.  nigrescens,  Mitt.  Branches  creeping;  branchlcts 
long,  flexuous,  j)innati'ly  brandling:  leaves  open-spreading, 
undulate  lengthwise,  cordate  at  base,  lanceolate,  narrowly  acu- 
minate, oostate  to  above  the  middle ;  borders  tlat,  more  or  less 
undulate,  minutely  creimlate ;  pericluetial  leaves  similar,  thin- 
ner: calyptra  8j)lit  on  one  side,  covered  with  a  few  hairs:  cajv. 
sule  short-pedicellate,  broadly  oval,  exserted  above  the  hairs  of 
the  vaginule;  operculum  subulate.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  441. 
JLjpmim.  nigrescens^  Swartz,  Prodr.  141.  Xeckera  tif(/resce/iSy 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.,  t.  244.     2'rachypus^  Mitt.  1.  c.  viii.  45. 

Hau.  Florida  (Garbcr,  J.  Donmll  St:uth,  Amtin,  liussell);  Lake 
Huron,  in  fruit  ( Todd);  Canada  West  {Emery).  The  distribution  of  this 
tropical  species  so  far  north  as  Canada  is  remarkable. 

Tribe  XVIII.    LEUCODONTE^E. 

Primary  stems  creeping,  the  secondary  erect  or  pendent, 
simple  or  branching,  irregularly  or  subpinnately  ramulose. 
Leaves  close,  open  or  secund,  ovate,  obovate  or  oblong-lanceo- 
late, subscarious,  solid,  generally  plicate  lengthwise,  glossy ; 
costa  simple  or  double,  rarely  none;  upper  areolation  rhom- 
boidal  or  linear,  the  lower  in  rows,  vermicular-linear,  puncti- 
form  at  the  basilar  angles.  Flcvvers  diojcious;  perichajtium 
long,  sheathing.  Calyptra  large,  dimidiate,  cucullate,  its  base 
sometimes  confluent  under  the  capsule.  Capsule  more  or  less 
long-pedicellate,  erect  or  oblique  by  the  curve  of  the  pedicel, 
symmetrical.    Peristome  simple  or  double,  more  or  less  perfect. 

108.  LEUOODON,  Schwaegr.  (PI.  4.) 
Secondary  stems  erect  or  arcuate,  simple,  generally  stolon- 
iferous,  densely  foliate.  Leaves  decurrent,  ecostatt,  sulcate 
lengthwise ;  cells  of  the  areolation  narrowly  linear-vermicular, 
the  middle  and  basilar  punctiform.  Calyptra  solid,  cucullate, 
often  attached  below  the  capsule  by  the  connate  base.  Capsule 
coriaceous,  oval-oblong,  microstome,  exserted  or  emersed  on  a 
short  straight  pedicel.  Operculum  conical  or  obliquely  shoi*t- 
rostrate.  Peristome  simple;  teeth  thin,  distantly  articulate, 
2-3-clef t  at  the  apex,  papillose,  whitish. 


f 


**  ; 


288 


BRYACE^. 


[Leucodoru 


1.  L.  SCiuroides,  Schwaegr.  Tufts  rigid,  dark  and  olive- 
green  :  leaves  densely  crowded,  imbricate  when  dry,  open  whea 
moistened,  ovate-lanceolate,  sharply  acuminate,  5-plicate  length- 
wise ;  perichajtial  leaves  pale,  not  plicate :  calyptra  yellowish 
brown  at  the  apex :  capsule  elliptical  or  ovate-oblong,  fuscous, 
exserted  on  a  thick  pedicel,  twisted  to  the  right  when  dry; 
operculum  conical,  uniform  in  color;  teeth  slender,  whitish, 
distantly  articulate,  entire  or  split  toward  the  base ;  annulus 
simple,  detached  by  fragments.  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  1,  t.  125,  figs,  aj 
and  y ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  468.  IIyp?mm  sciuroides,  Linn.  Spec. 
PI.  1130.     Neckera  sciuroides^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  107. 

IIab.    On  trees,  Owen  Sound,  Ontario,  Canada  (Mrs.  Roy), 

2.  L.  julaceus,  Sulliv.  Secondary  stems  short,  numerous, 
terete  :  leaves  crowded,  densely  imbricate  when  dry,  spreading 
horizontally  when  moist,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  an  ovate- 
elliptical  base,  recurved  on  the  boniers,  slightly  serrulate  at  the 
apex ;  inner  perichajtial  leaves  exserted,  oblong,  narrowed  into 
a  filiform  acumen  reaching  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  capsule, 
convolute :  calyptra  large,  plicate  at  base,  clasping  the  top  of 
the  pedicel:  capsule  oval,  turgid,  chestnut-color;  operculum 
conical,  obliquely  short-rostrate ;  teeth  of  the  peristome  broad, 
linear,  whitish,  punctulate,  bifid  at  the  apex ;  inner  membrane 
very  thin,  narrow ;  annulus  none.  —  Muse.  Allogh.  n.  87,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  110,  t.  69.  Pterigynandrum  jidaceum^  Hedw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iv.  51,  t.  20.  Neckera  pseudalopecura^  MuelL 
1.  c.  92. 

Hab.    On  trees,  Northeastern  slope  of  America;  very  common. 

3.  L.  brachypus,  Brid.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its  larger 
size,  the  leaves  inclined  to  one  side,  plicate-striate,  the  perichae- 
tial  loosely  appressed,  the  upper  surpassing  the  more  oblong 
capsule.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  210;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Ill,  t.  70. 
Neckera  brachypus^  Muell.  1.  c.  108. 

Hab.    Common  in  mountainous  districts;  more  rarely  fruiting. 

109.  PTERIGYNANDRUM,  Hedw. 
Stems  prostrate  or  appressed  ;  branches  and  branchlets  flagel- 
liform;  basilar  stolons  numerous,  with  small  leaves.  Leaves 
densely  crowded,  spreading  or  subsecund,  subscarious,  papillose 
on  the  back,  obovate  or  spatulate,  apiculate,  costate  to  the 
middle;   areolation  dense,  rhomboidal  above,  rectangular  in 


Pterogonium.] 


BRYACE^. 


289 


the- middle;  paraphyllia  small,  polymorphous.  Flowers  dio?- 
cious.  Calyptra  cueullate,  larg* ,  covering  the  capsule  to  below 
the  middle.  C.ipsuie  erect,  cylindrical-oblong.  Operculum 
rostrate.  Peristome  small  ;  teeth  short,  linear-lanceolate, 
strongly  and  distantly  articulate ;  segments  very  short,  imper- 
fect ;  cilia  none.     Annulus  very  narrow. 

1.  P.  flliforme,  Iledw.  Plants  widely  cespitose,  approssed, 
bright  or  yellowish  green ;  branches  and  branchlets  prostrate  all 
in  one  direction,  filiform  and  flagolliform :  leaves  concave, 
apj)ressed  and  imbricate  when  dry,  narrowly  reflexed  on  the 
borders,  serrate  at  the  apex ;  costa  simple,  ascending  to  the 
middle,  or  shorter  and  bipartite ;  cells  of  the  basilar  angles  few, 
not  chl()ro[>hyllose ;  perichaetial  leaves  pale,  thin,  the  inner 
oblong,  short-acuminate,  minutely  serrate  at  the  apex,  costato 
at  base.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  18,  t.  7 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  466 ;  SuUiv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  105.  Neckera  jiliformis^  Muell.  Syn. 
ii.  89. 

Var.  cristatum.  Leaves  cristate-serrate  at  the  apex ;  costa 
stronger,  ascending  higher.  —  Leptohymeniuni  cristatum^ 
Hampe,  Linna3a,  xxx.  459. 

Var.  minus.  Leaves  obscurely  papillose,  scarcely  dentate 
at  the  apex ;  costa  short,  basilar,  scarcely  distinct ;  segments  as 
long  as  the  teeth. 

Hab.  Roots  of  trees  or  shade  1  rocks;  Northern  States  and  Canada; 
var.  cristatum  in  California  ( liolander,  Bauer) ;  the  last  in  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  on  rocks  (Leaquereux). 

The  description  refers  to  the  very  common  European  form,  which  is, 
however,  rare  in  America,  but  is  replaced  by  a  number  of  varicUes  not 
distinct  enough  to  authorize  specific  separation. 

110.  PTEROGONIUM.  Swartz.  (PI.  6.) 
Primary  stems  very  slender,  with  few  distant  pale  leaves,  the 
secondary  robust,  in  dense  wide  divisions ;  branches  and  branch- 
lets  curved  to  one  side.  Leaves  crowded,  spreading  when 
moist,  imbricate  when  dry,  broadly  ovate  or  obovate-acuminate, 
serrulate,  scarious,  glossy ;  costa  flat,  bipartite,  vanishing  below 
the  middle ;  cells  of  nearly  the  whole  base  obliquely  oval,  those 
of  the  middle  and  top  linear-fusiform,  all  very  small  and 
smooth.    Flowers  dioecious.    Calyptra  cueullate,  with  a  few 


•Ml' 


u'J 


i 


>  ■ii': 


III  ^ 


r; 


'     i' 

ft  I  'i  ■ 


290 


BRYACE^. 


[Pterorjonlum. 


hairs.     Capsule  regular  or  slightly  curved.     Peristome  double ; 
teeth  long,  densely  articulate  ;  segments  scarcely  half  as  long. 

1.  P.  gracile,  Swartz.  Tufts  loose,  yellowish  green;  sec- 
ondary sterns  simple  at  base  :  capsule  cylindrieal-oblong,  chest- 
nut-color, with  a  narrow  orifice;  peristome  pale,  fragile; 
segments  short,  narrowly  linear;  annulus  com[>ound.  —  Muse. 
Suec.  20;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  407;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer. 
ed.  2,  n.  349.  Ilypnum  gracile^  Linn.  Mant.  ii.  310.  IHerigy- 
nandrum  r/rncile^  lledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  10,  t.  6.  Neckera 
gracilis^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  97. 

V.ar.  duplicato-serratu]?!,  Lesq.  Plants  more  slender, 
filiform:  leaves  duplicate-serrate.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  30. 
Ijeptohymeninm  ilnpll.cato-serratum^  Hamj)e.,  Linna»a,  xxx.  400. 

IlAB.  On  rocks,  California  (i^o^ander,  Bauer,  Wataon);  coinmon  and 
variable. 

From  the  numerous  specimens  examined  it  is  evident  tliat  tlie  moss  de- 
scribed by  Ilanipe  represents  a  mere  variety.  The  California  specimens, 
though  identical  in  their  essential  characters  with  the  European  form, 
differ  sometimes  in  the  more  marked  denticulations  of  the  leaves,  and  in 
the  annulus,  which  appears  a  little  longer  and  is  sometimes  comjiosed  of 
three  cells  instead  of  two.  These  unimportant  differences  are  merely  cas- 
ual, and  not  observable  upon  all  the  specimens. 

2.  P.  brachypterum,  Mitten.  Moncecious:  stems  pro- 
cumbent, irregularly  pinnately  divided  into  short  branches: 
leaves  closely  imbricated,  broadly  deltoid-ovate,  narrowly  acu- 
minate, concave ;  borders  flat  in  the  lower  part,  minutely 
serrulate  above ;  costa  vanishing  above  the  middle ;  cells  of  the 
basal  angles  small,  round,  the  others  oval,  longer  at  the  apex, 
all  distinctly  [)apillose ;  perichaeti.al  leaves  erect,  ovate-acuminate, 
very  entire,  nerved  to  above  the  middle :  capsule  cylindrical- 
oval,  erect,  equal ;  pedicel  long,  thickish,  yellow ;  operculum 
short-Cv/nical ;  teeth  short,  yellow,  attached  under  the  orifice, 
connate  at  base ;  cilia  none  :  male  flowers  gemmiform,  large.  — 
Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  37. 

Had.    British  America  {Drtimmond). 

The  author  remarks  that  this  plant  closely  corresponds  in  structure  and 
appearance  to  the  Abyssinian  P.  abbreviatum,  Schimp.,  and  is  quite  dis- 
tinct from  any  other  American  moss. 

111.  ANTITRIOHIA,  Brid.    (PI.  4.) 
Secondary  stems  of  various  lengths,  sometimes  very  long, 
procumbent  or  pendent,  simple  or  much  divided,  more  or  less 


Antitrichia.] 


BRYACE.E. 


291 


piiinately  ramulosc,  rarely  flagelliform.  Inflorcsooncc  and  areo- 
lation  as  in  the  preceding  genus.  Calyptra  sjjorter  than  tiie 
capsule,  smooth.  Peristome  double.  Teeth  narrowly  lanceo- 
late-subulate, thin,  pale,  smooth  on  both  sides;  segments  a  little 
shorter,  narrow,  subulate,  obscurely  carinate,  fugacious ;  basilar 
membrane  none. 

1.  A.  CUrtipendula,  Brid.  Leaves  densely  crowded,  open 
and  subsecund,  decurrent  at  base,  j)licate  in  the  lower  part, 
broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  denticulate  at  the  apex,  re- 
flexe<l  on  the  borders ;  costa  flat,  thin,  sometimes  enlarged  and 
divided  at  base,  vanishing  below  the  ajtex :  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion  very  small,  fusiform  in  the  middle,  transversely  oval  toward 
the  base  from  near  the  costa  to  the  borders  ;  pericluetium  long, 
pclyphyllous,  sheathing,  the  inner  leaves  long,  abruptly  nar- 
rowed into  a  long  acumen,  ecostate  :  caj)sule  oval,  on  a  curved 
or  flexuous  pedicel  slightly  longer  than  the  pericluetium  ;  oper- 
culum conic,al,  short-rostrate ;  annulus  simple,  very  narrow.  — 
Muse,  liecent.  Supjil.  iv.  130 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  40U.  Ili/pfium 
curti'pendulum,  Linn.  Spec.  1*1.  1128.  Neckera  curtipemlala^ 
Muell.  Syn.  ii.  116. 

Var.  gigantea,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  stronger :  leaves 
not  j>licate,  broadly  reflexed  on  the  borders  ;  cells  shorter,  more 
obtuse  ;  costa  broader,  more  divided  :  capsule  ovate-cylindrical,, 
on  a  thick  erect  pedicel.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2), 
n.  356. 

Hab.  Sunnnit  of  Black  Mountains,  North  Carolina  {Lesquereiix); 
Lake  Superior  {Af/assiz)',  Oregon  and  Vancouver  Island  (Ptckerhiff^ 
Wood);  the  variety  in  the  woods,  in  mountain  districts  of  California 
\,Bolander). 

2.  A.  Galifornica,  Sulliv.  Differs  from  the  last  in  the 
short  julaceous  branches,  the  leaves  appressed  when  dry,  short- 
acuminate,  scarcely  denticulate  toward  the  apex,  cells  oval,  cajv 
sule  cylindrical,  twice  as  long,  reddish,  on  a  straight  pedicel, 
teeth  longer  and  punctulate,  cilia  short,  not  half  so  long  as  the 
teeth,  and  the  spores  half  as  large.  —  Lesq.  Trans.  Amer.  Phil. 
Soc.  xiii.  11;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c.  n.  357;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse. 
Suppl.  79,  t.  59.  A.  CUrtipendula,  Sulliv.  Pacif.  It.  Rep. 
iv.  189. 

Hab.  On  trees  in  woods,  California  (Bolander,  Watson)\  Spokan 
Falls  ( Wat%on), 


;    it. 


% 


if 


:  \i  ■ 


]]'■'' 


•I 


Iff 


IS  ^* 


;  I 


I 


i  f^ 


292 


BRYACE^. 


[Hooker  ia. 


Tribe  XIX.    IIOOKERIE^. 

Plants  small,  soft,  sparingly  and  irregi'larly  branching. 
Leaves  either  narrow  and  spreading  or  broader,  ovate,  nearly 
round,  or  lingulate,  flat,  loosely  imbricate;  areolation  large; 
pericha3tium  of  few  leaves,  on  a  short  rooting  perichaatial 
branch.  Calyptra  conical  or  niitrate,  nearly  entire  at  base  or 
ciliate,  smooth  or  pai)illose  or  pilose.  Capsule  sub-erect  or  cer- 
nuous  or  horizontal,  on  a  long  papillose  rarely  scabrous  pedicel. 
Peristome  double,  large,  regular;  teeth  lanceolate,  subulate, 
densely  articulate  ;  segments  carinate. 

112.  HOOKERIA,  Tayl. 
Leaves  ovate  or  lingulate,  abruptly  or  gradually  acuminate, 
rarely  round  or  truncate,  bicostate,  generally  margined  and  ser- 
rate, opaque.  Flowers  mona?ciou8.  Calyptra  narrowed  at 
base,  scarcely  reaching  lower  than  the  operculun;.  Teeth  of 
the  peristome  linear-lanceolate,  subulate,  purplish ;  segments 
entire,  orange-color.     Annulus  8imj)le,  narrow. 

1.  H.  varians,  Sulliv.  Polygamous:  plants  densely  cespi- 
tose,  yellowish ;  steins  and  branches  flattened :  leaves  ovate, 
acuminate  and  lanceolate,  soft,  hyaline,  with  a  large  round  or 
oblong  areolation,  margined  by  a  single  row  of  elongated  cells, 
scarcely  serrulate,  bicostate  to  the  middle :  calyptra  glabrous  : 
capsule  oblong,  horizontal ;  lid  conical,  subulate ;  peristome 
normal.  —  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  v.  285. 

Had.    Enterprise,  Florida  (J.  Donnell  Smith,  C.  II.  Fitzgerald). 

2.  H.  cruceana,  Duby.  Plants  very  small,  yellowish 
green,  irregularly  divided  ;  branches  slender,  short,  complanate, 
rounded  at  the  apex  :  stem-leaves  loose,  secund,  crispate  when 
dry,  erect-open  when  moist,  broadly  ovate  or  lingulate,  often 
reflexed  at  the  mucronate  apex,  concave,  papillose  ;  upper  areo- 
lation with  serrate  papillae,  the  upper  cells  irregularly  globose- 
angular,  the  lower  larger  and  longer ;  costa  double,  enlarged 
and  diverging  at  base,  converging  nearly  to  the  apex  of  the 
leaves;  perichaetial  leaves  smaller,  similar:  calyptra  glabrous, 
conical,  at  first  covering  the  whole  capsule,  later  covering  it  to 
the  middle,  fimbriate,  caducous :  capsule  first  erect,  then  hori- 


!l  U'l 


Pteryyophi/llum.] 


BRYACEyE. 


293 


zontnl,  brown,  very  small,  obloiii;  or  ovate-cylindrical,  sliort- 
necked  ;  ojK'rculum  half  as  long  as  thu  capsule  ;  teeth  ineurve«l, 
broad,  lamellate,  cristate  on  the  borders,  dark  puridi' ;  Hctrnients 
longer,  narrow,  plane,  subhyaline. — Crypt.  Exot.  in  (Jenev. 
Soc.  Phys.  Moin.  xix.  302,  t.  4,  f.  2 ;  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 

xii.  340. 
Had.    Floriilii  {AuHtln,  J.  Donndl  Smith,  Fitzyerald)',  sterile. 

3.  H.  CO  Sullivantii,  Muell.  Ms.  stems  short,  prostrate, 
sparingly  branched :  leaves  ovatc-oblong,  acute,  hyaline,  entire, 
soft,  yellowish,  of  the  same  consistence,  color  and  size  as  those 
of  Pterif/op/ij/llum  Incens :  fruits  and  flowers  unknown.  — 11. 
acutifoUa^  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  GO. 

Ham.  Colli  mountain  springs;  Middle  Ohio  and  Alleghany  Mountains 
(SiilUvant)\  North  Carolina  (Li'sqH€reux)\  deep  callous,  California  (Do- 
lander);  very  rare  and  found  only  sterile. 

The  position  of  this  species  is  still  uncertain. 

IIooKEUlA  ANOMALA,  Muell.  ( /?/<acoy>/n7«m,  Schwaegr. ;  Pteryc/ophyl- 
liim,  Mitt.),  a  species  with  erect  tonientose  stems  and  sparse  leaves,  broadly 
obtuse  from  a  shortly  spatulate  base,  oblique,  unequal,  coarsely  and  dis- 
tantly serrate,  the  cells  thick,  laige,  round-hexagonal,  obtuse  near  the 
border,  and  separated  by  Intercellular  ducts,  Is,  according  to  Mitten  (Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  xii.  397),  a  Fuegian  species,  though  stated  by  Sch\va«>grichen, 
probably  through  mistake,  to  have  been  collected  originally  in  Northwest- 
ern America  by  Menzles. 

113.  PTERYGOPHYLLUM,  Brid.  (PI.  5,  as  Ilookeria.) 
Plants  pale  green,  glossy,  plano-ioliate ;  brani-hes  few,  rooting 
at  base  like  the  primary  stems  and  similar  to  them.  Leaves 
large,  densely  and  obliquely  imbricate,  smooth,  chlorophyllose, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse  or  acuminate,  ecostate,  entire ;  cells  of 
the  areolation  large,  round  in  the  upper  part,  hexagonal  at  base. 
Flowers  moncecious;  perichoBtium  small,  on  a  short  thick  root- 
ing perichaetial  branchlet,  serving  as  vaginule ;  perichajtial 
leaves  few,  lanceolate,  thin.  Calyptra  mitrate.  Peristome  that 
of  Ilookeria. 

1.  P.  lucens,  Brid.  Lower  leaves  rounded,  the  upper 
larger,  broadly  ovate-oblong,  fiat  and  obtuse:  capsule  small, 
oval,  chestnut-color,  turning  to  black ;  pedicel  long,  thick,  red- 
dish; lid  long-beaked  from  a  conical  base;  segments  slightly 
dehiscent  along    the  keel.  —  Muse.   Recent.   Suppl.   iv.   149 ; 


I 


'It' ' ■ 


tT.;,: 


294 


BRYACE^. 


[Fabronta. 


Bryol.  Eur.  t.  448.    Jlookeria  lucens,  Smith,  Engl.  Bot.  t.  1902, 
and  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ix.  275. 
II All.    Ducuycd  logs  iii  dark  shaded  ravines;  Oregon  {E.  Hall). 

TmuK  XX.    FABIIONIE^E. 

Plants  very  small,  creeping,  in  glossy  green  or  small  yellowish 
tufts ;  branches  erect.  Leaves  crow<letl,  8])rea(ling,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  dentate  or  ciliate,  rarely  entire,  soft ;  areolation 
loose,  rhomboidal,  chlorophyllose  ;  costa  short  or  none.  Calyi>- 
tra  cucuUate,  dimidiate.  Capsule  ovate,  erect,  symmetrical,  dis- 
tinctly necked,  short-pedicelled.  Operculum  somewhat  large, 
obtuse  or  rostrate.  Peristome  simple,  of  8  bigeminate  or  of  10 
solid  remotely  articulate  teeth ;  absent  in  one  species. 

114.  FABRONIA,  Raddi.    (PI.  4.) 
Leaves  very  thin  and  delicate ;  costa  none  or  simple,  obso- 
lete.   Flowers  mona'cious.     Capsule  thin. 

1.  F.  pusilla,  Iladili.  Cespitulose  ;  plants  yellowish  green  : 
leaves  close  and  subsecund,  or  more  distant  and  spreading, 
ovate-lanceolate,  prolonged  into  a  long  filiform  acumen,  lacin- 
iate-dentate  on  the  borders  to  below  the  middle,  the  laciniie 
sometimes  long,  with  a  few  teeth ;  costa  none  or  very  short : 
capsule  subsi>herical,  minute,  truncate  when  empty ;  lid  large, 
broadly  convex-conical ;  teeth  16,  approximate  in  pairs,  some- 
times bifid  at  the  apex  or  splitting  along  the  dividing  line,  yel- 
low. —  Att.  Accad.  Siena,  ix.  230  ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  337, 
t.  99  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  450. 

Var.  ciliata.  Cilia  of  the  leaves  longer.  —  1^.  Schimperiana, 
DeXot.  Briol.  Ital.  228  ;  Lindb.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xiii.  71. 

Had.  Baric  of  trees,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  (Fcndler);  Oakland,  Caii- 
fornia  {Bolander). 

2.  F.  gymnostoma,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Much  like  the  pre- 
ceding, differing  in  its  shorter  ciliate  leaves,  with  a  distinct 
costa  gr.adually  diminishing  to  near  the  middle,  and  especially 
in  the  absence  of  a  peristome,  the  orifice  of  the  capsule  being 
closed  by  a  horizontal  membrane.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc. 
n.  254 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  136,  t.  86. 

Hab.    Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  {Fendler). 


m 


Fabronia.] 


BRYACE.E. 


295 


8.  P.  OCtoblephariS,  Schwaoi^r.  More  robust,  tliouj^h  vory 
small:  loaves  green,  N|>rea<liii<^  in  all  tlireetions  or  'J-ranked, 
coarsely  dentate  on  the  borders,  eostate  to  below  the  middle : 
capsule  oval,  with  a  more  distinct  neck  and  a  lon<;er  pedicel ; 
jK'ristome  of  8  geminate  dark  brown  teeth,  recurved  when  dry, 
bifid  only  when  ol<l.  —  Suppl.  i.  '2,  338,  t.  l)i),  figs.  «,  b  ;  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  451. 

lUn.    Athens,  Illinois  {E.  Hall). 

4.  F.  Wrightii,  Sulliv.  Plants  very  small,  delicate,  loosely 
cespitose,  bright  green ;  stems  fragile,  stoloniferous :  leaves 
open,  long-lanceolate,  gi  ..dually  subulate-acuminate,  concave, 
costato  to  the  middle ;  borders  serrate  or  subciliate-dentate ; 
cells  narrow,  fusiform,  the  basilar  and  alar  (piiidrate ;  inner 
perichiutial  leaves  oblong,  short-acuminate,  ecostate  :  capsule 
j^yriform,  including  its  neck;  teeth  10,  approximate  in  pairs, 
long-deltoid,  orange-colored ;  operculum  conical,  blunt  at  the 
apex.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  01,  and  Icon.  Muse.  133,  t.  84; 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  I.  c,  n.  *251. 

IIah.     San  Marcos,  Texas  (  Wriyht). 

Ditfers  from  the  lust  in  its  conical  (not  manilllatc)  operculum,  its 
oran^^u-yellow  teeth,  and  the  less  numerous  quadrate  basal  cells. 

5.  P.  Ravenellii,  Sulliv.  Very  much  like  the  last,  differ- 
ing in  the  nearly  entire  or  obscurely  serrate  leaves,  the  brown 
teeth,  and  the  larger  spores.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  01,  t.  4, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  135,  t.  85 ;  Sulliv.  &  Les(p  1.  c.  n.  252.  1»^. 
Caroliniana,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c,  n.  253  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  02. 

Had.    Decayed  logs;  Santee  Canal,  South  Carolina  {Uatencl). 

0.  P.  Donnellii,  Aust.  Leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  some- 
times submarginate,  obscurely  serrate;  costa  obsolete;  meshes 
of  the  areolation  narrow^,  the  basilar  larger,  subquadrate,  in- 
flated :  capsule  oval,  slightly  curved ;  teeth  10,  large,  incurved 
and  nearly  horizontal  when  dry,  erect  when  moistened,  sub- 
l.anceolate,  the  dorsal  articulations  very  prominent.  —  Coult. 
Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  111. 

Hab.    On  the  branches  of  a  Live  Oak,  Florida  {J.  Donnell  Smith). 

Mode  of  growth  and  form  of  capsule  much  as  in  Ilypmim  microcarpnm, 
but  smaller  in  all  its  parts,  with  narrower  and  more  narrowly  reticulated 
leaves,  the  inflated  cells  at  the  basal  angles  more  numerous,  peristome 
different,  etc.  Remarkable  for  the  prominent  articulations  of  the  peri- 
stomal teeth.  —  (Austin.)  We  have  seen  no  specimens.  The  description 
agrees  with  the  characters  of  Hypnum  microcarpnm,  Muell.,  in  the 


':  r  ■ 

Vvi- 


3:1 


296 


BKYACEiE. 


[Anacamplodon. 


1'' 


articulate  teeth  of  the  pcristomn,  and  not  with  Fabronla.  Ah  the  up<>r- 
cuhun  is  unl(nuwn  tliu  true  poaitiuii  uf  tliu  moss  la  uncertain.  The  purl- 
stomu  Is  thut  of  Jltibrudon, 

115.  ANAOAMPTODON,  Hri.l.  (PI.  4.) 
PlantH  soft,  somewhat  more  rt)l>ust  than  in  Fubt'onitt^  widely 
cespit'.ilose,  dark  green.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  very  entire, 
plano-coneave,  ehloro|>hyllose ;  oosta  slender,  vanishing  above 
the  middle  ;  areolation  rhomboidal-oval.  Flowers  nioiueeious  ; 
perieluetium  of  few  leaves,  covering  the  slightly  hairy  vaginule. 
Calyi»tra  descending  to  below  the  lid,  whitish.  Cai)sule  oval- 
oblong,  with  a  thick  neck,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when 
dry,  solid.  Operculum  short-rostrate,  from  a  convex-conical 
base,  straight  or  oblique.  Peristome  double;  outer  teeth  10, 
lanceolate,  close  in  pairs,  distinctly  articulate,  marked  by  a 
straight  dividing  line,  pale,  reflexed  wlien  dry  ;  segments  16, 
filiform,  shorter  than  the  teeth.  Annulus  none.  Spores  small, 
yellowish  green. 

1.  A.  splachnoides,  Brid.  The  only  known  species. — 
Muse.  liecent.  Suppl.  iv.  136 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  45.3.  Xeckera 
splachnoides^  Schwaegr.  Sui>pl.  i.  2.  151,  t.  82.  Campi/lodon- 
tium  hypnoides^  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.,  t.  211.  Fabronia  spktc/i- 
noidesj  JMuell.  Syn.  ii.  38. 

IlAu.    Forks  and  hollow  knots  or  decaying  horizontal  surfaces  of  fallen 
trees;  rare. 

116.  HABRODON,  Schimp. 
Plants  small ;  habit  and  mode  of  growth  of  Fabronia. 
Leaves  squarrose  when  moist,  loosely  incumbent  when  dry, 
ovate-lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  entire;  pericluetial  loaves 
open-erect  or  spreading,  the  outer  ovate-lanceolate,  the  inner 
long-lanceolate,  hyaline,  erose-dentate  on  the  borders.  Flowers 
dioecious ;  vaginule  smooth,  on  a  short  rooting  branchlet.  Cap- 
sule oval-oblong,  thin.  Lid  conical,  obtuse.  Peristome  simple, 
attached  far  below  the  orifice  of  the  capsule;  teeth  linear- 
lanceolate,  spreading  from  the  middle  when  moist,  strongly  and 
distantly  articulate.    Annulus  compound,  narrow. 


Cla$mato(lon.] 


BRYACE.E. 


297 


1.  H.  Notarisii,  Selnm|).  Tuft8  brijjfht  ^recn ;  stems  cri'^'p- 
inj? ;  l)i':iii('lieH  short,  I'lTct-sprciulin^ :  k-avt-s  ccoHtatc  ;  cflls  <»f 
the  areolation  I'lliptical,  fusit'orin  in  the  narroucr  part  aii«l  in 
the  middle  of  the  leaves,  qua<lrate  and  transversely  rectanmilar 
nloni;  and  toward  the  hosiers :  capsule  lij^ht  hrown,  minutely 
suleate,  with  a  small  oriHee  and  no  collum  ;  pedieel  H  to  10 
m.m.  long,  twisted  to  the  left  when  <lry.  —  Syn.  ;')<>;'»,  and  IJry*)!. 
Eur.  Suppl.  J/ah'oduH^  2,  t.  i.  Pterotjoninm.  perpunillnmy 
DeXot.  Cliistnatodon  jtcrpnaiUus^  Lindb.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
xiii.  70. 
II Alt.    Tiunks  of  trees,  Centrul  Ohio  (iiuWimnt)\  sterile. 


117.  3LASMATODON,  Hook.  &  Wils.  (PI.  5.) 
Plants  minute ;  stems  very  slender,  filiform,  creeping,  intricate 
and  irregularly  branching.  Leaves  imbricate,  erect  or  spread- 
ing, concave,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  a  broadly  ovate  base ; 
borders  entire  or  mimitely  serrulate  at  the  apex,  recurved  to- 
ward the  base ;  costa  flat,  vanishing  in  the  middle  ;  areolation 
fusiform,  quadrate  near  the  borders  from  the  middle  to  the 
base ;  perichretial  leaves  long-lanceolate,  ecostatc,  loosely  areo- 
latc,  the  inner  half-sheathing.  Flowers  moncecious.  Calyptra 
dimidiate.  Capsule  very  small,  sljort-pedicelled,  oblong-oval, 
erect,  thin,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry.  Operculum 
conical,  obliquely  long-rostrate.  Peristome  simple,  of  16  yel- 
lov.'ish  very  irregular  teeth,  distantly  and  obsoirely  articulate, 
dentate  or  perforated  at  base,  granulate  and  geniculate.  Aimu- 
lus  large,  compound,  of  3  or  4  cells,  persistent,  covering  the 
basilar  membrane,  dark  colored. 

A  single  species  is  known  of  tliis  genus.    Lindberg,  however,  refers  to 
it  both  JIabrodon  and  Aninoilon  of  Scliimper. 

1.  O.  parvulus,  Sulliv.  Characters  of  the  genus,  as  above. 
—  Mosses  of  U.  States,  60,  and  Icon.  Muse.  126,  t.  79 ;  Sulliv. 
&  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  246 ;  Lindb.  Journ.  Linn. 
Soc.  xiii.  70.  Leskea  parvula^  Ilampe.  C.  pusilliis^  Hook.  & 
Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  80 ;  Wilson, 
Hook.  Journ.  Bot.  (1842)  iv.  421,'  t.  25,  A.  Anisodon  acuti- 
rostnSf  Schimp.  in  Bryol.  Eur.  Anisodon^  4. 


)  i 


1W 


wr^ 


298 


BRYACE.E. 


[Thelia. 


Ill 


Vnr.  rupestris,  SuIIlv.  ife  L('8(|.  More  (icnsuly  tufted, 
stouter;  hranchoM  juIiucouh:  leavoH  Hliortcr,  broader,  ubtuNo : 
oapHule  hroatler;  opere'iluiii  shorter.  —  Muhc.  KxMiec.  n.  U4t>'*' 

IIaii.  TniiikM  ami  bruncliuH  of  trues,  eiipc'ciully  alotiK  rivern;  the 
varit'ty  on  rocks  covcrod  by  liiunUutiuiiii,  uiul  on  tliu  iiiudUy  buse  of  truus, 
111  Ihu  ^^olllll«.•^ll  >Sttiti!H. 

Thu  variety  appenrs  to  rctiuniblo  cluscly,  if  indeed  it  is  not  identical 
witli,  AhIhuUoii  aculiroHtrlH  of  8clilnipcr,  of  wlilcli  wo  huvo  seen  no 
authentic  specimens.  —  (Sullicanl.) 

Tkiiik  XXI.     LESKEK/E. 

Primary  8teins  creepliijr ;  NteinH  or  primary  brandies  di- 
versely braiieliin«;,  ereet  or  decliiiiii*,^  or  j)roHtrato.  Leaves 
ecpially  spreadinjif  or  seeuiid,  soft,  oj»aque,  costate,  with  para- 
jihyllia  of  various  forms  often  interposed  ;  cells  of  the  areola- 
tion  densely  ehlorophyllose,  pa])illose,  minute,  hexaj^onal  or 
punctiform  in  the  upper  |)art,  looser  and  hexagonal-rectanjjfular 
below.  Flowers  upon  the  j)rinuiry  or  secondary  stems;  vagin- 
ule  perfect.  Calyptra  cucullate,  naked.  Capsule  symmetrical, 
erect  or  curved,  oblique  or  horizontal.  I*eristome  double  ;  the 
teeth  linear-lanceolate  or  subulate ;  inner  basilar  membrane 
more  or  less  deeply  cut  into  IG  carinate-plicate  segments  shorter 
than  the  teeth,  sometimes  separated  by  rudimentary  or  long 
perfect  cilia.     Spores  minute. 

118.  THELIA,  Sulliv.  (PI.  6.) 
Plants  growing  in  compact  glaucous  or  yellowish  green  mats, 
on  the  base  of  trees,  rarely  on  sandy  ground  ;  stems  villous  with 
p.  radicular  tomentum,  creeping,  throwing  up  densely  crowded 
short  terete  branches,  with  deeply  concave  closely  imbricated 
deltoid-ovate  slenderly  pointed  leaves,  composed  of  pellucid 
elliptical  and  conspicuously  unipapillate  cells.  Capsule  ovate- 
cylindrical,  erect.  Lid  conical,  obliquely  rostellate.  Peristome 
double ;  the  outer  of  16  linear-subulate  white  granulate  dis- 
tantly articulated  teeth,  the  inner  a  carinate  membrane  half  the 
length  of  the  teeth,  without  or  with  rudimentary  segments. 
Flowers  dicBcious ;  male  plants  as  yet  unknown. 


wj 


T/ulla.] 


nil  V  ACE. E. 


200 


1.  T.  hirtella,  Sulliv.      StemH   rlosfly  cri'i'piii^,   Homo  of 

tlu'in  cxtt'iKliiii;  lM*yuii<l  the  tufts;  hruiiclicH  t-ivrt,  tiTrtf,  ohtiiHo: 

IcavcH  coiicavi',  round-ovate,  abruptly  uixl  narrowly  acuminate, 

Nliuflitly  (leeurrent   at    haw*',   very   neabroUi^  on  the   haek   with 

8ini|)U'  ini'urved  papilht' ;  honlers  Npinuh>se-<lentate  ahove,  h>l)ate- 

eiliate  toward  the  base,  all  the  eilia  lonu;,  curved  up,  and  more 

or  loHN  dentate;  coNta  Hlender,  vanishin<^  in  the  middle;  peri- 

ehu'tial  leaves  numerous,  loosely  imhrieate,   the  inner  oblon;^- 

laneeolat  ,  narrowly  acuminate,  tind>riate  in  the  upper  part  hy 

lon<r  dentate   cilia:  calyptra  dimidiate:  capsule  thin;  pedicel 

1  cm.  Ionics  teeth  linear,  distantly  but  (listinctl^  articulate,  the 

inner  basilar  membrane  truncate,  one  third  the  leiii^th  of  the 

teeth  :  spores  pale  yellow.  —  Mosses  «)f  Lf.  States,  (10,  and  Icon, 

Muse.  I'iH,  t.  HO;  Sulliv.  &  Les(j.  Muse.  Hor.-Amer.  Kxsicc.  n. 

247.     Pterujiftuimhnm  /tirteilfUH^  lledw.  Spec.  Muse.  HI),  t.  17. 

J/i/jmum  hirtellnm^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  4t)H. 

IIah.  Base  uf  trues,  N'orthoru  and  Mlildlc  States;  not  rare  nnd  copi- 
ously fruiting. 

2.  T.  asprella,  Sulliv.  Differs  from  the  preceding  in  its 
glaueous-sjfreen  color,  the  leaves  bordered  nearly  all  around  by 
Ioniser  cilia,,  thj  papilhu  upon  the  back  bifurcate,  not  simple  and 
curved,  and  the  teeth  lonj^er,  with  nodose  articulations.  — 
Mosses  of  the  U.  States,  GO,  and  Icon.  Muse.  120,  *.  81.  Leakea 
asperelkij  Seliinip.  in  I5ryol.  Eur.  Leaked^  2. 

JIau.     Same  as  the  last,  and  sometimes  found  growing  with  it. 

3.  T.  robusta,  Duby.  With  mode  of  growth  :md  liabit  of 
T.  hirtelhi^  differing  in  the  unilateral  very  crowded  branchlets, 
the  leaves  strongly  bicostate  to  above  the  niid<1Ie,  ran^ly  simply 
costate,  the  cells  of  the  areolation  elliptical  in  the  mid<lle  of  the 
leaves,  ([uadrate  on  the  borders,  the  lower  longer,  and  all  with 
globose  papilhe,  and  in  the  segments  of  the  inner  peristome 
granulate  and  obtuse.  —  Regensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  284  (1875). 

Hah.    Florida  {Chapman,  in  Herb.  Delessert). 

4.  T.  Lescurii,  Sulliv.  Closely  resemhling  T.  asprella, 
distinguished  by  its  glaucous-green  or  whitish  color,  the  stems 
subfascieulate  .and  more  loosely  divi<led  in  longer  branches,  the 
leaves  with  a  shorter  acumen,  not  ciliate-fimbriate  on  the  lx)rders, 
the  papillvD  of  the  back  cut  star-like  into  three  or  fo"r  lobes,  the 
capsule  longer  and  narrower,  on  a  longer  pedicel,  the  teeth 
shorter  and  with  less  distinctly  nodose  articulations,  and  the 


Cj  } 


!'  E 


H 


800 


BRYACE^. 


[Myurella. 


inner  membrane  longer  and  more  or  less  distinctly  divided  into 
short  segments.  —  Mosses  oi  U.  States,  60,  and  Icon.  Muse.  130, 
t.  8*2  ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesij.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  249. 
llAU.    On  dry  sandy  ground,  rarely  on  trees;  Southern  States. 

119.  MYURELLA,  Bruch  &  Schimp.     (PI.  5.) 

Small  fine  mosses,  with  stems  irregularly  divided  into  erect 
julaceous  branches,  soft  when  dam]),  very  brittle  when  dry. 
Leaves  closely  imbricate,  ';jlaucou8-green,  round-ovate,  obtuse 
or  apiculate,  very  concave,  minutely  serrulate,  more  or  less 
distinctly  paj)illate  on  the  back;  costa  double,  very  short; 
areolation  small,  rhomboidal  above,  quadrate  or  rectangular  at 
base.  Flowers  dia'cious ;  perichaetium  long,  dirty  brown. 
Cal}^j)tra  very  small,  fugacious.  C'ij)sule  long-pedicellate,  sub- 
erect,  small,  inflated  at  the  neck,  oval-oblong.  Lid  large, 
conical,  blunt  or  obscurely  ajjiculate.  Peristome  comi)aratively 
large,  perfect ;  teeth  articulate,  transversely  striolate,  yellowish ; 
segments  entire,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  with  two  intermediate 
shorter  cilia.     Annulus  doable. 

1.  M.   julacea,    Bruch  &   Schimp.      In   dense    compact 

glaucous-green  tufts,  pale  yellow  within ;  stems  erect,  dichoto- 

mous  or   fasciculate-branching:     leaves    round-ovate,   obtuse, 

rarely  shortrapiculate,  minutely  serrate,  nearly  smooth :  capsule 

pale  brown,  with  orange  lid.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  560.     Ilt/pnum 

Juiaceian,  Villars,  PI.  Dauph.  iii.  909 ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2. 

216,  t.  89. 

Hab.  Fissures  of  rocks  on  high  mountains;  New  England  and  New 
York,  Oregon,  British  America,  etc. ;  rare. 

2.  M.  apiculata,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  less  compact 
and  wider,  soft,  glaucous-green  :  leaves  loosely  imbricate  or 
spreading,  smaller,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  recurved  point, 
opaque:  peristome  small,  whitish.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  560.  Jeo- 
thecium  apiculatum,  Hueb.  Muse.  Germ.  598.  JIt/ptium  jula- 
ceunij  var.,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  465. 

Had.    British  America  (Drummond);  Uinta  Mountains  (Watson). 

3.  M.  Oareyana,  Sulliv.  Tufts  less  compact,  glaucous- 
green,  dirty  white  oelow,  intermixed  with  long  rootlets ;  stems 
slender,  ascending,  stoloniferous  and  fasciculately  branching: 


Leakea.] 


BRYACE.E. 


801 


leaves  loosely  imbricate,  open-erect,  broadly  ovate,  narrowed  to 
a  lonjif  acumen,  S])inulose-dentate  all  around,  with  long  papilho 
on  the  back ;  costa  very  short  or  none ;  cells  of  the  areohition 
somewhat  large,  pellucid,  all  rhoniboidal,  elliptic,  sim])ly  j)aj)il- 
lose  on  the  outside;  perichjetial  leaves  sheathing,  lanceolate, 
long  filiform-acuTuinate,  coarsely  dentate :  capsule  subincurved, 
oblong-obovate ;  teeth  pale  yellow.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  Gl 
and  81,  t.  5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  131,  t.  83;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse. 
Bor.-Anier.  Ex  sice.  n.  250. 

IlAii.  Mountains  of  New  England  {Canj,  Frof<t) ;  Sew  York  {Austin); 
Pennsylvania  (LenquereHx);  crevices  of  wet  limestone  rocks,  North  Car- 
olina (Gray,  SulUcant).    Kecently  discovered  also  in  Central  Europe. 

120.  LESKEA,  Iledw.  (PI.  5.) 
Primary  stems  leafy,  irregularly  divided ;  branches  erect  or 
spreading.  Stem-  and  branch-leaves  similar,  ovate-lanceolate, 
open  or  spreading,  rarely  secund,  soft,  costate,  p.'Ji>illose  on 
both  sides.  Flowers  moncecious  and  diu?cious.  Capsule  oblong, 
subcylindrical,  straight  or  subarcuate,  tliin.  Teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome narrowly  lanceolate ;  segments  narrow,  linear ;  cilia  none. 

1.  L.  polycarpa,  Ehrh.  ]Mona»cious:  tufts  widely  intri- 
cate, dirty  green;  stems  long,  creej)ing,  soft;  branches  erect, 
varying  in  length :  leaves  open  or  subsecund,  ovate-lanceolate, 
concave;  borders  recurved  below;  costa  vanishing  below  the 
apex  :  capsule  oblong,  cylindrical,  slightly  arcuate,  constricted 
under  the  orange-colored  orifice  when  dry  ;  lid  narrowly  conical ; 
teeth  long,  linear-lanceolate,  yellowish ;  segments  narrowly 
linear-subulate,  entire,  hyaline,  as  long  as  the  teeth  ;  annulus 
narrow.  —  Crypt.  Exsicc.  n.  90  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  470. 

Var.  paludosa,  Wils.  More  robust ;  stems  and  branches 
longer ;  branches  erect :  leaves  larger,  spreading-open,  less 
crowded  :  capsule  longer,  cylindrical.  —  Z.  jxdudosa,  Iledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iv.  1,  t.  1. 

Hab.  Roots  and  trunks  of  trees  and  bushes,  in  wet  places  and  I  orders 
of  rivulets;  not  rare.    Oregon  { Flail). 

2.  L.  obscura,  Hedw.  Mona?cious:  pl.ants  small,  loosely 
and  widely  intricate,  cespitose,  dark  green ;  stems  prostrate, 
subpinnately  divided ;  branches  erect  and  compressed :  leaves 
open-erect,  loosely  incumbent,  ovate  at  base,  narrowed  above 


!l:!>. 


r-' 


802 


BRYACE^. 


[Leakea. 


to  a  blunt  apex,  concave,  recurved  on  the  borders,  strongly 
costate  nearly  to  the  apex ;  areolation  opaqile,  round :  inner 
j)erich8Btial  leaves  long-sheathing,  loosely  areolate,  costate : 
capsule  erect,  oblong  or  narrowly  elliptical,  slightly  arched,  thin, 
reddish  brown  when  old  ;  pedicel  1^  to  2  cm.  long;  lid  conical, 
blunt  at  the  apex ;  teeth  linear-lanceolate,  distantly  articulate  ; 
segments  shorter,  linear,  slender,  keeled,  and  cleft  between  the 
articulations.  —  Spec.  Muse.  223,  t.  57;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  123, 
t.  77.  X.  nervosa^  Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  69.  X.  inicrocai'pa^ 
Schimp. ;  Sulliv.  flosses  of  U.  States,  59. 

Had.  On  the  roots  and  lower  portions  of  the  trunks  of  trees  in  low 
ground,  and  reached  by  inundations;  common  and  variable. 

3.  L.  nervosa,  Myrin.  Diojcious :  plants  in  dense  dark 
green  or  brownish  mats;  stems  pinnately  divided  into  crowded 
ramulose  branches,  either  short  and  erect  or  long  and  creeping : 
leaves  close,  open  when  moist,  imbricate  when  dry,  often  tiu'ned 
to  one  side,  narrowly  lanceolate  or  acuminate  from  an  ovate 
base,  plano-concave  in  the  middle,  reflexed  on  the  borders  ;  costa 
solid,  percurrent ;  cells  of  the  areolation  small,  round-oval, 
transversely  quadrangular  at  the  basilar  borders ;  inner  peri- 
chaetial  leaves  long-sheathing,  long-acuminate:  capsule  oblong- 
cylindrical,  regular,  brown ;  operculum  narrowly  conical  or 
short-beaked;  peristome  short;  outer  teeth  linear-lanceolate, 
whitish;  segments  short,  subulate,  irregular;  annulus  narrow. 
—  Coroll.  Fl.  Ups.  52;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  472;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of 
U.  States,  105.  Pterogonium  nervosum^  Schwaegr.  Suppl. 
i.  102,  t.  28. 

Had.  Trunks  of  trees;  White  Mountains,  generally  sterile;  Crawford 
Notch,  fruiting  (Jamen) ;  rare. 

4.  L.  denticulata,  Sulliv.  Dioecious  :  plants  in  small  loose 
light  green  tufts ;  stems  short,  creeping,  irregularly  branching, 
radiculose :  leaves  close,  appressed,  open,  erect  or  subsecund, 
ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly  short-acuminate,  minutely  denticulate 
all  around,  concave,  ecostate,  pellucid  ;  areolation  narrowly  ol> 
long,  the  basilar  broader  and  shorter :  male  plants  unknown : 
capsule  oval-oblong,  suberect,  short-pedicelled ;  operculum  short- 
rostrate  from  a  broad  highly  convex  or  conical  base;  teeth 
linear-lanceolate,  distantly  articulate ;  segments  nearly  .as  long 
and  as  broad  as  the  teeth,  carinate,  cleft  between  the  articula- 
tions; cilia  none;  annulus  none. — Muse.  Allegh.  n.  62,  Mosses 


Leakea.] 


BRYACEiC. 


303 


of  U.  States,  59,  aivl  Icon.  Muse.  125,  t.  78 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 
Muse.  Bor.-Anier.  Kxsicc.  n.  245.    Jli/pnum  fabronicefoliutny 
Muell.  Syn.  ii.  271. 
Had.    Base  of  trees,  Middle  and  Southern  States;  rare  in  fruit. 

5.  L.  tristis,  Cesat.  Plants  widely  eespitose,  loosely  intri- 
cate, dirty  green  ;  stems  slender,  prostrate  or  j)endent,  branching 
and  irregularly  or  jjinnately  raraulose;  branchlets  erect  or 
curved,  filiform :  leaves  very  brittle,  squarrose  when  moistened, 
nanowly  Ungulate,  obtuse  or  short-apiculate  from  a  broad  sub- 
erect  clas[)ing  base,  creuulate  on  the  margins  by  large  protu- 
berant cells ;  surface  verruculose ;  costa  slender,  vanishing  at 
the  middle;  'v>per  areolation  irregularly  round-hexagonal, 
oblong-rectangular  in  the  middle  toward  the  base,  transversely 
hexagonal  near  the  borders:  fruit  unknown.  —  DeXot.  Syll.  G7. 
Jj.fragilia^  Hook.  <fc  Wils.  in  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.), 
n.  101 ;  Sulliv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  71.  Anomodon  (?)  tristis^ 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  58. 

Had.  Common  on  trees  in  wooded  swamps  and  along  rivulets,  particu- 
larly on  Hornbeam. 

6.  L.  Austin!,  Sulliv.  Monoecious :  jdants  of  medium  size, 
intricate-cesj>itose  ;  stems  irregularly  divided  into  very  unequal 
branches:  leaves  spreading  or  subsquarrose  when  moistened, 
ovate,  long  and  narrowly  acuminate,  entire,  costate  to  above  the 
middle,  papillose  on  both  faces;  cells  thick,  round-quadrate  near 
the  basal  border,  longer,  rhomboidal-eHi])tical  above ;  pericha'- 
tial  leaves  longer,  lanceolate-acuminate  :  caj)sule  erect,  cylindri- 
cal-oval, with  a  small  orifice;  teeth  comparatively  short,  broadly 
lanceolate,  attached  far  below  the  orifice,  jtapillose  on  both 
faces,  opaque ;  inner  membrane  yellowish  brown,  scarcely  passing 
above  the  orifice  of  the  capsule,  undivided ;  lid  short-conical ; 
annulus  none.  — Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  81,  t.  61. 

Had.  Stone  walls,  New  Jersey  (Austin);  trunks  of  trees,  Illinois 
(Wo\f). 

The  generic  position  of  this  species  is  still  uncertain,  related  as  it  is  in 
some  characters  to  Leakea,  in  others  to  Habrodon. 

7.  L.  pulvinata,  Wahl.  Synoecious :  plants  soft,  cespitu- 
lose,  irregularly  ramose  and  ramulose :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
slightly  unequilateral,  very  entire,  obsoletely  costate,  soft  and 
smooth ;  areolation  loose,  rhomboidal-quadrate  at  the  angles  and 
margins,  chlorophyllose ;  perichaetial  leaves  ecostate,  longer, 
half-sheathing,  with  a  narrower  areolation :   calyptra  whitish, 


Si 


1^; 


■p: 

:  \'-  ■ 

,1 

,■; 

u  . 

..  ..»„  -, 

: .': 

' 

i:  \ 

i 

i 

i 

1 
1 

'S"^   ' 

l^iil^; 

m 

304 


BRYACE^. 


[Leakea. 


dimidiate:  capsule  soft,  oblong,  regular  or  slightly  inclined, 
thin,  on  a  short  soft  pedicel;  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate,  thin, 
hyaline ;  segments  linear,  carinate-plicate,  orange,  shorter  than 
the  teeth,  solid  and  narrow;  membrane  broad.  —  Fl.  Lapp. 369; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  471.  JVeckera  puloinatcty  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  83. 
Jff/rinia  piilmnata,  Schimp.  Syn.  482. 

II Au.    Canada  and  British  Columbia,  on  trees  {Macotin);  very  rare. 

Schiniper  separates  this  species  from  Leskea  as  a  new  genus,  JUIi/rinia, 
on  account  of  tlie  loose  and  smooth  areolation  of  the  loaves. 

8.  L.  Wollei,  Aust.  Plants  very  small,  intricately  cespitose, 
irregularly  or  subpinnately  ramose  and  ramulose,  greenish 
brown  above,  reddish  below:  leaves  of  the  primary  stems 
broadly  deltoid-ovate,  abruptly  long-acuminate,  those  of  the 
branches  narrower  and  shorter  acuminate,  those  of  the  branch- 
lets  somewhat  rigid,  ovate,  acute  or  short-acuminate,  concave, 
imbricate,  slightly  rugulose  when  dry,  all  very  entire ;  costa 
broad,  sim[>le  and  longer,  or  unequally  bifid ;  cells  rhomboidal ; 
those  of  the  basilar  angles  and  of  the  borders  quadrate  up  to  the 
apex:  fruit  and  flowers  unknown.  —  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  22. 

Hab.     Niagara  Falls  (  WoUe);  Lake  Superior  {Macoun). 

A  very  uncertain  species,  on  which  the  author  remarks  that  it  is  of  about 
the  size  and  has  much  the  general  appearance  of  Ilypnum  adnatum ;  the 
leaves  much  as  in  that  species  in  position,  shape  and  areolation,  but 
more  concave,  and  the  areolation  shorter;  the  stem  leaves  shaped  some- 
what as  in  Ilyimiim  hispidulum,  but  more  concave,  with  a  more  abrupt 
longer  and  more  flexuous  point,  and  with  entire  margins.  In  a  small  frag- 
ment communicated  by  the  author,  the  leaves  are  found  to  be  nerveless 
or  the  costa  bifid  at  base,  as  in  Uypnum  adnatum.  It  appears  to  be  a 
variety  of  that  species. 


ill 


121.  ANOMODON,  Hook.  &  Tayl.  (PI.  5.) 
Primary  stem  creeping,  stoloniferous ;  fertile  branches  erect; 
branchlets  fasciculate  or  irregular.  Stem-leaves  distant,  minute, 
hard;  those  of  the  branches  more  crowded,  spreading  or 
secund;  areolation  minute,  very  chlorophyllose,  papillose  on 
both  faces  (except  in  A.  Toccocb).  Flowers  dicec?ous.  Calyptra 
long.  Capsule  erect,  oblong  or  cylindrical,  regular,  chestnut- 
colored,  coriaceous.  Teeth  pale,  linear-lanceolate ;  segments 
short,  linear,  more  or  less  irregular  from  a  narrow  membrane. 
Annulus  narrow  or  uone. 


n 


jjljj     \ 


Anomodon.] 


BRTACE.E. 


805 


1.  A.  rostratus,  Schimp.  Densely  cespitoso;  tufts  bright 
green  at  the  surfa*  ,  ochreou8  within ;  piiniary  stems  fascicu- 
lately  ramose,  brittle,  with  filiform  innovations :  leaves  densely 
imbricate,  ovate  at  base,  narrowly  lanceolate  and  long-apiculate, 
with  a  solid  eosta  vanishing  below  the  apex ;  pericluetiuui  long, 
whitish,  with  thin  ecostate  leaves,  the  inner  narrowed  into  a 
filiform  reflexed  point  as  long  Jis  the  leaves:  caj)sule  short-pedi- 
cellate, -val-oblong,  reddish-brown  ;  lid  long-beaked  ;  segments 
nearly  as  long  as  the  teeth,  carinate,  dirty  yellow,  with  cilia 
solitary  or  rudimentary  or  none.  —  Syn.  488.  Leskea  rostrata^ 
Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  22C,  t.  55  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  473 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  59. 

Hah.    Roots  of  trees,  in  woods;  not  rare. 

2.  A.  attenuatus,  Hueben.     Plants  in  loose  wide  tufts; 

secondary  stems  fasciculately  ramose,  incurved  at  the  apex, 

mixed  with  flagelliform  sometimes  very  long   stolons:   leaves 

subsecund,  narrowed  and  decurrent  at  the  ovate  base,  lanceolate 

above,  blunt  and  apiculate  at  the  apex,  very  densely  ])apillose 

on  both  faces ;  perichjetial  leaves  lanceolate-acuminate  from  an 

ovate  base :  capsule  long,  cylindrical,  straight  or  slightly  curved, 

reddish  brown,  shining;  pedicel  hmg,  twisted ;  teeth  narrowly 

lanceolate;   segments  filiform,  fragile  and  irregulrtr;   annulus 

narrow.  —  Muse.  Germ.  5G2 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  475.    I,eskea  attenu- 

ata^  Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  i.  33,  t.  12.     Iluvnmn  attenuatum^ 

Schreb. ;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  473. 

Had.  On  rocks,  roots  anil  trunks  of  trees  where  mud  is  deposited  by 
inundations;  very  conuuon  along  rivers. 

3.  A.  Obtusifolius,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Loosely  and  widely 
cespitose,  glaucous-green,  dirty  red  when  old ;  primary  stems 
creeping,  flagellate,  the  secondary  straight,  simple  or  divided  at 
base :  leaves  two-ranked,  lingulate-obtuse  from  an  oblong-ovate 
base,  thick,  opaque,  minutely  round-areolate ;  costa  pellucid, 
vanishing  below  the  apex ;  upj)er  perichaetial  leaves  long- 
sheathing,  longer  Ungulate  at  the  apex :  ca])sule  short,  ovate  or 
elliptical,  on  a  short  pedicel;  teeth  nodose-articulate,  linear- 
lanceolate  and  subulate ;  segments  very  short  from  a  very 
narrow  membrane,  often  abortive ;  annulus  large.  —  Loud. 
Journ.  Bot.  ii.  668  (1843) ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  119,  t.  74.  A. 
minory  Fuern. ;  Lindb.  Faun.  Fl.  Fenn.  ix.  267. 

Hab.  On  trunks  of  trees,  near  water-courses,  in  the  Middle  States; 
common. 


1 


'H* 


,  i; 


806 


BRYACE^. 


[Anomodon. 


!: 
11 


4.  A.  apiculatus,  Bmch  &  Sehimp.  Differs  from  the  last 
in  tlie  stems  more  divided  and  less  flattened,  the  leaves  more 
densely  areolate,  and  covered  with  longer  ]>a])illte,  am'ieulate 
and  fiml>riate-i>apillose  at  base,  and  the  borders  undulate,  the 
capsule  longer  and  without  annulus.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  Anomodon^ 
C ;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  58,  and  Icon.  Muse.  I'JO,  t.  75. 
Jli/pmini  Jiuffelii,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  473,  fide  Lindb. 

IIau.    On  decayed  logs,  in  mountain  diHtricts. 

5.  A.  viticulosus,  Hook.  &  Tayl.  Plants  large,  in  wide 
tufts,  dark  green  above,  ochreous  within ;  primary  stems  long, 
creeping,  the  secondary  erect,  simple,  or  geniculate  by  repeated 
innovations :  leaves  secund  and  subfalcate,  cri8|)ate  when  dry, 
ovate-lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  apex ;  areolation  very  dense  and 
minutely  papillose ;  jjerichajtial  leaves  long,  linear-acuminate 
from  an  ovate  base;  costa  strong:  capsule  long-cylindrical, 
straight  or  slightly  curved ;  pedicel  twisted ;  operculum  nar- 
rowly conical ;  teeth  narrowly  lanceolate,  sometimes  irregular ; 
segments  filiform,  fragile  and  irregular;  annulus  of  a  double 
row  of  small  cells.  —  Muse.  Brit.  ed.  2,  138,  t.  22;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  476.     Ilypnum  viticulosum,  Linn.  Spec.  PI.  1127. 

Had.  Slmded  rocks;  Niagara  Falls,  sterile;  Wisconsin  {Lapham); 
Owen  Sound,  Canada,  fertile  {Mrs.  Hoy). 

6.  A.  TOCCOSB,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Habit,  mode  of  growth 
and  color  as  in  A.  apiculatus :  primary  stems  prostrate,  naked 
or  beset  with  few  small  leaves  find  few  radicles,  the  secondary 
erect,  simple  or  irregularly  divided  into  short  branches,  densely 
foliate,  arched  when  dry:  leaves  open,  erect,  lanceolate-acute 
from  an  ovate-oblong  base,  coarsely  and  unequally  dentate 
toward  the  apex,  plicate  at  base  and  reflexed  on  the  margins; 
meshes  of  the  areolation  very  small,  not  papillose,  round- 
quadrate,  in  oblique  rows ;  costa  stout,  terete,  subpercurrent ; 
upper  perichaitial  leaves  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
long  filiform  scumen,  costate:  fruit  unknown.  —  Muse.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  240;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  58,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  121,  t.  76,  A. 

Hab.  On  rocks,  near  the  base  of  Toccoa  Falls,  Northern  Georgia 
(Lesquereitx). 

7.  A.  Californicus,  lesq.  Loosely  cespitose,  dirty  yellow 
above,  brown  below ;  secondary  stems  branching  by  innovations, 
or  continuous  and  simple,  slender,  angular  when  dry  by  the 
appressed  imbricated  four-ranked  leaves:    leaves  open  when 


Platygyrtum.] 


BRYACE/E. 


807 


moist  'lied,  half-clasping  and  deeuiTcnt  at  the  auriciilate  base, 
broadly  ovate,  acute,  replicate  on  the  inarj^in  to  above  the  mid- 
dle, reflexed  to  the  point,  carinate  by  the  stout  pale  8ub|)eirur- 
ront  costa;  alar  cells  oblong,  the  upper  ovate-cjuadrate,  ])apiIlose 
on  both  faces;  auricles  denticulate-spinosc :  fruit  unknown. — 
Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  30. 

II AU.     Monte  Diablo,  California  (liulunder). 

The  base  of  the  leaves  is  rouiiJed  into  a  large  ciliate  auricle,  as  in  A. 
apiculutUH,  ami  the  margins  above  are  also  minutely  dentioulate  by  the 
protrusion  of  the  papillate  cells,  but  this  is  the  only  point  of  attlnity  be- 
tween the  species,  the  leaves  being  broadly  ovate-acute,  carinate,  and  im- 
bricate all  around  when  dry. 

Tribe  XXII.     ORTIIOTIIECIEyE. 

Plants  generally  large,  widely  sjnvading  and  cesj^itosc,  crcej>- 
ing  and  raniulose;  branches  erect  or  complanate.  Leaves 
smooth,  sometimes  sulcate,  costate  or  ecostate  or  bicostate  at 
base ;  areolation  narrowly  rhomboidal  or  linear,  large  and  quad- 
rate at  the  basal  angles.     Caj>sule  erect  or  subincliiied. 

122.  PLATYGYRIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  (PI.  5.) 
Plants  intricate,  cespitose,  pinnately  ramulose.  Leaves 
densely  crowded,  spreading  when  uioistened,  imbricate  when 
dry,  subscarious,  glossy,  ecostate;  areolation  narrowly  rhom- 
boidal above,  sublinear  in  the  middle,  larger  and  (juadrate  at 
the  angles.  Flowers  dioecious.  Calyi)tra  dimidiate,  long, 
twisted.  Capsule  oblong,  cylindrical  and  regular.  Operculum 
long  and  narrowly  conical,  blunt  at  the  apex,  smooth.  Teeth 
of  the  peristome  free  to  below  the  orifice  of  the  cai)sule,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  hyaline  on  the  borders ;  segments  free  to  the 
base,  narrow,  linear,  as  long  as  the  teeth ;  cilia  none.  Annulus 
very  large,  compound,  persistent. 

1.  P.  repens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  bright  yellowish 
green :  leaves  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  concave, 
recurved  on  the  borders,  very  entire;  perichnetial  leaves  loosely 
imbricate,  longer :  capsule  dirty  yellow,  brown  when  old  ;  teeth 
orange,  hyaline  on  the  borders ;  segments  of  the  same  color.  — 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  458.  Pterigynandrum  repens,  Brid.  Muse.  Recent. 
Suppl.  i.  13L     Pterogonium,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  100,  t.  27. 


808 


BRYACE^. 


[Pylalila. 


^1 

£     ■ 


II AB.    Decayed  trunks,  in  woods;  common. 

Much  like  l*i/lama  polyantha,  ditTtirin.<,'  in  its  bright  yellowish  green 
color,  the  luuvus  hrumier  and  shorter,  imbricate  when  dry,  and  the 
regular  capsule  more  solid. 

123.  PYLAISIA,  Bruoh  &  Scliimp.  (PI.  4.) 
Stems  crc'(.'i»ini;,  pinnutely  rainulosu;  l)ranelilets  shurt,  erect. 
Leaves  close,  spreiuliiiij  or  subsecuiul  ami  falcate,  ecostate,  con- 
cave, entire  or  slightly  serrulate,  glossy.  Flowers  moiitt'clous. 
Capsule  ovate-oblong  or  subcyHntlrical,  slightly  curved  when 
tlry.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  linear-lanceolate,  more  or  less 
densely  articulate,  solid,  hyaline  on  the  borders ;  segments 
attached  to  a  short  membrane,  longer  than  the  teeth,  linear- 
subulate,  cleft  aloi>4  the  keel  or  bij)artite ;  cilia  rudimentary  or 
nt)ne.     Annulus  narrow.  —  Pylaiea^  Lindb. 

1.  P.  polyantha,  IJruch  &  Schimp.  Leaves  erect,  spread- 
ing, ovate-lanceolate,  long-acuminate :  ca]>sule  chestnut-color  ; 
cilia  very  short.  —  IJryol.  ¥.\\y.  t.  455.  Ilypnuni  polt/ant/i08y 
Schreb.  Spicil.  Fl.  Lijjs.  97  ;  3Iuell.  Syn.  ii.  337.  Lesk-ea  poh/- 
antha^  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  4,  t.  2.  Stereodon  poli/anthiis^ 
Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  40. 

II AH.  On  trees;  White  Mountains  (Jamen)',  Santa  Fe  {FewUer)\  Sas- 
katchewan and  Rocky  Mountains  (Ilonrrjeait).    Rare. 

'2.  P.  heteromalla,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Much  like  the  pre- 
ceding, differing  in  its  pale  yellowish  color,  the  leaves  broadly 
ovate,  acinninate,  subscarious,  erect  on  the  borders,  the  cells  of 
the  areolation  very  j)ale,  narrow,  subconfluent,  those  of  the 
basilar  angles  few,  very  small  and  slightly  granulose,  the  inner 
perichajtial  leaves  enlarged  at  base,  the  capsule  oval  and  brondc", 
and  the  operculum  shorter.  —  Lond.  Journ.  Bot.  ii.  GOO  (1S43). 
Jlt/pnum  polyanthnm,  var.  palUdifoliuni^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  3  >7. 

Hah.  Trunks  of  trees  and  stones,  in  various  situations;  Rocky  Moun- 
tains (Driimmond,  n.  222). 

3.  P.  subdenticulata.  Schimp.  Plants  glossy-green, 
small,  in  closely  entangled  mats ;  branchlets  crowded,  short  and 
slender :  leaves  not  crowded,  ovate-lanceolate,  more  or  less  long- 
acuminate,  concave,  slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex;  alar  cells 
numerous,  subgranulose ;  perichaetial  leaves  sheathing,  loosely 
areolate,  narrowly  acuminate:   capsule  oblong-cylindrical  and 


Ilomalothecium.] 


BRYACE^. 


809 


Bymractrical ;  li«l  rostrate  from  a  conical  l)a8c;  tcctli  tlistantly 
articulate;  sejrmt'uts  yellow,  cleft  aiul  liitid,  attached  to  a  broad 
membrane;  cilia  none:  spores  bright  yellow.  —  IJryoI.  Eur. 
Pi/laisipa^  3 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  137,  t.  87.  P.  ilcuticnlaUt^ 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  02. 

Var.  obscura.  Plants  dirty  green  ;  tufts  strong,  compact : 
leaves  closely  imbricate,  shorter;  the  pericluetial  short-acumi- 
nate, entire:  lid  short,  whitish.  —  J*.  Junieniiy  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 
31  use.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  ed.  li,  n.  3M3. 

II AH.  On  the  bark  of  trees,  Central  Ohio  (Sullivnut);  New  Jersey 
(Austin)]  the  variety  on  the  ground  and  routs  of  trees,  near  Chelsea,  Mas- 
sachusetts {Janu'H). 

Sullivant  remarks,  1.  c,  that  the  species  is  very  near  slender  forms 
of  P.  j>oli/(iiiih<t,  distinguished  by  the  larger  shorter-pointed  leaves,  the 
cells  broader  and  shorter,  those  of  the  angles  uioro  numerous,  and  the 
beak  of  the  lid  longer. 

4.  P.  intricata,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Size  and  mode  of 
growth  as  in  P.  aubilenticulata ;  branches  short,  recurved : 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  slightly  denticulate  at  the 
apex,  the  upper  Bccund;  angular  cells  quadrate,  numerous: 
caf)sule  oblong-ovate,  turgid,  narrower  at  the  orifice  ;  ojierculum 
conical,  short-rostellate ;  segments  granulated,  adhering  to  and 
bordering  the  lower  half  of  the  teeth,  split  above  an<l  free,  as  in 
species  of  Bartramia :  spores  large.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  P\jlai»(pa^ 
3 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  02,  and  Icon.  Muse.  139,  t.  88. 
Pterigynandmm  intricatum^  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  85,  t.  18. 

Has.    Trees  and  old  logs;  common  in  woods. 

5.  P.  velutina,  Bruch  «fc  Schimp.  1.  c.  Differs  from  the 
last,  with  which  it  has  often  been  confounded,  in  the  somewhat 
narrower  leaves  with  few  quadrate  alar  cells,  the  capsule  cylin- 
drical with  a  broad  orifice  and  longer  operculum,  the  teeth  more 
densely  articulate,  narrowly  bordered  their  whole  length  by  the 
adhering  segments,  and  the  spores  dark  yellowish  green,  larger 
and  granulated.  —  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  03,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  140,  t.  89. 

Hab.    Bark  of  trees;  often  growing  with  the  last. 


;:  i 


124.  HOMALOTHEOIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.    (PI.  5.) 
Plants   varying    in    size,  prostrate,   closely   and    pinnately 
branched.    Leaves  glossy,  costatc,  ^errulate ;  areolation  oblong' 


810 


BRYACE^. 


[Uomalothecium. 


rhomboid.'il.  Ciilyptra  cuciilliform,  hniry.  Operculum  conical, 
HuhroHtolliitc.  CapHule  cylirulrical-ovato  or  oblonjf,  regular, 
erect,  or  sotnewhat  arcuate.  Teeth  of  the  periMtome  linear- 
laiieeolate,  closely  articulate;  HegmentM  adhering  to  the  teeth 
and  bordering  them. 

1.  H.  SUbcapillatum,  Sulliv.  Monojcious:  leaves  open- 
erect,  8ul)ind»ricate,  elliptical  or  obovate,  abruptly  narrowed  to 
a  slender  recurved  acumen  ;  costa  short,  Mimple  or  forking,  van- 
iHliing  below  the  mid<lle;  alar  cells  numerous,  quadrate ;  inner 
pericluetial  U-aves  sheathing,  long-a"uminate,  dentate  at  the 
apex:  pedict-l  rough  :  capsule  slightly  incurved ,  teeth  confluent 
at  base,  dark  red,  with  a  broad  pellucid  central  stripe  marked 
by  a  delicate  medial  line;  segments  lining  the  teeth.  —  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  03,  t.  5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  141,  t.  90.  IHerigynan- 
drum  8ubc(ipill(itumy  Iledw.  Spec.  3Iu8C.  83,  t.  10. 

IIau,    Bark  of  trees  In  woods,  with  the  last  two  species  of  Pylaiala. 

2.  H.  pseudosericeum.  Dia'cious:  loosely  cespitose, 
irregularly  branching,  glossy  ;  branchlets  short  and  short-cuspi- 
date, slightly  curved,  turgid :  stem-leaves  loose,  spreading, 
slightly  decurrent,  rounded  at  base,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
long  acute  or  cuspidate  often  half-twisted  acumen,  in-egularly 
and  indistinctly  sulcate,  deeply  concave,  revolute  on  the  borders 
from  the  base  to  the  middle,  obscurely  denticulate ;  costa  nar- 
row, vanishing  in  the  point ;  cells  pale,  inflated,  narrowly 
linear;  outer  perichajtial  leaves  small,  lingulate.  obtuse,  the 
inner  broad  and  sheathing  at  base,  gradually  narrowed  into  a 
long  narrow  denticulate  point,  nerveless:  cipsule  tuberculose 
above,  suberect  or  slightly  inclined,  abruptly  arcuate,  cylindri- 
cal, constricted  at  the  orifice ;  pedicel  short,  reddish,  often  very 
flexuous;  lid  conical,  obliquely  rostellate;  teeth  robust,  ferru- 
ginous ;  inner  membrane  thin,  yellow ;  cilia  one  or  two.  — 
ILjpmim  pseudosericeum^  Muell.  Regensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  89 
(i'hTo)  ;  Watson,  Bot.  Calif,  ii.  412. 

Had.    Oakland  and  Portland,  Oregon  (It.  D.  Nevius). 

125.  OYLINDROTHEOIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp.    (PI.  6.) 
Plants  large,  widely  cespitose ;  stems  generally  compressed, 
subpinnately  ramulose.     Leaves  crowded,  more  or  less  com- 
pressed, imbricate,  costate,  glossy,  entire,  with  a  linear  very 


Ci/Unilrothcclmn.] 


nUVACE.K. 


811 


iiJirrow  nrt'olation  quadrate  nt  the  hnsal  nn^Ios.  Calyptra 
cueullate  ami  iliiniiliatc>.  Capsule  loim-pedicellale,  erect,  eylin- 
(li'ieal.  Opeivulum  conieal  or  oblnniely  Hhort-ro.strate.  IVr'i- 
Ntoino  small ;  teeth  free  to  below  the  orifice  of  the  capsiile, 
linear,  «listantly  articulate;  setjtnentH  narrow,  cnriiiate,  attached 
to  a  narrow  membrane  or  entirely  free;  cilia  none.  Spores 
jyfreenish  brown,  minute. 

1.  0.  cladorrhizans,  Schimp.  Plants  in  wide  yellowihh 
(jreen  tufts:  leaves  closely  imbricate,  oblong-ovate,  acute,  very 
slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex,  concave,  in<listinctly  bicostate  at 
base:  lid  Ion*;,  conical,  blunt  at  the  apex;  teeth  entire,  dark 
brown  at  base,  more  or  less  lacunose  above;  sei^nu'nts  linear, 
l»ale,  entire ;  annulus  laruje,  easily  detached.  —  Syn.  514  ;  Sulliv. 
jM«>sses  of  V.  States,  04,  t.  T),  and  Icon.  Muse.  14H,  t.  Dl. 
Neekerd  c/adorr/iizans^  Iledw.  Spec.  Muse.  'J07,  t.  47.  C 
ASchteic/ieri,  IJruch  &  Schimj).  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  4G4. 

IlAn.  In  woods  oil  decayed  logs,  roots  of  trees  and  the  ground ;  very 
common. 

2.  0.  seductrix,  Sulliv.  Very  near  the  precodini:^,  distin- 
guished by  the  darker  color  of  the  stems,  the  smaller  terete  ami 
more  slender  branchlets,  the  leaves  sulcate,  morv  concave  and 
shorter-apiculate,  the  capsiiles  more  numerous  and  narrower, 
the  deeper  insertion  of  the  shorter  loosely  articulate  teeth,  and 
the  less  perfect  i)ersistent  annulus.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  C4, 
and  Icon.  Muse.  145,  t.  02.  Neckera  sednctrLr,  Ilcdw.  Spec. 
Muse.  208,  t.  47.  Pterigynandrwn  Carolf/ihnHnn,  lirid.  Muse. 
Recent.  Suppl.  i.  132.  C.  Mnhlenberffif,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  Ciflindrotlieciumy  4. 

Hah.  On  logs  in  moist  shaded  places;  fruiting  more  copiously  than 
the  last  species ;  conmion. 

3.  0.  brevisetum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Facies  and  mode 
of  growth  of  C.  cladorrhizans  ;  branches,  branchlets  and  leaves 
less  compressed :  leaves  erect,  open,  concave,  lanceolate,  gradu- 
ally narrowly  acuminate,  with  borders  recurved  in  the  lower 
part;  areolation  looser:  capsule  enlarged  toward  the  base  or 
oval-cylindrical ;  operculum  conical,  obtuse ;  pedicel  short,  pale 
yellow ;  teeth  hyaline-margined  by  the  adhering  segments ; 
annulus  very  large :  spores  large.  —  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
65,  and  Icon.  Muse.  150,  t.  96.     Neckera  breviaeta^  Hook.  & 


n 


812 


DUYACKiE. 


[Vylindrolhecium, 


ill 


WUh.  in  Di'uinin.  Miihc.  Aiiier.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  05;  Wilit.  in 
Ilooic.  Jouni.  Hot.  (l«42)   iv.  41}>,  t.  L»4,  A. 

Hah.     Itiirk  of  proHtmtt'  trt'on;  North wofltcm  fllo|>c. 

Not  as  roiniiion  hh  ('.  rlmlnrrhizdUH,  from  wlik-li  it  \n  distinguished  at 
first  siglit  hy  tliu  sliortur  yt!||o\v  iMiiiccI  ot  llit;  CHimiilo. 

4.  0.  Floridanum,  Duby.  StoniH  prostrate,  <lirty  j^roi-n; 
brmiclK's  chmt',  irregular,  witli  nliort  i-rt'ct  lnancliU'ts:  loaves 
«u)»|K>lliici(],  iiiihi'icato,  ocostato,  narrowly  lanceolate,  acute  or 
acuminate,  minutely  Hernilate  at  the  apex;  perieluetial  leaves 
lonjr-lanceolate,  very  entire:  petlicels  cluHtere<l  (8  or  4),  erect, 
strict,  l>ri<;ht  i)uri>le,  Hlijjfhtly  enlarj^eil  under  the  capsule:  ca|>- 
Bule  hrown,  horixontal  »»r  suherect,  ovate ;  ojjcrculum  rostrate, 
acute  from  a  conical  hase,  a  little  in  'urved ;  peristome  and 
nreolation  as  in  C.  scduvtrix,  —  Itegensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  284 
(1875). 

II AU.     Florida  (Clutpman). 

Tlic  autlior  conipiires  it  to  C.  ttprhictrlx.  This  may  he  '•Iglit  for  some  of 
the  cliaractcrH,  htit  tliu  horizontal  ovate  clustered  capsules  and  tlie  nar- 
rowly laiiceulate-ucuminato  leaves  are  characters  not  accordant  with  those 
of  the  gonus. 

5.  0.  COmpressum,  Ilruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Plants  in  flat 
intricate  mats;  branches  and  branchlets  much  compressed: 
leaves  shorter  and  broader  than  in  C.  dmlorrhizans^  more  con- 
cave an<l  more  obtuse  at  the  entire  apex :  capsule  shorter-ovate 
or  elliptical,  with  a  narrow  orifice,  shorter-pedicellate ;  lid 
longer,  with  a  slender  curved  beak ;  teeth  long,  closely  articu- 
late; annulus  large,  easily  detached.  —  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  G4,  and  Icon.  Muse.  147,  t.  93.  Leskea  compressa, 
Iledw.  Spec.  jMusc.  232,  t.  56.  Entodon  compreaaua^  Muell. ; 
Lindb.  Manip.  Muse.  i.  68. 

Had.  Roots  of  trees,  near  water  courses;  Pennsylvania  to  Missouri, 
Ohio  and  Southern  States;  rare. 

6.  0.  Drummondii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Size  and 
aspect  of  C.  cfudorrhfzanSy  but  easily  recognized  by  its  more 
flattened  branches  and  branchlets,  of  a  delicate  yellow  color,  the 
leaves  longer,  distinctly  denticulate,  serrulate  toward  the  apex, 
the  areolation  looser,  the  basilar  cells  oblong,  nearly  equal  and 
filling  the  whole  base,  the  capsule  shorter,  inflated  at  the  neck, 
abruptly  narrowed  to  a  pale  yellow  pedicel,  the  teeth  obliquely 
striolatc,  and  the  annulus  wanting. —  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
64,  and  Icon.  Muse.  148,  t.  94.    Neckera  cladorrhizansy  Hook. 


CUinaclum, ) 


HUYACE.E. 


818 


&  WilH.  in  \  rumin.  Muho.  Amor.  (Col.  II.),  n.  00.     C  Jiti«/tli- 
anutu,  Schiinp.  in  IJrvoI.  Kiir.  1.  c. 
IIaii.    StoiH'H  iukI  (loL'»y«>tl  lo^s  in  woods;  Soiitlicm  Stiito.^. 

7.  0.  SulIivantii,SuHiv.  I'l.nitMnxircxU'iKUT,  thinner  mxl 
n.'irrr>W('r  tlinn  in  tlic  lust  HpocicH;  hranchcH  timl  bnini'lik'ts  Iosh 
coinpi'cssi'il,  Ioniser,  Honiotinu's  round  and  tilit'orin  at  the  apex : 
U'avi'M  closi',  narrowly  ovatt'-lanccolatc,  ohtuscly  acute,  serrulate 
at  tlu>  a)>ex  :  capsule  Nlender,  :;ul)cylindrica],  (.u  a  reddish  pe<li- 
eel;  operculum  lon«^  and  narn)H'ly  rostrate;  teeth  closely  artic- 
ulate, vertically  lineate;  annulus  lari^e.  —  Mosses  of  IF.  States, 
04,  and  Icon.  Muse.  141),  t.  95.  Ncckeni  Hullicantly  Mufll. 
Syn.  il.  or).     V.  (/ntcilesccnSy  Schimp.  1.  c. 

ILvn.  SImily  woods,  on  stones  nonr  llio  siu'face  of  tho  proinid,  or  on 
dump  rocks;  Wostcrn  Sorth  VaroWim  {Gi-ai/,  SulUcant);  along  the  French 
Broad  Klvor,  Toiuicssce  {Lenquereiu)]  rare. 

8.  0.  COncinnum,  Schimp.  In  wide  yellowish  <;reen  tuft«; 
stems  erect,  rei^ularly  pinnate-raniulose:  leaves  spreadini;,  im- 
bricate when  «lry,  broadly  ovato  or  ovate-ohloni;,  muticous, 
concnve,  reflexed  toward  the  base,  incurved  above:  calyptra 
descendlnuj  to  below  the  base  of  the  capsule,  dimi«liate  nearly 
its  wliole  lenjjfth :  capsule  erect,  short-necked,  cylindrical ;  lid 
conical,  obtuse ;  teetli  linear,  perforated  between  the  articula- 
tions ;  sej^ments  cleft,  pale ;  annulus  very  narrow.  —  Syn.  515. 
Jli/pnum  concinnutn^  DeNot.  Mant.  n.  18.  C  Jlontaf/nei, 
Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  405. 

Hab.    Colorado. 

126.  OLIMAOIUM,  Web.  &  Mohr.  (PI.  5.) 
Plants  large,  tree-like,  arising  from  a  subterranean  r.idiculose 
stem ;  primary  branches  erect,  simple  below,  fasciculately 
branching  above.  Leaves  of  the  primary  branches  s<iuamiform ; 
tliose  of  the  divisions  crowded,  erect-spreading,  imbricate  when 
dry,  decurrent,  thinly  costato.  Flowers  ditecious  or  abnormally 
monoecious;  perlchteti.al  leaves  long-sheathing.  Fruit  clustered. 
Calyptra  dimidiate,  long,  embracing  the  base  of  the  pedicel. 
Capsule  long-pedicellate,  erect,  cylindrical-oblong.  Operculum 
rostrate.  Teeth  confluent  above  the  orifice  of  the  capsule, 
linear-lanceolate,  closely  articulate ;  segments  arising  from  a 
very  narrow  membrane,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  cleft  between 


II 


■.m^ 


ffllfF^ 


314 


BRYACEiE. 


[CUmaclum. 


Ji  , 'a 


,:.!' 


i'f 


the  articulations,  bipartite  when  old.     Annulus  none.     Spores 
very  small. 

1.  0.  dendroides,  Web.  &  Molir.  Leaves  ovate-oblong, 
lanceolate,  concave,  bisulcate,  serrate  at  the  apex,  slightly 
Recurrent  ami  hollowed  at  the  basal  angles,  costate  to  below  the 
ai)ex,  bright  green  and  glossy ;  perichwtial  leaves  thinner,  more 
loosely  areolate,  entire,  the  inner  sheathing:  capsules  numerous, 
ovate-oblong,  chestnut-color;  lid  rostrate-acuminate,  remaining 
attached  to  the  coliunella;  teeth  united  into  a  cone  when  damp, 
incurved  between  the  segments  when  dry :  8j)ores  olive  green. — 
iter.  Suec.  96;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  437.  Jlt/puwn  dendroides^  Linn. 
Sp.  Pi.  112S.  Leskea  dendroides^  lledw.  Spec.  Muse.  228. 
Neckera  dendroides,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  122. 

IlAn.  Wet  prairies,  borders  of  ditches,  etc.;  very  common  in  Europe, 
rare  In  America.  British  America  {Drnmmond);  Fort  Colville  (Lyall); 
White  Mountains  (Oufees);  Canada  {Macoun);  Sand  Lake,  New  York 
(C.  //.  Peck). 

2.  0.  Americanum,  Brid.  Closely  allied  to  the  last: 
leaves  long-decurrent  and  more  broadly  auriculate  at  base, 
coarsely  serrate  above,  round-areolate  at  the  broad  auricles; 
perichajtial  leaves  erect,  longer  acimiinate :  caj)sule  longer, 
cylindrical,  erect  or  slightly  curved ;  operculum  longer  and 
abrui)tly  rostrate ;  teeth  longer  and  abrui)tly  long-subulate  from 
a  lanceolate  base,  dark  orange. — Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  ii.  45; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  66,  and  Icon.  Muse.  151,  t.  97. 
Nechera  dendroides^  var.  Americana.,  Muell.  1.  c. 

Has.    Shady  woods  In  damp  places  ;  decayed  logs,  roots  of  trees,  etc. 

3.  0.  Ruthenicum,  Lindb.  Mode  of  growth  of  Cli- 
maciiim;  branches  pinnate  or  bipinnate;  branchlets  filiform, 
slender :  leaves  of  the  primary  stems  squamiform,  clasj)ing  the 
stem,  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  apiculate,  very  entire,  strongly 
costate  or  ecostate ;  branch-leaves  lanceolate  from  an  enlarged 
base,  serrate  from  below  the  middle  ;  costa  thick,  dark,  dentate 
at  the  apex;  perichaitial  leaves  broadly  ovate  at  base,  long- 
cuspidate,  with  borders  undulate  or  erose  .above :  capsule  cernu- 
ous  and  horizontal,  oblong-cylindrical,  arcuate,  inflated  at  the 
neck ;  pedicel  comparatively  short,  reddish ;  operculum  broad, 
long-conical,  acute ;  teeth  broadly  lanceolate,  hyaline-margined ; 
segments  broad,  as  long  as  the  teeth,  cleft  between  the  articula- 
tions. —  Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  x.  248 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  77, 


Orthothecium.] 


BRYACE.E. 


315 


t.  58.    JTt/pnum  Jiuthenicum,  Weinm.  Bull.  Soc.  Mosc.  xvili. 
2.  485. 
Had.    Sitka  (liischoff). 

127.  ORTHOTHECIUM,  Bmch  &  Sehimp. 
Plants  either  small,  j)rostrate  and  tuversely  branching  and 
ramulose,  or  large  and  fastigiately  ramose  with  few  branches 
and  branchlets.  Leaves  8-ranked,  close,  subsecund  or  erect- 
sj.reading,  more  or  less  densely  imbricate  when  dry,  long- 
hhiceolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  very  entire,  ecostate;  peri- 
cha»tium  loosely  vaginate.  Flowers  di<ccious.  Calyptra  very 
small,  fugacious.  Capsule  long-j)edicellate,  suberect,  oval  or 
oblong,  straight  or  slightly  incurved.  Operculum  short-rostrate 
from  a  convex  base.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  narrowly  lanceo- 
late, subulate,  yellowish,  hyaline,  distantly  articulate  ;  segments 
linear,  narrow,  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  teeth ;  intermediate 
cilia  short  or  none.     Annulus  large. 

1.  O.  rufescens,  Bruch  &  Sehimp.  Plants  tall,  in  soft 
irregular  reddish  yellow  tufts;  stems  with  <lichotomous  branches 
and  few  branchlets :  leaves  erect-open  and  subsecund,  lanceolate, 
long  and  narrowly  acuminate,  sulcate :  cai)sule  yellowish  brown  ; 
membrane  and  intermediate  cilia  short.  —  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  409. 
Hypnmii  rufescens^  Dicks.  Crypt.  Fasc.  iii.  9,  t.  8.  Leskea 
rufescens^  Schwaegr.  Su])j)l.  i.  2.  178,  t.  80.  iStercodon  rufes- 
cens^ Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  40. 

Had.    Wet  rocks,  Davis  Strait  (T({ylor). 

Although  No.  221  of  Drunimond  is  reported  to  he  this  species,  we  can- 
not find  in  four  sets  of  his  collection  a  specimen  agreeing  with  Schiinper's 
description  of  the  European  form.     All  appear  referable  to  O.  chryseum. 

2.  O.  rubellum.  Branches  erect,  with  fcAV branchlets:  leaves 
ovate,  concave,  with  a  flexuous  apex,  rcvolute  on  the  borders, 
very  shortly  bicostate;  cells  long,  the  nlar  indistinct;  pericha3tial 
lenves  ovate-lanceolate. —  Stereodon  rubellus^  Mitten,  1.  c. 

Hab.  Davis  Straits  { Taylor).  Also  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  (Dnon- 
mond),  according  to  Mitten,  mixed  with  Cntoscopium  niriritiim  (n.  53). 

A  small  moss,  with  the  habit,  appearance,  and  color  of  O.  intricatifm, 
Bruch  &  Sehimp.,  but  differing  in  its  almost  exactly  ovate  leaves,  with  a 
sliort  sometimes  discolored  apicnlus,  the  margins  revolute,  and  the  areo- 
lation  composed  of  cells  which  are  twice  as  wide.  —  {Mitten.) 


816 


BIIYACE^E. 


[Orthotheelum. 


tS.  O.  Chryseum,  Bmch  &  Schimp.  Tufts  golden  glossy 
yellow ;  stems  erect,  simple  or  2-3-parte(l :  leaves  strict,  Isincoo- 
late  and  ovate-lanceolate,  apiculate,  concave,  deeply  plicate : 
capsule  subcernuous,  ovate-oblong;  lid  convex,  apiculate;  inner 
membrane  very  large,  ascending  to  the  middle  of  the  teeth ; 
Hcgments  carinate,  entire ;  cilia  irregular  and  nodose.  ,-Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  401.  ILjpnum  chryseon^  Schwaegr. ;  Mueil.  Syn.  ii. 
385.  //.  ry/escetis,  Drumni.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  221.  tStereodon 
chri/seus,  Mitten,  1.  c.  39. 

Had.  Muist  rocks  among  the  Rocky  Mountains  of  British  America 
(Drumriondf  Bourgeau),  and  Arctic  America. 


Tribe  XXIII.    IIYPNE^. 

Plants  very  variable  in  size,  appearance,  ramification,  etc., 
densely  or  loosely  ce8i)itose.  Leaves  either  turned  in  all  direc- 
tions, open  or  squarrose,  or  complanate,  or  secund,  or  fulcate- 
secund,  of  multij>le  fonns,  round  to  narrowly  lanceolate,  costate 
or  ecostate,  subscarious,  generally  soft  and  glossy;  areolation 
parenchymatous,  the  meshes  narrowly  rhomboidal,  linear  or 
vermicular,  quadrate  and  often  enlarged  at  the  basal  .ingles. 
Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  very  rarely  bisexual.  Capsule 
solid,  long-pedicellate,  cernuous  or  horizontal,  more  or  less 
incurved,  not  pendent,  and  very  rarely  erect  and  regular. 
Peristome  double,  perfect,  the  outer  of  16  strong  densely 
articulate  lanceolate-acuminate  teeth,  the  inner  a  broad  mem- 
brane divided  to  the  middle  or  about  into  16  carinate  yellow 
segments,  which  are  more  distantly  articulate,  entire,  or  cleft 
along  the  keel  between  the  articulations  or  even  their  whole 
length,  and  generally  separated  by  1  to  3  articulate  or  appen- 
diculate  cilia. 

128.  HYPNUM,  Dill. 

A  single  polymorphous  genus,  divided  into  numerous  sections, 
or  subgenera,  most  of  which  have  been  considered  by  some 
authors  as  genera. 


m 


Ilypnum.] 


BRYACE^. 


817 


Key  to  the  Subgenera. 

A.  Plants  piiraately  divided. 

«  Leaves  papillose;  paraphyllia  more  or  less  numerous. 

1.  Pseudoleskea.     Uranehes  lung  and  slender,  Irregularly  plnnately 

ranuiiuse.  Leaves  open-erect;  areulatiun  cunipact,  punctiform. 
Capsule  subcernuous ;  cilia  slender  or  none. 

2.  Heterocladium.     IStems    divaricate    and    pinnately  ramulose. 

Leaves  spreading  or  recurved,  those  of  the  pericluutiuni  sijuar- 
rose;  cells  punctulate,  the  medial  elongated-oval.  Capsule  hori- 
zontally curved. 

3.  Thuidium.    Stem  regularly  pinnately  ramose  and  ramulose.    Stem- 

leaves  smaller;  costa  translucent.  Capsule  cernuous"  operculum 
conic-rostrate. 

*  •  Leaves  papillose;  paraphyllia  none. 

4.  Claopodium.     stems  in  conipact  tufts,  irregularly  pinnate-ramu- 

lose.  Leaves  open-erect,  denticulate;  cells  small,  oval-fusiform. 
Capsule  turgid,  abruptly  bent  down  at  the  base  of  the  collum. 

»  #  *  Leaves  smooth ;  paraphyllia  present. 

5.  Elodium.    Branches  long,   pinnately  ramulose.     Leaves  striate; 

areolation  loose,  rhomboidal,  uniform.     Capsule  large,  cernuous. 

*  ♦  ♦  «  Leaves  smooth,  bicostate;  paraphyllia  none. 

6.  Tripterocladium.    Stems  compressed  and  branches  attenuated, 

irregularly  pinnate.  Leaves  erect-spreading;  cells  elliptical,  the 
alar  quadrate.  Capsule  cylindrical,  cernuous;  cilia  solitary, 
slender. 

B.  Plants  variously  divided.     Leaves  smooth,  simply  costate  (or  bicostate 

in  n.  12  and  13). 

«  Capsule  large;  lid  conical,  acuminate. 

7.  Camptothecium.     Stem  densely  subpinnately  ramulose.     Leaves 

plicate;  areolation  very  narrow,  linear,  very  small,  square  or 
punctiform  at  the  base  and  angles. 

8.  Brach3rtheciuin.     Plants  large,  prostrate,  Irregularly  divided,  the 

branches  erect.  Leaves  costate  to  the  middle  or  above ;  areolation 
loose,  elongated-rhomboidal,  enlarged  at  the  base  and  angles. 

9.  Scleropodium.     Plants  densely  cespitose,  irregularly  branching. 

Leaves  serrulate;  areolation  short  and  narrow,  vermicular,  en- 
larged and  pellucid  at  tlie  decurrent  angles. 

10.  Isothecium.     Primary  branches  dendroid;    branchlets  stolonif- 

eroiis  or  tlagellate.  Leaves  smooth  or  slightly  papillose  on  the 
back;  areolation  very  narrow,  linear,  punctiform  at  tlie  angles. 
Capsule  oblong,  suberect  or  cernuous ;  cilia  short. 

»  #  Capsule  horizontally  inclined;  lid  rostrate. 

11.  Ejurhynohium.     Plants    pinnately    ramulose.     Leaves    cordate, 

decurrent,  serrate;  areolation  rhomboidal-oval.  Capsule  turgid- 
oval. 

12.  Baphidostegriuxn.      Plants   small;    stems   prostrate   and   com- 

f»ressed.     Leaves  ecostate  or  shortly  bicostate;  areolation  minute, 
inear,  flexuous,  the  basilar  cells  very  few  and  inflated.    Capsule 
suberect  or  cernuous. 


fi-. 


818 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilypnum, 


13.  Rhynchostegrium.      Stems  more  or  less  compressed.      Leaves 

nearly  entire,  simply  oostate,  rarely  shortly  bicostate;  areolatlon 
rhoinbuidal,  sumewhat  loose,  enlarged  at  base. 

14.  Thamnium.     I'lants  large,  dendroid;    stem  woody.     Stem-leaves 

scarious;   branch-leaves  strongly  dt^ntatc;   cells  minute,  round- 
oval,  the  basilar  longer.    Capsules  clustered. 

C.  Plants  variously  divided.    Capsules  cernuous,  rarely  suberect;  oper- 
culum conic  or  rostrate. 


*  Leaves  thin,  glossy,  open,  erect  or  spreading. 


15. 


10 


Plaffiothecium.  Branches  few,  mostly  simple,  complanate. 
Leaves  sliglitly  unsymmetrical  at  base;  costa  none,  or  double 
and  very  short;  areolation  rhomboidal-elongated,  little  enlarged 
at  base.     Capsule  suberect;  operculum  conic  or  rostrate. 

Amblystegrium.  Stem  creeping  and  widely  spreading.  Leaves 
mostly  entire,  opaque  or  glossy;  costa  simple,  rarely  none;  areo- 
lation distinct,  riiomboidal.  Capsule  cylindrical-oblong;  lid 
conical. 

17.  Campylinm.    Stem  irregularly  divided  with  pinnate  or  fastigiate 

branchns.  I^eaves  spreading,  subsquarrose ;  costa  short  or  none; 
areolation  minute,  tlexuous. 

»  *  Leaves  falcate-secund,  of  solid  membranous  texture. 

18.  Harpidium.    Stems  pinnately  ramulose.    Leaves  simply  costate 

to  the  apex;  areolation  very  narrow,  linear,  much  inllated  at  the 
concave  basilar  angles. 

19.  Cratoneurum.     Stems  prostrate;    branches  erect,  rigid,  villous, 

pinnate.  J^eaves  simply  and  strongly  costate;  areolation  dense, 
linear,  oblong  at  the  enlarged  base  and  decurrent  angles.  Cap- 
sule cylindrical,  cernuous. 

20.  Rhytidium.     Stems  large,  prostrate,  irregularly  pinnate  with  short 

subuncinate  branehlets.  Loaves  secund  and  subfalcato,  luulu- 
late-rugose;  areolation  compact,  linear.  Capsule  cylindrical, 
arcuate. 

21.  Ctenium.    Branches  in  compact  tufts,  pinnately  ramulose.    Leaves 

hamate  and  circinnate-secund.     Capsule  cylindrical. 

22.  Ctenidium.     Plants  cespitose;  branches  erect,  appressed,  regularly 

pinnately  ramulose.  Leaves  soft,  circinnate-secund.  Capsule 
short,  cernuous,  solid. 

23.  Hypnum,  proper.     Plants  variously  divided;  branches  more  or  less 

densely  pinnately  ramulose.  Leaves  obscurely  bicostate,  mem- 
branous, shining;  areolation  compact,  narrowly  rhomboidal. 
distinctly  quadrate  at  the  angles.  Capsule  oblong,  erect-cer- 
nuous. 

•  •  ♦  Leaves  more  or  less  closely  imbricate,  round  or  oblong,  obtuse  or 

pointed,  deeply  concave. 

24.  Limnobium.     Plants  prostrate,   irregularly  branching.     Leaves 

slightly  unequal  at  the  clasping  and  decurrent  base,  simply  cos- 
tate or  obscurely  bicostate.  Capsule  short,  turgid-ovate,  cer- 
nuous. 

25.  Calliergron.     Stem  erect,  with  few  terete  turgid  branches.     Leaves 

very  concave,  membranous;  areolation  very  compact,  narrow, 
enlarged-quadrate  at  the  angles.  Capsule  oblong,  horizontally 
cm-ved. 


II 


Uypnum.] 


BRYACE^E. 


319 


•  »  »  «  Plants  very  large.    Leaves  turgid,  rugulose. 

20.  Scorpidium.  Stcjins  inogularly  divided.  Leaves  huge,  lanceo- 
liite-iiciiiiiiiiatc  or  broi>'"y  .bloug  and  acute  or  obtuse;  areolation 
very  close  and  narrow;  basal  cells  numerous,  <iuailrale.  Capsule 
cylindrical,  arched. 

D.  Plants  large;  divisions  arcuate,  ascending  or  proliferous;  paraphyllia 

numerous. 

27.  Pleurozium.     Stem  arcuate,  prostrate  and  proliferous;  branches 

bl-lripinnate.  Leaves  membranous,  shining,  shortly  bicostate  or 
semicostate;  areolation  linear,  narrow,  uniform.  Capsule  round- 
ovate. 

28.  Hylocomium.     Stems   with   few  brandies,   pinnalely  fastigiale- 

rannilose.  Leaves  8<juarrose  or  reflexed,  shortly  bicostate;  areo- 
lation linear,  narrow,  somewhat  enlarged  at  base.  Capsule  short, 
turgid,  horizontal. 

Subgenus  I.    PSEUDOLESKEA.     (PI.  C.) 

Mode  of  growth  and  arrangement  of  the  leaves  and  para- 
phyllia  as  in  Leskea.  Caj)sule  cernuous  or  horizontal,  short, 
turgid,  thiek-walled.  Teeth  of  the  j)eristonie  solid  ;  membrane 
large;  segments  as  long  as  the  teeth,  regular,  carinate,  eleft 
between  the  articulations,  generally  sejiarated  by  more  or  less 
perfect  cilia.  —  Pseudoleskea,  ]>ruch  &  Schimj). 

1.  H.  atrovirens,  Dicks.  Densely  cesjtitose,  dark  green ; 
stem  much  divided  and  8ubj)innately  ramulose ;  branchlets 
flexuons :  leaves  minutely  papillose,  oj)en  or  subsecund,  lanceo- 
late from  an  ovate  base,  concave,  entire,  the  borders  recurved ; 
costa  stout,  vanishing  below  the  apex;  paraphyllia  numerous 
and  multiform  :  capsule  cernuous  or  horizontal,  oval  or  oblong, 
more  or  less  turgid,  dark  brown,  constricted  under  the  orifice 
when  dry  and  empty ;  pedicel  smooth,  curved  above ;  operculum 
convex-conical,  acute  or  apiculate ;  cilia  none ;  annulus  very 
narrow,  simple.  —  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  10  ;  Smith,  Engl.  Bot.  t.  2422. 
IL  Jilamentosum^  Dicks.  1.  c.  Pseudoleskea  atrovirens,  Bruch 
&  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  477. 

Had.  On  rocks;  Niagara  Falls  and  Lake  Superior  (Macoun)',  Lake 
Huron  (Mrs.  Hoy);  very  rare,  and  sterile. 

2.  H.  catenulatum,  Brid.  Mode  of  growth  as  in  the  last ; 
leaves  very  small,  spreading  when  moist,  closely  imbricate  when 
dry,  lanceolate  from  an  ovate  base ;  borders  recurved  from  the 
middle  downward ;  costa  flat,  vanishing  in  the  middle ;  cells 
small,  oval,  uniformly  oblique   at  base;   paraphyllia  filiform, 


'  1 


-;,'   k 


820 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilypnum. 


t'  I 


simple  or  branching:  pcrichjctiura  whitish,  the  inner  leaves 
narrowly  acuminate,  costate:  capsule  cernuous  or  subarcuate, 
oblong;  operculum  rostrate,  yellow ;  segments  entire,  8ej)aratecl 
by  one  or  two  thin  cilia;  annulus  compound,  broa<l.  —  !Mu8c. 
Recent.  Suppl.  ii.  154.  Pseudoleskea  catentilatiiy  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  478.     Leskea  cutenulata,  Lindb. 

II An.  Mount  Ingleborough,  New  York  (JVuwdl,  Me  Schiiuper  in  Syn. 
ed.  2,  005). 

We  have  never  seen  an  American  specimen  of  this  moss,  nor  can  we 
find  trace  of  tlie  locality  given  by  Schimper. 

3.  H.  radlCOSUm,  Mitt.  Dia'cious :  plants  intricately  ces- 
pitose:  leaves  sjjrjading,  loosely  intricate,  subsecund  at  the 
apex  of  the  branches,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  concave; 
costa  percurrent ;  borders  reflexed,  serrulate  at  the  apex ;  bas- 
ilar cells  narrow,  round-cpiadrate,  the  ujiper  oblong,  soft ;  para- 
phyllia  lanceolate;  periduetial  leaves  large,  erect,  convolute, 
oval,  lanceolate-acuminate,  the  outer  ecostate,  the  inner  thinly 
costate  to  the  middle,  serrulate  at  the  ai>ex.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
viii.  31.  IL  tenax^  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  225,  not  Iledw. 
JI.  congestum^  Wils.  Ms.,  and  Pseudoleskea  couf/esta,  Bruch 
&  Schimp.  in  Bryol.  Eur.  Pseudoleskea^  2. 

Var.  gracHis.  Plants  smaller:  leaves  narrower,  longer 
acuminate:  capsule  inclined ;  peristome  less  ])erfect.  —  Leskea 
riffescetis,  Wils.  Ms.,  referred  to  Lescurea  by  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
in  Bryol.  Eur.  under  that  genus.  Pseudoleskea  riffescens,  Lindb. 
Act.  Soc.  Fenn.  x.  247. 

Hau.  Banlcs  of  Portage  River,  Britisli  America,  on  roots  of  trees  near 
tlie  ground,  and  tl»e  variety  iu  dryer  situations,  on  brandies  of  trees 
{Drummond,  n.  225). 

Sullivant  examined  all  tlie  specimens  given  under  the  above  number 
from  four  different  sets  of  Drummond's  first  collection.  He  remarks, 
in  a  note,  that  the  species  varies  according  to  habitat.  Growing  on  tlie 
roots  of  trees  near  the  ground,  it  is  more  robust  and  condensed;  in  dryer 
situations  on  the  branches  of  trees,  it  is  more  slender  and  lax.  Of  the 
first  ^orm  are  Mitten's  specimens,  which  are  sterile  and  incomplete;  of 
the  second  are  the  specimens  of  three  sets  from  which  Wilson  made  his 
Lesl  ea  rigescens. 

Subgenus  II.    HETEROCLADIUM. 
Stem  vaguely  pinnate  and  ramulose.     Stem-leaves  cordate- 
ovate,  lanceolate,  obscurely  short-bicostate,  open  or  subsquar- 
rose,  smooth  or  minutely  papillose  ;  medial  areolation  narrowly 


Hypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


321 


oval,  the  alar  quadrate  or  transversely  oval,  not  enlarged ; 
branch-leaves  much  sinaller,  ovate-acuminate,  all  minutely  ser- 
rulate ;  jtaraphyllia  few,  leaf-like.  Capsule  oval  or  oblong, 
curved.  Peristome  large ;  cilia  li  or  3.  —  Ifeteroclailinm^  IJruch 
&,  Schini]). 

4.  H.  dimorphum,  lb-id.  Dicecious  :  plants  loosely  ces- 
j)itose,  entwining,  rigid,  yellowish  green  :  stem-leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  broadly  cordate  and  decurrent  at 
base,  curve<l  back  from  the  middle ;  costa  very  ol)scure,  short 
and  geminate  ;  branch-leaves  suberect,  ovate,  concave,  obtuse, 
imbricate;  ])ara|»hyllia  few  and  small,  filiform  or  oval,  ciliate; 
j>erichietial  leaves  long,  ecostate,  rcHexed  from  the  middle, 
whitish :  capsule  oblong,  incurved  or  horizontally  inclined, 
slightly  constricted  under  the  oritice  ;  lid  short,  conical-obtuse. 
—  Muse.  IJecent.  Suppl.  ii.  141).  I/eterociuiliinn  diniorp/uuHy 
Bruch  &  Schim]>.  JJryol.  Eur.  t.  479. 

IIah.     White  Muuntains  and  Nova  Scotia  (James). 

5.  H.  procurrens.  Di(Dciou8 :  plants  yellowish  green ; 
stems  arcuate,  procund^ent ;  branches  irregularly  pinnate  or 
bipinnate :  stem-leaves  divergent,  compressed,  gradually  nar- 
rowed to  a  filiform  ])oint,  mini,  cly  serrulate  on  the  borders, 
with  two  unefjual  costal  vanishing  in  the  middle ;  areolation 
elongated  in  the  middle  of  the  leaves,  oblong  on  the  margins 
and  toward  the  ai>ex,  all  smooth  and  pellucid ;  branch-leaves 
unequilateral,  obtuse;  the  perichajtial  broadly  ovate,  convolute 
at  the  base,  8)>reading  at  the  apex :  capsule  oval,  horizontal, 
long-pedicellate.  —  Pterogonium  procurrens.^  Mitten,  Jouru. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  37,  t.  7. 

Hab.     British  America  (Drummond). 

Of  looser  habit  than  the  last.     Pedicel  an  inch  long. 


Subgenus  III.    TIIUIDIUM.     (PI.  6.) 

Primary  stems  densely  rooting,  the  secondary  1-3-pinnately 
ramulose.  Stem-leaves  larger,  decurrent,  cordate-triangular, 
more  or  less  long-acuminate,  strongly  costate,  papillate  on  the 
lower  face  or  on  both;  paraphyllia  numerous  and  multiform;, 
branch-leaves  smaller,  ovate-lanceolate,  concave,  imbricate; 
areolation    small,  round-hexagonal,  sometimes   long-linear   at 


322 


BKYACE^E. 


[Ill/pnum. 


iij 


HQ 


•1i 


base  and  quadrate  on  tlie  borders.  Flowers  mona'cious  or 
dia'fious ;  j»ericha'thnu  long,  imbricate.  Calyj»tra  covering  the 
capsule  to  the  middle  or  lower.  Capsule  long-pedicellate, 
narrowly  ovate  or  cylindrical,  incurved  or  arcuate.  Oj>erculum 
conical,  or  more  or  less  long-rostrate.  —  T/uddiumy  Schinip. 

*  Planta  minute^  douhhj  pinnate :  areolation  ron)nl-he.e(Ujonal 
andunifonn:  capaule  horizontal ;  lid  subtdate-rostrate :  flow- 
ers momecioHs. 

6.  H.  minutulum,  ITedw.  Stem  papillose-tomcntoso,  ir- 
regularly divided;  branches  ])innately  ramulose:  stem-leaves 
more  distant,  deltoid,  acuminate  or  aj)iculate,  opaque,  subrevo- 
lute  on  the  borders ;  costa  stout,  .vanishing  near  the  apex ; 
branch-leaves  ovate-acuminate,  concave,  with  shorter  costa; 
leaves  and  paraphyllia  very  ])apillose ;  pericluetial  leaves  thinner, 
nearly  smooth,  the  inner  lanceolate-acuminate,  with  the  long 
acumen  more  or  less  reflexed :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  cernuous 
or  horizontal,  on  a  long  smooth  pedicel,  dark  yellow,  brown 
when  old ;  annulus  large,  compound.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  90,  t.  34. 
Thuidinni  tninntulum^  Bruch  &  Schinip.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  481. 

Hah.     Decayii.g  trunks  and  roots  of  trees,  in  woods. 

7.  H.  pygmSBUm,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  dirty  green; 
stem  bipinnate,  papillose ;  branches  and  branchlets  short,  very 
slender:  stem-leaves  much  larger,  distant,  broadly  deltoid,  long 
and  narrowly  acuminate,  subdecurrent,  spreading;  branch-leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  open-erect,  opaque,  densely  ]>apillo8e  and  pa- 
pillose-crenulate  on  the  borders ;  costa  stout,  pellucid,  vanishing 
below  the  apex ;  paraphyllia  very  few  or  none ;  })erichaetial 
leaves  nearly  smooth,  with  a  long  loose  areolation,  the  inner 
sheathing,  all  erect,  lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  costate, 
slightly  serrulate  above :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  oblong,  ar- 
cuate, unequilateral,  broad-mouthed ;  teeth  flexuous,  filiform  at 
the  apex ;  segments  as  long  as  the  teeth ;  cilia  three,  short ; 
annulus  large.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  67,  and  Icon.  Muse.  153, 
t.  98.  Thuidium  pygmmum^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
IViuidium^  6. 

Had.  Limestone  rocks,  in  thin  close  mats,  in  shaded  ravines,  Central 
Ohio;  rare. 

Distinct  from  the  last  in  its  smaller  size,  papillose  stems,  bipinnate 
ramification,  narrower  branch-leaves,  and  the  absence  of  paraphyllia. 


ITypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


323 


•  *  Mod'e  of  ffrmcth  aa  in  the  prectiJinf/ :  cupsuh;  ri/fi/alrifdl ,' 
operculuiH  conical  or  n/torf-rontrafe. 

8.  H.  SCitum,  Ik'siuv.  IMaiits  in  !I|»ihtss(m1  ijn'cn  or  y<'ll(nv- 
ish  brown  tufts;  stems  lonuf,  prostrate,  •J-JJ-purtitt',  (Icnscly  |tin- 
nati'ly  ramulose;  branchlets  short  and  sk'ndt'r:  stoni-Icavcs 
broadly  deltoid,  cordate,  aeumiiiate,  those  of  the  branches 
smaller,  cordate-ovate,  shorter-acinninate,  all  concave,  open- 
erect;  costa  pellucid,  vanishin<;  above  tiie  middle;  areolation 
nearly  round,  minute;  paraphyllia  numerous,  multiform;  inner 
perichivtial  leaves  loni^-lanceolate,  with  a  lout;  Hlif()rm  acumina- 
tion,  plicate  lengthwise:  capsule  cylindrical-oldonir,  erect  or 
slii^htly  curved  ;  operculum  conical-rostrate,  curved  upward ; 
annulus  larije.  —  Prodr.  GH;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  IT)."),  t.  00. 
T/iHidium  scition,  Aust.  ^lusc.  Appal,  n.  300.  Jianin  scita^ 
Aust.  IJull.  Torr.  Club,  vii.  !«. 

Var.  SBStivale.  Inner  pericluetial  leaves  less  u^radually 
pointed:  capsule  subhorizontal,  obovate,  pale;  pedicel  yellow, 
obscurely  scabrous,  as  in  all  the  ujroup.  —  T/tnidiion  sritum^  var. 
(Pstica/Cj  Aust.  Muse.  Api»al.  n.  301.  T.  (esticuni,  Aust.  IJull. 
Tor.  Club,  V.  23. 

Hah.  Koots  and  base  of  trees,  mostly  the  beech;  flowering  from 
August  to  the  eml  of  September,  acconUng  to  exposure;  not  common. 

This  moss  is  a  TItuidinm  in  all  its  cliaracters.  It  has  been  separated 
by  Austin  into  a  new  genus,  Rmtia,  on  aocotmt  of  its  more  erect  capsule, 
and  the  cilia  in  pairs  instead  of  threes.  Other  allied  species,  as  II.  ahie- 
tintim,  have  sometimes  two  cilia,  which  are  even  short  and  irregular. 

0.  H.  erectum.  Stems  very  slender,  covered  with  para- 
phyllia; branchlets  erect,  nearly  simple,  dirty  yellow:  leaves 
densely  imbricate,  hastate,  lanceolate  or  oval-lanceolate,  daspinsjj 
at  base,  narrowed  to  a  long  pellucid  ])oint ;  costa  broad,  vanish- 
ing below  the  ajiex  ;  cells  of  the  areolation  very  small,  rounded, 
chlorophyllose,  papillose ;  pericha3tial  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate, 
very  long  filiform-acuminate:  capsule  cylindrical  or  ovate-cylin- 
drical, erect,  brown,  on  a  very  slender  smooth  pedicel ;  oper- 
culum yellow,  conical,  long-rostrate,  incurved ;  teeth  pellucid 
and  tuberculate  at  base ;  segments  narrow,  gradually  attenuate, 
not  perforated ;  basilar  membrane  narrow ;  cilia  none.  —  7%<<- 
idiiim  erectum^  ]3uby,  Regensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  284  (1875). 

Hab.    Florida  (Chapman,  in  Herb.  Delessert). 

Besides  the  long  pellucid  point  of  the  leaves,  the  essential  character 
which  separates  this  species  from  //.  scitum  is  the  absence  of  cilia. 


•    (1 


* 


824 


imyACEvE. 


[Ifypnum. 


U>.  H.  gracile,  Hrnoh  &  Schimp.  Much  like  //  acitnm, 
diflVrifii;  in  tho  stoins  more  difYuHoIy  ilivnlud,  tlio  Icjivos  loiigor 
acuiiiiiiiitc,  ( It'll t.'iti'-si'iTHto  above,  the  capsule  Hhort-neckeil, 
tuij^id,  oval-ol)lon<^,  ceriiuouH  or  nearly  horizontal  with  a  broad 
oriH('«>,  the  nhort  conical  or  niamillate  lid,  and  the  Me<j^nient8 
H(')»!iratt'«l  by  three  loni;  cilia. —  Lond.  Journ.  Jiot.  ii.  0(58 
(IS4;{);  Sulliv.  iMusc.  Alle«rh.  n.  f),  and  Icon.  Muse.  15C,  t.  100. 
//.  nncrojtln/lliun^  Muhl.  Cat.  Thnidinni  gmciky  liruch  & 
Scliinip.  I.  c.  5;  Lindb.  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  'JCM. 

Var.  Lancastriense,  Sulliv.  &  Les(j.  Leaves  shorter, 
npi»res8ed,  more  <listinctly  serrate  at  the  apex;  pericha'tium 
greenish:  capsule  smaller  and  narrower;  operculum  longer.^ 
Muse.  IJor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  27H. 

Var.  Ravenellii,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  1.  c,  n.  279.  Plants 
sniMller,  slen<ler:  leaves  flat  on  the  borders,  with  dense  areola- 
tion :  i)edit'el  shorter,  curved ;  cilia  appendiculate;  lid  longer. 

1 1  AH.  On  tlfc.iytul  log.s  in  woods;  tlie  first  variety  in  less  litimitl  situa- 
tions, on  roots  (if  troes  in  dry  Idlly  regions;  tlie  second  on  stone,  brick 
walls,  etc.     Soutli  Carolina  and  Florida. 

This  species  is  extremely  variable  according  to  Its  location.  //.  pnllens, 
Lindl).  Ms.  (Sdilnip.  fSyn.  ed.  2,  Oil),  differs  from  the  normal  form  of 
//.  (jrodUi  merely  in  the  narrower  and  longer-pointed  leaves,  tliose  of  the 
l)ranclilets  more  papillose  and  sbaiply  serrate  at  the  apex.  //.  varitim,  in 
Dnimmond's  second  collection  (n.  140,  141),  found  near  St.  Louis,  is  inter- 
mediate between  this  form  and  the  typical  one,  and  distinct  from  both 
in  its  nearly  smooth  leaves.  //.  Vmjiniarmm,  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  576 
(Dill.  Muse.  282,  t.  30,  fig.  18.  Thnldlum  Virrdniannm,  Lindb.  Muse. 
Scand.  30),  is  n!Cognized  by  Llndberg  as  identical  with  the  var.  Lan- 
cantrleusr. 

11.  H.  calyptratum,  Sulliv.  Plants  very  small;  stems 
crcei>ing,  filiform,  simply  pinnate,  fl.igelliform  at  the  apex : 
leaves  oj^en-erect,  broadly  ovate,  narrowly  long-acuminate, 
denticulate  to  the  middle ;  borders  recurved  toward  the  base ; 
costa  percurrent  •  areolation  minute,  subquadrate :  calyptra  very 
long,  cucuUiform,  descending  below  the  base  of  the  capsule, 
])ersistent :  capsule  long-pedicclled,  cylindrical,  oblique,  slightly 
curved  ;  operculum  conical,  obtuse ;  segments  cleft  between  the 
articulations,  separated  by  single  short  cilia ;  annulus  none.  — 
Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  190,  t.  10. 

Had.    Near  Los  Angeles,  California,  on  the  ground  (Bigeloio). 

The  long  calyptra,  the  absence  of  the  annulus,  and  the  segments  cleft 
and  separated  by  solitary  cilia,  especially  separate  this  species  from  the 
preceding. 


m 


Ilypnum.] 


DRYACE/K. 


826 


•  #  •  J'lanta  of  fne  and  htrfjc  (jrowth^  ouepiitff,  'l-W-pin- 
nutebj  ratnuloae:  arpaule  lony-cylimlricaly  et'tct^  incnruul  or 
arcuate :  Jfowera  dincitnia. 

1-.  H.  tamariscinum,  \U^W.    Sti'ius  Htronir  aixl  very 

lonix,  alternately  arched  and  attaelied  to  the  «;nnmd  l»y  l)Uiidl«'s 
of  rootU'ts:  Htein-leaves  hroadly  deltoid,  sulK-onhite  at  the  eon- 
cave  Huhplieate  bane,  abruptly  ami  narrowly  laneeolate-aeuniinate, 
papillose  on  both  sidos,  revohite  and  erenulate  on  the  borders, 
irrej;ularly  serrulate  at  the  apex  ;  branehdeaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
concave,  brij^ht  «j:reen  when  youni;,  ochreous  or  reddish  brown 
when  old;  apical  cells  sinijdc,  oval,  pn>jectinu;;  pericha-tial 
leaves  loii^-ciliate  below,  the  inner  with  a  K»im  tlexuous  and 
tlagelliforni  point ;  the  cilia  filiform,  simple  or  branched  :  capBiile 
on  a  Ioul;  dark  )>urple  pedicel;  o|)ercultnn  uniform  in  col«)r; 
ainndus  none.  —  Spec.  Muse.  201,  exd.  syn.,  t.  ('>7.  ThuhUmn 
t<nnarincininn^  Uruch  &  Schimp.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  482,  and  4y:{. 
T.  tamariacf/oliuhi,  Lindb.  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  xiv.  415,  t.  1, 
fij?.  7. 
Had.    Mountain  districts,  on  the  ground.    Fructllies  in  winter. 

13.  H.  recognitum,  lledw.  Plants  nu)re  slender,  more 
densely  and  widely  cesjiitose,  bij>iinnitely  ramulose;  branehlets 
shorter:  stemdeaves  more  densely  crowded,  more  eidar^ed  at 
base;  branch-leaves  broadly  ovate,  concave  at  base,  acuminate, 
sharply  serrulate ;  apical  cells  cylindrical,  truncate  and  crowned 
by  two  or  three  acute  ])apill!e;  inner  pericluetial  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  fjradually  narrowed  into  a  loni^  filifoi-m  serrate  lori- 
cate point,  not  ciliate  on  the  borders:  capsule  smaller;  operculum 
shorter-rostrate;  annulus  larufe,  distinct,  deciduous.  —  Mjisc. 
Frond,  iv.  92,  t.  35.  T/midium  deUcattdiint,  Ibuch  tfc  Schimi). 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  484.     T.  recof/nltum^  Lindb.  1.  c.  410,  t.  1,  fig.  9. 

IlAn.    On  the  ground,  roots  of  trees,  rocks,  etc. ;  very  common.    Fruit- 
ing in  June. 

14.  H.  delicatulum,  Linn.  Mode  of  growth,  color,  rami- 
fication, form  of  the  leaves,  etc.,  as  in  the  last.  It  has  also  the 
same  kind  of  apical  cells  in  the  branehdeaves,  but  the  periclue- 
tial leaves  are  like  those  of  11.  tamariscinum^  very  long-ciliate ; 
the  operculum  is  more  slender  and  long- rostrate,  and  the  annulus 
is  narrower  than  in  H.  recoffnitum^  but  more  distinct  than  in 
JI.  tamariscinum.  —  Sjiec.  PI.  1125,  in  part  (the  American 
plant) ;    Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  87,  t.  33.     II.  prolifer\i,m.^ 


820 


miYXCEJE. 


[Ifl/pnum. 


. 


\ 


LjT 

T 
PI  ' 

■ 

,,  ■  ^ 

I 
i 


Dnimin.  ^[usp.  Aincr.  n.  VM\.  If.  taniarincinum,  Siilliv.  A, 
\a'>*[,  .Miimc.  llor.-AiMcr.  Kxsicc.  n.  '2''2.  Tltitiiliittmtdicatuliini^ 
Mitt.  .Ituini.  I.iiiM.  Sue.  xii.  .'■)7lS ;  Li»''S.  I.  c,  ii<^.  8. 

II  All.    .Siiiiit!  liH  thu  prt'OftlliiR. 

From  till!  ol>.it!rvuUuiiH  ttf  JilinUH't-g  tlicru  has  bfcti  a  cotifiiHluti  of  tlio 
Npi'cicH  of  tills  );roit|).  'I'Ih!  U'IH;  //.  tdiiiiirixriniiin  lian  nut  l)t'«>n  foiiiitl  In 
North  AiiH'iica,  or  Ls  hfii!  vi-ry  ran-,  ami  thu  MiK-chiU'iix  (IUlill)iit«'»l  umlfr 
this  iianu!  in  Siilliv.  Muse.  ,Vllo,i{li.  ami  Sulllv.  &  Lusq.  Miwo.  Itor.-Ain. 
KxhIcc,  ami  in  Austin's  .Miis<'.  Appal.  r«'pivs«Mit  mostly  //.  dilicittidnni, 
whilo  tliost!  »llstill)UttMl  as  //.  itiiinttiiliiiu  mostly  r«'pr('s«!nt  //.  rrctujnitiiin. 
If,  as  It  H«H!iiis,  \v«  hav<!  only  two  spcflos,  //.  n-foiinitnin  and  //.  (U-licn- 
tulitm,  they  arc  very  easily  lihmtillcil  hy  tlio  characters  of  the  iHd'ichu'tial 
leaves.  The  character  of  the  apical  cells  of  the  hranch-leaves,  which 
essentially  separates  //.  tHindriHcinniii,  has  not  been  remarked  by  any 
American  bryolo^ist. 

«  #  «  #  tStcms  erect,  aimplif  pinnate,  raniulose:  opercuhnn 

coiirv.1',  coniciil. 
\^.  H.  abietinum,  Tjim.     Diavious:  plants  in  wi«l(!  yel- 
lowish uffc'i'M  tiit'ts ;  sti'iiis  siiii|»l(.'  or  bipartite,  slightly  radiciilosc, 
l»iiinatoly  diviilcMl  into  sliort  nearly  t'<|iial  liranches:  st    M-Ii'.'ivt's 
close,  liroadiy  ovate,  loiii^-acinninate,  deeply  suleate,  te  nn<l 

caiiallculiite  to  lielow  the  |)oint;  horders  flat  on  one  side,  re- 
flexed  on  the  other;  hraneh-leaves  ovate-aeuinitiate,  very  con- 
cave, Irreifularly  ilenticulate  on  the  borders,  all  very  pa|)llIose; 
jiaraphyllia  crowded,  lorieate-flliform ;  inner  pericha'tial  leaves 
loni;,  lanceolate-aciuninate,  sulcate,  entire:  ca|)sule  narrow, 
cylindrical,  slijjfhtly  incurved,  arcuate  when  empty,  chestnut- 
colored  ;  operculum  conical,  actnninate ;  cilia  two  or  three, 
unequal  and  irre«j;ular ;  anmdus  laru^e,  compound.  —  Spec.  Piant. 
112C.  I'hukUuni  abietiniim,  Bruch  &  Schiinp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  485. 

II AB.  Shaded  rocks  and  barren  ground  bordering  woods;  not  rare,  but 
fruiting  specimens  very  rarely  found;  Kocky  Mountains  of  Colorado 
(Porter),  in  fruit. 

1().  H.  Blandovii,  Web.  &  Mohr.  Mona?ciou8 :  tufts  bright 
gre\^n;  steins  lon^:,  2-3-parted,  covered  with  paraphyllia; 
brar  ches  close,  distichous,  attenuated,  flexuous  or  reciu'ved  : 
stem-leaves  larsjje,  imliricate,  broadly  ovate-cordate,  acuminate, 
irregularly  plicate  lengthwise,  reflexed  on  the  borders,  p.a)nllose 
on  the  back,  with  long  ramose  basilar  cilia ;  areolation  ol)long, 
loose,  soft ;  branch-leaves  broadly  ovate,  short-acuminate,  plicate, 
entire,  all  costate  to  below  the  apex ;  paraphyllia  very  long, 


II 


Ul/pnuin.] 


nUYACEvE. 


827 


l2i('iiiiMt(>-('iIiat(>;  porieh«»tinl  h'ftvcH  Hhort-nrumin.'it*',  dcnticiiliito 
at  the  a|>t'x  :  capMiiU*  oliloii^-cylimlrical,  i'rniiioiis,  arciiatf  wlicu 
«lry,  lii^ht  lu'oun;  lid  coiiiral,  aculf  aihl  apiculatc;  tt't-tli  wry 
(Inisi'ly  articulati',  ilark  oranj,'i' ;  so^iiu'iits  nearly  nitiiv ;  cilia 
tlirt'i',  loiiix,  |K'rfi'('t;  animliis  lar^^i',  (•()in|><tiiiiil.  —  lint.  Tasch. 
85{*J;  Schwat'i,'!'.  Suppl.  ii.  1.  loH,  t.  14'2.  I'hniifitDn  Jilnniloi'ii^ 
\\y\\v\\  it  S»'liim|».  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  4H(l. 

II All.  IN'iit  Ih)!^m,  Wijtcoiisin  {Laphuin);  Western  New  York;  Tannda 
{Mtiamn);  Fort  Colvllle  (Li/nil). 

Species  not  atijjiciently  known. 

17.  H.  remotifolium,  (irev.  Moim'cions:  plaiitM  irrci^u- 
larly  l>i|iiiinatc:  Mtt'iii-U'avcM  lari^c,  iaiici'olati'-acuiniiiatc,  cris- 
)»ati';  bonk'is  rovolutt',  uiuliiiati' :  capsule  NJiort-piMliccllcd, 
erect,  narrowly  lonj^-cylindrical,  aMccndin^;  annuliis  present. — 
Edinl).  ^reiii.  Wern.  Soc.  v.  485};  Miiell.  Syn.  ii.  41»>. 

II All.    \V»?stern  America. 

Mueller  remarks  on  this  species  that  the  ni,'ure  In  Sch\vae;;r.  Snppl.  II. 
2.  170, i.  'J()(),  given  fron.  Hooker's  siHM'imuiis  received  from  Montagne, 
scarcely  represents  the  himscIcs.  Its  true  characters  are  not  known  ami 
Its  attinitles  are  nncertaln.  Mueller  had  seen  only  an  Imperfect  peristome 
of  the  species. 

IS.  H.  Alleni.  Stems  erect  or  compressed  with  fasciculate 
Viinovati(Us,  hipinn.'itely  branchiiiiLr,  densely  |>arapiiyllose :  leaves 
broadly  ovate,  concave,  very  shortly  acuminate  or  acute,  plane 
or  subsulcate,  minutely  papillose,  crenulate  on  the  borders, 
auriculatc  and  subdecurrent  at  base;  costa  stronur,  ascending 
ne.arly  to  the  apex;  areolation  minute,  distinct,  unipapillose; 
paraphyllia  loncf,  simple  or  sparingly  divided,  geniculate ;  branch- 
leaves  short,  lax,  flexuous,  without  j)ara|)hyllia  and  with  more 
slender  shorter  costa,  etc.  —  Thuidium  Alleni^  Aust.  IJull.  Torr. 
Club,  vii.  IG. 
IIau.    In  a  peat  swamp  near  Xew  Haven,  Conn.  {John  Allen). 


Subgenus  IV.   CLAOPODIUM. 

Plants  small ;  stems  prostrate  or  creeping,  increasing  by 
stolons  or  lateral  branches,  divaricate,  irregularly  bipinnately 
ramulose ;  branches  short  and  simple,  or  longer  and  attenuate, 
flagelliform.  Leaves  open,  erect,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  an 
ovate  subcordate  base,  denticulate  all  around,  papillose  on  the 


ii 


iii 


A.i'.i. 


328 


BRYACiiE. 


[Ilj/jmwn. 


n 


back;   areolation  small,  oval  or  fusiform-angular;  i)araphyllia 

none.     Flowers  dia'cious.     Capsule  short-oval,  turgid,  abru}>tly 

curved  downward  at  the  base  of  the  inflated  collum.     Pod'.cel 

smooth  or  rough.     0])erculum  conical,  constricted  into  a  ?hort 

jtoint-     i'eeth  closely  articulate;    segments  split  between  the 

articulations  ;  cilia  two  or  three,  long. 

lit'lated  to  Tlutidituu  in  the  papillose  areolation  and  the  form  of  the 
leaves ;  to  Eurhynch'aun  in  the  absence  of  paraphyllia  and  the  character  of 
the  peristome;  differing  from  both  in  the  form  of  the  capsule  and  lid. 

10.  H.  leuconeurum,  Sidliv.  <&  Lesq.  Plants  yell(jwish 
green,  glossy  ;  stems  slender ;  branches  short,  appressed :  leaves 
open,  erect,  costate  to  the  ai)ex  ;  the  pericha^tial  ovate-lanceolate, 
long  flliforni-acuminate,  ecostate;  areolation  minute,  scarcely 
longer  toward  the  base :  caj)sule  ovate,  horizontal ;  pedicel 
curved,  smooth ;  operculum  long-conical,  aj>iculate  or  short- 
rostc'late;  segments  j)unctulate;  intermediate  cilia  three,  not 
half  as  long  as  the  segments ;  annulus  large.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Amcr. 
Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  407";  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  102,  t.  80.  Tha- 
iiliuni  leuconeurum,  Lesq.  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  31. 

IIah.  On  trunks  of  Qverciis  agrifolia  and  on  moist  soil  of  sh&ded 
hills;  Oakland,  California  {Bolander);  Coeur  d'Alene  Mountains,  N.  W. 
Montana  (Watson). 

20.  H.  Whippleanum,  Sulliv.  Plants  small,  dirty  green, 
}>rostrate ;  stems  irregulaily  divided ;  primary  branches  long, 
flexuous,  pinnately  ramulose,  attenuate,  llagelliform,  radiculose 
at  the  apex :  leaves  erect-spreading,  those  of  the  stem  deltoid, 
cordate  at  base,  those  of  the  branches  narrower,  all  long-acu- 
minate, dentate,  serrate  all  around,  costate  to  the  aj)ex ;  areola- 
tion minutely  quadrate-oblong;  perichajtial  leaves  ovate,  gradu- 
ally narrowed  into  a  slender  flexuous  point,  costate  to  below  the 
point :  capsule  abruptly  inclined  from  a  short  neck,  ovate,  on 
a  tuborculose  flexuous  pedicel ;  operculum  conical,  con;^tricted 
in  the  middle,  apiculate ;  segments  splitting,  separated  by  two 
cilia  as  long  as  the  segments.  —  Pacif.  R.  Rep.  iv.  190,  t.  9. 

Had.     Coast  ranges  near  San  Francisco  (Bigelow). 

The  species  is  closely  allied  to  //.  leuconeurum,  differing  essentially  in 
the  rough  pedicel,  tlie  absence  of  annulus,  and  the  cilia,  which  arc  only 
two  and  of  twice  the  length. 

21.  H.  ramulosum,  Hampe.  Stem  thickish,  simply  pin- 
nate ;  branches  short,  unequal,  bright  green ;  stem-leaves  densely 


Jlypnum.] 


BRYACE^E. 


329 


crowded,  crcct-sprcading,  soft,  broadly  cordate,  subdecurreiit- 
auriculate  at  l)ase,  al>rui»tly  narrowed  into  a  eroimlate  hyaline 
j)iliferoiis  jioint ;  oosta  whitish,  vanishinu;  below  the  aj)ex  ;  areo- 
lation  of  miinite  rounded  slijj^htly  i>ai>illose  eells;  perieluetial 
leaved  broadly  ovate,  erose-dentate,  long  and  narrowly  aeuinin- 
.ite,  denticulate,  narrowly  costate,  loosely  reticulate:  capsule 
small,  horizontal,  turgid,  oblong,  pale,  on  a  short  rough  jturplish 
pedicel ;  operculum  conical,  obli(|uely  rostellate ;  segments 
yellowish,  si»lit ;  cilia  two;  annulus  large.  —  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  480. 
Hau.    Cape  Disappointment,  Washington  Territory. 

22.  H.  crispifolium,  Hook.  fStems  pinnately  and  bipin- 
nately  much  divided,  dirty  yellow:  leaves  densely  imbricate, 
yellowish  green,  opaipie,  subfalcate-secund ;  those  of  the  stems 
deltoid-ovate,  attenuate  into  a  long  crispate  point,  undulate- 
rugose,  soft,  thickish,  decurrent  at  base,  minutely  areolate, 
strongly  nerved ;  branch-leaves  narrower,  ovate-lanceolate ;  the 
perichajtial  erect,  lanceolate,  gradually  narrowed  to  a  long  flex- 
UOU3  point,  ecostate,  serrulate :  capsule  oval-oblong,  horizontal ; 
pedicel  purplish,  rough;  peristome  of  jEurhi/nchium.  —  Muse. 
Exot.  t.  31. 

Hau.  Shaded  ground  and  rocks,  Xorthwestern  America  {Mcnzicn); 
"Vancouver  Island  (Wood);  Cviliionna,  (Uolunder,  Watsun);  Fort  Colville 
( Watson). 

23.  H.  laxifolium,  Schwaegr.  Stems  long,  creeping,  pros- 
trate and  rigid ;  branches  and  branchlets  bright  green  :  stem- 
leaves  loosely  imbricate,  open-erect,  deltoid,  ovate  and  decur- 
rent at  base,  acuminate,  serrate  or  denticulate ;  branch-leaves 
narrower;  costa  vanishing  in  the  apex;  pei-icha'tial  leaves 
oblong,  sheathing,  erect,  long  flexuous-acuminate,  denticulate  at 
the  apex,  ecostate  :  capsule  globose-ovate,  horizontal  on  a  short 
red  tubercular  pedicel ;  operculum  conical,  acuminate ;  peri- 
stome as  in  the  preceding.  —  Sup])l.  ii.  1.  159,  t.  143;  Brid. 
Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  464.  Leskea  laxifolia^  Hook.  Muse.  Exot.  t.  30. 
Isothecium  laxifolium^  Brid.  1.  c.  359. 

Hau.    Northwest  coast  of  America  (Menzies). 


Subgenus  V.    ELODIUM. 

Stems  villous,  ascending,  2-3-parted,  distantly  and  pinnately 
ramulose;  branches  subcompressed.  Leaves  lanceolate-acumi- 
nate, striate,  not  papillose ;  areolation  elongated,  rhomboidal ; 


•:'s    :i 


330 


BRYACEiE. 


[Uypnum. 


H?'' 


Illii 


■,•  -' 


i') 


costca  subpercurrent.    Capsule  cemuous.     Operculum  convex- 
conical. 

24.  H.  paludosum,  SulHv.  Monoecious :  plants  yellowish 
green ;  branchlets  distichous,  slender,  unequal :  leaves  open- 
erect,  cordate-concave  at  base,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  reilexed 
on  the  borders,  strongly  costate  to  the  denticulate  apex,  smooth 
on  both  faces;  i)ara])liyllia  ciliate,  numerous;  inner  j)erichietial 
leaves  oblong,  gradually  narrowed  into  a  short  slender  point, 
plicate-striate  lengthwise :  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  thicker 
above,  cernuous;  operculum  conical,  apiculate,  short ;  segments 
cleft  between  the  articulations ;  cilia  three,  as  long  as  the  seg- 
ments ;  annulus  large.  —  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  7,  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
68,  and  Icon.  Muse.  157,  t.  lUl. 

Hau.  Not  rare  In  the  cranberry  marshes  of  Northern  Ohio;  Rhode 
Island  (Olney);  Massachusetts  (Uussell);  Vernwnt  (Frost),  etc. 

This  species  so  much  resembles  //.  Blandocii  that  it  has  sometimes 
been  confounded  with  it.  It  d lifers  in  the  paraphyllia  less  densely 
crowded  upon  the  stems,  the  leaves  not  papillose  and  not  fringed  at  the 
basal  margin,  the  segments  cleft,  etc. 

Subgenus  VI.    TRIPTEROCLADIUM. 

Plants  loosely  cespitose,  intricate ;  stems  compressed ; 
branches  comi>ressed  or  subtcrete,  attenuated,  irregularly  pin- 
nate. Leaves  erect,  more  or  less  open,  very  smooth ;  cells  of 
the  areolation  ellii)tical,  the  alar  cpiadrate-rhomboidal.  Capsule 
erect,  cylindrical,  cernuous.  Oj)erculum  conical.  Flowers 
monoecious. 

25.  H.  leucocladulum,  Muell.  Stems  long,  very  slender, 
filiform  ;  lower  brancidots  shorter,  brown  by  maceration,  the 
upper  long,  attenuate-filiform,  subjulaceous :  stem-leaves  close, 
erect  or  ojien,  small,  exactly  ovate  from  the  decurrent  base, 
obsoletely  denticulate  at  the  apex  ;  those  of  the  branches  oblong 
and  narrower,  all  very  short,  bicostate,  concave,  revolute  at  the 
base,  ])ale  green ;  inner  perichaitial  leaves  numerous,  large, 
sheathing  at  the  broader  base,  short-acuminate,  reflexed,  the 
upper  all  very  slightly  denticulate :  calyptra  glabrous :  capsule 
erect,  small,  cylindrical-oval,  on  a  short  very  slender  reddish 
flexuous  pedicel,  slightly  cernuous,  reddish,  glossy ;  operculum 
small,  conical,  acute  ;  annulus  narrow  ;  teeth  distinctly  latticed ; 


Ilypnum.] 


BIIYACE.E. 


331 


segments  yellow,  attached  to  a  fragile  scarious  memlirane,  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  split  or  disjointed,  separated  by  solitary  deli- 
cate subnodose  cilia.  —  H(-^ensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  71)  (1875). 
II AH.     Oakland,  Oregon  (Ihircy). 

-0.  H.  COmpreSSUlum,  Muell.  1.  c.  Plants  slender,  bright 
green,  soft ;  stems  short,  slender,  distinctly  compressed  ;  branch- 
lets  short,  very  slender,  irregularly  pinnate,  slightly  compressed  : 
stem-leaves  erect,  more  or  less  open,  ovate  or  oblong-acuminate, 
concave,  slightly  <lecurrent  at  base,  distinctly  denticulate  all 
around,  bicostate ;  cells  soft,  very  glossy ;  uj)per  perichietial 
leaves  longer  acuminata :  capsule  much  longer,  very  narrowly 
cylindrical. 

Hah.     Oakland,  Oregon  (R.  D.  Xecins). 


Subgenus  VII.    CA3IPT0TIIECIU:iI. 

Plants  yellow,  glossy,  cespitose ;  stems  pinnately  ramulose. 
Leaves  crowded,  erect,  strict,  subscarious,  long-lanceolate, 
gradually  acuminate,  dee})ly  j)licate  lengthwise,  narrowly  cos- 
tate ;  areolation  very  narrow,  linear  or  vermicular,  smooth, 
the  basal  cells  quadrate  a*^  the  angles.  Flowers  dicecious  ;  male 
buds  often  parasite  upon  female  ])lants.  Capsule  oblong  or 
cylindrical,  cernuous,  arcuate  when  dry.  Pedicel  rough,  except 
in  //.  nitens.  Peristome  j)erfect ;  membrane  broad ;  segments 
as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Camptothecium^  Schimp. 

27.  H.  lutescens,  Huds.  Stems  rigid  :  leaves  minutely 
serrate  at  the  a]>ex,  those  of  the  branches  narrower  and  some- 
times subsecund :  capsule  cernuous  from  above  its  erect  collum, 
oblong-cylindrical,  more  or  less  arcuate,  dirty  yellow;  oj)er- 
culum  rostrate.  —  Flor.  Angl.  42;  Iledw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  40, 
t.  16.     Camptotheciumlutescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  J3ryol.  Eur. 

t.  558. 

Hah.  Alaska  (Kellor/g);  Northwest  coast  (7)oHr/;ns);  Vancouver  Isl- 
and (Lyall);  Victoria,  Oregon  (iio/«)u7er,  JVcc/«.s);  California  (Coulter). 

28.  H.  SBneum,  Mitt;  Leaves  gradually  lanceolate-acumi- 
nate from  the  ovate  base;  costa  vanishing  below  the  apex; 
borders  reflexed,  distantly  serrulate ;  alar  cells  small,  short, 
obscure ;  perichajtial  leaves  long,  erect,  broadly  lanceolate, 
abruptly  acuminate-subulate,   serrulate,   ecostate :    capsule  in* 


si' 


III 

i(i 


i-.i: 


f! 


,. 


i 


1 


i 


i   I 


dl 


!•       ■■■} 


r 


r 


l.'.i' 
I 


332 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ilypnum. 


clincd,  curved ;  segments  cleft  between  the  articulations ;  cilia 
three,  as  long  as  the  segments ;  membrane  large,  as  in  the  last 
species. — Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  31,  t.  5. 

Had.     Pend  d'Oreille  Uiver,  N.  Idaho  {Lyall);  Fort  Colville  ( IVataon). 

From  the  author's  remarks  tliis  species  lias  the  same  appearance  as  the 
last,  from  which  it  is  distinguished  by  the  apical  leaves  of  the  lateral 
branches  having  their  points  broad,  somewhat  acutate,  and  obtuse.  The 
peristome  is  more  complete,  the  segments  being  separated  by  three  long 
cilia. 

29.  H.  Nuttallii,  Wils.  Widely  ces]>itose,  yellowish  brown ; 
stems  prostrate,  radiculose;  branchlets  crowded,  spreading  or 
homomallous  :  leaves  closely  imbricate,  narrowly  oblong-lanceo- 
late, gradually  acuminate,  plicate-striate,  coarsely  dentate  tit  the 
recurved  base,  serrate  above ;  costa  vanishing  in  the  apex ; 
inner  periclnetial  leaves  erect,  long-lanceolate,  narrowed  into  a 
filiform  point,  striate:  capsule  long-cylindrical,  suberect  and 
subarcuate,  with  a  short  distinct  neck ;  pedicel  very  short  and 
rough,  scarcely  as  long  as  the  ci'.i)sule ;  operculum  conical,  short- 
rostrate  ;  segments  split  their  whole  length ;  cilia  very  short, 
rudimentary;  annulns  narrow.  —  Bryol.  Brit.  334,  3.'>9  ;  SuUiv. 
Icon.  Muse.  211,  t.  128.  Cantptotheciiim  N'uttallii,  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  Vamptothecium,,  C.  Leskea  Callfornica^ 
Ilampe,  Linmea,  xxx.  400  (1800). 

IIau.  On  trees,  Western  coast  of  North  America  (Mi'nzies)\  Cali- 
fornia, Oregon,  etc.  {liolundcr,  Baiter,  Nuttall,  Biyelow,  etc.);  N.  Idaho 
{Watson);  not  common. 

Easily  recognized  from  its  congeners  by  its  long  thick  capsule,  short 
pedicel,  shorter  rostrate  operculum,  the  densely  pinnate  ramification,  and 
the  dentate  base  of  the  leaves. 

30.  H.  Nevadense,  Lesq.  Plants  robust,  loosely  cespitose, 
yellowish  green;  stems  creeping;  branchlets  short  and  hori- 
zontal, or  longer,  irregularly  divided  and  arcuate :  leaves  secund, 
lanceolate,  gradually  short-acuminate,  minutely  serrate  at  the 
apex,  carinate  by  the  costa,  deeply  biplicate ;  borders  revolute 
or  recurved  ;  alar  cells  very  few,  irregularly  quadrate :  capsule 
erect  or  subcernuous,  cylindrical-ovate,  on  a  short  reddish  pedi- 
cel ;  operculum  long-rostrate ;  cilia  very  short  and  rudimentary 
or  none ;  annulus  compound.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  33. 

Hab.  On  rocks  in  the  spray  of  Nevada  and  Bridal  Veil  Falls,  Yose- 
mite  Valley  (Bolander)',  Spokan  Falls  {Watson). 

Distinguished  from  II.  lutescens  by  its  yellowish  green  color,  the  large 
thick  stems  and  branches,  its  distinctly  pinnate  ramification,  the  alar 


Uypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


333 


areolation  scarcely  marked  by  a  few  oval  cells,  the  large  capsule,  the  inner 
peristome  without  cilia,  etc.  The  leaves  are  more  regularly  and  ileeply 
plicate  than  in  any  other  species  of  the  subgenus. 

81.  H.  pinnatifldum,  Sul'iv.  &  Lvmi  Plants  soft,  widoly 
and  loosely  ccspitoso,  bright  or  pale  green ;  steins  slentler,  pros- 
trate, brittle,  densely  pinnately  ramulose,  rootless ;  branohlets 
short  and  flexuous,  or  longer  and  flagelliforni :  leaves  open-ereet, 
densely  imbricate,  lanceolate,  gradually  subulate-acuminate,  pli- 
cate, revolute  or  reflexed  on  the  borders,  slightly  denticidate  at 
the  aj)ex  ;  costa  thick,  ascending  to  above  the  middle;  cells  of 
the  areolation  linear-rhomboidal,  the  alar  quadrate  and  minute ; 
pericha3tial  leaves  imbricate  at  the  sheathing  oblong  base,  grad- 
ually long-acuminate,  ecostate:  capsule  thick,  oblong  or  obo- 
vate,  incurved  on  a  short  flexuous  rough  pedicel ;  operculum 
large,  highly  conical,  ^.'onstricted  in  the  middle,  mamillate ; 
peristome  normal ;  annulus  large.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc. 
(ed.  2),  n.  513 ;  Lesq.  Mem.  Calif.  Acad.  i.  33 ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Suppl.  101,  t.  77. 

IIab.     Shaded  rocks  in  cafions,  California  {Iloldmler). 

32.  H.  arenarium,  Losq.  Widely  and  loosely  cespitose, 
dirty  yellow,  irregularly  brandling ;  stems  slender ;  branchlets 
sliort  and  erect,  or  longer  and  filiform,  attenuated,  radiculose: 
leaves  erect,  iml)ricate,  lanceolate-acuminate,  striate,  serrulate, 
reflexed  on  the  margins  ;  costa  stout,  vanishing  below  the  apex; 
cells  of  the  areolation  narrow,  small,  numerous,  scarcely  dis- 
tinct, the  basilar  round-ovate,  covering  the  whole  base  of  the 
leaves  ;  outer  perichaatial  leaves  broadly  ovate,  short,  with  a  re- 
flexed point,  the  upper  sheathing,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  Ali- 
form serrulate  erect  or  reflexed  point,  coarsely  dentate  below  it : 
capsule  small,  cylindrical-ovate,  cernuous ;  j)edicel  long  and 
slender,  rough  toward  the  base,  nearly  smooth  above ;  oper- 
culum large,  obtusely  conical,  apiculate  ;  segments  jierforated  ; 
cilia  one  or  two,  short ;  annulus  compound,  large,  persistent.  — 
Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  13. 

Hab.  Covering  sand  around  bushes  near  San  Francisco,  California 
{Bolander). 

Easily  distinguished  from  the  following  by  its  slender  form,  the  short 
curved  capsule,  etc. 

33.  H.  nitens,  Schreb.  Densely  cespitose,  bright  or  dirty 
green,  glossy ;  stems  erect,  radiculose  at  the  base  of  the  leaves : 
leaves  erect-spreading,   strict,  long-lanceolate,  subulate-acumif 


ill: 


iiV 


Hi 


ii 


hi 


'{ 


4* 


334 


BIIYACE.E. 


[Ifs/pnum. 


nate ;  costa  \ong;  anil  slender ;  inner  |)crieha}tial  leaves  very 
long,  filiforni-aeiuninate :  capsule  cyliixlrieal-oblong,,  more  or  less 
arcuate  ;  pedicel  snuKitli ;  j)eristonie  normal,  the  teeth  yellow  ; 
annulus  comj)ound.  —  Spicil.  Fl.  Lips.  92  ;  Bryol.  Kur.  t.  C'ili. 
Cainptothecintn  nitens,  Schimp.  Syn.  530. 

1 1  AH.  IVat  bogs  and  praiiie  swamps,  in  the  northern  dlstriols;  rarely 
found  in  fruit.  A  variety  with  steuis  and  brandies  more  slender  and  of  a 
different  aspect  has  been  sent  fi'om  New  Yorlc  by  E.  C  JIowc,  but  ex- 
cepting the  atUmuation  of  all  the  parts,  the  characters  are  identical.  The 
relation  of  the  species  to  the  group  is  not  detinitc. 

34.  H.  megaptilum,  Sulliv.  Ms.  Plants  highly  cespitose, 
M'hitish  or  pale  green,  glossy ;  stems  robust,  erect,  pinnately 
branching,  rootless ;  branches  short,  horizontal,  distichous,  tho 
upper  turgid :  leaves  crowded,  erect,  imbricate,  narrowly  ovate 
above  the  subdecurrent  base,  lanceolate,  short-ajuculate,  very 
plicate,  concave,  costate  to  the  middle,  subrevolute  on  the  bor- 
ders, denticulate  all  around  and  on  the  back  upon  the  costa  and 
the  keels  of  the  folds ;  cells  of  tlie  areolation  long,  narrow, 
linear,  chlorophyllose,  the  alar  few  and  irregular :  flowers 
pseudomoncecious ;  male  buds  radiculose,  attached  in  the  folds 
of  the  leaves :  capsule  ovate-oblong,  slightly  curved,  much 
arcuate  and  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  empty ;  j)edicel 
thick,  short,  scabrous,  dark  red ;  operculum  conical,  apiculate, 
constricted  in  the  middle  ;  segments  carinate,  entire,  with  two 
intermediate  ai)pendiculate  cilia  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Campto- 
thecium  (?)  me(/a2^tilHm^  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Supjd.  102,  t.  78. 

Has.    On  the  ground  in  deep  coniferous  woods;  Oregon  (E.  Hall). 

Subgenus  VIII.    BRACIIYTIIECIUM.     (PI.  5.) 

Plants  generally  large,  loosely  cesj)itose,  prostrate  or  creeping, 
irregularly  branching,  subpinnately  ramidose,  neither  ])arai)hyl- 
late  nor  tomentose,  densely  foliate.  Leaves  broadly  ovate  and 
oblong-lanceolate,  long-acuminate  or  narrowed  into  a  filiform 
point,  minutely  serrate,  irregularly  plicate  lengthwise,  cordate 
and  more  or  less  decurrent  at  base,  not  glossy ;  areolation  elon- 
gated rhomboidal,  the  alar  quadrate,  somewhat  chlorophyllose  or 
with  the  primordial  utricle  distinct.  Capsule  horizontal  or  cer- 
nuous  (suberect  in  77".  acuminatum)^  thick,  turgid-ovate  or  ob- 
long, incurved.     Pedicel  smooth  or  rough.     Operculum  large, 


Hypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


335 


convex-conical,  acuminate.  Peristome  iarije ;  teeth  very  depsoly 
articulate ;  wgments  as  lonuf  as  the  teeth  ;  cilia  two  or  three. 
Spores  chestnut-ct)l()r.  —  Jirac/ti/theciiihi,  Schiinp. 

#  Pedicel  stnooth. 

8i').  H.  ISBtum,  l>ri(l.  Diieeious  :  tufts  hrii^ht  or  yellowish 
jjreen ;  stems  prostrate ;  branches  and  branehlets  UTUMjual, 
attenuate  at  the  apex,  erect :  leaves  close,  ovate-lanceolate, 
short-acuminate,  ct)ncave,  more  or  less  plicate,  narrowly  c(»state 
to  the  middle,  minutely  serrulate  all  around  ;  cells  very  lon<^ 
and  narrow ;  pericluetial  leaves  numerous,  soft,  the  inner  oh- 
lonijj,  al)ruj>tly  filiform-acuminate,  flexuous:  capsule  suherect  or 
ccrnuous,  narrowly  cylindrical-oblonjjf,  slightly  incurved  or  sul)- 
arcuate  when  <lry ;  operculum  narrowly  conical ;  cilia  strongly 
articulate  or  subai)i>endiculate  ;  ann\ilus  none.  —  IJryol.  Univ. 
ii.  479;  Sulliv.  Icon.  3[usc.  185,  1. 115.  lirachythecium  Itf^titm, 
Bruch  &  Schini]).  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  554. 

Var.  dentatum.  Leaves  shorter,  broader,  with  a  shorter 
point,  more  strongly  dentate  on  the  borders  and  more  loosely 
areolate.  —  //.  salebrosnm,  Sulliv.  JNCusc.  Allegh.  n.  43.  Ji. 
Stdlii'untii^  IJruch  &  Schimj).  Bryol.  Eur.  liracfnjthecium^  21. 

H.VB.  Woods,  on  prostrate  trunks,  shaded  jrronnd,  or  roots  of  trees; 
very  frequent,  and  variable  according  as  the  locality  is  more  or  less  damp. 

After  the  description  of  this  species  Schimper  remarks  that  we  have 
in  North  America  two  or  three  other  species  closely  related  to  Brachythe- 
ciiiin  ketum,  but  which  cannot  be  separated  without  careful  examination. 
On  repeated  comparison  of  a  large  number  of  spociineiis  of  this  polymor- 
phous species,  in  collaboration  with  Suliivant.  we  have  foun«l  a  difference 
between  //.  hetiun  of  America  and  that  of  Europe,  this  last  agreeing  with 
the  description  of  B.  luteolnin  of  Mueller.  But  so  numerous  are  the 
American  varieties  of  this  moss  that,  if  only  local  differences  were  con- 
sidered, a  niunber  of  species  could  be  established,  but  evidently  with  only 
transient  characters,  like  the  length  of  the  leaves,  tlie  more  o:  less  loose 
areolation,  the  erect  or  curved  capsule,  etc.,  and  even  the  sometimes 
pseudo-moncEcious  inflorescence,  differences  often  to  be  noticed  upon  the 
same  plant.  We  have  therefore  admitted  a  single  species,  /f.  l(JEtinn,  as 
described  above,  and  figtired  in  the  Icoiies  from  specimens  in  the  herba- 
rium of  Dr.  Torrey  labelled  *'  //.  20,  Coll.  Dewey,"  to  which  Bridel  refers 
as  the  materials  on  whicli  lie  established  the  species.  Comparing  the 
figures  of  the  Icones  with  those  of  Bryol.  Eur.,  the  only  important  dif- 
ferences to  be  noticed  are  that  in  the  American  form  the  capsule  is  gener- 
ally larger  and  the  upper  perichietial  leaves  more  abruptly  narrowed  into 
flexuous  filiforni  points. 


PffP  T 


i   '' 


l-l 


4 


83G 


BRYACE^. 


[Uypnum. 


PI' 


•  ,  1 

1 

1  :       ] 

1 

30.  H.  acuminatum,  Ik-anv.  Difpcious:  plants  \vu\v\y 
and  more  or  less  (K'lisfly  cc'spitosc,  dark  j^reen  jiaHhiIng  to  glossy 
yi'Ilow ;  sterns  radiculose,  jirostratc ;  branches  <listantly  ranui- 
losc ;  hranclik'ts  two-rankod,  uncMjual,  aoutc,  jthunosu  or  stil)- 
jiilacc'ous:  leaves  close,  t»rect-oi)en,  ovate-acute  or  ovate-lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  concave,  the  borders  recurved  toward  the  base, 
subserrulate  from  the  middle  upward,  not  or  only  slightly 
striate;  costa  vanishing  above  the  middle  or  below  the  apex; 
angular  cells  granulose  ;  inner  i)erichjL'tial  leaves  tapering  into 
a  long  filiform  curved  acumen :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong, 
erect,  ecpial,  rarely  subincurved,  short-i)edicelled  ;  operculum 
long,  conical-apiculate;  segments  punctate;  cilia  rudimentary; 
u  inulus  none.  —  Prodr.  G(l ;  3Iuell.  Syn.  ii.  334 ;  SuUiv.  Icon. 
]\iusc.  1S7,  t.  110.  Leaked  acuminatd^  Iledw.  Spec.  INIusc.  2*24, 
t.  50.  X.  lieyrichii,  Ilampo,  Liunana,  xiii.  47,  and  Icon.  Muse, 
t.  7. 

Var.  rupincolum,  Sulllv.  &  Lesq.  Branches  julacoous: 
leaves  densely  imbricate,  short,  carinato  and  more  plicate :  cap- 
sule sliorter  oblong.  —  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsiec.  n.  330''-  LeS' 
kea  rupincoht,  Iledw.  1.  c.  227,  t.  54, 

Var.  setosum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c,  n.  330*=-  Branchlets 
slender,  i)lumose,  i)ale  yellow  :  leaves  longer  with  looser  areola- 
tion,  the  perich.Ttial  longer-acuminate  :  lid  long-acuminate,  not 
apicnlate.  —  Leskea  setosa,  Iledw.  1.  c.  220,  t.  57. 

Had.  Decayed  trunks  In  woods;  the  first  variety  on  the  ground  or  on 
rocks,  the  last  on  less  shaded  trunks.    Ranging  from  Florida  to  Canada. 

A  most  variable  species,  but  easily  recognized  by  its  characters,  espe- 
cially by  its  straight  capsule,  and  the  peristome  without  cilia. 

37.  H.  salebrOSUm,  Iloffm.  Mona?cious :  plants  widely 
ce8j)ito8e,  gloss}',  whitish  or  yellowish  green ;  stems  subpin- 
nately  ramulose :  leaves  close,  erect,  open,  loosely  imbricate 
when  dry,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  filiform-acuminate,  irregu- 
larly snlcate ;  borders  entire  or  subserrulate  ;  costa  reaching  the 
middle  or  beyond,  sometimes  forking :  capsule  short,  cernuous, 
ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  incurved ;  pedicel  very  smooth  ;  oper- 
culum conical ;  intermediate  cilia  two,  slightly  shorter  than  the 
segments,  articulate ;  annulus  narrow.  —  Deutschl.  P  i.  ii.  74. 
IT.  plumosiwt,  Iluds.  Fl.  Angl.  423  ;  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  475; 
Muell.  Syn.  ii.  358.  Hmchythecium  salebrosuniy  Bruch  & 
Schimp,  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  549,  550. 


ffyymum.] 


BRYACEiE. 


837 


Vnr.  longisetum.  Stems  long,  nsocnding,  sparinjjly  rainii- 
losf  :  U'jivf.s  shorter  and  Hhortor-ju'umiiiatc,  iiuUstinctly  scrrati'. 
—  JJruch  ife  Sohimp.  1.  c,  aH  Jirachythecintn. 

Var.  palustre.  stems  tall,  stout :  leaves  ]»roa<ler,  move 
ooncave,  seareely  plicate,  with  u  shorter  ]>oiiit.  —  7/  Jlildeantnn, 
Sehimi).  Syii.  vm. 

Var.  cylindricum.  Stems  appressed,  i)iiinately  ramulose : 
leaves  shortei,  very  glossy,  j)ale  :  eapsule  ereet,  longer,  siil)- 
arciiate.  —  Hrucli  &  Schimp.  1.  c. 

Var.  Texanum.  Stem-leaves  aliruptly  sul)tilate-aouniiiiate, 
the  lower  entire,  the  upper  serrate  :  capsule  ohlong-cylindrical  ; 
jtedicel  thicker,  pale-colored.  —  Aust.  liull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  44, 
as  J^rachytliecium. 

II An.  Moist  ground,  decaying  trunks  of  treos,  stonos,  etc.,  in  tlie 
woods;  the  first  variety  in  more  arid  places;  the  second  in  swampy 
ground;  tlie  next  in  South  Carolina  (liav€nd)\  the  last  in  Texas 
\Boll). 

38.  H.  acutum,  Mitt.  Mona;cious :  plants  loosely  cespi- 
tose,  bright  glossy  green  :  stems  long,  tlexuous,  cree|)ing,  rad- 
iculose  at  base,  s])aringly  branching ;  branchlets  short,  very 
open,  often  reflexed  :  leaves  loose,  oj)en-spreading  when  mois- 
tened, lanceolate,  gradually  long-pointed,  distantly  and  ol)- 
seurelv  serrulate  all  around,  subdecnrrent  and  short-auriculate 
at  base,  costato  to  above  the  mid<lle ;  basal  cells  loose,  sub- 
quadrate  ;  perichajtial  leaves  narrowly  subulate,  recurved  from 
a  short  oval  erect  base,  nerved  :  capsule  oval,  8id)in('rmed  and 
subcernuous  and  unequal;  ])edicel  long;  operculum  long-coni- 
cal, apiculate  or  subulate ;  teeth  hyaline-bordered ;  cilia  two, 
aj>pendiculate.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  32,  t.  G.  Jlntchythe- 
cium  aaitimiy  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  Supjd.  99,  t.  75. 

IlAii.     Puck  River,  British  Columbia  {Lyall);  Massaeluisetts  {Greene). 

Closely  resembling  11.  salebrosum,  but  differing  from  this  and  other 
allied  species  in  tlie  leaves  gradually  narrowed  from  just  above  the  Imse. 
not  narrowed  and  acuminate  above,  in  tlie  longer  operculum,  the  teelh 
bordered  by  a  pellucid  margin,  and  the  appendicnlate  cilia.  The  species 
is  referred  by  liindberg  (Miisc.  Scand.  35)  to  II.  Mildeaniun,  Schimp. 

39.  H.  albicans,  Neck.  Diwcious  :  irregularly  cespitose  ; 
tufts  loose,  soft,  whitish  green  ;  stems  with  few  8imj)le  or  spar- 
ingly ramulose  branches,  terete :  leaves  close,  more  or  less 
densely  imbricate,  ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  short  sid)piIiform 
point,  sulcate,  costate  to  the  middle,  entire  or  subserrulate  at 


838 


BRYACEiE. 


[Itypnum. 


If 


tho  npex  ;  )M>riclut'tial  leavos  imrrowt'*!  into  ft  lonj;  filifonii  point : 
capHulc  siiimH,  ovate,  tiii'i{i<l,  liorixoiital  or  incliiu'd,  .sultci'iiiuoiis, 
bi'owii,  Ix'cotiiiiii^  black  wlien  ol<l ;  pfriMtoine  noriiial  ;  aiiiiiiluH 
narrow.  —  Mi'tli.  Miiwc.  IHO;  Miu'll.  Syn.  ii.  5J(I0.  Jirnchtjt/ie- 
cinni,  alfu'cuuH,  linivh  &  Scliinip.  Hryol  Eur.  t.  r»r>;{. 

IIah.  (inissy  Hiuidy  i^roiiiid  in  inoiintaiiiN;  Kucky  Moiiiitnlns  (llmir' 
Ovan)\  Uinta  Moiintuins,  uiul  (.'(fiir  tl'Aluiiu  JiUlte,  N.  lUuliu  (  Watmn). 

40.  H.    biventrosum,    Mui-ll.      Di<L'fious:    plants   small, 

lt)os('ly  c'l'spitosc,  l)ri<xlit  j^retdj  ;   branrlics  very  short,  slentler, 

ciu'vimI  :  stem-leaves  elose,  erect,  open,  sniall,  scarcely  Recurrent 

at  base,  ovate-acuminate,  not  plicate,  but  ventricose  at  base  on 

both  sides  of  the  costa,  recurve<l  on  the  borders  at  the  base 

only,  denticulate  all  around,  costate  to  the  middle  ;  alar  cells 

very  small,  chlorophyllose ;  iinier  perichiotial  leaves  sheathini^ 

at  base,  more  or  less  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  filiform  rcHexed 

point,  ecostatu:  capsule  small,  cylindrical-oblon*;,  not  curved; 

lid   conical,  very  shortly  apiculate ;   teeth   narrow ;  sci^uients 

split ;  cilia  rudimentary. —  Hull.  Ton*.  Club,  v.  41),  and  Kenensb. 

Flora,  Iviii.  1)0.     linichythecium  spieudens,  Aust.,  Coult.  Hot. 

Ga/.  ii.  111. 

Hah.     Deep  woods  uoar  Uatou  llouge,  Louisiana  {Joor);  on  ralnietto 
trunks,  St.  Augustine,  Floritia  {J.  Donnell  Smith). 
In  aspect  like  small  forms  of  II.  loitnm. 

41.  H.  Thedenii,  llartm.  Did'cious:  plants  slender,  loosely 
cespitose ;  stems  very  lontf,  creepinjij,  pinnately  ramulose  :  leaves 
loose,  erect,  open,  homoinallous  or  falcate-secund,  long,  filiform- 
acuminate  from  an  ovate-lanceolate  base,  obli(piely  uncinate, 
flexuous  above  when  dry,  serrulate  all  around,  plicate,  narrowly 
costate  to  below  the  apex ;  inner  pcriduetial  leaves  very  long, 
filiform-acuminate,  serrate :  capsule  abruptly  horizontal,  short- 
ovate,  turgid ;  operculum  convex-conical,  apiculate ;  |»eristome 
large ;  teeth  coarsely  articulate  .above ;  segments  and  cilia  (2) 
as  long  as  the  teeth,  the  latter  marked  with  ]»rominent  articula- 
tions ;  annulus  simple.  —  Skand.  Fl.  ed.  9, 11.  Brc(cJujthecium 
Thedenii.,  Urucli  &  Schimp.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  551.  //.  albicans^ 
var.  Thedenii^  llartm.  I.e.,  ed.  10,  15. 

IIau.     Erroll  Dam,  Androscoggin  River,  New  Hampshire  (James). 

42.  H.  Donnellii,  Aust.  Moncccious :  plants  small,  com- 
pressed, cespitose,  bright  or  yellowish  green,  shining ;  stems 
slender,  creeping,  flexuous,  with  short  thick  simple  brandies : 


ii 


m\ 


IIl/imum.\ 


DRY  ACE. E. 


88D 


k'iivc's  ovati'-laiu'coliito,  n.'irrowlv  aciuninati',  Htriat*',  very  ciitiic 
or  rart'ly  distantly  Hfrnilato  at  the  api-x,  Mlin;|itly  lalcati',  Inosily 
iiiiltricati' ;  conta  iian-ow,  i>tilar^i'<l  at  tlii'  Itasc,  vaiiisliiii^  in  tlie 
iniiMIe  ;  colls  of  the  areolatioii  lai';;(>,  the  uppi'i'  t'tisit'onii-aciite, 
till*  basilar  niinioroiis,  ((uadratc  ;  pcrii-lm'tial  Icavi's  small,  nearly 
similar,  ecostate :  capsule  Hhort-pedicelled,  very  small,  oval, 
siiMtori/.ontal  ;  operculiun  conical,  depressiMl  ;  inner  peristome 
short;  se^^nients  subentirc ;  cilia  imperfect  or  none.  —  Conlt. 
Hot.  (iaz.  iv.  IGli. 

Hah.  Hottci)  wuod,  roots  of  tntcs  and  slicll.s  uii  tlie  kIicII  nioiiiiil  of 
Cliiirlottu  ilui'bur  (rinu  I»]uiul),  Florida  (•/.  DomuU  Sutitli,  Annliit), 
Miii'cli. 

Tlu!  siinidn  short  crooplnp  st»'n>s,  and  tlio  small  stibhorizontiil  c.ipsulo 
arc  iHH'uliur  cliarat'lLTH  which  easily  scparutt*  tliin  s|>fci«>s  from  all  thu 
others  of  the  s^roiip.  At  llrst  siirht  it  rt'semiiles  //.  iiiictDrtii'iiiuii,  MiU'll., 
but  the  operculum  of  this  lust  species  is  lou^  rostrat«>-sui)uhite,  and  thu 
leaves  are  ecoslate.  The  basilar  (juadrale  areolatioii  of  the  leaves  is  also 
peculiar. 

48.  H.  COllinum,  Schleich.  IMono'cious :  plants  small,  in 
dense  hemispherical  bright  ujreen  tufts;  stems  creepini;,  densely 
radiculose,  ramulose  ;  branchlets  short  :  leaves  close,  ind»ricato 
or  subseeund,  lanceolate-acuminate  from  a  broadly  ovate  <leeply 
cordate  base,  concave,  serrulate  on  the  borders,  costate  to  the 
middle  ;  basilar  cells  lar«jer,  chlorophyllosc,  the  upper  hyaline  ; 
pericha'tial  leaves  abruptly  narrowed  into  a  short  narrow  point, 
ecostate  :  oi)erc»dum  highly  convex,  ol>tusely  acuminate  ;  ])eri- 
stonie  normal;  annulus  conipound.  —  3Iuell.  Syn.  ii.  4'J9. 
lirdchytheciuvi  coUinutn,  IJruch  &  Schimj).  IJryol.  Vaw.  t.  048. 

II  An.  Fissures  of  rocks  on  hii,'h  moiuitains;  Hocky  Mountains  (  Dnnn- 
mond);  Colorado  (l)ownie);  Nevada  [Wutnon);  Cascade  Mountains 
(L!/(dl). 

44.  H.  Utahense.  Syna?cious:  rcsemblin*;  the  last,  from 
which  it  differs  in  its  inflorescence,  its  smaller  size,  more  deli- 
cate texture,  the  oblonuf-lanceolate  leaves,  ami  the  erect  and 
symmetrical  cai)sule.  —  Urachytheciuni  Ut((/ienst',  James,  Ijot. 
King  Exp.  409. 

II AU.  On  sandstone  rocks,  overhanging  dry  streamlets  near  Hanging 
Rock  Station,  Echo  Cafion,  Utah  {Watson);  Uald  Mountain,  Western 
Mont<ana  ( IVatson). 

#  ♦  Pedicel  roufjh. 

45.  H.  velutinum,  Linn.  Monoecious :  plants  in  intricate 
drooping  tufts,  bright   or  yellowish   green  ;    stems  creei)ing, 


'Si 


I 


840 


DHYACE.E. 


[Ilt/i'tfim. 


'i 

it 


irn'^^iilaily  |»inu:itt'ly  riimuloHc  ;  lininclilotH  curv»'<l  at  tlu'  nprx: 
Ifavi'M  Hiilifalcati'-Mrciiihl,  ovatc-IaiHH'olati',  actiiniiiatc,  HiTiulatr, 
costati'  to  altovf  tin'  iiii«l<II«',  loosely  art'olat**  with  tVw  (|iiailniti'- 
oMoiiij  alar  ('('lis  ;  |»»'riclia'tial  Iravi-M  gradually  narrowi'cl  into  n 
loll;;  point,  coHtatc  :  caitsiilc  ('(•nitioiis  aii'l  liori/oiital,  turbid  or 
j;ilil)oiiM-<»vatt',  <'oiistri(t('(|  umlir  tlic  oriti***'  when  «Iry  ;  piMlit'cl 
|»iir)ili',  tiilu'rculatr  ;  li<l  lar^jc,  I'oiivrxconical,  apiciilatc ;  h»'l(- 
iiiciitH  pvi't'oratcil,  aii<l  cilia  as  loii;;  as  tlic  teeth  ;  aiiiiiiliis  revo- 
|i,|,l(.. —  SiMT.  1*1.  IPJl);  Ile.hv.  Muse.  Froii.I.  iv.  70,  t.  'J7. 
Jii'drln/tlii-iitnn  iHlntinuni,  llriich  &,  Scliimp.  Ifiyol.  Kiir.  t.  W.\><. 
II.  t/rrlirtnn,  .Mitt.,  .loiini.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  >V>\,  t.  (5. 

Il.vii.  Mniiiitiiiii  n';:ioiis,  uii  Hofl  loos<!  ciirlli  ill  Nliady  plarcfl;  iiioiin- 
tiiiiis  of  New  York,  VLTiiioiit,  etc.;  Peml  d'Oicille  JUver,  N.  Idaho 
( Lj/dll};  iiol  coiiiiiioii. 

A  vt'iy  Viiiialdc  H|)<M'i«'s;  ])laiit8  slondcr  or  robust;  stems  more  or  less 
ilivUI*'*!,  uiid  lliu  lii'iUU'lilftM  viiryiii;;  in  Icnutli;  Inivt-s  (Mohi!  or  iiioiu  dls- 
tiUit,  Itri^lit  t;ri>*'ii  or  yellow,  opaqiio  or  ^iosfly;  capsule  Hiib^lobose  or 
oldoiii,'.  on  a  sli»>rt  or  lon^;  pediecl,  etc.  Accorilinj;  to  Mitleii,  //.  ili  ell- 
mill  (lifTers  fn»in  the  normal  forms  merely  in  tho  thicker  more  scai)rons 
pedicel  and  the  capsule  pendulous  when  old,  cliaracters  which  in  RUcli 
polyniorphouH  spt'cies  cannot  he  considered  as  specific. 

4<'k  H.  Hillebrandi,  T.es'|.  Moiid'cious  :  jdants  Kiiiall,  ill 
dense  intricate  o;|(»ssy  yellowish  tiilts ;  stems  prostrate,  irreyii- 
larly  piiinately  rainul<ise  ;  branehes  short,  ra<lioulose  :  leaves  iiii- 
brieate,  erect,  rarely  sul»seemi<l,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  con- 
cave, costate  tothe  middle,  flat  or  slightly  reflexed  on  thehonh  is, 
serrulate  all  around  ;  alar  cells  numerous,  small,  (luadiate;  peri- 
clui'tial  leaves  ohloiiLT  at  base,  Ljracbially  short -acuminate,  pel- 
lucid, ecostato  and  nearly  entire  :  capsule  small,  erect,  turbid  at 
base,  obovate,  nearly  o<pial,  rarely  incliiie<l,  constricted  under 
the  broad  orifice  when  eini)ty  ;  pedicel  short,  1  cm.  loni;,  red- 
dish and  roujj^h  at  base,  yellowish  and  smooth  above  ;  oi>erculuMi 
short-conical,  obtuse,  apiculate;  peristome  normal ;  segments  and 
cilia  as  lonu;  as  the  teeth  ;  annulus  simple.  —  Mem.  Calif.  Acad, 
i.  .'{8.  lirachytheciam  Jlillebrwidi^  Sidliv.  Icon.  Miisc.  Suj'pl. 
9S,  t.  74. 

H.vn.     On  rocks,  Merced  River,  California  (liolander). 

47.  H.  Pendleri,  SuUiv.  &  Lesq.  Moiktcious  and  more 
generally  syiuecious:  jilanta  small,  densely  entanijied,  cespitose, 
]>ale  jjreen,  ujlossy ;  stems  ])rostrate,  radiculose,  closely  raniu- 
lose ;  branchlets  very  short,  terete-foliate :  leaves  erect,  ovate 
or  elliptical-lanceolate,  narrowed  into  a  somewhat  long  narrow 


Uyimuin,] 


IJUYACK.K. 


841 


point,  roucfivc,  Horruluto  and  rcciirvi'd  on  tlio  iMJnlci-M,  roxt.ito 
to  altovf  tlu'  niitMlf  ;  ct-l'i  vi-rv  n:in'n\vlv  liiu-iir,  <'iil;ii''('<l  at  tlio 
antxics ;  inner  piTiclui'tial  icavcH  oMunuS  aliniptly  lon^r.^ciniii. 
natc;  coHta  ahnoKt  none:  capsule  olilon;^,  reixnlar  and  Hiiliereet, 
or  slightly  inclinetl  an<l  more  convex  on  one  sitje,  on  a  purplu 
petlicel  roiiu[h  at  the  base  only;  lid  lari;e,  ohtnsely  lon^^-conical, 
constricti'd  in  tlic  middle,  niainillate  ;  teeth  densely  articitlate, 
liyaline-tnarLrinate ;  sei^ments  lari^e ;  cilia  solitary  and  short  or 
none;  annuliis  (hmhie,  revolnhle.  —  Mnsc.  Ilor.-Anier.  Kxsic<*. 
n.  '\'\{ ',  Siilliv.  .Mosses  <»t'  r.  States,  7<»,  and  Icon.  Mnsc.  |S<>, 
t.  117.  /.rsh-en  Fetnlht'i^  Sulliv.  Mem.  .\mer.  Acad.  iv.  Hi!), 
t.  1.     //.  rilnthiHhi^  var.  hu'irnrtd'/ttnit,  .Mitell.  Syn.  ii.  4(1(1. 

II.vn.     Oil  rooks  noiir  Siinta  Vo,  Now  .Mt-xlro  { l-'iinlhr). 

HemMithlcs  tlit>  lust  ill  si/(>  mill  iial)it,  but  in  «>!iHily  rcco^nl?.*')!  by  its 
longer  cnpHiilt*  aiitl  lon^or  oporciiliiiii;  tlio  hatiiiir  ccIN  art;  t'l'w  aiitl  largo 
In  this  species,  and  llic  pcristoiiui  Is  of  a  diffi'n'iit  cliaracter. 

4H.  H.  Bolanderi,  Les'i.  Diu'cions:  tufts  compact  or 
loose  and  widely  ex|»anded,  j)alo  ^reeii  ;  stems  irrei;ularly 
divided  ;  liranches  lonj;,  tlexuous  or  riyid,  sul»erect,  siihpimiati'ly 
ramulose:  leaves  open-erect,  ovate-lanceolate,  short-acuminate, 
flat  on  the  horders,  serrulate  all  around,  costate  to  ahove  the 
middle;  areolation  loose,  the  alar  cells  few,  distinct,  oldoiiix- 
(piadrate,  pelliu'id  ;  upper  |)erichjL'tial  leaves  hroa<lly  sheathinuf 
nt  base,  narrowed  into  a  tlexuous  or  reflexed  nerrulate  loni^ 
j)olnt,  ohsoletely  costato :  capsule  short-oval,  yihhoiis,  hori- 
zontal; operculum  short-conical,  brown,  tipped  with  black; 
pedicel  short,  blood-red,  arcuate  above,  rouufh  ;  scLrments  sjilit 
their  whole  lenujth  ;  cilia  two,  as  lonu^  as  the  seixments;  annulu» 
lan^e,  compound,  revoluble.  —  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  I'J  ; 
Sulliv.  it  LeH(|.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  U),  n.  ^O'J. 

IIaij.     On  the  ground,  under  Umhcllularid  CoUfurnlcn  (llohnvler). 

Willi  the  aspect  of  //.  SulUvantU,  but  distinguished  at  once  by  its  short- 
conical  operculum. 

41).  H.  Starkii,  Brid.  Mona'cious :  more  or  less  densely 
tufted ;  stems  prostrate,  branchinp: ;  brnnchlets  erect,  arcuate 
at  the  apex  :  stem-leaves  obcordate,  lanceolate-acuminate,  half- 
twisted  at  the  point,  those  of  the  branches  narrower,  all  <lccur- 
rent  at  the  basilar  concave  angles,  serrate,  costate  to  below  the 
point,  bright  green  and  glossy ;  meshes  of  the  areolation  loose, 
hexagonal-rhomboidal,  the  alar  large,  quadrate ;  i)erichaetial 
leaves  squarrose,  the  inner  ecostate,  pale :    capsule  abruptly 


; 


t  ■, 


Pfif? 


342 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ui/pnum. 


it!' 


MH. 


■r 


i 


horizontal,  short-ovate,  turgid,  solid,  lilack  when  old,  i»olished 
and  su1>gl<)l»ose  when  empty ;  lid  convex-eonleal ;  segments 
sj)lit  ()i)en;  cilia  apiKMidieulate;  annulus  large. —  Muse.  IJecent. 
ii.  2.  107.  Jiniclujthecium  SOxrkii^  Brueh  &  Schimp.  Uryol. 
Eur.  t.  541. 

II AH.     Mountains  of  New  England  (Oaken);  Pennsylvania  (James). 

Variable  in  its  more  or  less  robust  character  and  longer  subcreeping 
pinnately  ranmlose  stems.  In  its  slender  state  the  species  resembles  the 
next.     It  is  generally  of  a  darker  green  color. 

50.  H.  reflexum,  Starke.  Mona'cious :  entwining,  widely 
cespitose,  flat,  pale  or  yellowish  green  ;  stems  slender  long- 
procumbent,  more  or  less  pinnately  ramulose ;  branches  and 
branchlets  curved :  stem-leaves  more  distant,  spreading,  sub- 
secund  on  the  branchlets,  broadly  ovate,  more  or  less  abruptly 
subiiliform-acuminate,  decurrent  at  base,  miniitely  serrate  all 
around;  costa  subjuTcu.rent ;  alar  cells  looselj  oval-quadrate; 
perichfetial  leaves  ecostate  :  cajjsule  L-mall,  ovate-globose,  solid, 
abruj>tly  horizontal ;  operculum  convex-conical,  apiculate ;  seg- 
ments sjdit  nearly  their  whole  length ;  cilia  slenilor,  appendicu- 
late;  annulus  narrow.  —  \V».^>.  &  Mohr,  Bot.  Tasch.  306  and 
476;  Schwaegr.  Sup])l.  ii.  1.  161,  t.  143.  Brachythecium  re- 
^ffe.rian,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c,  t.  539.  II.  siibtenue,  James, 
Proc.  Acad.  Pliilad.  1855,  447. 

IlAn.  Gorham,  New  Hampshire  (J'ames);  Garrett  County,  Maryland 
(J.  Donnell  Smith). 

51.  H.  CBdipodium,  Mitt.  Monoecious :  stems  procum- 
bent, loosely  ces|)itose,  subpinnately  divided ;  branches  radicu- 
lose :  leaves  broadly  ovate-acuminate,  cost'^te  to  the  middle, 
serrulate  on  the  borders ;  cells  ot"  the  basal  angles  numerous, 
quadrate ;  i)ericha3tial  leaves  convolute,  broadly  elliptical-acumi- 
nate, s"rrulate  at  the  apex,  ecostate :  capside  inclined,  oval,  un- 
symmetrical ;  pedicel  thick,  minutely  scabrous ;  lid  conical ; 
])eristome  normal ;  cilia  two,  appendiculate.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
viii.  32,  t.  5. 

IlAn.  Lake  Huron  ( Todd) ;  Pack  River  and  Rocky  Mountains  (Lyall) ; 
Bitterroot  Mountains,  N.  W.  Montana  (  Watson). 

Like  //.  Starkii  in  the  thick  seta  and  appearance  of  the  capsule,  but 
the  leav  3  differ  in  texture,  and  in  drying  do  not  become  striated. 

52.  H.  rutabulum,  Linn.  Monoecious :  loosely  cespitose, 
bright  or  yellowish  green,  scarcely  glossy;  stems  prostrate, 
creeping ;  branches  and  branchlets  erect,  gradually  attenuate  to 


r^>V 


Hi/pmun.] 


BRYACE.E. 


343 


the  ajK'X' :  loaves  open,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  jTradiially  acu- 
minate, narrowed  and  cordate  at  l>ase,  not  inflated  at  the  anirles, 
obscurely  |tHeate,  serrate  all  around,  costate  to  above  the  mid- 
dle; areolation  loose,  rhomboidal,  the  alar  cells  lart^e,  the  basi- 
lar oblonuf  or  hexai^onal ;  jterichiutial  leaves  abruptly  narrowed 
into  a  filitorm  point,  retlexed  from  the  middle:  eajtsule  oblong 
or  ovate,  turgid,  subarcuate,  solid,  chestnut-color,  brown  when 
old;  pedicel  long  and  strong,  purjjle,  very  rough;  operculuiu 
large,  convex-conical,  aciuninate;  segments  split  in  the  middle; 
cilia  as  long  as  the  segments,  two  or  three,  not  appen<liculate  ; 
annulus  double.  —  Spec.  PI.  1124;  Hedw.  iMusc.  Frond,  iv.  2!), 
t.  12.  Jinichi/theciuni  ratal^iduui,  Ijruch  &  Schimj>.  ]>ryol. 
Eur.  t.  543. 

Var.  longisetum,  Ibid.  Stem  long,  subpinnately  ramu- 
lose,  loosely  foliate:  capsule  oblong,  subincurved  on  a  very  long 
slender  ]»edicel. 

Var.  flavescens,  Krid.  Stems  and  branches  very  long, 
prostrate,  fla'K'id  :  leaves  very  broad,  more  abruptly  acuminate, 
soft,  yellowish  green. 

Var.  plumulosum.  Small,  soft,  with  short  branchlets: 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  glossy.  —  liruch  & 
Schiinp.  1.  c,  as  liracJu/thecium. 

Var.  densum.  Branchlets  close:  leaves  crowded,  loosely 
imbricate,  dark  green  :  cajjsule  short-i>edicellate,  thick.  —  IJruch 
&  Schlmp.  1.  c. 

Var.  robustum.  Stems  prostrate,  long;  branches  and 
branchlets  stout:  leaves  close,  broader,  bright  green.  —  IJruch 
&  Schimp.  1.  c. 

IlAn.  Common  on  shaded  ground,  roots  of  trees,  and  stones;  plains 
and  mountains;  W.  Humboldt  Mountains,  Nevada  (  Watnon). 

A  very  variable  species,  often  confounded  with  //.  salebrnsum,  from 
which  it  differs  in  the  scarcely  plicate,  less  long-acuminate  and  less  glossy 
leaves,  and  the  very  scabrous  pedicel. 

53.  H.  asperrimum,  Mitt.  Closely  resembling  the  last, 
from  which  it  differs  in  the  dioecious  inflorescence,  the  stems 
more  rigid,  the  leaves  narrower,  oblong-lanc»  o! -te,  acuminate 
and  scarcely  plicate,  the  alar  cells  quadrate,  smaller,  less  numer- 
ous and  not  granulose,  the  pedicel  very  rough,  and  the  oper- 
culum abruptly  longer-apiculate.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  33, 
t.  6. 

Hab.    British  Columbia  (Douglas,  Lyall);  California  (Bolander). 


844 


BRYACE/E. 


[Tll/pmtm. 


Ir  f 


: 


54.  H.  Campestre,  IJmch.  Monopcious:  tufts  loose,  pale 
yellowish  green  or  yellow,  glossy ;  steins  j)rostrate  or  aseending, 
more  or  less  densely  branching  and  raniulose,  densely  foliate: 
leaves  erect,  open,  ovate-lanceolate,  subulate-acuminate,  serru- 
late, narrowly  costate  to  the  middle,  irregularly  j>licate,  glossy, 
the  pericluetial  abruptly  filiform-acuminate,  recurved  from  the 
middle:  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  cernuous  and  subarcuate ; 
pedicel  rough  in  the  ui)per  part  only;  annulus  simple;  o])er- 
cidum  and  i>eristome  as  in  //.  ratabalum.  —  //.  rutabuldm,  var. 
campestre^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  3G8.  Jirachythecium  cwiijjestre^ 
Bruch  &  Schimj).  liryol.  Eur.  t.  545. 

II Au.  White  Mountains,  fertile  (Oukes,  James);  SanJ  Lake,  Colorado 
(Ilai/den,  1873),  sterile;  Ca>ur  il'Alene  Lake,  N.  Idaho,  and  on  Kettle 
Itiver,  British  Columbia  (  Wntnon). 

55.  H.  NovaB-AngliaB,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  Dia'cious :  loosely 
and  widely  cespitose ;  tufts  rigid,  bright  green  outside,  dirty 
yellow  within ;  stems  subprostrate,  irregularly  subpinnately 
ramulose ;  branchlets  terete-foliate,  not  attenuated,  subjula- 
ceous :  leaves  erect,  incurved,  very  broadly  ovate,  decurrent, 
short,  narrowly  acuminate,  costate  to  the  middle,  serrulate  all 
around,  very  concave,  not  i)licate ;  areolation  narrowly  oblong- 
hexagonal,  shorter  and  broader  at  the  basilar  angles ;  i)erichai- 
tial  leaves  ovate,  abru|)tly  long-acuminate,  recurved  from  the 
middle,  subecostate :  capsule  oblong,  en.'ct,  slightly  curved ; 
pedicel  short,  very  rough,  purple;  operculum  long-conical,  acu- 
minate ;  jieristome  normal ;  annulus  double,  large.  —  Muse.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  338 ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  7G,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  191,  t.  118. 


Hah. 


Mountains  of  New  England. 


Resembles  the  following,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  smaller  size,  tufts 
more  compact  and  less  spreading,  leaves  more  compact  and  not  glossy  nor 
plicate,  areolation  shorter,  etc. 

56.  H.  rivulare,  Bruch,  Ms.  Dioecious,  the  male  plants 
smaller  :  tufts  thick,  dirty  green  ;  stems  prostrate,  hard,  woody, 
naked  or  radiculose ;  branches  ascending  or  erect,  subarcuate, 
diversely  ramulose  toward  the  apex :  leaves  open,  large,  broadly 
ovate,  abruptly  short-acuminate,  serrulate,  concave,  slightly  or 
not  at  all  sulcate,  flat  or  reflexed  on  the  borders,  narrowly  cos- 
tate to  above  the  middle  :  capsule  large,  ovate-oblong  or  turgid- 
ovate,  solid,  cernuous  and  horizontal ;  pedicel  thick  and  long, 
scabrous ;  peristome  normal ;  annulus.  double.  —  Lindb.  Muse. 


Ilypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


845 


Scand.  35.  JT.  chnjaostomumy  Miiell.  Syn.  ii.  301^,  not  Miclix. 
Urachytlieciiim  rii'nlnre,  JJruch  &>  Schiinp.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  r)40. 

Hau.  Swamps  ami  wet  gruiiiul,  in  woods  and  mountains;  not  com- 
mon.    N.  W.  Montana  (  Watnon). 

IJesembles  //.  rutnhitliim,  but  the  branches  are  stronger,  divide<l  near 
the  apex  and  often  den(h-oid,  tlie  leaves  broader,  glossy,  short-aciuninate, 
and  not  plicate,  llowei's  di<i'cious,  etc. 

57.  H.  populeum,  Iledw.  ^Moiupcious :  tufts  H.at,  i^reen, 
somewhat  glossy ;  stems  creeping ;  brandies  ami  hranchlets 
oreet  or  incurved,  attenuate  at  the  apex  :  leaves  ovate  and  ob- 
long, lanceolate,  gra<lually  long-acuminate,  c<mcave ;  borders 
flat,  serrulate  upward  ;  costa  ])ercurrent ;  areolation  very  nar- 
row ;  alar  and  basilar  cells  larger,  <pia(b'angul.'ir-oblong :  calyp- 
tra  large:  capsule  cernuous,  ovate,  turgid  or  gibbous,  inflated 
at  the  neck,  glossy,  conti'acted  under  the  oriflce  when  empty ; 
j>edicel  purple,  slightly  scabrous  above,  smooth  toward  the  base  ; 
segments  sj)! it ;  cilia  one  or  two,  short  or  unecpial,  appendicu- 
hite;  annulus  simple,  narrow,  persistent.  —  S])ec.  Muse.  270, 
t.  70.  //.  vii'i(k\  Lam. ;  Lindb.  Muse.  Scaiul.  35.  Jirachi/t/te- 
cium  popxleion,  liruch  &  Schimp.  Uryol.  Eur.  t.  535,  536.  Ji. 
plfwiosH))i^  var.  reffexunt^  Austin. 

Var.  majus.  3Iore  robust  and  densely  foliate :  leaves 
longer.  —  liruch  &'  Schimj).  1.  c,  as  Jir<(rhifthe<:it()n. 

Var.  longisetum.  Larger  and  more  rigid  :  leaves  erect  or 
subsecund  :  ca])sule  long-pedicellate.  —  Bruch  &  Schimp.  I.  c. 

Var.  SUbfalcatum.  Slender;  'oran^'ies  incurved:  leaves 
subfalcate,  soft,  glossy.  —  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c. 

Hah.  Plains  and  mountains  of  the  Atlantic  Slates;  mostly  on  granite 
boulders. 

58.  H.  plumosum,  Swartz.  ]\[o!i(L'cious :  plants  more 
robust  than  in  the  last ;  tufts  short,  dense,  yellowish  or  dirty 
green ;  stems  hard,  densely  ramose ;  brandies  mostly  8imj)le, 
ei  oct  or  arcuate,  densely  foliate,  pinnately  ramulose  :  leaves 
open  or  homomallous,  broadly  ovate  or  deltoid-ovate,  short, 
obliquely  acuminate,  entire,  solid,  shining,  costate  to  tlie  mid- 
dle :  capsule  slightly  longer  than  in  the  last,  but  of  the  same 
form,  light  brown,  black  when  old ;  pedicel  smooth  Vjelow  ; 
peristome  ]>erfect ;  cilia  two,  as  long  as  the  segments,  appendicu- 
late ;  annulus  simple  and  persistent.  —  Muse.  Suec.  66.  H. 
pseudo-pi umosutn,  Brid.  Muse.  Recent,  ii.  2.  108  ;  Muell.  Syn. 
ii.  350 ;  Lindb.  I.  c.    H.  chrysostomum^  Michx.  Fl.  Bor.-Am. 


'tyy$ 


;■   ( 


I  n  !      i  i 


w 


(  , 

i:    1 


:i  m 


U 


la 


'Kit 


& 


346 


BRYACE.E. 


[Tfypnum. 


ii.  310.  J^rac/n/thecium  plumosum^  Briich  &  Schimp.  Bryol. 
Eiir.  t.  5vi7. 

Var.  homomallum.  Small ;  branches  falcate :  leaves 
secimd,  narrower:  capsule  small,  ovate.  —  Briich  &  Schimj). 
1.  c,  as  liruchi/thechun, 

ILvn.  Moist  rocks  in  mountains,  and  borders  of  waterfalls;  South  and 
North;  cunnnon  and  varial)!*;. 

More  roi)Ust  than  the  last,  with  broader  and  shortei"-acuniinate  leaves, 
dirty  yellow;  capsule  longer;  habitat  suba^uatic. 

Subgenus  IX.     SCLEROPODIITM. 

IIal)it  and  mode  of  growth  of  BracJii/thecium.  Areolation 
still  narrower  vermicular,  much  enlarged  and  hyaline  at  the  de- 
current  base.  Flowers  dia'cious.  Capsule  suberect  or  ccrnuous, 
oblong-cylindrical  or  ovate,  more  or  less  incurved.  Pedicel 
rough.  Teeth  of  the  i)eristome  lamellate  on  the  inside ;  seg- 
ments split  on  the  keel ;  cilia  two  or  three,  as  long  as  the 
segments,  aj^pendiculate.  Annulus  double.  —  /Sderqpoiliumy 
Schimp. 

59.  H.  CSBSpitoSUm,  Wils.     Densely  cesi)ito8e,  the  tufts 

briglit  or  dirty  green,  soft ;  stems  rooting,  densely  ramulose ; 

branchlets  erect  or  incurved :  leaves  soft,  oj^en  or  subsecund, 

loosely  imbricate  when  dry,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  those 

of  the  branches  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  blunt  at  the  apex, 

all  concave,  minutely  serrulate  all  around,  costate  to  above  the 

middle,  the  costa  sometimes  forking :  capsule  suberect,  oblong- 

subcylindrical,  slightly  incurved ;  operculum  convex,  rostellate. 

—  Engl.   Bot.   Suppl.   t.   2878,   and   Bryol.   Brit.  344,  t.    55. 

Scleropodium  cmspitosum^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  556. 

Had.  On  the  ground,  and  upon  shaded  rocks  among  redwoods,  Cali- 
fornia (Boionder);  Alaska  (JieMofirj/);  not  common. 

60.  H.  Oalifornicum,  Lesq.  Differing  evidently  from  the 
last  in  its  loosely  intricate  tufts  and  slender  stems  with  long 
filiform  branches:  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  more  or  less  long- 
pointed,  mostly  entire,  rarely  or  slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex ; 
the  costa  longer,  vanishing  below  the  apex ;  basilar  cells  more 
numerous,  small,  nearly  square,  generally  filling  the  whole  base 
of  the  leaves:  capsule  longer,  cylindrical-oblong,  pale  green, 
subcernuous;  pedicel  longer,  rough  and  reddish  in  the  upper 


Ilyjmum,] 


miYACE.E. 


847 


part  only,  smooth  and  yellow  below ;  lid  large,  conical,  maniiU 
hile.  —  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soe.  xiii.  13. 

II AH.  On  rocks  aiul  dry  siuul,  near  the  bay  of  San  Francisco  ilio- 
l(iiiiler). 

01.  H.  illecebrum,  Schwaegr.  In  more  or  less  dense 
yellowish  or  dirty  green  tufts;  stems  irregularly  branching, 
8ul)|»innately  ramulose  ;  hranchlets  short,  arcuate,  turgid  and 
ohtuso  at  the  apex :  leaves  erect-spreading  when  moist,  ind)ri- 
cate  when  dry,  ovate,  with  a  sh()rt  recurved  acute  j)oint,  very 
concave,  minutely  serrate  at  the  apex,  shining;  costa  ascending 
to  above  the  middle,  rarely  forked  :  cajtsule  horizontal,  turgid, 
ovate,  brown,  often  of  two  colors;  pedicel  thick,  very  rough; 
ojierculum  convex-conical,  apiculate.  —  Sjtec.  ^lusc.  ii.  225. 
jSclerojxx/iion  illecehrwti,  liriu'h  &  Schimp.  liryol.  F^ur.  t.  557. 

Haij.  Sliatly  sandy  ground,  San  Francisco,  California  (Bolamler, 
Glbhons);  Alaska  (KflUxju). 

Very  variable;  secondary  stems  sometimes  dendroid. 


SuRGExus  X.    ISOTIIECIUM. 

Primary  stems  creeping,  the  secondary  erect,  more  or  less 
dendroid ;  branches  close,  fasciculate,  curved  on  one  side,  or 
flagellate  and  stolonifcrous.  Leaves  small,  close,  open  or  im- 
bricate when  dry,  ovate-oblong,  acute  or  acuminate,  rarely 
smooth,  more  or  less  distinctly  papillose  on  the  back,  costate  to 
the  middle  or  above ;  areolation  minute,  vermicular-oblong,  the 
basilar  short-angidar  or  ovate.  Inflorescence  dia'cious.  Capsule 
regular,  suberect,  oval-oblong.  Ojierculum  short-rostrate.  Pedi- 
cel smooth,  except  in  the  last  species. — Isothecium^  I>rid. 

The  type  of  this  subgenus  is  //.  myomroidPH,  placed  by  Schlmper  in 
Eurhynch'uim.  Some  of  the  American  species  described  liere  have  a 
marked  resemblance  to  that  moss,  differing  essentially  In  the  areolation 
being  slightly  papillose. 

62.  H.  myosuroides,  Linn.  Tufts  soft,  pale  green ; 
primary  stems  slender,  long-creeping  and  radiculose,  with  small 
leaves;  secondary  stems  erect,  branching  and  tree-like,  very 
ramulose,  flagelliform  ;  branches  and  branchlets  inclined  to  the 
same  side :  leaves  of  the  secondary  stem  spreading,  cordate- 
lanceolate  and  narrowly  acuminate,  the  rameal  gradually  nar- 
rower  and   oblong-lanceolate  to  lanceolate,  those   upon    the 


If*" 


.  i 

VI: 


r 
i! 


■  i. 


11 


i 


848 


UUVACKJi:. 


[Ilyimnm. 


branclilets  more  or  loss  distinct,  sometimos  sccund,  minutely 
serrnto  all  annm<l,  narrowly  oostatf  to  ahovc  the  nrhMk*,  con- 
cave at  the  angles;  areolation  very  close  and  narrow,  the  alar 
yellow  ;  iierichictial  leaves  sheathini^  at  liase,  i.hruittly  narrowed 
into  a  lonir  slender  recurved  tlexuous  point,  the  inner  only 
thinly  costate:  capsule  cernuous  or  suhhori/ontal  l>y  the  curv- 
iiitif  of  the  pedicel,  oval-ohlonu;;  operculum  short-rostrate;  cilia 
shorter  than  the  se^^nu'nts ;  annulus  lar<j;e.  —  S|>ec.  1*1.  IIIJO. 
Isot/ieciutn  nn/imuroiifis^  Hrid,  IJryol.  Univ.  ii.  8(11);  liryol.  Eur. 
t.  55J4.     KiirhiindiUuii  nn/oHi(roid(.\%  JSchimp.  Syn.  <)A\). 

Hah.  On  trci's;  Novji  JScotia  (Jatuvs);  White  Mountains  (Oafccs); 
California  ( //(>/(Oir/rc,  WntHttn);  Oivgon  (Hull). 

03.  H.  Stoloniferum,  II(M)k.  Kamification  as  in  the  last, 
the  i>lants  !j;enerally  larger ;  branch-leaves  more  crowded,  densely 
ind)ricate  when  dry,  more  elli|»tical,  minutely  j)apillose  on  the 
back,  costate  beyond  the  middle,  more  distinctly  serrate :  cap- 
sule dro()j»inii:;  cilia  as  lonij  as  the  scixments.  —  IMusc.  Exot. 
t.  74  ;  Mitt.  .lourn.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  .'U;  Les<i.  Mem.  Calif.  Acad, 
i.  31  ;  Sulliv.  &  Lescp  Muse.  IJor.-Am.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  4'J5. 
Isot/ieciiun  stolon f/enan,  IJrid.  1.  c.  371.  JI.  niyoauroiiles^  var. 
stoloniferum,  jNIuell.  Syn.  ii.  500. 

IlA«.  Coiuinon  on  tieos  upon  the  Pacific  Coast,  from  California  to 
Alaska  (Fort  ColviJle,  Walloon),  and  very  variable.  The  species  varies 
even  upon  the  same  tuft,  according  to  ilejiree  of  exposure  to  fog  and  wind. 
The  characters  of  the  next  five  species  cannot  be  considered  permanent. 

64.  H.  spiculiferum,  Mitt.  Leaves  (below  the  pcri- 
chnptium)  lanceolate-acuminate  from  a  cordate-ovate  base, 
smooth,  nerved  ior  three-fourths  of  the  length,  the  borders 
reflexed  below,  serrulate  above ;  np]ier  leaves  narrower,  papil- 
lose on  the  back,  those  of  the  branclilets  elliptical-lanceolate, 
very  acute,  concave,  acutely  papillose  on  the  back,  the  costa 
denticulate  at  the  apex,  and  the  borders  i)Iane  and  eerrulate; 
pericha^tial  leaves  erect,  oblono:  at  base,  serrulate,  recurved 
above,  costate  to  above  the  middle:  capsule  short-pedicelled, 
oblong,  subsymmetrical,  horizontal ;  operculum  conical ;  seg- 
ments cleft  between  the  articulations;  cilia  solitary.  —  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  34. 

Hab.     British  Columbia  (LyalU  BoxKjlan). 

Habit  of  H.  myosurnides,  with  the  branclilets  more  attenuated  and 
more  curved,  and  the  whole  plant  a  little  larger.  It  appears  to  differ  from 
H.  stoloniferum  in  its  more  slender  habit,  more  abundant  papillae  on  the 


IFi/pnwn.] 


nUYACE.K. 


849 


brnnch-leaves,  the  rcflftxed  margins  of  the  utotn-loavcs,  tlio  more  stroui^ly 
oim-iierviMl  periclKutltil  Iwives,  aiul  the  solitary  oiiiii.  —  {Mltlvn). 

«;">.  H.  aCUtiCUSpiS,  Mitt.  I.  c.  Loaves  loosely  iniltrioato; 
tli(»sc!  Ih'Iow  the  peric'liietimn  eordate-ov.ite,  narrowly  loii«.'. 
acuminate,  iniiiutely  serrulate  on  the  l»oi<U'rs,  nearly  smooth  at 
the  eus|»i(hit(!  apex,  with  a  very  short  ditTused  costa,  forkiniL;  or 
entire,  vanishinj^  in  the  michlle  ;  eellsof  the  hasal  angles  ohseiired 
or  dusky;  leaves  of  the  hranehlets  elliptieal-ovate,  acute,  ser- 
rulate, nerve«l  to  the  middle,  smooth  on  the  hack;  the  jteri- 
chu'tial  suhulato  from  an  ohloiiLj  ec<jstate  base,  recurved,  very 
entii'e:  capsule  on  a  short  pedicel,  oval,  inclined ;  lid  conical ; 
cilia  two,  siiorter. 

II AH.     IJritisIi  Coluinbia  {I)niifil(ts). 

Mitten,  wlio  had  seen  only  two  stems  of  this  moss,  says  that  It  may  ho 
II.  Ilrcwrriimiini,  Lt'scp,  but  tliat  tlit;  descriplion  of  tliat  species  is  not 
sulIicMently  i>omi)lute  to  l)e  (|uite  certain. 

()<>.  H.  Brewerianum,  Les-j.  In  com|)act  dark  tijreen  or 
yellowish  jj;reen  tufts;  stems  creepinjr,  sim|)le  at  hase,  radicti- 
lose,  fasciculately  branchini?  above;  branches  simple,  erect,  or 
subcurved,  jidaceous  when  <lrv,  narrowed  towar<l  the  base  or 
inHated  in  the  middle:  leaves  imbricate,  appressed  when  dry, 
open  when  damp,  those  of  the  stem  distant,  broadly  ovate- 
lanceolate,  lonij-acmuinate,  serridate  at  the  apex,  the  costa  dis- 
appearing in  the  middle;  branch-leaves  shorter  an<l  broa<ler, 
broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  short-acuminate,  shar])ly  serridato 
above,  costatii  to  above  the  middle;  areolatlon  at  base  ovate, 
obli(pie  and  irregular,  oval  in  the  middle,  l)roader  and  rhom- 
boidal-ol)tusc  toward  the  ajtex,  subpaplllose:  cajtsule  erect, 
cyHndrical-ovate,  turgid  below,  constricted  under  the  orifice; 
operculum  conical-rostellate  or  conical-acute ;  cilia  two,  robust, 
equal  to  the  segments.  —  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  12. 

Var.  lutescens.  Pale  dirty  yellow ;  branches  longer,  sto- 
loniferous:  periduetial  leaves  shorter,  acuminate,  serrulate; 
areolation  shorter  and  broader:  capsule  longer,  subcernuous; 
cilia  slender. 

II.\n.  Granite  rocks  near  Mission  Dolores  {liolander);  Monterey 
(If '(//.son);  Sierra  Nevada  {lirewer). 

The  color  of  the  plants,  due  to  exposure  to  the  sun,  the  compact  tufts, 
tlie  branches  nearly  simple,  rarely  attenuated  or  stoloniferous,  terete  or 
julaceous  by  the  imbrication  of  the  leaves,  the  capsule  somewhat  longer 
and  generally  erect,  are  the  essential  characters  separating  this  species 
from  II.  stolonij'erum. 


I 


350 


BRYACEvE. 


[llypnum. 


I.   : 


kf 


07.  H.  aggregatum,  Mitt.  l*riinary  stems  ciTcitiiiLf; 
branclu'S  erect,  elosely  jitrufres^ated,  simple,  ciirve<I,  attenuate: 
lower  leaves  s|»rea<liiijj;,  broadly  hastate,  ovate-aeuminate,  siib- 
ecostate;  those  on  the  mi(hlie  of  the  branehes  broadly  ovate; 
those  near  the  top  eostate-acuminate,  subjulaeeoiis,  iirdirieate, 
serrulate  toward  the  acute  apex,  the  medial  nerve  prominent; 
pericluetial  leaves  ovale-laaceolate,  actiminate,  nerved  to  the 
middle,  serrate  and  retlexed  at  the  apex  :  capsule  cylindrical, 
irre;j;ular,  inclined;  operculum  conical,  acuminate;  segments 
narrow;  cilia  solitary,  half  as  long  as  the  segments.  —  Juurn. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  Jia,  t.  0. 

Hah.     Vancouver'  Island  {Li/all);  British  Columbia  {Domjldft). 

Tlie  autlior  compan^s  it,  on  aocouut  of  liic  julaceou»  imbrioatiou  of  tlje 
leaves,  to  some  states  of  I'terotfoniiun  (jrdcUe,  while  other  stems  with  less 
iinbricat(!(l  leaves  have  a  resemblance  to  //.  myunun. 

68.  H.  aplocladum,  Mitt.  1.  c.  Stems  procumbent,  radic- 
ulose,  curved  downward  at  the  summit;  branches  few,  nearly 
simple,  often  attenuate,  recurved  at  the  apex  :  leaves  s]>reading, 
cuspidate,  imbricate,  on  the  upper  ])art  of  the  branches  ovate, 
acute,  very  entire,  costate  to  below  the  ]>oint;  those  at  the  top 
of  the  branches  broader,  more  obtuse,  serrulate ;  alar  cells  round- 
quadrate,  obscure,  the  upper  oblong;  perichtetial  leaves  long, 
erect,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  nerved  to  above  the  middle, 
serrulate  at  the  a]>ex:  ca|)sule  suberect,  oval-cylindrical ;  oi)er- 
culum  convex,  acuminate ;  pedicel  long,  nearly  smooth. 

Hah.     Northwest  coast  of  America  (Doiujlas). 

Mitten  states  that  it  is  not  unlike  //.  acuminatum,  Beauv.,  but  tliat  the 
leaves  are  quite  smooth  and  the  habit  appears  to  be  different.  The  rough- 
ness of  the  pedicel  is  so  slight  that  it  is  seen  only  when  specially  sought. 

09.  H.  lentum,  Mitt.  Dia'cious:  leaves  spreading,  loosely 
imbricate,  cuspidate-imbricatc  at  the  top  of  the  branches,  the 
lower  broader  and  shorter,  in  the  middle  ovate  and  shoi't- 
acuminate,  those  of  the  branchlets  ovate-lanceolate  or  at  the 
ai)ex  broader  and  more  obtuse,  narrowly  serrulate,  costate  to 
above  the  middle ;  cells  at  the  basal  angles  broader,  mixed  with 
narrow  ones,  and  with  thickish  walls,  the  upper  narrow ;  peri- 
cluDtial  leaves  ecostate,  clasping  at  base,  serrulate,  recurved, 
entire  at  the  apex  :  capsule  oval-cylindrical,  suberect,  irregular ; 
pedicel  rough ;  segments  solid,  with  single  cilia  equalling  them 
in  length ;  membrane  produced  to  one-third  the  length  of  the 
teeth.  —  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  36. 


Ut/pnum.] 


BKYACE.E. 


351 


IIaij.     Northwest  coast  of  America  (UomjlaH). 

Differs  from  //.  mtloclndnm  in  its  n-nj^u  nedicel  and  hroatier  leaves,  the 
poriehii'tiai  spread  in;:.  A  few  fra;;inenls  of  lliis  sjieeies  only  have  been 
seen.  It  ai>p«>ars  to  i)e  aixxit  tin!  si/.e  of  th(>  eoininon  //.  niifuniin.  Tlie 
seuhroiis  seta  of  tills  moss  may  he  eonsidered  a  new  fealine  in  the  suh- 
fjenns  to  which  it  is  here  referred,  hut  after  <'onsiderai  ion  of  the  characters 
which  constitute  the  ;j;roup  Inothccinin,  it  l)i!eoines  evident  that  it  cannob 
be  delined  distinctly  from  the  groups  Jirar/ii/theciuiu  and  Sclfropudium 
of  Schlmper.  —  (Mitten.) 

SiiMJKNUs  XI.  EUUIIVNCIIirM.  (PI.  0.) 
Plants  more  or  less  distinctly  |)iiuiatc'-ranuilosc'.  Leavos 
open,  rarely  siibsecund,  conlate  at  base  and  deeiirrent,  broadly 
ovate  or  oblonj^,  acuminate,  serrate  all  around,  costate,  sulv 
scarlous,  rarely  soft;  cells  smooth,  or  slij^htly  iiajdllose  in  some 
American  species,  narrowly  rhomboidal,  subvermicular,  enlarged 
at  the  basal  angles.  Perichtetial  bnd  rooting.  Calyptra  fuga- 
cious. Capsule  on  a  rough  or  smooth  pe«licel,  cernuous  or 
horizontal,  oval-oblong.  Operculum  more  or  less  long-rostratc. 
Peristome  of  JJracht/thecium.  Annulus  compotmd,  rarely  none. 
—  Eurhynchhnn.,  Schimp. 

#  Leaves  narrowhf  areolate,  ffhssi/,  strittte. 
•h-  Pedicel  smooth  ;  Jioicers  momecions  or  pseudo-tnoncecious. 

70.  H.  StrigOSUm,  Iloffm.  In  loose  flat  mats  or  in  dense 
inflated  tufts;  primary  steins  creeping,  stoloniferous,  with  dis- 
tant leaves,  the  secondary  j)rostrate  or  erect,  ramulose ;  branch- 
lets  gradually  attenuate,  sometimes  flagelliform :  leaves  open, 
ovate  or  triangular-lanceolate  upon  the  branchlets  and  gradually 
narrowly  acnminate,  those  of  the  small  branchlets  short  and 
less  acute,  or  blunt  at  the  apex  ;  ])araphyllia  small,  round-ovate  ; 
cells  narrowly  rhomboidal,  the  alar  oval-(iua«b"ate  and  larger: 
flowers  pseudo-monoecious;  annual  buds  of  male  flowers,  con- 
taining antheridia  without  paraphyses,  adhering  to  the  radicles 
of  fertile  plants;  perichajtial  leaves  abruj)tly  narrowed  into  a 
long  filiform  flexuous  point,  with  a  thin  costa  or  ecostate:  cap- 
sule cernuous  and  subhorizontal,  oval-oblong  or  suljcylindrical, 
broadly  annulate ;  operculum  rostrate,  convex  at  base ;  teeth 
narrowly  lamellose  inside ;  cilia  two,  slender,  not  appendiculate, 
a  little  shorter  than  the  segments.  —  Deutschl.  Fl.  ii.  76.    H. 


'  'i 


852 


BHYACE.E. 


[lll/pnum. 


i 


»|i. 


yii 


^1 


pnk'hellnm^  TI(m1w.  Spec.  3Iusc.  *1{\\  t.  fiS.  Eurhynchium 
8tri(/osH>n,  nnifh  it  Si'ltiiii)).  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  >t\\). 

II All,     Mitiily  siiiidy  i;n)Uiitl,  in  hilly  n-^'lutis  and  niuiintuitiH;  c-uinmon. 

71.  H.  diverslfolium,  Sthimp.  Mm.     iMuch  like  the  last; 

tuftH  inoiv  coinpact,  dirty  yt'llow,  Mtoloiiit'tTous;  lu-anclit's  aii<l 

brauclilcts  shorli-r,  ort'ct,  julaceous:  ln-aiu'h-lcavt'H  closer,  those 

of  the  braiichlels  ovate,  ohtuse,  narrowly  eostatc  or  ceostate, 

more    distinctly    serrulate;    i»erichjetial    leaves    Hul»H(iuarrose, 

ceostate.  —  KiirlnfncUhun    dlvevsifoliiiiH^    IJrnch    &    Schiinp. 

JJryol.  Kiir.  t.  i")'JO.     //.  striyosnm^  var.  diiHrni/oliutfi,  Linilh. 

iVIiisc.  Scand.  .•]4. 

Haii.  Dry  sandy  lillh,  under  chestnut  trees,  Ohio  (Ltsf/Hcn «/); 
shaded  bunks,  New  .Jersey  {Aiititin). 

7'J.  H.  Boscii,  Schwacjjjr.  I'laiits  robust,  in  wide  loose  dark 
sjfolden  yellow  mats;  steins  prostrate,  subpinnatcly  branchin;^; 
branches  mostly  sinij)le,  obtuse,  tur<;id,  terete-foliate :  leaves 
closely  imbricate,  claspinu;  at  base,  oblon;j;-ovate,  narrowe«l  to  a 
twisted  filiform  point,  ccjclil  iform,  concave,  scarious,  shinin<^, 
shortly  bicostate  or  siin|>ly  costate  to  the  inid<lle;  areolation 
narrowly  linear,  the  basilar  cells  shorter,  thick,  yellowish  brown; 
j)ericluetial  leaves  narrowly  lonu;-acuminate,  the  inner  erect : 
capsule  oblouif,  erect-incurved,  amndate;  segments  more  or  less 
split;  cilia  three,  solid,  and  nearly  as  long.  —  Suppl.  1.  2.  Iili3 ; 
SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  70,  and  Icon.  Muse.  1G7, 1. 106.  J/. 
illecebrut)),  Iledw.  Sjiec.  Muse.  'J52,  t.  GO,  excl.  syn. 

II.M*.  On  tl»e  ground  and  on  sandstone  roclts  in  liilly  wooded  districts; 
not  unconnnon,  but  rarely  in  fruit. 

This  fine  moss  is  without  close  analogy  to  any  other  species. 

••-  ■♦-  Pedicel  rouyh. 

73.  H.  COlpophyllum,  Sulliv.  Ms.  Tufts  soft,  wide, 
dirty  green;  stems  prostrate;  branchlets  close,  erect,  tumid: 
leaves  scarious,  open,  loosely  incumbent,  ovate,  concave, 
abruptly  acuminate,  blunt  at  the  ajjex  ;  costa  stout,  i)rominent 
on  the  back,  abruptly  disappearmg  above  the  middle  and 
tootheu  at  the  apex  ;  areolation  long-linear,  acutely  hexagonal, 
the  alar  and  basilar  cells  nearly  similar:  capsule  cylindrical- 
oblong,  slightly  incurved,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when 
em])ty ;  operculum  conical  at  base,  rostrate  ;  peristome  normal ; 
annulus  double.  —  Eurhynchium  colpophyllum,  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Suppl.  95,  t.  71. 


Ujfpnum.\ 


nUYACE.E. 


353 


Ham.    rftllfornia  {Uif/dmr,  \M4). 

Siiiiiliir  to  tilt'  Kiin»|M'im  //.  rriinxliurrhDii,  dUTorln'^'  ospoclally  In  tho 
Hrai'ioiiH  li*av*'M  with  »  slioitcr  hliiiil  point,  tli*^  costii  nol  lliii  k,  luni  tlic 
ai'uoliilioii  loii^iT  uitil  niiri'owt'r,  tli«>  pniflia'tial  Iouvoh  couHtatc,  and  tiiu 
ca|)siil«!  I()ii;;i'r  ati<l  olilon^r-cylliiilrlcal. 

74.  H.  piliferum,  Sclin-h.  IMrmts  in'«'t;iil:ifly  aiitl  luoMcIy 
cc's|iittts(';  stems  Ioiilj,  tK-xiious,  |>n»stratc,  in'cu;iil:irly  lif.iiicliiiii;, 
Hiil»|)iiiii;itflv  rittiiiilosc,  without  r.'ulicU's:  Icavt's  stuiu'U  lial  luusc, 
t'i'cct,  ()|»«'n,  ov!itc'-!»l»l()iiir,  iilini|itly  nairowctl  into  a  lon^;  iian»»\v 
flcxiioiis  point,  coiH'.ivc,  tln'  Itasilar  anj^lcs  Ion;;,  (Icciin-iiit,  jk-I- 
lii('i<l;  the  Ixti'dcr  iiiiiiiitcly  scrnilati'  .'ill  tii'otiini ;  |>cri<'h:i'tial 
K'avi's  si|MaiTiilos(',  siihi'costat*' :  capsiilt'  IcmiLr-lHMJiccIiatc,  oval- 
ubloiii;  or  cyrnKlfical,  ai'ciiatc,  const rictctl  under  the  orilic*'  and 
very  ar<Miat«'  whi-n  einpty ;  o|t('r«'tiliiin  larLfc,  with  a  loni; 
inciirvi'tl  Iteak  from  a  hiyii  convi-x  base;  )>cristom«'  lari^c;  teeth 
lonu;  sennients  lonij-stiltulate  ;  cilia  two  or  three,  slender,  nearly 
ns  Ion;;  as  the  se^jments,  not  appendiciilate.  —  S|ticil.  Fl.  Li|»s. 
91;  Ifedw.  Alitsc.  Frond,  iv.  3.'>,  t.  14;  Sitlliv.  Mosses  of  L^ 
States,  10.").     iLiii'hi/nchifiui  pillfet'inny  Hriich  &,  Schimj).  nryol. 

Etif.  t.  rwu. 

II All.     Meadows,  bortlors  of  woods;  raro  In  fruit. 

75.  H.  prSBlongUm,  Liim.  Mnch  like  tho  l.-ist,  diffi'ring 
ill  its  wide  tlat  loose  hriuht  or  d.'irk  i;reen  in.'its,  the  stems  very 
slender,  |)r()strate  their  whole  leni;th,  the  le.aves  serrulate  all 
ftroiuid,  the  jiericluetial  very  narrowly  eostate,  the  seoinents 
perforated  and  not  s])lit  open,  and  the  cilia  apjiendiciiljite. — 
Spec.  1*1.  112');  Iledw.  1.  e.  7(5,  t.  'Jl>.  li/ii/Hc/iostt't/hnn  pi'ft- 
lonf/uu},  DeXot.'iris,  IJriol.  Ital.  HO.  J'Ji/r/i>//tc/iiwii  pntloftf/toH, 
Unich  &  Schimi).  Hryol.  Eur.  t.  r)-J4. 

JIah.  Brilisli  Columbia  {Lyull),  as  quoted  by  Mitten,  who  makes  it 
the  equivalent  of  //.  Stnkeaii, 

A  species  very  difficult  to  separate  from  If.  himm.  which  appears  to  l)e 
an  American  variety  of  it.  The  true  //.  pral(»i</iiiii  lias  scarcely  Ijeen 
found  on  this  continent;  at  least  we  have  seen  nothini?  referable  to  it. 

76.  H.  SuUivantii,  Spmoo,  Ms.  Plants  small,  densely 
ccspitose  or  loosely  intricate,  pale  green,  dirty  yellow  below  ; 
stems  slender,  siibfastigiately  ramtilose,  tlie  branchlets  erect : 
leaves  erect,  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  concave 
and  recurved  on  the  borders  at  base,  sparsely  papillose  on  the 
back,  eostate  to  above  the  middle ;  cells  minute,  flexuous,  linear, 
obtuse,  those  of  the  angles  subquadrate;    perichaBtial   leaves 


wii 


854 


BUYACE/K. 


\Ilui>nHm. 


It 


'  r' 


\\ 


oblotit;,  slicatliiiii;  at  hnHc,  n!irn>vv«'(l  to  a  (Hiform  flcxuoiis  point, 
HiiliccoMtatc :  ('a|)sul(!  oval-ol)lon<^,  ;;il)l)oiiH-ovatc ;  opcrciiliiin 
conical,  hliort-rost rate;  pcriHtonic  iiornial ;  antiuliis  Himpli',  pcr- 
MiMtcnt.  — Siilliv.  .Muse.  Jk>  Ilcpat.  of  N«>rtli.  V.  States  (ISJH, 
correction),  .Moshch  of  U.  States,  ()l),  ami  Icon.  Mnsc.  Kii),  t. 
10').     JI.  i>roh>tnjKiHy  SnIIiv.,  (iray's  .Manual,  ed.  1,  070. 

Il.vii.     Oil  the  ^roKiid  In  thu  iimiKiiiM  of  wontlliiinlH,  l>y  ItrookH,  <>tc. 

liilfriiKMlliilt'  iH'twt'cii  //.  itntUtuunm  iiiiil  //.  \Vhit>iiUiiHiiiii,  tlitTcsriiip; 
from  llif  iirst  in  its  Hliorh'i'(»pt!t-ciiliiiii,  un*l  llic  Hlftitli'ily  aiMiiiiiiiiit«>  Iciiv*'h, 
scircoly  inipillosi;  on  tlit>  Imck.  In  //.  W'/iipplvnniim,  tli(>  cxaiiniiliilu  ciip- 
Bul(!  U  iibniplly  liori/.ontal,  tlio  lid  Ih  sliorU^r  ami  conlciil-iipUMiliiU',  iiiul 
the  It^avcs  of  a  tlilckrr  tt-xlurc,  stron^^ly  papillose,  und  with  a  thick  pcl- 
luohl  costa  rt'ariiiii!^  iwaily  to  tin*  apex. 

77.  H.  hians,  Ilethv.  IMants«le|>resse(l,cespitose,  yellowish 
green,  sliininix;  stems  with  few  hranches,  tlexuous,  creepinu:; 
l)raiichlets  distichous,  short,  nearly  simple:  leaves  loose,  flat  or 
sprcadinjx,  cordate-ovate,  more  or  less  loni;-polnte(l,  ]»latio-con- 
cnve,  recurve(l  on  the  borders,  serrulate  oidy  above,  narrowly 
cost.'ite  to  above  the  middle;  areolation  lotju;,  hexaironal ;  ]>eri- 
clijvtial  leaves  lonir,  Jiarrowly  short-acuminate,  sharply  serrate 
nt  the  apex,  s(|uarrose,  the  inner  subecostate:  vai;inule  hirsute 
])y  lonj;  protrudint;  para|>hyses:  capsule  oval-obloni;,  cernuous, 
subincurved ;  lid  lonsx,  subulate-rostrate  from  a  cofivex-conicnl 
base;  teeth  prominently  lamellose  inside;  sej^ments  as  lon<;  as 
the  teeth,  cleft ;  cilia  two,  a  little  shorter  than  the  scijments. — 
Sj)ec.  Muse.  272,  t.  70;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  V.  States,  (i(>,  and 
Icon.  Muse.  108,  t.  104.  PteritpfnmHh'um  apicKhitum^  Brid. 
Muse.  Hecent.  Sui)pl.  i.  187.  J/.  2>r((rlon(/uni,  Muell.  Syn.  ii. 
440,  in  part. 
II An.    Moist  shady  hanks,  hillsides  In  woods;  common. 

7H.  H.  Stokesii,  Turn.  Tufts  rigid,  som<'what  inflated, 
bright  or  dirty  green  ;  stem  thick,  solid  ;  branches  simple  below, 
densely  pinnate  and  bipinnate  above  with  stout  8imi)le  rigid 
sqnarrose-foliate  branchlets:  stem-leaves  <listant,  divaricate  and 
recurved,  costate,  acuminate,  excavate  at  the  decurrent  angles, 
those  of  the  branchlets  smaller,  erect-spreading,  broadly  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  all  narrowly  costate  to  below  the  point, 
sharply  serrate  all  around ;  perichjetiiim  sqnarrose,  the  inner 
leaves  long,  filiform-acuminate,  serrate,  ecostate :  capsule  hori- 
zontal, subpendent  when  dry,  oblong  or  oval,  subcylindrieal  and 
constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry  and  empty ;  operculum 


llypnum.] 


imVACK.K 


800 


lonft'-roKtrato  from  n  coni<'nl  Ihihc,  tho  Hulmlatf  ln-ak  tiinu-*! 
iipwanl;  |)«riHtuiiu'  luul  atiiiiiltis  as  in  //.  jtt'<i/nnf/ntn,  —  .Miisj". 
IIil>.  I't'J,  t.  i.'>.  //.  pnt/oHi/inn,  var.  iSfa/o.Hii\  Ili'nI.  1.  c.  ii.  I(>;{. 
J'Jin'ht/iir/iiiini  Stnkmii^  Hnicli  &,  Scliimp.  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  .'i"J(J. 


1 1  All.    Sliiuly 


TO.  H. 


KriiMsy 

Oreganum 


llMH'M,    NoilllWI'Stt'l'll   AllK'flr 


a;  cotiiiiiDii. 


Siilliv.     Closi'ly  aHifil  to  tin-  last,  dif- 


fcriiii^  111  the  plantH  hv'xu)*  liirt;«'r,  iiiorr  rolmst,  vi-ry  IniiiLr  aii<l 
t'i'i'('|iiiiii;,  oiH'c  or  twico  Itraiiclii'tl,  rcixnlaily  ami  closrly  |iinii;itt'Iy 
ramulosf,  tlio  k'nvoH  tliiimi'r  aixl  Hrnu'r,  with  loiiijrr  ami  iiar- 
ro\vi>r  ari'olatioM,  tho  Itasal  antics  iiol  ko  iinicli  cxcavatctl,  aii«l 
tlu'  pcriclia'ti.il  Icavfs  rctlcxt'd  (not  siin|»ly  s|ir('ii(Iintr).  —  .Mtin. 
Anu-r.  Acad.  iv.  17li  (1H41)),  Jmd  Hot.   Wilkes  Kx|.»'d.  Muse. 

1(5,  t.  la,  n. 

ILvu.    P.igol .Sound  ( I'ick'erin'j,  LynU) ;  Culifoiiiiii  ( lliiji  low,  oto. ). 

Siiu.Exrs  XII.     nAPIIIDOSTKfiirM. 

Goncrally  small,  droopinj^-cospitosc,  irrci^iilarly  ramose  nnd 
rainnlosc.  Leaves  spreading;,  flossy,  open  .all  an)Mml  or  snl>- 
ficc'und,  those  of  the  liranehes  and  stems  similar,  ohlony-laneeo- 
late,  animin.'ite,  ecostate  or  shc'tly  hieost.ate  at  base;  borders 
rcrtexed;  aroolation  minnte,  linear,  flexuons,  with  Ji  to  5  cells  ;it 
the  basal  angles  oblong  and  inflated.  Capsule  cernuous,  hori- 
zontal or  Hiiberect,  oval-oblong.  Operculum  long-subulate,  ros-^ 
tratc.     Pedicel  generally  smooth. 

SO.  H.  demissum,  Wils.  Moncrcious  :  tufts  small,  yellow^ 
ish  or  dirty  green :  leaves  imbricate,  compressed,  or  subsecund, 
ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  ecostate,  marked  at  base  ]»y  two 
short  strliP,  very  entire ;  basilar  cells  yellow ;  pericluetium  closely 
imbricate:  capsule  incline<l,  small,  horizontal,  oval-oblong,  yel- 
low, exannulate,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  empty; 
operculum  large,  with  n  slender  beak  as  long  as  the  sporangium ; 
IHMlicel  very  slender,  curved  above;  teeth  orange.  —  P^ngl.  Hot. 
Suppl.  t.  2740.  lihynchostegium  demisaiim,,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  507. 

Var.  Garolinianum.  Branches  longer,  flaccid,  dirty 
green  :  leaves  revolute  on  the  borders  all  around.  —  //.  demis- 
8ttm,  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  48.  7/.  Cdroliniamwi,  Muell. 
Syn.  ii.  327.  //  demiasum^  var.,  Sulliv.  &  Lcsq.  Muse.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  298'*- 


'^ 


'■SI'". 


'     'IS 


I) 


Itlr}! 


Ifll 


Ifl 


If 


f    ':  .iJ'fcHi 


m 

k 


m 


S5G 


BRYACE^. 


[ITypnum. 


Viw.  Marylandicum.  ^Nlore  rol>nst,  green  ;  liranchc's  suIj- 
cuspidiitu  Jit  the  npcx:  K'livt's  broiidly  ovate-aeuininate,  with 
Itordcrs  erect:  pedicel  much  stouter;  capsule  oblong,  sub- 
ccrnuous,  coiitracted  at  tlie  orilice.  —  I/,  dctnissuin,  var.,  SuUiv. 
Muse.  Aileuli.  n.  4U;  «ulliv.  &  Lesq.  1.  c,  n.  2l)8''-  //.  Mary- 
lidndcaw,  Muell.  I.  c,  .'J-JS. 

Haii.  Wot  rocks  in  the  mountains,  and  borders  of  streams,  in  the 
Soutlu'Mi  Sta'i's;  soiiietlnjes  innnersed. 

SI.  H.  Novee-CesareeB,  Austin.  Ditecious:  in  glossy 
yellow  Hat  j»at(lies;  stems  j)rostrate,  slender,  filiform,  with  few 
short  simple  subereet  branches:  lower  leaves  spreading,  the 
ujtper  appressed  and  subsecund,  roundish-apiculate,  concave,  ser- 
rulate, obscurely  two-nerved  at  base,  the  margins  slightly 
retlexed  below:  fruit  unknown.  —  Muse.  Api>al.  n.  440.  II. 
miatHs,  Wils.  in  Hook.  JJrit.  F\.  ii.  80,  not  Swartz.  Chrt/so- 
hi'ipon  nifca/ts,  Lindb. ;  SuUiv.  Icon.  Muse.  8uppl.  91,  t.  07. 
IiU)/)ichosteyium  JVov(e-Cesare(e,  Austin  in  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz. 
i.  )io. 

IJau.  On  roclvs  subject  to  inundation,  in  mountain  rivulets;  Sliawan- 
gunlc  Mountain,  New  Jersey  (Auntin)',  Alh?ghany  Mountains,  Pennsyl- 
vania (  Wolle,  li(iii). 

8*2.  H.  recurvans,  Scliwaegr.  Dicecious:  in  wide  de- 
jtressed  pale  green  or  yellowish  brown  tufts;  stems  j)rostrate, 
re(hlisl),  pimiately  and  densely  ramulose ;  branchlets  piano-fol- 
iate: leaves  close,  imbricate,  secund,  thin,  SDft,  pale,  concave, 
ovate-lanceolate,  filiform-acuminate,  serrulate  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowly recurved,  obsoletely  bicostate;  cells  of  the  basal  angles 
dirty  yellow;  perichtetial  leaves  gradually  long-acuminate,  serru- 
late at  the  apex  :  capsule  short,  turgid,  oblong,  inclined,  slightly 
incurved,  exannulate  ;  operculum  more  or  less  long-rostrate  f;-om 
a  conical  base ;  teeth  and  segments  large ;  cilia  two,  stout,  nearly 
as  long.  — Sui)pl.  i.  L>.  l>8l),  and  ii.  1. 103,  t.  140;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  U.  States,  71,  and  Icon.  Muse.  177,  t.  3.  J^eskea  recicrvans, 
and  L.  sqiiarrosa,  ]Michx.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  311,  312. 

II. in.  On  trees  and  decayed  logs  in  mountain  districts;  very  common, 
and  variable  in  size. 

83.  H.  cylindricarpum,  Muell.  Dicecious:  in  flat  broad 
intricate  mats,  green  passing  to  dirty  yelloAv;  stems  slender, 
creeping,  with  few  branches,  pinnately  ramulose ;  branchlets 
slender:  leaves  compressed,  two-ranked,  or  falcate-secund,  nar- 
rowly oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  concave,  sharply  serrate  at 


Ilyimuin.] 


BRYACE.E. 


357 


cs 
•n- 


riy 


the  apex  ;  borders  recurved  below  ;  alar  cells  larti^e,  sulKpiadrate, 
vesieulose,  the  upper  hyaline ;  perieluetial  leaves  loosely  iinhri- 
cate,  erect,  the  inner  i^radually  narrowed  to  a  tiliforiu  eoaisely 
dentate  point :  capsule  lonij,  cylindrical-oblonuj,  rei^ular,  erect  or 
sliu^htly  inclined;  operculum  obliijue-conical,  Ion <^f-rost rate  ;  cilia 
none  or  rudinu'iitary ;  annulus  none.  —  Syn.  ii,  .'iOS;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  71,  and  Icon.  Muse.  173,  t.  101).  Lefikea 
tenuirostrLs,  Schinii).  Ms.;  Sulliv.  in  (Jray's  M;inua!,  ed.  1,  (KIS. 
II AU.  On  decayed  loys  iu  woods;  New  Jersey  to  Ohio  and  south waril; 
not  coramon. 

84.  H.  microcarpum,  Muell.  Moncccious :  in  very  small 
intricate  tufts,  8hinin<:;  trreen  or  golden  tinted  ;  stt'ms  j)rostrate, 
with  short  recm  \  .mI  or  incurved  branches:  leaves  clos*,',  sul>- 
homomallous,  narrowly  obloM<;-laiu'eolate,  short-acuminate,  sub- 
serrulate  at  the  aj)ex,  marked  with  two  basilar  short  striie; 
areolation  loose,  linear-fusiform,  the  alar  cells  much  lari;er,  the 
uj)per  quadrate,  the  lower  8  to  5  on  each  side  oblom;,  inHated, 
yellow;  perichjelial  leaves obloni^-acuminate:  calyptra  persistent, 
descending  to  below  the  orifice  of  the  capsule:  capsule  very 
small,  oval  or  oblong,  erect,  thin,  slightly  constricted  under  the 
red  orifice  when  dry;  operculum  long,  subulate-rostrate  from  a 
dei)ressed  conical  base;  teeth  marked  by  a  distiiu't  divisional 
line;  cilia  simi»le,  short,  half  as  long  as  the  scgnu'Uts ;  antuilus 
none.  —  Syn.  ii.  320;  Sulliv.  ]\Iosses  of  U.  States,  71,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  175,  t.  110.     Lbsken  mhiata^  ^Michx.  1.  c.  314. 

Var.  anisocarpon,  Sulliv.  Capsule  subhorizontal,  unsym- 
metrical,  sho't,  oblong  or  subovate,  gradually  narrowi'd  at  base, 
turbinate  and  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  diy.  —  Icon. 
Muse.  175.     II.  admLdnni,  Sulliv.  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  v.  2s0. 

IlAn.  On  trees,  in  the  Southern  States,  very  eotinnon  and  variable; 
cedar  swamps,  Ohio.  Tlie  variety  in  Cuba  [Wi-i'j]it)\  New  Jersey 
(AnHtin). 

85.  H.  Jamesii.  Monoecious:  plants  very  small,  dejiressed, 
pale  or  dirty  green,  glossy;  stems  slender,  creejting,  subpin- 
nately  ramulose ;  branchlets  short,  horizontal,  more  or  less 
recurved  :  leaves  somewhat  distant,  Hattened,  the  lateral  sjiread- 
ing,  ovate  at  base,  gradually  narrowed  into  a  long  filiform  point, 
not  costate ;  borders  flat  or  reflexed  above,  subrevolutc  on  one 
side  toward  the  base,  denticulate  above,  not  costate  or  obso- 
letely  costate  at  base;  alar  cells  few,  oval  o:*  linear,  obtuse, 
somewhat  inflated ;  perichajtial  leaves  short-acuminate,  denticu- 


358 


BRYACE^. 


[Uypnum 


i,i 


U' 


i 


t 


late  at  the  apex,  tlie  iii)i)er  tubulose :  capsule  oblong-ovate» 
iiieliiied,  dilati'd  at  the  orifice  and  cylindrical-oblong  when  dry' 
opeiculuin  rostellate  from  a  conical  base;  segjnents  slightly 
open  bt'tween  the  articulations,  a  little  longer  than  the  solitary 
cilia ;  aniuilus  Hini])le,  large.  —  Iiluptchoste<jium  Jamesii,  SuUiv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  1)2,  t.  (J8;  Austin,  Coult.  I3ot.  Gaz.  i.  31. 
Hah.     Krroll  Dam,  Androscoggin  River,  New  IIain])shire  (Jauws). 

80.  H.  laxepatulum.  Like  the  last  in  habit,  size  and  color, 
differing  the  open  leaves  two-ranked  an<]  coniprcssed,  sjtinose- 
denticulaic  toward  the  apex,  the  alar  cells  twice  as  large  and 
the  lowest  vesicular,  the  caj)sule  shorter,  pyriform  when  dry 
and  much  dilated  at  the  orifice,  the  operculum  twice  as  long 
and  acutely  rostrate,  the  teeth  rugose-] >ajiillose  at  the  aj»ex,  the 
segnu'Uts  entire,  and  the  cilia  none  or  rudimentary:  perhaps 
dhecious,  the  male  flowers  being  unknown.  —  Ji/iync/ioster/iu.hi 
dtliriituhiin,  James ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suj)i)l.  93,  t.  09 ;  Austin, 

|.p.i«U.  ,    _ 

Hau.     Same  as  the  last  (Jamen). 

Sun.iKNLs  XIII.  KIIVXCIIOSTEGIUM.  (PI.  0.) 
Plants  larger  than  in  JiajJiidotfteffittm,  the  stems  ])rostrate, 
irregularly  dividi'd,  more  or  less  com|)ressed.  Leaves  often 
two-ranked,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  unicostato  or  shortly 
bicostate ;  areolation  somewhat  loose,  elougated-rluunboidal. 
Capsule  oval,  inclined  and  cernuous.  Lid  rostrate.  —  llhyii- 
chosteglum^  Schimp. 

87.  H.  geophilum,  Aust.  ]\[s.  Tufts  thin,  very  soft  and 
loose,  bluish  or  yt'Uowish  green,  very  glossy:  leaves  fiat,  disti- 
chous, somewhat  distant,  horizontally  spreading,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, ta])ering  to  a  blunt  |»oint,  distantly  serrulate,  bicostulate  ; 
areolation  long,  narrow,  fiexuous,  the  alar  cells  few,  not  hya- 
line :  capsule  small,  thin,  short,  ovate-gibbous  ;  operculum  coni- 
cal, long-rostrate,  the  beak  turned  upward  or  downward  ;  seg- 
ments narrow,  linear ;  cilia  two  or  three,  nearly  as  long  as  the 
segments,  some  of  them  unequal;  annulus  large,  comjiound.  — 
M/u/nchosteffiiim  f/eophilio-n^  Aust.  Muse.  Ajipal.  n.  845  ;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  94,  t.  70.  //  ikj>ressi(t7i,  Janies,  Proc. 
Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  xiii.  114,  not  Swartz ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq,  Must?. 
Bor.-xVmer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  437. 


"^ 


Uj/pnuiii.] 


BRYACE.E. 


359 


IIau.  Clayey  shaded  ground,  New  Jersey  (^l«sfi>i);  Pennsylvania 
(Juines);  New  York  (Peck). 

88.  H.  deplanatum,  Sohi;np.  Ms.  Dia'cious :  fertile 
jilaiits  smiill,  the  sterile  larger;  tufts  flattened  to  the  grouiul, 
pale  green,  or  yellowish  brown  in  dry  places;  stems  with  few 
branches,  irregularly  or  subpinnately  raniulose,  branches  and 
branchlets  closely  adhering  to  the  ground  by  radicles,  like  the 
j)riniary  steins  :  leaves  t^vo-ranked,  imbricate,  ovate-lanceolate, 
gradually  acuminate,  thin,  concave,  serrulati'  all  around,  the 
costa  short-obs(jlete  or  none  ;  cells  linear,  fusifc^rm,  flexuous,  the 
basilar  enlarged,  sinular :  capsule  oval-oblong,  nearly  regular, 
cernuous,  arched,  plicate,  constricted  under  the  enlarged  oiitice 
and  turbinate  when  dry;  peristome  as  in  the  last  species;  annu- 
lus  none.  —  SuUiv.  Muse.  AUegh.  n.  50,  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
70,  and  Icon.  Muse.  171,  t.  108. 

I^AU.  Dry  woods  in  close  thin  mats  upon  clayoy  ground,  stones,  or 
roots  of  frees;  coiniiMtii,  lnit  very  rarely  fruiting.     Male  (lowers  unknown. 

HI).  H.  serrulatum,  llcdw.  Moufccious :  plants  widely 
expanded,  pale  green;  stems  closely  creeping,  long-branching; 
branchlets  distant,  distichous  or  subpinnate  :  leaves  two-i'anked, 
thin,  flat,  very  ojjen,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  scri-ulate 
above,  thinly  costate  to  above  tlie  middle;  arcolation  loose, 
long-rhomboidal,  similar  at  the  base;  jiei'icha  tial  leaves  oblong, 
scarious,  whitish,  costate,  abruptly  acuminate,  flexuous  at  the 
apex  :  capsule  oblong,  long-pedicellate,  cernuous,  incurv<'d  ;  lid 
lt)ng-rostrate,  conical  at  base;  segments  as  long  as  the  teeth; 
cilia  two  or  three,  a  little  shorter ;  amudus  very  large,  com- 
pouiul.  —  Spec.  Muse.  '238,  *..  (30  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States, 
70,  and  Icon.  Muse.  IGO,  t.  107. 

IIau.  On  the  ground  in  dry  woods,  in  loose  thin  mats,  usually  over 
decayed  leaves.     Closely  allied  to  //.  confertum,  Dicks. 

90.  H.  rUSCiforme,  Weis.  Plants  loosely  intricate,  cespi- 
tose,  pendent  or  floating,  rigid,  dark  or-dirty  green  ;  stems  pros- 
trate; branches  erect,  incurved:  leaves  open,  tenacious,  nar- 
rowed at  base,  ovate,  broadly  ol)long,  acuminate,  gradually 
smaUcr  toward  the  apex  of  the  branches,  distinctly  serrulate, 
costate  to  below  the  point ;  arcolation  narrowly  rliond)oidal ; 
alar  cells  long-oval  or  linear,  obtuse  ;  pe -icha'tial  leaves  ecos- 
tate,  the  upper  lialf-sheathing,  abruptly  acuminate:  cajtsule 
ovate,  cernuous  or  subincurved,  with  a  short  distiru't  neck,  solid, 
constricted  under  the  oriflce  when  dry ;  operculum  large,  solid, 


•^i 


i-ii 


mm 


'f  ,ri»r" 


3G0 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ill/pnum. 


yr 

-"i?r 

i        ^l" 

«■■ 

: 

^'  fc' 

1           m 

ll       .1 

;          f 

i  i 
-'  1 

f/: 

ll 


I    '1 


I.  ..J 


long-rostrate ;  teeth  dark  orange ;  cilia  two  or  three,  unecjual ; 
annulus  large.  —  Crypt.  Gott.  '2'li).  II,  riparioides^  lledw. 
Muse.  Frond,  iv.  10,  t.  4.  li/iipichostcfjium  ru6ciforme,  Briieh 
tfc  Sehini|>.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  515,  510. 

Var.  Atlanticum.  Stems  very  long:  leaves  longer,  sul>- 
seeund,  short-aemninate,  obscurely  striate,  dirty  green,  glossy. 
—  13rueh  &  Schinij).  1.  e.,  as  lUujnchostei/iutn. 

Var.  inundatum.  Stems  luueh  divided,  tlexuous,  prostrate, 
densely  foliate  :  leaves  ovate-oblong,  gradually  narrowed  :  ea])- 
sule  sliort-pedieelled,  arcuate,  thick.  —  Bruch  tfc  Scliimi).  1.  c. 

IIau.     Stones  and  wood,  in  running  water;  plains  and  mountains. 

01.  H.  CUrvisetum,  IJrid.  Mona'cious:  loosely  depressed- 
cespitose,  dark  green,  irregularly  branching  and  ramulose ; 
branchlets  rigid,  sj)reading,  incurved:  leaves  erect-spreading, 
striate,  those  of  the  stems  and  lower  part  of  branches  distant, 
the  terminal  crowded,  lanceolate  and  narrowly  oblong-lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  concave,  costate  to  the  middle,  more  or  less 
distinctly  serrulate ;  cells  elongated-rhomboidal,  the  basilar  in 
three  or  four  rows,  oblong,  obtuse,  hyaline;  pericha'tial  leaves 
few,  ecostate,  long  lanceolate-acuminate  :  capsule  solid,  oval  or 
ol)long,  with  a  distinct  collum,  horizontal ;  j)edicel  flexuous, 
rough ;  operculum  yellow,  long-subulate,  rostrate ;  cilia  nearly 
as  long  as  the  segments,  simple  or  geminate.  —  Muse,  liecent. 
8u])pl.  ii.  Ill  ;  Lindb.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xiii.  68.  lihynchoste- 
ghnn  IWsdalii,,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  509,  excl.  syn. 

IIau.     Fairn-")unt  Park,  Pluladelphla  (James). 

/Species  insirfficiently  knoicin  and  not  certainly  referable  to  this 

stibyenus. 

02.  H.  Oaloosiense,  Aust,  Monoecious :  prostrate,  the 
stems  intricate,  6  to  8  c.m.  long,  subninnately  branching:  leaves 
subilnttened,  broadly  obliquely  ovate,  subacuminate,  the  borders 
j)lane,  obsoletely  serrulate  toward  the  apex ;  costa  geminate, 
distinct  to  near  the  middle  ;  areolation  loose,  rhomboidal,  fusi- 
form ;  ]>araphyllia  long-sul)ulatc,  subfasciculate :  capsule  broadly 
oval,  j)endent  on  a  short  smooth  pedicel,  much  constricted 
under  the  orifice  when  dry,  obtuse  at  base :  flowers  small.  — 
Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  iv.  IGl. 

Hab.    Low  hummocks  on  the  Caloosahachee  River  (,7".  D.  Smith, 
Austin). 
Somewhat  like  H.  dejAanatum  and  II.  micans,  but  readily  distinguished 


Uypnuni.] 


BKYACE.E. 


361 


from  the  first  by  Its  mona^cious  inflorescenco,  short  poliiti'd  entire  leaves, 
ami  much  lonjjer  ciilire  pariiphyllia;  from  the  sccoiul  l)y  its  more  obso- 
letely  serrated  leaves,  and  by  tlie  presence  of  piiraphyllia;  from  both  by  its 
darker  yreen  color,  more  copiously  branched  stems,  and  much  more  loosely 
areolated  leaves,  the  longer  costa,  and  the  pendulous  capsule.  —  (AuHliit.) 

Uii.  H.  Roy 89,  Aust,  D'ui'fious :  stonis  ri^iitl,  slciidcr,  with 
few  suhcompri'ssc'd  branches  :  leaves  scattered,  halt-open,  f)\  ate 
or  ovate-huiceolate,  sliarply  acuminate,  somewhat  concave, 
flat  and  minutely  serrate  on  the  borders,  costate  to  above  tho 
mi(hlle  ;  cells  oval  and  obh^ng,  rhomboi«hil ;  periclwetial  leaves 
long-subulate,  acuminate  from  an  oblong-ovate  base,  ecostate, 
subserrato  at  the  ai»ex,  scjuarrose.  —  Coult.  Bot.  (taz.  iii.  HI. 

IIau.     California  {Mrtf.  Jcsttie  lioy). 

02.  H.  Brandegei,  Aust.  1.  c.  Densely  cespitose,  yellowish 
green  ;  stems  erect,  nearly  simple,  slightly  tumid  and  com- 
pressed :  leaves  imbricate,  broadly  ovate,  concave,  2-o-plicate, 
abru]»tly  short-subulate  or  filiform,  acuminate,  flat  on  the  bor- 
ders, entire  or  obscurely  serrate  ;  costa  simple  or  forking,  reach- 
ing the  middle  ;  cells  narrowly  oblong,  fusiform,  strict,  the  basi- 
lar a  little  longer,  short. 

Hab.     Colorado  [lirnadeuce). 

The  author  compares  it  with  II.  mvrale,  IT.  piliferum,  II.  Colorndense, 
and  even  with  //.  (icniiiinatiim,  thus  showing  the  uselessness  of  descrip- 
tions made  from  incomplete  specimens. 


SunGENus  XIV.    TIIAMNIUM.     (PI.  G.) 

Plants  dendroid  from  a  subterranean  rhizome-like  stem; 
secondary  stems  erect,  solid,  woody,  with  distichous  or  fascicu- 
late apical  branches  and  branchlets.  Leaves  8-ranked,  those  of 
the  primary  stems  and  of  the  lower  part  of  the  secondary  very 
small,  distant,  scarious,  appressed,  the  up]icr  gradually  larger, 
green,  loosely  imbricate,  ovate-lanceolate,  coarsely  dentate  or 
serrate  at  the  apex ;  areolation  dense,  narrowly  linear,  jiellucid 
at  the  base,  gradually  shorter-rectangular  upward,  minutely 
rhomboidal-quadrate  and  chlorophylloso  toward  the  apex. 
Calyptra  covering  the  capsule  to  the  middle.  Capsules  gen- 
erally clustered,  ovate-oblong,  horizontal  by  the  curving  of  the 
short  arcuate  smooth  pedicel.  Operculum  long-rostrate.  Peri- 
stome large ;  segments  as  long  as  the  teeth,  cleft  between  tho 


l^f  .r0f 


362 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ilypnum. 


I 


II 


1"^ 


II    h 


articulations ;  cilia  2  or  3,  lon<^,  aj)i)enilicul  '  o.    Aniiulus  nar- 
row.—  Thcumiiumy  Schini]). 

95.  H.  Alleghaniense,  Mucll.  Plants  green  :  leaves  of 
the  branches  and  hranchlets  erec't-H})rea(ling,  oblong-elliptieal, 
broad  and  short-pointed,  the  perichietial  erect,  narrowly  acumi- 
nate, ecostate :  flowers  syncecious  and  niona'cious :  cai)sule 
8hort-|)edicelle<l,  with  a  broad  orifice ;  annulus  sinijile.  —  Syn. 
ii.  5()'J  ;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  09,  and  Icon.  Muse.  1(31, 
t.  103.  JL  neckti'oides^  Hook.  &  Wils.  in  Drunini.  Muse.  Anier. 
(Coll.  II.),  n.  1 19.  Thatnidum  Alleghaniense,  Bruch  &  Schini]). 
Bryol.  Eur.  'J'hamniurn,  4. 

II An.  lioeky  and  sluuly  banks;  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Arkansas;  St. 
Louis  (Dnunmond).  Tliougli  not  common,  it  is  widely  distributed,  most- 
ly in  the  plains,  along  rocky  limestone  creeks. 

90.  H.  neckeroides,  Hook.  Differs  from  the  last  in  the 
broad  sheathing  acuminate  and  reflexed  })erichiUtial  leaves,  and 
the  dioecious  inflorescence.  —  Muse.  Exot.  t.  58.  //  Nec/cera, 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.  2,  t.  288.  Thamniiun  neckeroides,  Bruch 
&  Schim|).  1.  c. 

ILvn.     Northwest  coast  (Menzicn). 

97.  H.  Blgelovii,  Sulliv.  DicBcious:  branchletsflat:  leaves 
bright  green,  shining  and  striate  when  dry,  two-ranked,  si>read- 
ing,  oblong-acuminate,  flat  and  serrate  at  the  iJi)ex,  the  borders 
inflexed  on  one  side ;  ap. olation  parenchymatose  ;  perichaitial 
leaves  lanceolate,  linear-acuminate,  serrate  above,  costate  :  cap- 
sule oval,  distinctly  necked ;  pedicel  thick,  arcuate  above ; 
inner  membrane  very  large ;  cilia  two,  appendiculate ;  annulus 
large,  comixmnd.  —  Pacif.  It.  liep.  iv.  189,  t.  9. 

II An.  Valloys  of  the  Coast  Ranges,  and  mountains  of  California 
{Biyeloio,  Bolander), 

SuBcjENus  XV.  PLAGIOTHECIUM.  (PI.  0.) 
Plants  jiartly  prostrate,  irregularly  brandling  and  ramulose, 
stoloniferous,  rooting,  soft  and  variable  in  size.  Leaves  thin, 
glossy,  mostly  entire;  costa  none,  or  double,  very  short  and 
thin ;  areolation  long  and  narrowly  rhomboidal-hexagonal, 
larger  at  the  base,  sparingly  chloro})hyllose.  Flowers  monav 
cious,  rarely  dioecious  ;  jiericha^tium  sheathing,  radiculoso  at 
base;    vaginule    smooth.      Calyptra  very  narrow,   fugacious. 


Jll/pnuin.] 


BUYACE.E. 


303 


Capstilc  siil)crcct,  obrKpie  or  subhorlzontal,  oval-ohloni;,  some- 
what incurvt'd  or  {uvuale,  sliort-necked,  thin,  smooth,  rari'Iy 
sulfate  when  dry.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  whitish.  —  IHayio- 
thcciuni^  Schimp. 

*   Tctth  of  tlie  im'istome  distanthj  articulate  ;  cilia  none. 
■h-  J'^lowers  dioicions. 

9H.  H.  latebriCOla,  Lindh.  Ms.  IMants  small,  oespltiilosc, 
yellowish  or  hrinht  i^reen,  shiiiiiitj;;  stems  short,  very  slender, 
ascendiiii;,  spariiii^ly  hranehini^,  radieulose  at  V)ase  :  leaves  loose, 
ereet-s|>readini;,  ovate-laneeolate,  lont:f-acuminate,  deeurrent,  very 
entire,  slij^htly  coneave,  reeurve<l  on  the  borders,  obsoletely  two- 
nerved  ;  areolation  \o\v^  and  narrow;  inner  perieluetial  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  erect :  eajtside  very  small,  snbereet,  oval  or 
obloni;,  tapering  to  the  base,  thin,  with  a  broad  orifice  and  sub- 
turbinate  when  <lry ;  o])oreulnm  large,  apiculate  or  short-ros- 
trate from  a  tumid  ccmical  base  ;  teeth  whitish  ;  segments  as 
long  as  the  teeth,  entire,  narrow,  liyaline-punctate;  annulus 
narrow.  —  Leskea  latebricola^  Wils.  Bryol.  IJrit.  829,  t..  54. 
IHagiothtciiini  lattbricola^  liruch  &  Schimj).  IJryol.  Eur. 
t.  494 ;  Lindb.  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  3"J.  11.  scituluni,  Aust., 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vi.  44  (':*),  described  from  a  sterile  specimen 
found  mixed  with  JI.  ISprucei  in  Drunnnoiurs  Mosses  of  British 
America  (n.  190). 

Ha».  Hoots  and  stumps  in  swamps;  New  Jersey  and  New  York 
(Au>itin). 

99.  H.  PaSSaicense.  Differs  from  tlie  last  merely  in  the 
abruptly  acuminate  perichietial  leaves,  very  entire  or  erose- 
denticulatc  at  the  apex,  and  the  basilar  areolation  of  the  leaves 
with  shorter  cells,  the  cells  not  inflated  nor  the  leaves  deeurrent ; 
stem-Jeaves  triangular-lanceolate  and  subcanaliculate-concave.  — 
Phujiothecium  denticnlatnm^  var.  l(Ptutn,  Aust.  3Iusc.  Appal, 
n.  8G'2,     P.  Passaicense.,  Aust.,  IJull.  Torr.  Club.  v.  24. 

Hab.  On  rocks,  in  mountain  districts;  New  Jfirsoy  (Austin),  sterile; 
Bencvillc,  Caniida  (Maconn),  fruiting, 

Tlie  autlior  rcniiirlts  tliat  it  resembles  //.  pnlchvllum,  and  IT.  laiebvi- 
cnhi,  but  tliat  it  is  smaller  than  eitlier  and  the  smallest  of  the  suljgenus. 
The  characters  Indicated  as  specific,  or  as  different  from  tiiosc  of  //.  htle- 
brici)l(t,  are  not  snlticiently  marked,  as  in  this  last  x|(ccios  the  base  of  the 
leaves  is  often  truncate  instead  of  deeurrent,  and  the  basal  cells  not  in- 
flated but  only  (juadrate. 


'  tl 


*i( 


ft  "ft 


■I 


r  n 


r 

If'' 

rm 

i 

f  I 


3G4 


IJUYACE.E. 


[////i)num. 


IS 


hII 


)!! 


•♦-•f-  Flowers  moiuecious  or  di<vcioua. 

100.  H.  trichophorum,  Spnicf.  Tufts  white,  <lark  ^reen  ; 
jdjiiit.s  j>r()!stratt',  iiiui'li  braiuhtMl :  leaves  dihtichous,  tlatleiit'd, 
ovate  or  obloiisf,  coiieave,  lilit'onii-ajtieulate,  irrej^ularly  uinlulate» 
plicate  leiii^tljwise,  recurved,  entire  on  the  hortlers,  marked  at 
l)ase  hy  donl)le  short  striiu  instead  of  nerves;  areohition  loose, 
liyaHne;  perieha'tial  leaves  llliforni,  acuminate,  tlexuous  at  tho 
apex  :  capsule  suberect  or  suhincurved,  ohlontj,  a  little  con- 
stricted under  the  orilice  when  dry  and  cmjtty,  sliyhtly  inllated 
at  the  colluin,  brown,  darker  when  old;  oj)erculum  conical,  in- 
flated at  base,  muticous ;  peristome  pale,  soft,  the  teeth  linear- 
lanceolate,  sometimes  bilid  or  inegularly  jterforated  at  the  ajiex, 
the  sei^ments  split  or  lacerated  between  the  articulations,  whit- 
ish when  dry,  hyaline  when  moist;  annulus  of  a  triple  series  of 
small  cells  remainini^  attached  to  the  lid.  —  Ann.  Mau;.  Nat.  Hist, 
ser.  8,  iii.  270.  Laakea  pilifera^  Swart/,  Summ.  Vet;.  Scand.  41. 
PliKjiotheciiuu  }nliftram^  JJruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  41)0. 
//  dcnticulatuin.,  var.  Donianuni,  Druimnond  Muse.  Amer. 
n.  105. 

IIau.    rortagc  lliver,  British  America  (Brnmmoml) ;  Oregon  (IInU). 

*  #   Teeth  more  densehf  urticuhite  ;  Ixisilar  membrane  broader , 
se(jme)its  with  intermediate  cilia :  leaves  two-ranked. 

101.  H.  pulchellum,  Dicks.  Mon<ecious:  jilants  small, 
densely  cespitulose,  glossy  green ;  branches  crowded,  erect, 
fastigiate :  leaves  crowde<l,  subcomplanate,  secund,  lanceolate 
or  gradually  tapering  from  the  base  to  an  rcute  jioint,  entire, 
ecostate  :  capsule  suberect,  oblong  or  obovate;  operculum  short, 
conical,  obtusely  apiculate;  peristome  ])alo  yellow;  cilia  two, 
a  little  shorter  than  the  segments.  —  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  18,  t.  5. 
Z,eskea  jiulcliella^  lTedw\  Sjjcc.  Muse.  220,  t.  55.  Plagiotheciu.n 
judc/iclhan,  IJruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  497.  Stereodon 
pukhellus^  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  39.  Plaffiotheciiua 
nitidum^  var  subercctum.,  Lindb.  Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  84. 

Var.  nitidulum.  Plants  slightly  stronger  and  less  comi)act : 
leaves  longer  and  long-acuminate :  capsule  thicker,  o\ite-oblong, 
inclined  or  subcernnous.  —  IT.  nitidulum.,  Wahl.  Fl.  Lapp.  370. 
Pbtf/iothecium  nitidulum^  Brucli  ifc  Schim]».  1.  c,  t.  498.  P. 
nitidttm.,  Lindb.  1.  c.  Isopterygium  nitidum^  Lindb.  Muse. 
Scand.  39. 


i! 


"^ 


//(//)  nu»j.] 


HHVACE.E. 


80 


i) 


IIau.  Itorky  Mountains  ( /)r»(»nno»i(/).  Tlio  variety  on  mots  of  trci's 
near  t  lie  ground  ;  N\'\v  Voikir.  //.  I'l  <•!>•,  .\itslin)\  lAul  (  olville  (L/zk//). 
Also  a  I'oriii  from  Davis  Straits  ( 'lui/lur),  atronliiig  to  Mitt«>n. 

102.  H.  geminum.  MoiKLrious:  hram-lii'MiiMct'iKliiig,  inti'f- 
ImcoiI  :  liMvis  ov.'iti'  <tr  oviiti'-aciimiiiati',  <>|ic'ii,  variously  curvi'il, 
Hultscciiinl  or  Miiltfalcatc,  tlii'  l»(»nlrrs  luiimtcly  sorrulati'  or  onlirr  ; 
costa  thick,  ascfiKliiiu;  to  tlii'  njnldlc  ;  cells  loiisjf  and  narrow,  a 
few  of  tlicm  shorter  at  hasc  ;  pcricha'tial  leaves  erect,  the  inner 
l>roa(ler  an<l  longer,  short-acuminate  :  cajisule  oval-cylindrical, 
suherect,  jiradiially  narrowi'«l  at  the  neck;  seiLjinents  narrow; 
Cilia  two,  nearly  as  loni^,  —  Stci'toilon  yeminns^  Milt.  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  viii.  :{!),  t.  7. 

II.Mi.  Kdcky  Mountains,  at  0,(X)()  toS,(KJOf('(>t  allltiitlt';  associated  with 
tlie  last  ( Ltinll). 

Sonicwliat  Iik(!  //.  piilcfirHioii,  Imt  witli  li  avos  nioro  lijradiially  narrn\V(Hl 
from  a  wider  l)ase,  the  tliin  ImiI  l)roa(l  nerve  eontiniietl  to  tlie  middle,  iho 
niarj^iiw  moro  or  less  evidently  serrulate  lioni  the  hase  to  the  apex,  and 
the  cells  only  half  as  lonj^  anil  narrower.  —  ( .l//7^■;/.) 

108.  H.  micans,  Swartz.  Momecious :  plants  small,  iti 
very  loose  flat  tufts,  whitish  yellow  or  fuhoiis,  shiniiii; ;  stems 
prostrate,  rootint;,  irrei^tilarly  divided  into  few  hrjinclies  and 
short  branchlets:  leaves  loose,  comi»ressed,  the  lateral  spreadinii; 
at  ri_i;ht  angles,  thin,  soft,  ovate-lanceolate,  narr<»wly  actunini'.te, 
obscm'ely  serrulate  ahove  ;  costa  l)asilar,  ucminate,  indistinct; 
colls  narrowly  linear,  those  of  the  antiles  few,  (ptadrate-oldon^-; 
inner  pericluctial  leaves  more  or  less  aljruptly  acuminati',  coarsely 
serrate  at  the  base  of  the  point :  capsule  very  small,  ovate-oblonuf, 
slit^htly  incurved  on  a  slemler  coinjtar.'itively  loni;  pedicel;  lid 
conical,  short-acuminate  or  mamillate;  seucments  nearly  entire, 
as  Ioiil;  as  the  teeth;  cilia  one  or  two,  short,  nodose.  —  ^Nluhl. 
Cat.  104,  and  Adnot.  Bot.  ITn,  accordiu<;  to  authentic  specimens 
in  Muhl.  Herb,  examined  by  Hullivant  and  rejiorted  u))on  by 
letter  to  James  and  Austin.  //  alhulnm^  ]Muell.  Syn.  ii.  'JSO ; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  71,  and  Icon.  jNIusc.  179,  t.  112. 
//.  tejieruni,  Hook.  &  "Wils.  in  Dnimm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  H.), 
n.  108,  101). 

Var,  fulvum.  Larfjer  ;  branches  lonij,  flattened,  s(mietimes 
floatiuir,  fulvous  or  dark  brown  when  old.  —  JLfidmim,  Hook. 
&  Wils.  in  Drumm.  1.  c,  n.  110  ;  Sulliv.  1.  c.  80,  and  Icon.  Muse. 
205,  t.  125. 

II AB.  On  much  decayed  wood  in  moist  places;  the  variety  in  hogs; 
Southern  States. 


W    ',' 


if  it 


ill  il 


866 


IIKYACE.*:. 


\Hl/pnum, 


i 


1  i 


104.  H.  turfaceum,  T/in<ll».    Moiurcious  :  |ilants  sii'all,  (•('«- 

pitiilosc,  hrij^lit  ^ri'cii,  yi-llowish  spotti'd;  stems  prnstratf,  with 

Hhort  Hul»|»iiiiiat«'  or  fasciculatt'  hraiiclu's;  Iouvch  <K'|>ri'SHt'(l,  llat, 

the  hitcrals  itrcarliiij;  horizontally,  the  uiiiht  an«l  lower  aher- 

nately  iiu'liiii'd  to  tiie  left  and  t(»  the  rij^dit,  ovate-laiieeolate,  loni;- 

aeiiniiiiate  from  an  ovate-ohloni;   bawe,  shariiiv  si'rrate   tt)   thi' 

middle,  eeostate  ;  areolation  fusiform  or  broadly  linear,  distinctly 

<|uadrate  or  obl(Hi<j;,  (wjuilateral  at  base;  pericha'tial  leaves  ovate, 

eoneave  at  base,  abruptly  short-cuspidate  and  dentate  upward  : 

capsule  suitcernuous  an<l  subinclined,  oblony-cylindrical,  oostate 

und  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  (b-y;  o|tercuhim  liroadly 

conical,  blunt  at  the  a|)ex ;  peristome  normal,  with  two  stroma 

cilia  nearly  as  loni;  as  the  entire  set;ments;  annidus  double,  lari;e. 

—  Fries,  IJot.  Xotis.  IS')!,  14li,  and    Vl   Dan.   Suppl.  t.   117. 

Stereodou  tnrf<i<u  ns^  Mitt.      Plm/lothcchDn  tni'facci(H),  Lindb. 

Faun.  Flor.  Feinj.  ix.  .'i:} ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Sui>i»I.  H7,  t.  (Jf). 

laoptej'i/ifliin)  tin'jUn'ntn,  Lindb. 

II An.  Oil  the  {.'round  and  dfciiycd  trunks;  Allochany  and  Whlto 
Mountains  {Janipn);  New  Jorsoy  {Aiixtin);  Fort  ColvlUc  {Lyull). 

105.  H.  elegans,  Hook.  Dicecious:  plants  small,  pale 
green,  shininu;  when  dry;  stem  depressed,  with  few  unequal 
branches ;  stem-leaves  erect-sprea<lintj,  ])lane  and  distichous, 
narrowly  ov.ate,  more  or  less  long-acuminate,  concave,  short, 
bicostate  at  base,  slightly  serndate  at  the  apex ;  cells  narrower 
than  in  the  last,  ]>ellucid,  but  scarcely  enlarged  at  base;  peri- 
cha'tial leaves  lanceolate-acuminate ;  capstde  horizontal  or  sul)- 
pendent  by  an  a])ical  curve  of  the  ])edicel,  oblong,  slightly 
inflated  at  the  curved  neck,  constricted  under  the  widened 
orifice  when  dry;  operculum  conical,  obtuse  or  short-rostellate; 
teeth  broadly  lanceolate,  blunt  at  the  apex;  segments  entire; 
cilia  three,  slender,  as  long  as  the  segments;  annulus  simple. — 
JMusc.  Exot.  t.  9 ;  Schwaegr.  Sup|)l.  iii.  t.  282.  J*lH(j!otfiecinni 
elef/ans,  Schimp.  Coroll.  11(5 :  Sulliv.  Icon.  ^lusc.  Suppl.  86,  t.  04. 
JiJnfndiosti'(jiu)n  chrfans,  Lindb.  in  Iledwigia,  ii.  70,  and  Faun. 
Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  47.     Isopterygiwn  ele(/(Oh%  Lindb. 

Var,  terrestre.  Dark  green ;  branches  shorter,  slightly 
decurved  at  the  a])ex.  —  Lindb.  1.  c,  as  llhynchostegium  ;  Aust. 
Muse.  Appal.,  n.  349. 

IIab.  Crevices  of  shaded  rocks;  Vancouver  Island  (Mvnzies)',  White 
Mountains  (Jaoies);  Northern  New  Jersey,  sterile.  The  variety  on  the 
ground  in  a  rapine  near  Paskack,  New  Jersey  (Austin),  sterile. 


Ili/pnum.] 


nUYACE.K. 


8C7 


100.  H.  denticulatum,  I/mn.  Monavious:  in  tint  Ioomo 
prci'n  i)r  yellowish  ljIohsv  tut'ls;  stttiis  |>nisti'!it<',  HtoNmitVroits. 
with  hraiii'lu's  ami  ItiaiichlrtH  i-n'ct,  plano-foliatc :  liasilar  ainl 
trrruiiial  h-avt's  of  tlu'  l»raiiclu's  siiiall,  lnviadly  laiiccolatr,  aciil*', 
tlu'  iiu'ilial  laim'r,  ovatt'-olilonir,  apiculati',  iiM'<|iiilat»'ral,  (U'ciir- 
rriit,  I'litirc  or  snl>st'rrati(  at  tlu'  a|K'X  ;  costa  Itipartitc,  very  (liiii, 
vanishiii<'  hall-way  to  the  iiiiddU';  art'olatioii  iiarrowlv  ihom- 
1>oi»lal,  t'lilarncd  at  hasc,  hroadly  <|ua(lrat('  at  the  fxcavati' 
aiink's;  iH'richu'tial  Icavrs  shcathiii!,',  narrowi'd  into  a  Kh(»rt 
)»oint,  c(»Mtat('  to  aWovc  the  middle,  the  costa  thin,  simpU'  or 
forkiiit;:  caiiHiilf  lon;^-|)fdicelli'd,  (•cnmoiis,  arcuate,  cylindrical 
or  oI)loni;,  oranLTc-color,  slightly  conslrieti'd  under  the  orilice 
Miien  diT  ;  o|icrculuin  conical,  a|>iculate ;  teeth  pale;  segments 
slightly  o|ien  hetween  the  articulationn ;  cilia  two  or  three,  un- 
e<jual,  nearly  as  lont;  as  the  segments;  annnlus  lart;e,  of  a  triplo 
row  of  cells. — Spec.  IM.  llli'J.  I*i/l<i!stt<i  nif/ii'attff,  Desv. ; 
IJrid.  IJryol.  Univ.  ii.  12^2,  t.  H.  /'Ittf/fof/iri-hn/t  <h'ntii'nUttii)n^ 
liruch  &>  Schinip.  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  ;')()!,  i'jO'J;  I.indh.  Faun.  Flor. 
Keini.  iv.  .'{(>. 

Var.  tenellum.  Smaller  than  tlio  normal  fortn :  leaves 
narrower,  lonL?cr-acu»ninate. —  Bruch  tfc  Sehinip.  1.  c,  as  Plmji. 
othechitn. 

Var.  ISBtum.  Loaves  lonirer,  jiiliform-aciiminate  :  caj)sule 
ovate-oblouLr,  sidterect ;  cilia  none.  —  Lindb.  1.  c.  Vhajiotlic- 
cium  Itftnut,  Uruch  &  Schini)).  JJryol.  Knr.  t.  41>r). 

Var.  laxum.  Loaves  loss  crowded,  orect-spreadinjjf,  scarcely 
flattened,  smaller,  narrower,  broadly  lanceolate  :  capsule  sub- 
erect. —  IJruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c. 

Var.  densum.  Densely  cos]»itose;  branches  shorter,  erect : 
loaves  crowded,  iud)ricate,  recurved  at  the  apex  :  cajtsule  sub- 
erect;  lid  acuminate.  —  IJruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c. 

Var.  obtusifolium,  Turn.  Leaves  elliptical,  more  or  less 
obtuse.  —  ]\[usc.  Iliborn.  146.  //.  TJo)inianun)^  Smith,  Fl.  Brit, 
iii.  1286.     Stereo(h)i  Don  fauns,  Witt. 

Hab.  Decayed  trunks  in  the  woods,  rarely  on  stones;  varieties 
tenellinn  and  densiim  on  mountains,  in  fissures  of  rocks. 

A  very  variable  moss,  often  confounded  witli  //.  sj/lrnticum,  differing 
in  the  mono'cions  inflorescence,  the  narrower  areolation,  the  conical  and 
not  rostrate  lid,  the  smooth  capsule,  and  the  conipocnd  annulus. 

107.  H.  Muellerianum,  Hook.  fil.     Dicjcious:  plants  very 

small,  loosely  cespitose,  bright  green  ;  stems  i^^toloniferous,  creep- 


u 
i 

■I 


IMAGE  EVALUATBON 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


tel2.8    12.5 


118 

HI 

u 

S. " 

V.  u 


■  4.0 


IL25  in  1.4 


M 


ny^i 


1.6 


FhotograiJiic 

Sdenoes 
Carporation 


T 


1^    ^ 


% 


^ 


k^' 


r<\^ 


"1* 


<^ 


4^ 


;\ 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRKT 

VVfBSTiR,N.Y.  145M 

(716)  •72-4S03 


'^ 


1 


;:fi/- 


^ 


368 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ilypnum. 


h 


If'"* 


I-  J 


::i 


I  •  1 


1 

; 

\ 

..r  ■ 

Kj 

1-1 

lav' 

it: 

V 

;v 

V     *' 

il 

fi' 

■;i 

injT,  with  branches  erect,  rooting  at  base  and  sometimes  at  apex, 
c'oniplanate-foliate  :  leaves  distichous,  spreading,  ovate-lanceolate 
at  base,  aciiniinate  or  sub])ilifonn,  long-aj)iciilate,  concave,  very 
entire,  ecostate,  not  decurrent  at  base ;  areolation  narrow,  uni- 
form ;  pericha^tial  leaves  half-cla8])ing  at  base,  oblong-ovate, 
acuminate,  entire:  capsule  subcernuous,  obovate,  long-necked, 
enlarged  at  the  orifice  and  canipannlate  when  dry,  pale  brown ; 
])edicel  short,  purple;  operculum  conical,  rostellate ;  teeth  dis- 
tantly articulate ;  cilia  short,  robust,  unequal ;  annulus  narrow, 
simple.  —  New  Zeal.  Fl.  ii.  476  (name  only).  Plafpothecmni 
JfueUcriamim,  Schimp.  Syn.  584 ;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  89, 
t.  66. 

Had.     Rocky    ravines;    Xew   Jersey    (Austin)',    White    Mountains 
{James);  Ohio  (Lesqttereux). 

108.  H.  SallivantiBB,  Schimp.  Ms.  Di'^pcious :  plants  in 
compact  i»ale  green  or  yellowish  shining  tufts ;  stems  erect, 
with  few  branches,  scattered  leaves,  and  radicles  at  base:  leaves 
crowded,  subimbricate,  oblong-ovate,  abruptly  and  shortly  fili- 
form-acumin'>te,  very  concave,  thin,  glossy,  serrulate  toward  the 
apex ;  costa  bifid,  one  of  its  branches  sometimes  longer ;  areola- 
tion very  long  and  narrow,  the  basilar  a  little  shorter  and 
broader:  perichaitinl  leaves  erect,  the  inner  oblong,  narrowly 
acuminate :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong,  constricted  at  the  neck, 
erect,  regular,  subinclined,  smooth  when  dry ;  operculum  long- 
conical,  obliquely  short-rostrate ;  cilia  in  pairs,  stout,  and  nearly 
as  long  as  the  entire  segments ;  annulus  simple,  large.  —  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  80,  and  Icon.  Muse.  207,  t.  126 ;  Sulliv.  & 
Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  355.  Plagiothecimn  Sulli- 
vanticBy  Schimp.  in  Bryol.  Eur.  Plmjiothecium^  16. 

Hab.     Moist  sandstone  rocks  and  shaded  banks  in  pine  woods,  Oliio. 

The  species  published  under  the  authority  of  Schimper  is,  as  Sullivant 
remarks  (Icon.  Muse.  1.  c),  perliaps  too  insufficiently  characteiized  to  be 
separated  from  Plagiothecium  Roeseaninn,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  504,  and  he  adds  that  the  better  course  might  be  to  reduce  both  of  them 
to  II.  sylvaticum,  a  very  variable  species.  The  appearance  of  this  moss 
and  its  mode  of  growth  are  strikingly  different  from  those  of  //.  syl- 
vaticum, and,  even  if  a  variety,  the  variety  is  constant  in  its  characters. 
It  seems,  therefore,  justifiable  to  preserve  a  species  made  by  Schimper 
to  honor  the  name  of  a  very  acute  lady  bryologist,  who  for  years  assisted 
her  husband  in  his  researches. 

109.  H.  sylvaticum,  Huds.  Dioecious:  tufts  loose,  soft, 
depressed,  stoloniferous,  dark  green:   leaves  flat,  distant,  the 


J 


Hypnum.] 


BRYACE^E. 


369 


lateral  spreading,  decurrent,  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  short- 
acuminate,  concave,  obsoletcly  costate,  very  entire ;  upper  areo- 
lation  narrowly  rhomboidal,  gradually  longer  and  narrower 
downward ;  the  cells  of  the  decurrent  angles  quadrate-oblong  and 
numerous:  male  plants  mixed  with  the  sterile  or  in  sej)arate 
tufts ;  perichajtial  leaves  short,  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  short- 
acuminate  :  capsule  long- pedicel  late,  cernuous  and  horizontal, 
cylindrical,  contracted  into  a  long  neck,  sulcate,  striate  and 
constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  oj)erculum  long-beaked, 
the  beak  curved  upward ;  peristome  large ;  the  teeth  bright 
orange  at  base;  annulus  double.  —  Fl.  Angl.  419.  IHagiothe- 
cium  sj/loaticiwij  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  503 ;  Lindb. 
Faun.  Flor.  Fenn.  ix.  28. 

Var.  orthocladium.  Branches  shorter,  erect,  densely 
crowded  :  leaves  shorter,  less  complanate,  a  little  shining :  cap- 
sule oval,  cernuous.  —  Schimp.  Coroll,  115,  as  IHatjiothecimn. 
P.  orthocladium^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  504. 

Hab.  Dense  shaded  rocks,  and  clayey  ground  in  woods;  the  variety 
more  rarely  found. 

110.  H.  undulatum,  Linn.  Dioecious:  plants  large,  widely 
cespitos'j,  whitish  green  ;  stems  very  long,  prostrate  and  arcuate, 
rooting  at  the  base  of  the  innovations ;  branches  curved  down- 
ward or  ascending,  densely  foliate,  tumid :  leaves  imbricate- 
complanate,  small  and  ovate  toward  the  base,  gradually  larger 
above  and  ovate-oblong,  more  or  less  abruptly  acuminate, 
narrowed  and  decurrent  at  base,  transversely  undulate-rugose 
from  the  middle  upward,  serrulate  at  the  apex,  glossy  ;  costa 
short,  double ;  areolation  very  narrowly  rhomboidal,  small  and 
quadrate  at  the  decurrent  angles;  lower  perichajtial  leaves 
lecurved,  the  upper  sheathing,  longer  acuminate,  thin,  narrowly 
costate :  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  arcuate,  deeply  ribbed  when 
dry,  enlarged  at  the  orifice,  dirty  yellow,  passing  to  brown  with 
age ;  pedicel  long,  flexuous ;  operculum  large,  ro.strate ;  seg- 
ments slightly  split  along  the  keel;  cilia  three,  stout,  nearly 
as  long  as  the  segments;  annulus  double.  —  Spec.  PI.  1124; 
Schwaegr.  Sujipl.  iii.  t.  282''-  Plagiothecium  undulatum^  Bruch 
&  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  506 ;  Lindb.  1.  c.  27.  Stereodoti  imdu- 
latu.%  Mitt. 

Hab.  On  wet  mossy  ground,  in  deep  wood?;  Oregon  (Pickering , 
Hall),  and  California  (Bolander);  Fort  Colville  (Lyall). 


370 


BRYACEyE. 


[lli/pnum. 


*  #  ♦  Leaves  open  or  snbsecwid, 

111.  H.  Muhlenbeckii,  S|>nice.  Mona'cious:  more  or 
less  (lonsc'ly  ec'spitosc  :  steins  prostrate  or  asceiuling;  brandies 
and  braiichlets  crowded,  erect :  leaves  densely  crowded,  sul>- 
coinplanate,  secuiid  on  the  branchlets,  ovate-lanceolate,  grad- 
ually narrowed  into  a  long  filiform  point,  dec  irrent,  minutely 
and  distantly  serrulate,  plano-convex  ;  costa  very  short  and 
obsolete,  double ;  cells  loose,  those  of  the  decurrent  angles  very 
large,  inflated,  dark  orange ;  inner  perichai'tial  leaves  half- 
sheathing,  narrowed  into  a  long  flexuous  or  recurved  filiform 
])oint :  capsule  suberect,  cernuous,  oblong-cylindrical,  long- 
necked,  more  or  less  incurved,  substriate,  irregularly  furrowed 
when  dry,  often  two-coloied;  oj>erculum  long-conical,  obtuse ; 
peristome  small,  the  segments  entire ;  membrane  large ;  cilia 
three,  slender,  a  little  shorter  than  the  segments ;  annulus 
large,  comjwund.  —  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  ser.  2,  iii.  tiTri.  //. 
striateflum,  Brid. ;  IVIuell.  Syn.  ii.  282.  PUif/iotheciKm  Mn/ilen- 
beckiij  Bruch  &  Scliimi).  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  499.  jP.  striatellum^ 
Lindb.  1,  c.  32. 

II AB.  On  rocks  In  subalpine  regions,  and  grassy  places  in  mountains; 
frequent  and  variable. 

112.  H.  FitZgeraldi,  Renauld,  in  litt.  Closely  allied  to  the 
last,  differing  in  its  shorter  and  stouter  stems,  the  branches 
short,  intricate  (not  erect),  the  leaves  not  glossy,  narrower, 
nearly  entire,  and  the  areolation  more  opaque,  with  longer  nar- 
rower and  very  chlorophyllose  cells. 

Hau.    Decayed  trunks,  Florida  (Fitzgerald). 

Though  the  characters  are  not  very  marked,  the  great  difference  in 
habitat  authorizes  a  separation  of  this  peculiar  form. 

113.  H.  pSQUdo-Silesiacum.  Monceeious  :  the  branches 
somewhat  piano-foliate  :  upper  leaves  appressed,  the  lateral  and 
lower  spreading,  crowded,  oval,  narrowly  acuminate,  ecostate  ; 
areolation  very  narrowly  rhomboidal ;  perichaetial  leaves  imbri- 
cate, ovate-lanceolate  :  capsule  oblique  or  inclined,  oval-oblong, 
thin,  pale  brown,  sulcate  the  whole  length  when  dry ;  j)edicel 
short  (1  cm.),  straight ;  operculum  broadly  conical,  short ; 
annulus  double,  revoluble.  —  H.  Silesiacum^  Hook.  &  "NVils.  in 
Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  1 1 1 .  Plagiothecium pseudo- 
Silesiacum,  Schimp.  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  xiv.  140. 

Hab.    Near  St.  Louis  {Drummond}. 


Ilypnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


371 


Species  of  uncertain  rehttion. 

114.  H.  SUbfalcatum.  Plants  prostrate,  intricate,  cespi- 
tosc,  briglit  green,  glossy ;  steins  irregularly  Ifranching:  leaves 
<listant,  distichous,  coniplanate,  ol)li<|uely  oblong,  acute,  spread- 
ing, horizontally  subfalcate  by  curving  backward,  serrate-den- 
tate at  the  apex  ;  borders  reflexed  toward  the  base  ;  c()sta  short, 
double,  tlie  nerves  of  unetpial  length  ;  areolation  narrowly  fusi- 
form or  linear,  a  little  shorter  and  broad  at  base.  —  l*ht(jio' 
thecinm  suhfalcatmn^  Aust.  Muse.  A])i)al.  n.  3GG ;  Sulliv.  Icon. 
Muse.  Suppl.  90,  t.  G7. 

ILvn.    Crevices  of  rocks,  in  tlie  mountains  of  New  Jersey  and  New 
York  (Aniitin)\  always  sterile. 
This  species  may  be  referable  to  a  tlifferent  subgenus. 

SumiExus  XVI.  AMULYSTEGIUM.  (PI.  0.) 
Plants  very  small,  sometimes  widely  ex]»anded,  creeping, 
irregularly  ramose  and  ramulose,  without  stolons.  Leaves 
spreading  uniformly  or  subsecund,  lanceolate  or  oval-lanceo- 
late, generally  simi)ly  costate  to  the  middle  or  to  the  apex. 
Flowers  moncecious,  rarely  ditccious.  Caj)sule  sul)erect  or  cer- 
nuous  upon  a  smooth  pedicel,  oval  or  oblong-cylindrical,  sulv 
arcuate,  of  soft  texture.  Operculum  large,  mamillate,  blunt  or 
apiculate.  Teeth  of  the  peristome  solid,  closelj'  articulate ; 
segments  entire ;  cilia  more  or  less  perfect.  The  texture  of  the 
leaves  is  soft,  the  areolation  parenchymatous  or  loosely  prosen- 
chymatous,  never  linear  or  vermicular.  —  Amhlystegium^ 
Schimp. 

♦  Leaves  opaque;    areolation  parenchymatous^  more  or  less 
chlorophyllose :  flowers  monoecious^  except  in  n.  115. 

115.  H.  minutissimum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Plants  very 
small,  pale  green  ;  stems  prostrate,  scarcely  1  cm.  long,  witli 
bundles  of  radicles,  subpinnately  divided  into  short  erect  or 
spreading  branches :  leaves  loose,  open,  narrowly  lanceolate, 
more  or  less  distinctly  serrulate  on  the  borders,  ecostate  or 
marked  with  short  stria? ;  areolation  large,  oblong ;  perichaetial 
leaves  large,  long-acuminate,  coarsely  dentate  above :  flowers 
with  scarcely  any  paraphyses :  capsule  minute,  subovate,  more 


\Wa: 


'nr 


372 


BKYACE^. 


[Ilt/pnum. 


T  \l 


? 


If 


convex  on  the  u)»j>c'r  side,  coMiitricted  under  the  lMr<;c  orifice 
when  de()i>ereulate  and  dry,  turhinate,  thin,  dirty  yeUow  ;  i)e(li- 
cel  islen(U'r,  4  or  i)  ni.ni.  long;  teeth  j>ale  yellow,  hyaline  on  the 
borders;  cilia  1  or  li,  as  long  as  the  segments;  ainiulns  douhle, 
jK'rsistent.  —  Muse.  Jior.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  lU.') ;  Sulliv.  Mosses 
of  IT.  States,  7.S,  and  Icon.  3Iusc.  11);'),  t.  I'JO. 

IIah.     Moist  r()(;ks  in  shiulod  ravliu's,  in  the  C'entral  States,  Northern 
New  Jersey,  rcnnsylvania,  Ohio,  Illinois;  rare. 

110.  H.  Sprucei,  lirnch  ]Ms.  ])l(ecions:  plants  very  small, 
loosely  cespitose ;  stems  capillary,  those  of  the  fertile  tnfts 
more  compact  and  ascending,  with  branches  and  branchlcts 
erect,  those  of  the  loose  sterile  tufts  very  long  and  creej)ing: 
leaves  loose,  spreading,  oval  or  oblong,  lanceolate,  entire,  nerve- 
less, loosely  ai-eolate,  green  ;  periduetial  leaves  similar,  serrate 
at  the  apex;  antheridia  without  jtarajjhyses:  capsule  minute, 
erect  or  slightly  incurved,  oval  and  obovate,  with  a  distinct  in- 
flated neck  and  enlarged  oi'ifice  when  <lry ;  ojtenadum  mamil- 
late,  obtuse;  teeth  pal";  cilia  none;  ainiulus  very  narrow,  sim- 
]»le.  —  JNIuell.  Syn.  ii.  415.  //.  conferi'okles,  Drumm.  Muse. 
Amer.  n.  ltl((.  Anihli/ste(/iutn  /Spracei,  Bruch  &  Hchimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  501. 

IIab.     Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  (Fcndlt'r);  Colorado  (E.  Hall,  Wolf  & 
liothrock);  liriiish  America  (DriDiiiiioiul). 

117.  H.  subtile,  Iloffm.  Wi<lely  cespitose,  dark  green, 
strongly  coherent;  stems  with  short  erect  branches:  leaves 
loose,  suljsecund  or  spreading,  narrowly  lanceolate  from  an  ovate 
base,  entire,  ecostate  or  with  obscure  traces  of  a  medial  nerve; 
perichoetial  leaves  long  and  narrowly  acumiinite,  entire  :  capsule 
suberect  or  subcernuous,  oblong,  narrowed  to  a  short  collum, 
pale  yellow,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  empty ;  o[)er- 
culum  highly  convex,  apiculate ;  peristome  as  in  the  last  species ; 
annulus  very  narrow.  —  Deutsch.  Fl.  ii.  70.  Leskea  suhtiUs^ 
Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  '23,  t.  9.  Amhli/stegium  subtile^  Bruch 
<fc  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  501. 

Had.    Boots  of  trees;  New  England,  Canada,  Goat  Island,  etc.;  not 
rare. 

118.  H.  COnfervoides,  Brid.  Differs  from  the  last  in  its 
habitat  on  stones,  in  the  dark  green  color  of  the  tufts,  the  stems 
irregidarly  branching,  pinnately  and  closely  ramulose,  the  leaves 
more  narrowly  acuminate,  the  areolation  more  chlorophyllose, 
the  capsule  cernuous,  often  horizontally  inclined  and  reddish 


Ui/jniuin.] 


BKYACE^E. 


873 


browr  and  the  jioristoino  more  itcrfcct,  with  «l»ml)lo  cili.i.  — 
Muse.  IJc'ct'iit.  Siij)i»l.  ii.  !;").'{.  J/,  ('o/tjrri'tt,  S('hw!i«'i;r.  Supi"!. 
ii.  1.  ir)S,  t.  14*J.  AinblystcyitunconftrroofiH^  Uriith  A:  Schimp. 
Br  vol.  Eur.  t.  aC'J. 

ll.vit.     Moist  limestone  in  woods;  Ohio,  Cuniulu,  A\  iiitt>  Mountains. 

111).  H.  serpens,  Linn.  ^Mon;  or  K'SH  (It'uscly  ei'spitosi', 
dirty  or  ycMowish  screen;  stonis  crci'pinij^,  radicuhtsc,  densely 
raniulosu  ;  Ijranchlets  variahle  in  lenj^tli,  tlexuous,  erect :  stem- 
leaves  remote,  Hpreadini^,  ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly  eostate  to 
below  the  apex,  those  of  the  branches  more  crowded,  often 
sgcuikI,  longer  acuminate  and  more  chlorojdiyllose;  leaves  of 
the  pale  pericluetimn  obloni^,  erect,  narrowed  into  a  short  point, 
broadly  eostate  and  jdieate  :  capsule  long-eylincbical,  incurved, 
cernuous  or  subarcuate,  constricted  under  the  oriiice  when  dry, 
yellowish  brown,  often  of  two  colors;  o]>ereuhnn  convex-coni- 
cal ;  teeth  light  brown  ;  segments  slightly  ]»erf<»rated  on  the 
keel ;  cilia  'J  or  8,  as  long  as  the  segments  ;  annulus  of  a  triple 
series  of  small  cells.  —  S])ec.  PI.  1130.  Anibli/stcf/iuni  serpens, 
Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  504. 

Hah.  On  dccayecl  wood,  and  in  shady  moist  places  on  the  ground;  not 
frequent  in  the  Eastern  States,  common  in  California,  and  extremely 
variable. 

120.  H.  radicale,  Beauv.  Loosely  ces])itose ;  stems  root- 
ing and  creeping,  irregularly  and  densely  ramulose,  the  branch- 
lets  short,  rigid,  suberect :  leaves  spreading,  more  crowded  than 
in  the  last  species,  broadly  ovate  aiul  cordate  at  base,  narrowly 
lanceolate  and  long-acuminate,  strongly  eostate  to  the  apex  ; 
areolation  more  dense,  exactly  j)arenchymatous,  elongated- 
rhomboidal,  round-quadrate  or  rectangidar  at  the  base  and  the 
bisal  angles,  thick-walled,  chlorophyllose ;  j)ericha'tial  leaves 
oblong,  narrowly  acuminate,  eostate  to  the  apex :  ca]>sule  long- 
pedicellate,  arcuate  or  inclined,  narrow-cylindrical,  constricted 
under  the  orifice  when  empty,  brown  ;  segments  entire  ;  cilia 
slender  and  shorter  ;  annulus  composed  of  a  triple  series  of  cells. 
—  Prod.  68.  Amhlystegmm  radicale^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  565.  II.  varium^  Beauv. ;  Sulliv.  Muse.  Allegh.  n.  30. 
II.  serpens^  var.  varium^  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  412,  in  part.  AmUy- 
stegiiim  serpens.,  var.  radicale^  Aust.  Muse.  Appal.  Stereodon 
radicalism  Mitt.  Joum.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  48. 

Hab.  Decayed  trunks,  roots  of  trees,  wet  ground,  or  shady  places; 
very  common  and  extremely  variable. 


<i. 


iHI ' 


TT 


374 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ifypnum, 


M 


I 


t!fi 

I:; 
■I 


i} 


In  Its  nunifiroiis  vaiiotles  tliis  species  seems  to  pass  Into  the  last.  There 
is,  however,  a  constant  difference  in  its  more  rigid  leaves,  broader  and 
cordate  at  base,  the  costa  stouter  and  percurrent,  and  the  an-olation 
shorter  and  thick.  The  capsule  is  generally  more  solid,  of  a  nnitorm 
brown  color,  not  red  at  the  mouth;  the  operculum  a  little  longer,  sharply 
acute  and  often  rostellate. 

llil.  H.  Orthocladon,  Boauv.  Plants  in  large  deep  some- 
what loose  dark  green  tufts ;  branchlets  numerous,  ereet,  1  or  '2 
c.ni.  long  or  more :  stem-leaves  broadly  ovate-cordate  at  base, 
acuminate,  those  of  the  branches  narrower,  open-erect,  concave, 
entire  or  obscurely  serrulate ;  costa  thick,  subpercurrent ;  cells 
thick,  chlorophyllose,  subrhomboidal ;  perichietial  leaves  erect, 
the  inner  membranous,  plicate-striate,  distinctly  and  obtusely 
dentate  above,  cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  very  broad  costa: 
capsule  large,  long-cylindrical,  narrowed  into  a  long  collum, 
slightly  incurved,  cermious,  yellowish  brown ;  i)edicel  long, 
tlexuous,  red ;  operculum  large,  liighly  convex,  conical-apicu- 
late ;  j)eristome  of  71.  seiyens ;  annulus  simple,  narrow.  — 
Prod.  72;  SuHiv.  Icon.  Muse.  109,  1. 122.  11.  variiim^  Hook  't 
Wils.,  Drumm.  ]Musc.  Amer.  (Coll.  II.),  n.  142.  //  serpens^  var. 
varium^  Muell.,  in  ])art.  11.  serpens^  var.  orthocladon^  Aust.  1.  c. 
IlAn.  Margins  of  swamps  and  springy  places,  on  the  ground,  on  stones, 
and  decayed  logs;  very  connuon,  and  very  difficult  to  separate  from  the 
last  species. 

122.  H.  irriguum,  Ilook.  &  Wils.  Plants  drooping,  ces- 
pitose ;  stems  rigid ;  branches  siibpiimately  ramulose :  leaves 
solid,  spreading  and  subsecund,  opaque,  deltoid-ovate,  obcordate 
or  decurrent  at  base,  acuminate,  subsorrulate,  costate  to  the 
aj)ex ;  basilar  areolation  much  enlarged :  capsule  oblong  or 
strongly  arcuate  and  contracted  below  the  mouth  when  dry, 
pale  brown ;  operculum  as  in  the  last  species ;  teeth  orange 
below,  with  a  broad  hyaline  border ;  annulus  of  a  triple  series 
of  cells.  —  Wils.  Bryol.  Brit.  361.  Amblystegium  fluviatile^ 
Bruch  &  Schinip.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  566,  not  Swartz. 

Var.  spinifolium.  Tufts  greenish  black ;  stems  long,  rigid, 
thick,  immersed,  flexuoiis,  prostrate,  irregularly  pinnate :  leaves 
appressed,  strict,  solid,  narrower,  sublinear,  cuspidate  by  the 
very  thick  excurrent  costa.  — 11.  Jiuviatile,  James,  Proc.  Acad. 
Phil.  1855,  447.  II.  noterophilum,  Sidliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.- 
Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  348 ;  SuUiv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  78. 

Hab.  Niagara  Falls,  Trenton  Falls,  and  Little  Falls,  New  Jersey;  the 
variety  in  limestone  springs,  Pennsylvania  {Porter). 


. 


lll/imnni.] 


BUYACE.E. 


375 


1'2:{.  H.  fluviatile,  Swartz.  Tufts  flat,  soft,  <lirty  crrocn ; 
stt'iMs  with  fi'W  radicU's,  prostrate,  (U'liudatf  of  K-avi-s  in  tlie 
lou'iT  part  by  inaceratioii ;  branclik'ts  fi'W,  suhcnTt :  U'avos 
inori'  or  less  ivmoto,  opt'ii,  t)vatc'  or  ohioni^-laiict'olatc,  t'oiicavo, 
the  lionU'rs  rt'ciirved  at  base;  costa  very  thick,  abruptly  dis- 
solved beh)\v  tlie  apex ;  areohition  very  hiose,  obloiijjf-ovate, 
larLjer  at  the  base,  but  uniform  ;  periehjetial  leaves  erect,  costate  : 
capsule  loiiLC-cylindrical,  arcuate,  solid,  yellowish  brown  ;  peri- 
stome normal.  —  Muse.  Suee.  O.'J.  Ainbljstt'yintn  Jlnciatiie, 
liruch  tfe  Schiinp.  liryol.  Eur.  t.  >ii)7. 
IIah.     Oh  rocks,  Closlor,  Nt!\v  Jersey  (Austin);  Ontario  {}frs.  Itoij). 

124.  H.  adnatum,  Iledw.  Plants  depresse<l,  in  wide  flat 
pale  i;reen  or  yellowish  mats;  stems  ('reepiuLT,  irreufularly 
branehinu;,  closely  ramulose ;  branchlets  short,  distichous :  leaves 
ch>se,  ereet-sj)readin,i;,  ovate  or  oblonj^,  ii^ra<lually  acuminate, 
very  concave  and  entire,  ecostate  or  shortly  bistriate  at  base ; 
.ireol.'ition  pellucid,  subrhotnboidal,  prosenchyniatous,  elonu^ated 
at  base,  smaller,  quadrate  and  opaque  at  the  basilar  anLjles ; 
outer  perlcha;tial  leaves  ovate,  narrowly  acuminate,  sprea<lin«x, 
the  inner  larjifer,  erect,  obloni^,  abruptly  acuminate,  coarsely  and 
irregularly  dentate  below  the  point,  more  distinctly  costate  to 
the  middle:  capsule  erect,  cernuous,  oblong,  unecpial,  gra<bially 
narrowed  to  a  short  pedicel,  reddish  above,  yellowish  below; 
operculum  pale,  convex-conical,  more  or  less  long-pointed  ;  teeth 
yellowish ;  cilia  one  or  two,  nearly  as  lojig  as  the  entire  seg- 
ments ;  annuhis  persistent.  —  Spec,  Muse.  248,  t.  G4 ;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  IT.  States,  78,  and  Icon.  Muse.  197,  t.  121. 

Hah.    Shady  woods  on  stones  or  on  trees  near  the  surface  of  the 
ground ;  common  and  variable. 

125.  H.  COmpactum,  Muell.  Plants  small,  in  very  com- 
pact tufts,  reddish  brown  within,  greenisli  on  the  surface ;  stems 
slender,  2  or  3  cm.  long,  erect,  fasciculately  ramose,  tomentose- 
radiculose  to  near  the  apex ;  branches  closely  foliate :  leaves 
erect-spreading,  ovate-lanceolate,  gradually  acuminate,  decurrcnt 
at  base,  concave,  serrulate  on  the  borders  especially  below, 
thickly  costate  to  near  the  apex ;  areolation  loose,  narrowly 
rhomboidal,  fusiform,  with  few  smaller  quadrate  alar  cells; 
perichaetial  leaves  oblong,  more  abruptly  acuminate,  distinctly 
serrulate  at  the  apex,  narrowly  costate :  capsule  erect  or  slightly 
inclined,  oblong,  thin,  constricted  under  the  broad  orifice,  long- 


r^*l 


&.  ii 


i 

'I  . 

'f 

is 


/ 


376 


BIIYACE.E. 


[Ilupnum. 


u 


1.    • 


jHMliccllatc,  narrowed  to  a  distinct  colluin  ;  operciiliini  conical, 
ueute  or  Hhort-rostcllate;  tuctli  palo  yellow;  segments  sli;;iitly 
cleft  alonuj  the  keel ;  cilia  Hin^le,  very  short;  unnnliis  simple. — 
Syn.  ii.  4UM;  Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  lii)l,  t.  V2-i.  Jli/pnnm  mrj>cn.% 
yiXY.cohtjK'.ction^  Dnirnni.  Muse.  Anier.  n.  188.  JStereodoii  com- 
parttis,  Mitt.  1.  c. 

II AH.  Oil  (It'oayetl  wood;  Urltish  America  { Drummond) ;  Fort  Colvillc 
{Li/iill);  Ncviula  (  W'litHon);  Oiilurio,  Canada  {Mncnim). 

Amldi/ntiyliiiit  serrntuin,  IJruch  A  Scliiinp.  (IJryol.  ?^ir.  Aiuhlifstcuhnn, 
11;  Siilllv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  7H),  proliably  bolonj;s  to  tliis  species. 

l-().  H.  Lescurii,  Sulliv.  Tufts  loose,  dark  j?reen  or  Mack; 
stems  prostrate,  defoliate  at  base,  irreufularly  brandiini^  and 
rainulose ;  branchlets  close,  une<|ual :  leaves  loosely  iinltricate, 
erect-spreadinuf,  thick,  o])a(iue,  serrulate  all  around  the  borders, 
those  of  the  stem  broadly  ovate-cordate,  abruptly  short-acumi- 
nate, tliosc  of  the  branches  narrower  and  ovate-lanceolate,  all 
concave  with  a  yellowish  border  formed  of  4  or  5  rows  of  flex- 
nous  linear  cells;  costa  very  thick,  vanishini;  in  the  apex  ;  cells 
hexaijonal-oblonuf,  chlorophyllose ;  i)ericha'tial  leaves  erect,  ob- 
long-lanceolate, cuspidate  by  the  excurrent  costa,  striate  leni^tli- 
wise :  t-apsule  obloni^,  cernuous  or  subincurved,  short-necke<l ; 
pedicel  1  to  3  cm.  long,  reddish  ;  lid  convex-conical,  ajiiculate ; 
teeth  golden  yellow,  connate  at  base;  segments  dehiscent  along 
the  keel ;  cilia  two,  stout,  nearly  as  long  as  the  segments ; 
aimulus  large,  compound.  —  Mosses  of  U.  States,  79,  and  Icon. 
Muse.  203,  t.  24 ;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  IMusc.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  350. 
Had.  On  moist  roclcs;  first  found  at  Tallulali  Falls,  Georgia  {Les- 
quprcux);  afterwards  in  most  of  tlie  Middle  States,  from  Maine  to  Penn- 
sylvania; not  common. 

#  #  Plants  loosely  cespitose:  leaves  soft,  decurrent ;  areolation 
rhombic-hexagonal,  loose  at  base,  rectangular  at  the  angles. 

127.  H.  riparium,  Linn.  Growing  in  wide  loose  soft  dirty 
or  yellowish  green  flat  tufts ;  stems  long,  sometimes  very  long, 
creeping  or  floating,  flaccid,  with  few  branches,  irregularly 
ramulose :  leaves  crowded  or  distant,  generally  distichous,  some- 
times subsecund,  shortly  decurrent,  broadly  ovate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate  or  sagittate,  excavate  at  the  basilar  angles,  more  or 
less  narrowly  and  long-acuminate,  very  entire,  costate  to  above 
the  middle ;  areolation  narrowly  rhomboidal,  loosely  quadrate 
at  the  angles,  with  the  primordial  utricles  very  distinct,  espe- 


1  \ 


IIl/l>niiin.\ 


BIIYACE.E. 


8 


<  4 


cially  nt  the  base;  outer  pciiclui'tial  K-avcs  sprcadinu;  from  tlu 
ini(l«lU',  tlu!  imuT  Ioiij^it,  eiTct,  narrowly  acuiniiiatc  aii<l  oostate', 
bistriato:  capHiili;  incurved,  subhorizontal,  oval  or  cylindrical- 
oblonjJT,  arcuate  when  dry,  light  brown,  often  of  two  c<»lors; 
operculum  lariife,  oranj^e,  conical-a|»iculate ;  peristome  larjje ; 
teeth  dark  oranuje;  cilia  two  or  three,  apjtendiculate,  as  long  as 
the  segments,  which  are  entire  or  slightly  cleft ;  annulus  com- 
pound.—  Spec.  1*1.  lllJU.  Amhlt/stef/uan  ri/xtn'Kni,  IJruch  tfc 
Schimp.  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  570,  571.     iStt:i'e(nlon  rlpitrtan^  Mitt. 

Var.  abbreviatum.  Stc-ms  short :  leaves  small,  more  com- 
pact :  capsule  shorter. 

Var.  flaccidum.  Small ;  stems  filiform,  very  long ;  branches 
and  branchlets  flat,  soft,  <livergent:  leaves  distant,  sagittate- 
lanceolate,  li)ng-acuminate  :  pedicel  short  aid  capsule  small. 

Var.  fluitans.  Stems  and  branches  long,  soft,  dirty  yellow  : 
leaves  closely  imbricate*! :  rarely  fertile. 

II An.  Stonos,  decayed  wood,  and  roots  of  trees,  In  swamps  and  stag- 
nant water,  especially  var.  Jiaccidniu ;  borders  of  streams,  noating  in 
tlie  mud,  var.  fluitans;  very  common  on  botli  slopes  of  Noitii  America. 

Only  the  more  marked  American  forms  of  this  polymorphous  species 
are  given  here.  Its  small  states  resemble  //.  sprpcns,  larger  it  Is  much 
like  II,  flnititns,  and  in  streams  it  resembles  Fonthmlis  hiformis. 

1-8.  H.  vacillans.  Plants  intricate,  closely  ccspitose; 
stems  ])rocuml)ent,  sparingly  subpinnately  branching :  stem- 
leaves  more  distant,  two-ranked,  erect-spreading,  narrowly 
lanceolate-acuminate,  those  of  the  branches  narrow,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  acute  or  blunt  at  the  apex  ;  costa  stout,  three-fourths 
of  the  length  of  the  leaves ;  cells  narrow,  irregul.nr  at  the  apex, 
broadly  quadrate  and  pellucid  at  the  angles:  capsule  suberect, 
rugose;  operculum  conical,  obtuse;  cilia  rugulose,  shorter  than 
the  segments;  anmdus  simi>le,  narrow.  —  Ainbli/stegium  vacil- 
lans,, Sulliv.  Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  90,  t.  72. 
II AB.    White  Mountains  ( Oakes). 


SuBGEXus  XVII.    CAMPYLIUM. 

Stems  prostrate,  with  crowded  ascending  branches.  Leaves 
abruptly  long-acuminate  from  a  broad  ovate  base,  subsquarrose, 
scarcely  costate;  areolation  minute,  linear,  flexuous.  Capsule 
subarcuate,  often  of  two  colors;  pedicel  smooth.  Operculum 
convex-conic.  —  Campylium,,  Mitt. 


irfT 


378 


imYACE.E. 


[TTj/pnum. 


li!:; 


}: 


I'-M).  H.  hispidulum,  \hh\.  Mnmwiom:  \AautH  siimll,  in- 
ti'rliU't'<l  ill  (Iciisu  l»ri;^lit  ^rt'cii  tiit'ts,  yollowiHh  Wlow ;  Htt'iim 
prostrate,  nKliculosc,  irregularly  siihpiniiatcly  raiiiiiloHc ;  thu 
braiichlt'tH  sk'iKJt'r,  erect  or  expanded:  leaves  loose,  liorizoiital 
or  NfpiarroHe-retlexed,  soft,  round-deltoid,  aciiniinate,  decurrent 
at  base,  slij^litly  concave,  Hui)serrulate  all  around  ;  costa  double, 
very  short  or  none ;  cells  of  the  basilar  aiij^les  numerous,  sul)- 
<|uadrate,  i^ranulose;  perichietial  leaves  whitish,  oljhuiij  and 
loii^-acuminate,  retlexed  at  tht;  apex :  capsule  small,  oblong, 
more  or  less  incurved,  with  a  wide  orifice,  yellowish  brown  ; 
pedicel  comparalively  long  (-  cm.),  pale  yellow;  operculum 
convex-conical,  apiculate  and  curved  upward ;  cilia  appeiidicu- 
late,  nearly  as  long  as  the  slightly  cleft  segments;  annuluH 
simple.  —  .Muse.  Ueccnt.  Sup|>l.  ii.  IDH;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U. 
States,  77,  and  Icon.  Muse.  198,  t.  111).  Jl.  J/af/eri,  var.  (?), 
Hook.  &  Wils.  in  ])rumm.  Muse.  Ainer.  (coll.  II.),  n.  147. 
JI.  stelfdtunt^  var.  hiHjndidton,,  JJrid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  G03. 
Carnpi/luihi  hixpidnlHin^  Mitt.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  xii.  031. 
IIaii.    Kout.s  of  trees  ami  bushes,  near  the  ground  in  swampy  places. 

130.  H.  chrysophyllum,  IJrid.  Diujcious:  in  loose  intri- 
cate dirty  or  yellowish  green  tufts;  stems  long,  slender,  pros- 
trate, flexuous,  pinnately  ramulose,  the  branchlets  erect:  leaves 
close,  reflexed-s(piarrulo8e  from  an  erect  concave  base,  entire; 
costa  simple,  narrow,  ascendmg  to  above  the  middle ;  outer 
pericha'tial  leaves  squarrose,  the  inner  erect ;  capsule  long- 
pedicellate,  cylindrical-oblong,  incurved,  pale  orange;  cilia 
stout,  nearly  as  long  as  tlie  entire  segments;  annulus  large, 
compound.  —  Muse.  Itecent.  iii.  84,  t.  2,  fig.  2.  //  poly- 
morp/mm,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  583,  not  Iledw. ; 
Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  77. 

Var.  tenellura.  Plants  smaller:  leaves  less  squarrose, 
glossy,  more  distant,  narrower,  longer  and  more  narrowly  acu- 
minate, longer  areolate. — IT.  Her (/enenae,  Aust.  Muse.  Appal, 
n.  391. 

Had.  On  the  ground,  roots  of  trees,  and  decaying  trunks;  plains  and 
mountains. 

The  species  is  very  variable  and  some  of  its  forms  closely  resemble 
H.  Sommerfeltii,  Myrin,  wliich  is  a  much  smaller  moss,  wiih  serrulate 
leaves.  H.  Bergenense,  Aust.,  at  first  figured  by  SuUivant  as  a  species 
for  the  Supplement  of  the  Icones,  was  later  considered  by  him  as  a  variety 
of  this  species. 


:':i\ 


lll/imum.] 


niCYACK.K. 


379 


l<n.  H.  stellatuxn,  Sclircb.  DlaviouH:  plants  r<>)iiist, 
erect  or  |>roMtr:itt',  in  tlt'i-p  loosi-  intrioati'  l)ro\vM  or  y«.'il«'W  tufts; 
Stom  wiibdi'iiotoriious,  f;istii;i:iti',  HCMrccly  radiculost' :  U-avrrt 
close,  N<|iiarroMe,  HuI»<Ieeurrciit,  (lattisli,  very  entire,  j^lossy, 
niaiketl  at  hasc  with  two  short  yelh)wi>'h  stria'  instead  of  etista; 
areohition  very  narrow,  enlarj^ed  an«I  reetanjrular  at  the  hasal 
nn«;U's;  periehiutinni  short,  the  lower  leaves  recurved  froin  the 
middle,  the  upper  erect,  plicate  lenn^thwisc,  t;radual!y  narrowed 
into  a  Ioiil;  tiliforni  point:  male  plant  smaller  and  less  divided 
than  the  fertile:  capsule  incurved,  cernuous,  oMoni^  (»r  nuI»- 
cylin<lrical,  brown,  sulcate  j'nd  constricted  under  the  orillcu 
when  empty;  operculum  hij^hly  convc\-a<'uminate ;  teeth 
oranjje  at  hase,  yellowish  ahove;  seujnu'Hts  slightly  cleft  ;  cilia 
two,  neai'ly  as  long  as  tlie  segments;  annulus  broad,  compotmd. 
—  Spicil.  Fl.  Lips.  i)'J;  liryol.  Eur.  t.  584.  A)uhh/i<t('ijiu>n 
8telhiti())i^  I^indb. 

Var.  protensum,  Bmch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Stem  drooping, 
much  branched  and  densely  ramulose,  in  dense  yellowish  green 
tufts :  leaves  shorter. 

II An.  I3o;j;j;y  prairies  and  swamps;  rare  In  fmlt.  Found  in  fniit  noar 
Lancaster,  Tennsylvania  (T.  C.  Porter).  Tlic  variety  at  Little  Falls,  N»!\v 
York;  Canada  {^fnco^m). 

132.  H.  polygamum,  Wils.  Closely  related  to  the  last, 
differing  in  its  less  robust  j>lants  in  shorter  greenish  brown  tufts, 
the  leaves  less  crowded  and  less  squ^rrose,  narrower  and  com- 
paratively longer,  ovate  or  oblong  at  base,  gradually  narrowed 
into  a  long  subulate  point,  narrowly  costate  to  below  the  point, 
and  the  areolation  looser:  pericha'tium  radiculose  below,  the 
flowers  fertile  and  bisexual,  aggregate*!  at  its  base.  —  IJryol. 
Brit.  365;  Schimp.  Coroll.  131.  Ambh/stef/itnu  jtohidamum^ 
Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  572.  //.  stellatnm,  Drumm. 
Muse.  Amer.  n.  184,  in  part. 

Hab.  British  America  (Druuimoml)',  swamps  around  Closter,  New 
Jersey  (Austin);  Chelsea,  Massachusetts  {James). 


^:  fl 


Subgenus  XVIII.    HARPIDIUM. 

Plants  with  few  brandies,  rootless,  long,  subpinnately  ramu- 
lose, more  or  less  hooked-curved.  Leaves  falcate-secund,  lili- 
formly  acurainats,  simply  costate,  of  firm  texture;  areolation 
narrow,  linear,  enlarged  toward  the  base  and  generally  inflated 


380 


BRYACE.E. 


[Ilypnum. 


r  ■ 


If    ^ 


at  the  Insal   excavated    angles.      Capsule   oblong-cylindrical, 
rcct-cernuous,  on  a  smooth  pedicel.    Operculum  shortly  convex- 
conical. 

133.  H.  aduncum,  Iledw.  Dioecious  :  stem-leaves  falcate- 
sccund,  broadly  ovate  or  lanceolate,  gradually  long-acuminate, 
It'xuous  or  half-twisted  at  the  apex,  with  a  thin  compresse«l 
costa  two-thirds  of  the  length  of  the  leaf;  those  upon  the 
branchlets  smaller,  falcate,  rarely  spreading,  soft  and  thin ; 
basilar  areolation  hexagonal-rectangula",  larger,  inflated,  jtellu- 
cid  at  the  <lecurrent  angles,  narrower  in  the  middle,  very  long, 
narrow  and  rectangular  or  rhomboidal-h  'xangular  at  the  apex ; 
basilar  pericha?tial  leaves  very  broadly  ovate,  gradually  larger 
above,  ovate  and  oblong-lanceolate,  the  inner  long-acuminate, 
narrowly  costate  and  sulcate,  all  erect,  thin,  pale :  capsule  cy- 
lindrical or  incurved-oblong,  arcuate  and  sulcate  when  dry; 
operculum  convex,  short-apiculate ;  teeth  brown;  segments 
yellow,  entire  or  cleft  between  the  articulations ;  cilia  two  or 
three,  subappendiculate ;  annulus  compound,  large.  —  Muse. 
Frond,  iv.  02,  t.  24;  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  Suppl.  IL/pmtm,  t.  1. 

Var.  intermedium.  Stems  long,  irregularly  pinnate-ramu- 
lose:  leaves  abru})tly  short-acuminate  from  an  ovate  base  or 
long-lanceolate,  subsecund ;  lower  branch-leaves  ovate,  short- 
acuminate,  ecostate,  the  middle  lanceolate,  subfalcate,  short- 
costate,  the  upper  long-lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate. — 
Schimi    1.  c,  t.  1,  B  1-8. 

Var.  Kneiffli,  Schimp.  1.  c.  Stems  long,  flexuous,  soft, 
prostrate  or  ascending,  more  divided ;  branches  sim])le  or  un- 
equally ramulose:  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  costate  to  the 
middle;  basilar  areolation  narrower,  angular,  very  large  and 
Iiexagonal  at  the  angles;  lower  perichaetial  leaves  spreading 
from  the  middle,  the  upper  deep.ly  sulcate.  —  Amblystegivm 
Kneiffii^  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  573.  Stereodon 
Kneiffii^  Mitt. 

Var.  polycarpum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  curved  down- 
ward, slender,  more  branched  and  ramulose :  leaves  loose,  open, 
subfalcate,  those  of  the  apex  falcate-secund,  soft,  green,  broadly 
ovate  or  oblong,  narrowed  at  base,  narrowly  lanceolate ;  areo- 
lation as  in  the  var.  Kneiffii:  abundantly  I'ruiting.  —  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  605,  y.  H.  pohjcarpon^  Bland.  H.  Knei^i^  Schimp. 
CoroU.  135. 


Ilypnum.] 


BRYACE^. 


381 


Var.  gracilescens,  Bmch  <fc  Schimp.  Tufts  soft,  yellowish ; 
stems  slender,  erect,  sparingly  branehinu:,  pinnately  raiuulose, 
the  upper  branchlets  longer:  leaves  smaller,  open,  falcate  or 
refle.ved  from  the  middle  or  undulate  ilexuous  at  the  apex, 
lanceolate-acuminate  from  an  enlarged  cordate  base,  costate  to 
above  the  middle;  basilar  areolation  loose,  rectangular-hexagonal, 
that  of  the  apex  long  and  flexuous-linenr ;  leaves  of  the  branch- 
lets  narrower,  lanceolate-acvmiinate,  uncijuite.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  004,  fig.  3,  22,  23,  and  t.  605,  j?. 

Var..tenue,  Bruch  &  Schimj).  Stem  prostrate  or  ascending, 
very  slender,  pinnately  or  irregularly  ramulose:  leaves  small, 
upon  the  stems  open-secund  and  ovate-lanceolate,  on  the 
branches  very  narrow  and  falcate  or  flexuous,  the  pericha3tia 
often  aggregated  ;  like  the  last,  but  more  slender  and  prostrate. 
—  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  605,  <J. 

Var.  hamatum.  Plants  very  large  and  regularly  pin- 
nately rannilose ;  branchlets  spreading,  ligid,  incurved  hamate 
at  the  apex :  young  leaves  yellowish  green,  shining,  the  old 
brown  or  blackish,  all  solid,  long-lanceolate,  acuminate,  auricu- 
late  at  the  excavated  angles ;  basal  cells  oval-rectangular,  twice 
longer  than  broad,  those  of  the  auricles  (piadrate,  the  middle 
longer  and  narrowly  hexagonal-rectangular,  the  apical  very 
narrow,  loiig,  linear-hexagonal,  diaphanous;  costa  stout,  solid, 
rather  broader  than  thick,  reaching  nearly  Lo  the  apex,  yellowish 
brown:  flowers  and  fruit  unknown.  —  If.  adioicuni,  var.  hama- 
tum  and  var.  (/if/atiteum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  606. 
JI.  hamifoHum^  Schimp.  Syn.  ed.  2,  732. 

Hah.  Swampy  ground,  bogs  and  ditclies;  vory  variable  and  common, 
but  rarely  fruiting.  Var.  (/racilesccns  in  limestone  springs,  Pennsyl- 
vania; var.  Kneiffil,  with  loose  leaves  (var.  ULrum,  Milde),  near  Closter, 
New  Jersey  (Austin);  and  var.  hamatum,  in  peat  bogs  and  on  the  bor- 
ders of  lakes  in  Minnesota,  and  in  swamps  near  Milwaukee,  AVisconsin 
(LeHqiiereux). 

134.  H.   Sendtneri,   Schimp.     Dicecious:   tufts  deep  oikI 

wide,  dirty  red  or  bright  green  at  the  surface,  fuscous  or  black 

within ;    plants    long,    simple,   flexuous,   pinnately  ramulose ; 

branchlets  involute  at  the  apex :  leaves  crow<led,  falcate-secund, 

broadly  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  hooked,  recurved 

from  the  middle,  very  concave,  somewhat  glossy,  slightly  striate 

when  dry,  and  slightly  decurrent  and  excavate  at  the  angles ; 

basilar  cells  long-rectangular,   narrower  toward  the  borders, 


% 


4 


J'      : 


882 


BRYACE^. 


[Hypnum. 


1:11 


colored  and  hyaline,  those  of  the  angles  thick,  long,  siibquad- 
rate,  dark-orange ;  i)ericha;tium  as  in  the  preceding :  capsule 
long,  cernuous,  erect  at  base  or  horizontally  arched,  cylindrical- 
oblong,  constricted  under  the  orifice  and  irregularly  sulcatc 
when  dry ;  operculum  convex,  short-aj»iculate ;  teeth  dark 
orange ;  segments  narrowly  cleft  between  the  articulations ; 
cilia  2  or  3,  as  long  as  the  segments,  stout,  subappendiculate 
and  i)unctulate;  annulus  large,  compound,  i)ersi8tent.  —  Bryol. 
Eur.  Suppl.  J/i/jmumy  t.  2,  3.     Amblysteyium  JSendtneri^  Lindb. 

Var.  Wilsoni,  Schimp.  I.  c.  Tufts  deep,  soft  or  irregularly 
drooping,  dirty  yellow  or  fuscous ;  plants  very  long  (a  foot  or 
more)  ;  stems  slender,  simple  or  scarcely  divided,  distantly  rara- 
ulose :  leaves  larger,  filiform-acuminate,  more  or  less  arcuate  or 
hooked ;  basilar  angles  shorter  and  quadrate ;  basilar  areolation 
shorter.  —  Ambh/stegium  Wilsoni^  Lindb. 

IlAn.  The  variety  only  has  been  found  in  North  America,  in  water,  at 
Budd's  Lalte,  New  Jersey  (T.  P.  Juines),  as  deicruiiued  by  Kenault. 

135.  H.  uncinatum,  Iledw.  Monoecious:  tufts  pale  or 
yellowish  green,  erect  or  droojung;  stems  solid,  distantly  pin- 
nately  ramulose ;  branchlets  attenuate-falcate  at  the  apex : 
leaves  long,  falcate-secund  or  hooked,  lanceolate-subulate,  plicate, 
minutely  serrulate  above,  thinly  costate ;  areolation  very  nar- 
row, more  enlarged  at  base,  broader  and  rectangular  at  the 
slightly  excavate  angles;  pericha3tium  very  long,  the  outer 
leaves  recurved  from  the  middle,  costate,  the  inner  very  long 
and  long  filiform-acuminate,  sharjdy  serrate  at  the  apex,  cos- 
tate and  plicate,  soft :  capsule  cernuous,  incurved  or  suberect, 
cylindrical,  solid,  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry,  brown- 
orange,  darker  when  old ;  o])erculum  orange,  highly  convex, 
conical-acuminate;  teeth  orange  at  the  base,  yellowish  above; 
segments  slightly  cleft,  and  the  two  slender  cilia  as  long  as  the 
teeth ;  annulus  broad,  of  three  rows  of  cells.  —  Muse.  Frond, 
iv.  65,  t.  45 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  600.     Stereodon  uncinatits^  Brid. 

"Var.  abbreviatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Stems  shorter: 
leaves  narrower,  incurved,  falcate :  capsule  shorter-pedicellate, 
nearly  erect,  brown. 

Var.  plumosum,  Schimp.  Droo]>ing,  widely  creeping, 
soft,  pinnately  ramulose :  leaves  hooked,  with  a  long  flexuous 
loricate  or  capillary  distantly  serrate  point:  capsule  narrow, 
cylindrical,  incurved.  —  Syn.  612. 


Ilypnuin.] 


BRYACE.E. 


383 


Var.  plumulosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  Very  small  and 
Blender,  intricately  cespitose  and  creejiing,  pinnately  ramulose: 
leaves  small,  with  a  shorter  ])oint,  curv  'd  in  a  circle,  «listantly 
serrulate  at  apex  :  cajisule  short-pedicellate,  small.  —  J/.  Pcckii^ 
Aust.  in  Kep.  Heg.  Univ.  of  State  of  N.  York,  xxv.  71. 

Var.  gracilescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  More  densely  cespi- 
tose ;  stem  erect,  slender,  densely  ramulose :  leaves  shorter, 
solid,  less  falcate. 

Var.  SUbjulaceum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stem  erect,  with 
few  branchlets,  teretely  imbricate :  leaves  erect-secund,  scarcely 
uncinate,  green,  glossy :  capsule  suberect,  cylindrical. 

Var.  fragile.  Stems  fragile,  erect,  subflexuous,  simple  or 
sparingly  branching  by  innovations :  leaves  subhomomallous, 
uncinate,  very  concave,  narrowly  acuminate,  gradually  narrowed 
at  base,  very  entire ;  areolation  linear,  fusiform ;  basilar  cells 
much  shorter,  scarcely  broader ;  those  of  the  auricles  subin- 
flated.  —  H.  Jamesii^  Aust.,  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  142. 

Hab.  On  stones  bordering  rivulets  or  on  shaded  ground,  and  rarely 
on  decayed  wood ;  very  common  in  alpine  and  subalpine  regions,  and  very 
variable. 

136.  H.  fluitans,  Linn.  Mona3cious:  plants  in  soft  loose 
yellowish  dirty  red  tufts,  often  immersed  or  floating ;  stems 
long,  slender,  with  dichotomous  divisions,  pimiately  ramulose : 
Btem-leaves  distant,  flexuous,  8[)reading,  only  those  of  the  apex 
hooked,  long-lanceolate,  gradually  narrowly  acuminate;  those 
of  the  branches  and  branchlets  narrower,  curved  to  one  side  or 
falcate-secund,  all  costate  to  near  the  apex,  concave,  not  sulcate, 
minutely  denticulate  on  the  borders;  areolation  very  narrowly 
rhomboidal,  enlarged  at  the  decurrent  angles ;  perichaetial  leaves 
costate,  the  inner  broad  and  long,  narrowly  acuminata:  capsule 
erect  at  base,  oblong,  incurved,  with  a  distinct  colhim,  soft; 
pedicel  very  long  and  flexuous;  operculum  highly  convex, 
mamillate;  teeth  short;  segments  entire;  cilia  one  or  tw'O, 
thick,  shorter  than  the  segments;  annulus  none.  —  Fl.  Succ. 
322 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  602.  Amblystegium  fluitans^  DeNot.  Briol. 
Ital.  143. 

Var.  submersum,  Schimp.  Stems  very  long  and  very 
slender,  with  few  branches  and  branchlets :  leaves  longer,  very 
soft,  flat,  pale  green  w^hen  young,  fuscous  when  old:  capsule 
shorter,  thicker,  on  a  very  long  slender  straight  pedicel. — 
Syn.  609. 


I 


•A 


w 


384 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilypnum. 


r;    a 


!  ' 


l-i 


f 


!         ' 


Var.  falcatum,  Rnieh  &  Schimp.  1.  c.  More  robust  and 
more  densely  rainulose :  leaves  larger,  more  crowded,  falcatc- 
seciind,  soI'kI,  yellowish  when  young,  brown  when  old. 

Var.  Jamesii.  Branches  long,  regularly  pinnately  ramu- 
lose :  leaves  long,  very  narrow ;  costa  stout,  nearly  percurrent. 

Had.  Ditches,  open  deep  swamps,  and  peat-bogs;  coiuuiou.  The  lust 
variety  in  tlie  Wliite  Mountains  (James). 

137.  H.  exannulatum,  Guembel.  Stems  erect  or  droop- 
ing, varying  in  length ;  branches  and  branchlets  circinnate  by 
the  incurving  of  the  leaves :  leaves  crowded,  uncinate-secund, 
the  upper  falcate,  long-lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate,  concave, 
not  sulcate,  minutely  serrate  below,  nearly  entire  above,  nar- 
rowly costate  to  near  the  a])ex,  glossy ;  areolation  vermicular, 
very  narrow,  larger  and  longer  at  base  than  in  the  middle ;  cells 
of  the  auriculate  angles  large  and  inflated,  liyaline:  ca])8ule 
long-pedicellate,  erect-incurved,  cylindrical-ol)long;  operculum 
convex-conical,  apiculate ;  peristome  perfect ;  segments  and 
cilia  (three)  as  long  as  the  teeth;  annulus  none.  —  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  603.     Amblysteginm  examiitlatuni^  DeNot.  1.  c.  142. 

Had.     Marshy  places;  Catskill  Mountains  (C.  //.  Peck)',  rare. 

Differs  from  Il.fluitans  in  the  more  solid  narrower  and  more  falcate 
leaves,  distinctly  auriculate  at  base,  the  narrower  areolation,  and  the  di- 
(ecious  inflorescence. 

138.  H.  revolvens,  Swartz.  Monajcious:  tufts  soft,  red- 
dish brown  or  nearly  black ;  stems  slender,  erect-flexuous, 
branching,  fastigiately  ramulose :  leaves  twisted  or  circinnate- 
falcate,  long  sublinear-lanceolate,  long  filiform-acuminate,  costate 
to  .above  the  middle  or  at  the  base  only  on  the  branchlets ;  areo- 
lation very  narrow,  vermicidar,  with  a  few  elongated  hyaline 
basilar  cells;  outer  perichietial  leaves  erect,  abruptly  filiform- 
acuminate  from  a  short  ovate  base,  ecostate,  the  inner  long, 
gradually  long-acuminate,  sulcate  and  narrowly  costate  to  the 
base  of  the  point :  capsule  erect  at  the  distinctly  necked  base, 
cernuous,  oblong-oval,  scarcely  constricted  under  the  orifice 
when  dry ;  operculum  convex-conical,  apiculate ;  cilia  two, 
shorter  than  the  slightly  cleft  segments;  annulus  large,  of  a 
triple  row  of  cells. — Muse.  Suec.  38,  t*.  7,  fig.  14;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  601.     Amblystegium  revolvens,  DeNot.  1.  c.  140. 

Var.  intermedium.  Leaves  more  densely  crowded,  cir- 
cinnate, shorter,  with  a  shorter  spirally  incurved  point ;  areo- 
lation shorter  and  broader. 


IJypnum.] 


BUYACE.E. 


385 


Hah.  Deep  swamps  of  Northern  Ohio  {Lcaqnereux),  sterilo;  Alaska 
{llarrinyton),  fertile.     The  variety  at  Niagara  Falls  (E.  A.  llaii). 

'I'he  variety  is  considered  by  Kenault  as  JJ.  C'oaaojii,  a  form  of  //.  cer- 
nicoitiiin. 

liiy.  H.  verniCOSUm,  Liiulb.  Dia?c'i()U8:  widely  cos]»itoso, 
dirty  green  or  yellow,  fuseous  within;  J)l5int8  long,  erect,  j)in- 
nately  nuuulose;  hranelilets  short,  si)re.'iding  at  right  jnigles, 
involute,  hooked  at  the  apex  :  leaves  very  glossy,  secund,  hamate, 
relk'xed  from  the  middle,  ovate  or  broadly  oblong-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  very  entire,  not  decurrent  nor  auriculate  at  base, 
concave  and  sulcate,  costate  to  above  tlie  middle ;  areolation 
long  and  narrovdy  vermicular,  the  lower  basilar  cells  broader, 
reddish  brown  in  two  rows;  outer  pericluetial  leaves  reflexed 
at  the  a|»ex,  the  upj)er  long,  gradually  acuminate,  costate, 
deejily  sulcate:  ca])s»de  long-])edicellate,  oblong,  subarcuate, 
horizontal,  much  arcuate  and  constricted  uiuler  the  enlarge«l 
mouth  when  dry ;  operculum  mamillate ;  peristome  large,  nor- 
mal;  annulus  broad,  compound.  —  Ilartm.  Skand.  Fl.  ed.  8, 
17;  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  Suppl.  Jlt/pnnni,  4,  t.  4.  //.  Cossoniy 
Schimp.  1.  c.  5,  t.  6.  Amhlystegiwn  vernicosum,  Lindb.  Muse. 
Seand.  33. 

Had.  Bogs,  Jordansville,  New  York  {Anstiii};  Brushhill  Gap,  near 
Easton,  Pennsylvania  (James)',  Pack  Kiver,  British  America  (LyuU). 

140.  H.  lycopodioides,  Schwacgr.  DicDcious:  plants 
large,  in  deep  soft  tufts,  yellowish  bi'own  at  the  surface,  dark 
brown  within  ;  stems  long  (15  to  20  cm.),  flexuous,  erect  or 
drooping,  with  few  dichotoraous  branches  and  distant  opei) 
branchlets,  hooked  at  the  apex :  leaves  large,  falcate  or  flexuous, 
secund,  ovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  long-acuminate,  narrowly 
costate  to  near  the  apex,  soft;  areolation  of  very  narrow  ver- 
micular undulate  cells,  the  basilar  only  shorter  and  broader,  the 
alar  (in  only  two  rows)  serrate,  quadrate;  inner  pericha3tial 
leaves  long-ovate  and  long-acuminate,  deeply  sulcate,  costate : 
capsule  erect  at  base,  cernuous  or  incurved,  short-necked,  linear- 
oblong;  operculum  highly  convex,  mfimillate;  teeth  long  and 
thick,  with  a  broad  hyaline  border;  segments  as  long  as  the 
teeth,  cleft  between  the  articulations ;  cilia  three,  long,  distantly 
nodose  at  the  articulations;  annulus  very  broad,  of  three  rows 
of  large  cells.  —  Suppl.  i.  2.  800 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  613,  614.  Ani- 
blyategium  lycopodioides^  DeNot.  Briol.  Ital.  138. 
Hab.    Bogs,  and  ditches  in  peat  meadows. 


^fW 


386 


BRYACE^E. 


[Ill/pnuin. 


141.  H.  Watsoni,  Lesq.  &  James.  Dicecious :  i)lant8 
loosely  eespltose ;  steiiis  erect,  pinnately  ramulose ;  braiielilets 
close :  leaves  liainate-sceuiul,  short  and  small,  broadly  ovate- 
oblong,  concave  at  base,  lanceolate,  more  or  less  long-acuminate, 
subulate,  very  entire,  reflexed  toward  the  apex,  obscurely  bi- 
costate  at  the  base;  areolation  very  narrow,  short-vermicular, 
uniform  throughout  the  leaf;  inner  i>ericha;tial  leaves  long 
lanceolate-acuminate,  subulate,  thin  and  whitish,  j)licate  length- 
wise :  capsule  long,  subcylindrical,  slightly  cernuous,  arcuate  and 
constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry;  operculum  obliquely 
rostrate,  muticous.  —  Proc.  Anier.  Acad.  xiv.  138.  I/,  imponens^ 
James,  Bot.  King  Exp.  410. 

IIab.  On  rocks,  Bear  River  Caflon,  Uinta  Mountains,  Utah  (Wat- 
son). 

Comparable  to  some  varieties  of  //.  nncinatum,  and  considered  by  Austin 
(Bull.  Torr.  Club,  vii.  0)  to  be  identical  with  //.  pUcaiik,  Mitt.,  //. 
Jleiffleiwi,  Juratzka,  etc. 


!»)* 

:'il 


Subgenus  XIX.     CRATONEURUM. 

Plants  varying  in  size,  with  few  branches,  regularly  pin- 
nately ramulose ;  stem  thick,  covered  by  a  dense  felt  of  radicles 
and  numerous  paraphyllia.  Leaves  cordate-lanceolate,  falcate- 
secund,  thickly  costate,  densely  areolate ;  cells  linear,  those  of 
the  decurrent  excavate  angles  loose,  dark,  subopaque.  Flowers 
dioecious.  Capsule  long-pedicellate,  large,  oblong  or  cylindrical- 
oblong,  erect  at  the  neck,  cernuous,  arcuate  when  dry.  Pedicel 
smooth. 

142.  H.  fllicinum,  Linn.  Leaves  rigid,  ovate-lanceolate, 
not  sulcate ;  costa  stout,  percurrent ;  borders  serrulate ;  cells  of 
the  basilar  decurrent  broadly  excavate  angles  abruptly  enlarged, 
orange-color ;  perichaetial  leaves  erect,  the  inner  scarcely  jjlicate, 
serrate  at  the  apex :  capsule  cylindrical-oblong ;  operculum 
convex-conical,  apiculate ;  segments  slightly  cleft ;  cilia  3,  as 
long  as  the  teeth;  annulus  simple,  narrow.  —  Spec.  PI.  1125; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  609.  Stereodon  JilicimtSj  Mitt.  Amblyategium 
filicinurrif  Lindb. 

.  Var.  trichodes,  Brid.  Stems  prostrate:  leaves  smaller, 
more  rigid,  subsecund  or  spreading. — Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  iv. 
177.     H.  dubiuniy  Dicks. 


Ifj/pnum.] 


BRYACE.E. 


387 


Var.  gracilescens,  Brul.  Very  slender,  i)rostrate  or 
creeping,  very  toinentose:  leaves  spreading  or  subseeund,  very 
small,  bright  green.  —  liryol.  Univ.  ii.  5i]l. 

Var.  elatuxn,  Sehimj).  Plants  in  soft  yellowish  brown 
tufts;  stems  10  to  15  cm.  long,  slender,  with  few  radicles  and 
j»araj)hyllia:  leaves  minute,  ovate-lanceolate,  s|)rea<ling  or  sub- 
secund. 

Var.  Ploridanum,  IJenault.  Leaves  nearly  entire ;  costa 
narrower,  vanishing  in  the  middle,  often  scarcely  <llstinct; 
radicles  and  parajthyllia  rare ;  cells  of  ih'i  basilar  angles  thick* 
walled. 

II An.  Calcareous  springs;  not  rare  in  limestone  regions.  The  last 
variety  in  Florida  {Fitzi/eruld). 

Very  variable,  especially  in  the  size  and  thiclcness  of  the  plants.  It 
differs  from  tlie  next  in  its  more  slender  Iiabit,  the  leaves  nujch  smaller, 
more  solid,  not  plicate,  and  with  a  thicker  costa,  the  areolation  shorter, 
the  annulus  of  a  simple  row  of  cells,  etc. 

143.  H.  COmmutatum,  Hedw.  Tufts  deep,  rigid,  bright 
or  yellowish  green  at  the  surface,  l)rown  and  generally  covered 
with  a  calcareous  deposit  within ;  stems  dichotomous-cristate 
and  pinnately  ramulose,  very  long,  erect  or  prostrate:  stem- 
leaves  more  distant,  deeply  cordate,  auriculate- triangular  at 
base,  narrowly  lanceolate-acuminate,  jdicate;  upper  auricles 
flat,  denticulate,  the  lower  excavate,  entire,  orange-colored ; 
costa  stout,  stil)percurrent  ;  branch-leaves  narrower,  more 
crowded,  all  twisted  at  the  apex  when  dry;  areolation  very 
narrow,  long-linear,  subflexuous ;  inner  pericha?tial  leaves  long, 
narrowly  acuminate,  deeply  plicate  and  strongly  costate :  ca]> 
sule  curved  horizontally, cylindrical-oblong;  operculum  convex- 
conical,  acuminate  or  apiculate :  teeth  large,  oi"ange ;  annulus 
large,  compound.  —  Muse  Frond,  iv.  68,  t.  24;  Bryol.  Eur.  t. 
607.     Stereodon  comnmtatus^  Mitt. 

Var.  falcatum,  Muell.  Stems  stouter,  neither  tomontose- 
radiculosc  nor  pinnately  ramulose :  leaves  larger,  more  solid, 
ovate-oblong,  less  deeply  cordate  and  less  decurrent  at  base; 
areolation  longer  and  narrower ;  costa  more  prolonged ;  peri- 
stome small  and  the  annulus  narrower.  —  Syn.  ii.  423.  II.  fal- 
catum, Brid.  Muse.  Recent,  iii.  63,  t.  1,  fig.  6 ;  Schimp.  Syn. 
ed.  2,  743. 

Hab.  Wet  rocks,  Watklns  Glen,  N.  York;  Rocky  Mountains,  S.  Colo- 
rado (Rothrock);  Mono  Pass  {Bolander);  the  variety  in  Colorado. 


VS 


V  i 


I  '  •' 


888 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilvpnum. 


"I 


1  . 


■i 

1 


11 


SuiiGENus  XX.    UIIYTIDIUM. 

Plants  robitst,  without  radicles,  irrogularly  luiinate-rainulnsc. 
Loaves  transversely  plicate,  rugose,  costate  to  the  ba»e  of  the 
point;  upper  areolation  linear-vennicular,  the  lower  sinuous, 
rectangular  in  the  nii<klle,  minutely  quadrate  at  the  liorders 
and  angles.  Flowers  dioecious.  Calyj)tra  large,  descending  to 
the  base  of  the  capsule.  Caj>8ulc  solid.  0])erculuni  rostrate. 
Annulus  very  broad, 

144.  H.  rugOSUm,  Linn.  In  wide  dirty  yellowish  or  palo 
green  tufts ;  stems  arcuate  or  erect,  stout :  stem-leaves  densely 
crowded,  imbricate-secund  or  erect-8j)reading  on  the  branchlets, 
lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate  from  a  broadly  oblong  base, 
corrugated  by  numerous  short  wrinkles,  concave,  reflexed  on 
the  borders,  sharjjly  serrate  at  the  ai)ex,  glossy;  inner  perir 
chwtial  leaves  deeply  sulcate,  ccostute,  erose,  serrate  at  the 
ajjex :  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  much  arclied,  gradually  nar- 
rowed upward  and  constricted  under  the  orifice  when  dry; 
pedicel  smooth ;  teeth  ferruginous ;  segments  broadly  split ; 
cilia  two,  as  long  as  the  segments ;  annulus  of  a  triple  row  of 
cells,  remaining  attached  to  the  oj)erculuni.  —  Mant.  i.  131; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  610.  //.  rugiilosum^  Web.  &  3Iohr.  llylocmnium 
riigosum^  DeNot.  Briol.  Ital.  99. 

Has.  Borders  of  woods,  either  dry  or  wet,  not  Tincoramon  but  gen- 
erally sterile:  found  fertile  only  at  Glen  Eyrie,  Colorado,  on  a  sandy 
slope,  by  T.  C.  Porter. 

145.  H.  robustum,  Hook.  Stem  creeping;  branches  very 
stout,  drooping,  yellowish  green :  leaves  densely  imbricate,  ap- 
pressed,  homomallous,  transversely  rugose-striate,  distinctly 
j)licate  lengthwise  below,  scarious,  ovate-lanceolate,  long-acu- 
minate, subserrulate  toward  the  apex,  bicostate  or  rarely  simply 
costate  to  near  the  middle ;  borders  revolute ;  cells  very  narrow, 
the  alar  scarcely  different ;  perichjetial  leaves  whitish,  reflexcd, 
loosely  reticulate  at  base :  capsule  oblong-cylindrical,  cernuous ; 
pedicel  purple ;  operculum  conical,  obtuse,  mamillate,  —  Muse. 
Exot.  t.  108 ;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.  t.  261 ;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  256. 
Stereoclon  robustus,  Mijtt.  Jouni.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  41. 

Hab.  Northwesterji  coast  (Henziea);  Oregon  (Mohr);  Fort  Colville 
{Lyall);  Bocky  Mountains  of  British  America  {Drummond)\  North- 
western Montana  ( Watson). 


V. 


IJypnwn.] 


DRYACEi^E. 


389 


Subgenus  XXI.    CTENIUM. 

Plants  large,  in  denso  Ioohu  riyid  tufts;  stems  erect  or  proeum- 
bent,  strict,  couipressed,  siniitle  or  dieliotonious,  closely  and  rey;- 
ularly  pinnate-raniulose  ;  branches  frondiforni ;  branehlets  cl»)se. 
Leaves  falcate-secnnd,  sulcate.  Flowers  dia'ciuus.  Capsule 
long-pedicel lato,  arcuate,  cylindrical-oblong.  Opercidmn  broadly 
conical,  apicidate. 

146.  H.  crista-castrensiS,  Linn.  Tufts  yellowish  green  ; 
stems  simple  or  forking  by  innovations,  rigid,  long;  branehlets 
horizontally  divergent,  recurved  ut  the  apex  :  stem-leaves  broad 
and  incund)ent  at  base,  gradually  long  lanceolate-acuminate, 
twisted,  falcate,  deeply  sulcate,  thin,  with  a  short  double  costa 
or  none,  sharply  serrate  from  the  middle  upward ;  paraphyllia 
numerous,  long,  narrowly  lanceolate ;  branch-leaves  closer, 
narrower,  falcate-secund,  less  distinctly  serrate,  ecostate ;  jieri- 
chtetium  long-sheathing,  whitish ;  pericluetial  leaves  deeply 
sulcate,  ecostate,  greenish  brown  when  ripe,  dirty  yellow  when 
empty :  teeth  orange  below,  pale,  serrate  and  8ul>ulatc  above ; 
cilia  three  or  four,  thick,  as  long  as  tho  cleft  segments;  nnnulus 
simple,  narrow.  —  Si)ec.  PI.  11*25;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  599.  tStere- 
odon  crista-castrensisy  Mitt.  1.  c.  l*tUium  crista-castrensisy 
DeNot.  Briol.  Ital.  101. 

Had.  riue  woods,  on  the  ground  and  old  prostrate  logs;  in  mountain 
regions. 

Subgenus  XXIL    CTENIDIUM. 

Plants  with  few  or  no  radicles;  branches  closely  pinnately 
ramulose.  Leaves  circinnate-secund.  Flowers  <li(ecious.  Cajv 
sule  subhorizontal,  short-pedicellate,  thick,  solid,  turgid-ovate. 
Operculum  large,  convex,  conical-apiculate. —  Ctenidiuni^  Mitt. 

147.  H.  molluscum,  Hedw.  In  wide  tumescent  or  fastig- 
iate  soft  bright  or  yellowish  green  tufts ;  stems  procumbent  or 
ascending,  generally  eratliculose :  leaves  croAvded,  circinn.ite- 
falcate  downward,  flexuous  when  dry,  abruptly  narrowly  lan- 
ceolate-acuminate from  a  broadly  obcordate  decurrent  base, 
sharply  serrate  all  around;  areolation  very  dense,  narrow, 
minutely  round-quadrate  at  the  angles;  paraphyllia  ovate- 
lanceolate;    perichaBtium    short,   5-leaved,    the    inner  oblong, 


890 


BRYACE^. 


[lll/pnum. 


\..t 


abruptly  narrowly  ncuminato:  vaj^inule  short,  hairy:  ca|isulo 
on  a  thick  |»iMlifol,  chcNtimt-color ;  ptM'iHtuine  <Urty  yellow; 
cilia  two  or  ihrt't-,  stout,  as  long  as  the  cU'ft  si'ginfiits;  annulus 
very  lari;e.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  5(5,  t.  ii'J;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  oUH. 
Cteniditun  mullascnui^  Mitt. 

Var.  COndensatum,  Schimp.  Drooping  tufts  densely 
intricate,  velvety;  stems  shorter,  more  robust,  less  regularly 
pinnate :  leaves  broader  falcate,  the  apical  close,  jiectinate, 
hooked:  capsule  shorter-pedicellate.  —  Syn.  GIJ2. 

Var.  erectum,  Schimj*.  1.  c.  Stems  erect,  less  divided : 
leaves  narrow. 

Hah.  IStuiius  and  rocks,  shadud  hills  and  woods,  mostly  in  mountain 
regions. 

SuHiJKxi's  XXIII.  IIYPNUM,  proper.  (TM.  G.) 
Stems  generally  creeping,  more  or  less  regularly  pinnate- 
ramulose.  Leaves  close,  falcate-secund,  very  rarely  equally 
sjireading,  ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly  acuminate;  areolation 
linear,  minutely  (puub'atc  at  the  angles;  inner  perichietial 
leaves  sulcate;  para])hyllia  few.  Capsulo  cylindrical-oblong; 
pedicel  smooth  ;  operculum  large,  rostrate  or  convex-conical. 

148.  H.  reptile,  IMichx.  Plants  drooping,  in  wide  loose 
tufts,  pale  or  dirty  green ;  stems  branching,  subpinnato  or 
j>innately  ramulose ;  branchlets  erect,  incurved  :  leaves  crowded, 
lanceolate-acuminate  from  an  oblong  base,  sharply  serrate  above, 
concave,  flat  or  recurved  on  the  borders ;  costa  double,  short, 
dirty  yellow ;  paraphyllia  few  and  very  small,  lanceolate  or 
palmate;  inner  i>erichajtial  leaves  long-acuminate,  sulcate,  bi- 
costate,  serrate  at  the  apex:  capsule  8ul)erect  or  slightly  cernu- 
ous,  cylindrical,  ochraceous,  curved  above  when  dry  ;  oi^CiVuIum 
large,  yellow,  narrowly  rostrate  from  a  highly  convex-base; 
teeth  subulate-acuminate,  orange  at  base;  segments  cleft  be- 
tween the  articulations;  cilia  shorter  than  the  segments; 
annulus  large,  compound.  —  Fl.  Bor.-Amer.  ii.  315;  Bryol.  Eur. 
t.  587.  Leskea  paUescena^  Hedw.  Spec.  Muse.  219,  t.  55,  f.  1-6. 
H.  pallesceus,  Beauv.  Prodr.  67.  Stereoclon  pallescens,  Lindb. 
Fl.  Crypt.  Asisi3  Bor.-Orient.  in  Act.  Soc.  Sci.  Fenn.  x.  254. 

Var.  protuberans.  Plants  smaller :  leaves  narrower,  longer 
acuminate,  serrate  all  a/ound :  annulus  narrow,  simple.  —  Lindb. 


IIl/imHin.] 


IIUYACE.E. 


801 


1.  ('.,  as  Stereodon.  IL  protHheram^  Hrid.  nryol.  Univ.  ii.  WVi. 
JI.  jmllcHctHS^  nrueli  &,  Scliiiii)).  IJryol.  Kur.  t.  580;  Aust.  Muhc. 
Appal.  II.  414. 

JIaii.  liurk  1111(1  trunks  of  trocs,  citlior  d«>cnyt!(l  or  living,  in  Hiiltalpino 
rcgiuns;  very  ouniinun  ami  variublu,  but  ruru  in  tliu  pliiina  exci'itt  nortli- 
wurd. 

14!>.  H.  fertile,  Scndt.  Tufts  soft,  coinprcsstMl,  yfjlowish 
or  pale  ^roi'ii ;  steins  dt'iist'ly  pinnatc-rainulosc,  crci'iilnj; :  Icavt's 
lonu:,  ovate  at  base,  Hiibulatt'-acuininato,  iniluirate,  wcnml, 
sulH'ireinnately  hooked  when  dry ;  lionlers  retlexed  toward  the 
base,  ininutely  serrulate  at  the  apex;  costa  double,  yellow  aii<l 
very  obseure,  or  none ;  perieluetluni  lonj^,  K(|uarrulose  below, 
the  inner  leave!"  lon<jf,  ereet,  gradually  aeiiininate,  narrowly 
costato:  capsule  loii<5-pedicellate,  ineurved-eeriiuous,  oval  or 
oblonu^,  turbid,  soft,  darker  colored  underneath,  scarcely  nar- 
rowed under  the  orltice  when  dry;  operculum  lari;e,  hit^hly  con- 
vex,  niaiuillate  and  apiculate;  teeth  larjjje,  ferruu;inous  below; 
segments  nearly  entire;  cilia  two  or  three,  perfect,  not  a|>pen- 
dleulate;  nnniilus  large,  compound.  —  Ifegensb.  Denkschr.  iii. 
147;  Brvol.  Eur.  t.  51)1. 

IIau.  rrostratc  trunks,  moist  rocks,  etc.,  in  woods  on  hills  and  inoun- 
taina;  not  common. 

150.  H.  hamulosum,  liruch  ifc  Scliim)).  Densely  cespitosp, 
yellow  or  ])ale  reddish-brown ;  stems  slender,  fragile,  regul.'irly 
pinnate-ramulose :  leaves  haniulose-secund,  ovate  at  base,  gradu- 
ally narrowly  lanceolate-acuminate,  slightly  denticulate  at  the 
apex;  costa  double,  obsolete  or  none;  areol:ition  n.'irrowly 
hexagonal-vermicular,  with  a  single  row  of  slightly  enlarged 
cells  at  the  angles;  inner  perichrotial  leaves  ecostate :  capsule 
incurved-cernuous,  nearly  horizontal,  oval  or  oblong-cylindrical ; 
operculum  highly  convex,  long-aj)iculate ;  peristome  as  in  the 
last,  but  more  delicate ;  annulus  double.  —  liryol.  Eur.  t.  590. 
Stereodon  hamidosus^  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  38. 

II An.    Rocky  Mountains  (Drnmiiioud). 

151.  H.  depressulum,  Muell.  Diffei-s  from  the  last  in  its 
shining  yellow  color,  the  leaves  more  distant,  imbricate-secund 
or  homomallous,  ovate-lanceolate,  narrowly-actmiinate,  subser- 
rulate  at  the  apex,  obsoletely  bicostate,  the  cells  ellii>tical,  less* 
compact,  the  alar  enlarged-quadrate  and  pellucid,  the  capsule 
smaller,  turgid-oval,  cernuous,  the  lid  shorter,  conical-acute, 
not  rostrate.  —  Regensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  91  (1875).    JL  hamido- 


it; tit;  ■' 

1 


r 

4 


892 


BRYACE/E. 


[Ill/ I'll  inn. 


turn  (?),  Siilliv.  &  L<»8q.  MuBo.  Bor.-Amcr.  Exsicc.  (ed.  ii), 
n.  478. 

II All.  Decayed  trunks;  White  Mountains  {OnkcH,  Jumfn), 
ir)2.  H.  oircinale,  I  look.  SU'Mih  l<ui;jf,  rpoplnjr,  |»iniiat<'ly 
LraiH'Iiifij^,  Hoxuoiis;  hriinchos  nnmcroiiH,  Hhort  and  liori/oiital 
or  lonf^iT  and  Hcxiioiim:  IcavcH  yt'llowisli  j;;ri'C'ii,  darker  t'oloivd 
at  base,  nocund,  circiimatc,  lanct'olatc,  Ionif-suI»uIat»',  concave 
Ih'Iow,  plane  and  suliMi'rratc  at  the  point,  econtate  ;  perichtutial 
leaves  erect,  more  diHtinctly  serrate:  capsule  oval,  cernuoiis, 
Hiilipeiident,  red«lisli  hrown ;  operculum  short,  conical ;  inner 
peristome  yellow;  cilia  one  or  two,  as  lon^  as  the  entire  seuf- 
nients.  —  Muse.  Exot.  t.  107;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  318.  Stcraodon 
circi'iinlhy  IJrid. 

H All.    On  trees,  Nortliwost  coa^H ^f(^nzlcft) ;  V.-incouvpr  Island  ( L]fr  II). 

The  author  renmrks  that  the  species  approaclies  the  nearest  to  //. 
ciii>rfH8lfnrmr,  but  that  It  has  tho  leaves  much  more  incurved  and  the 
capsule  drooping. 

I'i'i.  H.  Sequoieti,  Mnell.  Much  resembling  slender  forms 
of  J/,  cupressifonne  ;  prostrate,  the  branches  droopinj?,  p.ale  or 
dirty  jjreen  :  leaves  small,  circinnate-falcate,  enlarpfed  at  base  on 
one  side  and  auricled,  narrower  and  symmetrical  on  t)ie  otlier, 
oblonj^j,  gradually  narrowed  into  a  long  f.'deate  distinctly  serru- 
late ])oint,  deeply  concave,  obsoletely  bicostate,  yellow  at  base, 
])ale  above ;  cells  short,  narrow,  linear,  the  alar  vesiculose,  dark 
yellow;  i)ericha;tial  leaves  broadly  ovate,  passing  into  a  long 
denticulate  subereet  point :  caftsule  small,  oval,  slightly  inclined, 
chestnut-color;  operculum  short,  conical;  segments  whitish, 
scarcely  cleft ;  cilia  single,  as  long  as  the  segments,  very  slender, 
punctulate.  —  Regensb.  Flora,  Iviii.  91  (1875).  //.  circinale^ 
Sulliv.  (&  Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  (ed.  2),  n.  474. 

Hau.    California,  on  trunks  of  Sequoia  aewpefvirens  (lioland^'r). 

Probaljly  a  variety  of  tlie  last.  The  cliaracters  indicated  above  do  not 
appear  important  enougli  to  autliorize  a  separation,  the  mosses  of  this 
section,  especially  those  of  California,  being  extremely  variable.  The 
unequal  base  of  the  leaves,  auricled  on  one  side  only,  is  distinctly  marked 
in  fig.  4  of  Hooker's  plate  of  //.  circtnale,  representing  an  enlarged  leaf, 
and  the  capsule  is  represented  as  more  incurved  than  Mueller  describes  it; 
the  areolation  is  not  described  or  figured  by  Hooker,  but  he  mentions  the 
yellow  color  of  the  processes. 

*  *  Flowers  dicecious, 

154.  H.  callichrOUIll,  Brid.  Dicecious  or  pseudo-monce- 
cions :  tufts  soft,  tumid,  bright  green ;  stems  slender,  flexuous. 


rl 


Ilypnum.  \ 


HUYACE.E. 


89« 


wlthoiit  rndlolos,  pinnatcly  rniniilom' :  loavon  «oft,  rrnw<h'«l, 
falcjiti'-wciind  or  Hiibcircinrmtt',  hrojully  ovnt^'-concMvr  at  ham', 
narrowly  lanceolate,  loiii^-acuininatc,  very  entire,  reoMtate  or 
nearly  HO ;  eellH  very  Ioiil;  and  narrow,  HulttlexnoiiM,  olitnse  at 
lK)tli  en<ls,  Itroader  and  (jiiadrani^ular  at  the  excavate  an<j;leM, 
yellow  like  the  haNilar  onen :  male  thiwers  on  separate  plants 
KJmilar  to  the  fertile  ones,  occasionally  in  leafy  radiculose  •^em- 
mules  in  the  axils  of  fertile  plants;  iinier  periclnetial  leaves 
lonj^,  hroadly-ovate,  half  sheathing  at  hase,  sliufhtly  sulcate, 
narrowed  to  u  strai^d)t  tiliforni  point,  ocostate  :  eapsnie  ohion;;, 
dark  red,  sli^j^htly  ineline<l  or  cernuous  npon  a  tiexuous  reddish 
jK'dicel ;  operculum  lar^i',  hij^hly  convex,  sharply  a|»iciilate, 
orange-colored;  perist()nie  perfect;  cilia  three,  as  lonuf  as  the 
segments;  nnnuhis  very  large. —  Hryol.  Univ.  ii.  iVM;  IJryol. 
Eur.  t.  590.  7/.  huwuloHum,  Wils.  liryol.  lirit.  auO,  t.  68. 
Stereodon  culUchrouB^  Hri^l.  I.  c. 
IIah.    Shelburiio,  Xova  Scotia  (JamcH). 

155.  H.  imponens,  Iledw.  Tufts  flat,  yellowish  green : 
leaves  imhricate,  two-ranke<l  on  the  lower  side,  circinnate-secund, 
loricate-filiform  from  a  hroaiUy  ovate-ohlong  base;  borders 
reflexe<l  below,  minutely  and  distantly  serrulate  all  around  or 
subentire,  orange  at  base,  minutely  auriculate  at  the  angles; 
costa  obsolete,  double  or  none;  cells  very  narrow,  linear,  sul»- 
flexuous,  enlarged  (piadrato  at  the  basilar  angles ;  brar  -h-leaves 
much  narrower,  hooked  and  convolute  at  the  ajtex  of  the 
branches;  paraphyllia  large,  palmate  or  lanceolate;  perichaitial 
leaves  gradually  narrowed  to  a  long  filiform  fiexuous  serrulate 
point,  ecostato:  capsule  long-pedicellate,  suberect  or  slightly 
incurved,  cylindrical,  pale  brown,  darker  with  age;  of»erculum 
convex,  obliquely  long-aj)iculate  or  subrostellate,  orange  at  the 
apex ;  cilia  single,  apjiendiculate  and  punctulate,  as  long  as  the 
slightly  cleft  segments;  annulus  large,  compound,  a<lherent. — 
Spec.  Muse.  290,  t.  77  ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  597.  Stereodon  imponens^ 
Brid.  1.  c.  618. 

Had.    Wooils,  on  decayed  trunks  and  shaded  roots  of  trees;  common. 

156.  H.  SUbimponenS,  Lesq.  Similar  to  the  last  in  aspect, 
mode  of  growth,  color,  etc.,  but  differing  in  its  few  dichotomous 
branches,  the  leaves  narrower,  glossy,  lanceolate,  shorter-acu- 
minate from  a  slightly  enlarged  base,  entire  or  very  slight'y  ser- 
rulate at  the  apex,  ecostate,  the  cells  narrower,  those  of  the 


■^>i 


394 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilypnum. 


angles  very  few  and  gmall  or  none,  the  angles  not  excavate  nor 
auriculate,  the  periclia?tial  leaves  larger,  oblong,  abruptly  nar- 
rowed into  a  shorter  filiform  fiexuous  sUghtly  serrulate  point, 
neither  costate  nor  sulcate,  the  oj)erculum  obtuse  at  the  highly 
conic'il  apex,  the  cilia  two,  not  appendiculate,  and  the  annulus 
large,  simple,  revoluble.  —  Trans.  Araer.  Phil.  Soc.  xiii.  14; 
Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse.  Hor.  Amer.  Exsiec.  (ed.  2),  n.  475 ;  Sulliv. 
Icon.  Muse.  Suppl.  103,  t.  79.  Stereodon  jjlntui/e)',  Mitten, 
Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  41,  t.  7. 

Hah.  Shaded  rocks  iu  woods;  Northwest  coast  {Menziea,  Doiiglaa); 
Vancouver  Island  and  British  Cohnnbia  (/,?/««);  Bitterroot  Mountains, 
Northern  Idalio  (  Wataon) ;  California,  at  Oakland,  the  Big  Tree  Grove,  etc. 
{liolander). 

The  only  difference  mentioned  by  Mitten  between  H.  pliim{fer  and  this 
species  is  in  the  lid,  which  he  describes  as  sliort  and  subulate-rostrate. 
Cc:nparison  of  authentic  spcoitnens  shows  it  to  be  of  the  same  form  in 
both,  more  or  less  obtusely  pointed. 

157.  H.  plicatile.  Fastigiately  branching:  leaves  falcate- 
secund,  broadly  ovate-acuminate,  hooked,  rugnlose,  subplieate 
when  dry,  with  borders  reflexed  and  very  entire,  those  of  the 
branches  serrulate  at  the  apex ;  costa  short ;  cells  of  the  basal 
angles  numerous,  short,  small,  somewhat  obscure,  the  upper 
short  and  narrow;  perichajtial  leaves  erect,  the  inner  broadly 
oblong-lanceolate,  subulate,  entire,  acuminate,  plicate :  capsule 
long-pedicellate,  cylindrical,  erect  at  base,  curved  in  the  middle ; 
operculum  conicjil ;  segments  yellow,  cleft  between  the  articu- 
lations ;  cilia  two,  as  long  as  the  segments,  nodulose.  —  /Stereodon 
plicatiliSj  Mitten,  1.  c.  40. 

Had.  Davis  Straits  {Taylor);  Rocky  Moimtains  of  British  America 
(Bourgeau)]  Schonberger's  Gallon,  Rocky  Mountains,  S.  W.  Montana 
{Watfton). 

Differing  from  all  the  states  of  //.  ciipresxiforme  in  the  strongly  reflexed 
margins  of  the  leaves,  and  in  the  short  cells. 

158.  H.  CUpressiforme,  Linn.  Widely  cespitose;  tuft 
.oppressed,  fastigiate  or  inflated  in  the  middle,  soft,  pale  green 
or  yellowish  brown,  more  or  less  glossy ;  stems  branching  irreg- 
ularly or  pinnately  ramulose :  leaves  densely  crowded,  imbricate 
upward  in  two  ranks,  falcate  in  both  directions,  narrowly 
lanceolate-acuminate  from  an  ovate  or  oblong  base,  concave, 
erect  or  slightly  recurved  on  the  borders,  auriculate-concave  at 
the  Recurrent  angles,  e.itire  or  slightly  serrulate  at  the  apex ; 
costa  double,  short,  obsolete ;   cells  very  narrow,  vermicular, 


"•-*r^ 


Jlypnum.] 


BRlACEiE. 


395 


those  of  the  angles  large,  qua<lrate,  hyaline  or  yellow ;  outer 
perlt'htetial  leaves  8j)rca(rmg  from  the  middle,  the  inner  sul)- 
clas|)ing,  abruptly  narrowly  acuminate,  serrulate,  obscurely 
short-bicostate :  capsule  erect  or  Micurved,  oblong  or  subcyl- 
indrical,  chestnut-color,  slightly  constricted  below  the  orifice 
when  dry;  operculum  convex  at  base,  with  a  short  narrow 
beak ;  teeth  ferruginous  and  confluent  at  base,  j)ale  dirty  color 
above ;  segments  cleft ;  cilia  one  or  two,  more  or  less  jierfect ; 
aimulus  triple,  persistent.  —  Spec.  PI.  1120;  Hedw.  Muse. 
Frond,  iv.  59,  t.  *23 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  594,  595.  Stereodon  cii- 
press fJ'o7')nis^  IJrid. 

Var.  tectorum,  Brid.  More  robust ;  tufts  intricate,  round, 
flattened  on  the  l)order8,  tumescent  in  the  miildle,  fuscous  green  ; 
branchlets  close :  leaves  longer-acuminiite :  capsule  incurved, 
oblong.  —  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  612. 

Var.  brevisetum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Densely  cespitose, 
velvety  green ;  branches  and  branchlets  erect,  fastigiate,  sub- 
terete  :  leaves  densely  imbricate,  slightly  subsecund  ot  erect, 
shorter,  more  concave,  narrowly  acuminate:  capsule  short- 
pedicellate,  subarcuate,  oblong;  operculum  acute. 

Var.  uncinatulum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Short,  slender  and 
small ;  branchlets  uncinate  at  the  apex :  leaves  shorter  and 
narrower :  capsule  short-pedicellate,  very  small ;  operculum 
long-beaked. 

Var.  flliforme,  Brid.  Tufts  com]>rcssed  or  pendent ;  stems 
very  long,  filiform,  with  few  branches,  often  interruptedly  foliate : 
leaves  densely  crowded  or  loose,  secund  and  suberect  or  spread- 
ing equally :  caj)sule  small,  the  fruit  rare. 

Var.  mamillatum,  Brid.  Tufts  dejiressed,  bright  green, 
glossy :  leaves  obliquely  imbricate,  two-ranked,  falcate-secund, 
tumid  at  base :  operculum  mammiform. 

Var.  ericetorum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Stems  long  and  slender, 
in  soft  pale  green  tufts,  pinnately  ramulose :  leaves  narrower, 
less  crowded,  circinnate-falcate :  capsule  on  a  longer  slender 
pedicel,  sliorter,  incurved ;  operculum  short,  subulate. 

Var.  elatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Robust,  in  wide  loose 
tufts,  variegated  brown ;  stems  erect,  with  few  branchlets, 
thickly  foliate :  leaves  larger  and  broader,  very  concave, 
abruptly  acuminate,  yellowish  green  :  capsule  erect,  cylindrical, 
incurved  under  the  orifice. 


c;:ilii 

I 


I 


896 


BRYACE^. 


[Uypnum. 


m  I 


'i!     ( 


.-.i« 


;i    H 


lt\     n 


Var.  longirostre,  Bmch  ifc  Schimp.  Loosely  intricate- 
oespitose,  drooping ;  stems  slender,  much  branched  and  ramu- 
lose:  leaves  subsecund:  capsule  slender,  erect;  operculum 
subulate-rostrate. 

Had.  Trunks,  roots  of  trees,  stones,  etc. ;  very  common  In  raotuitain 
regions,  and  very  variable.  Besides  the  more  important  varieties  described 
and  figured  by  Urucli  &  Scliimper,  as  above,  tliere  are  numerous  more  or 
less  marked  intermediate  forms  wliich  render  the  determination  of  the 
species  ditticult  and  often  uncertain. 

159.  H.  CUrvifolium,  Hedw.  Plants  large,  intricate,  ces- 
pitose,  yellowish  green,  glosniy ;  stems  prostrate,  with  few 
brancl»es,  i)innately  raniulose;  branchlets  short,  unequal,  com- 
pressed :  leaves  crowded,  imbricate  in  two  rows,  falcate-secund 
sidewise,  auricled-cordate  at  base,  gradually  long-acuminate, 
concave,  slightly  serrulate  above,  ecostate  or  shortly  and  obso- 
letely  bieostate;  cells  very  narro*v,  linear,  flexuous,  pale,  at  the 
base  and  angles  shorter,  broader  and  golden  yellow ;  perichaetial 
leaves  whitish,  numerous,  erect,  close,  loosely  areolate,  the  inner 
sheathing:  capsule  long-pedicellate,  large,  oblong,  turgid,  in- 
curved-cernuous,  thin,  arcuate  and  distinctly  costate  when  dry ; 
operculum  conical,  apiculate ;  teeth  yellow,  broadly  l.tmellate 
inside ;  segments  slightly  cleft ;  cilia  two  or  three,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  segments ;  annidus  triple,  re  voluble.  —  Spec.  Muse.  285, 
t.  75;  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  74,  and  Icon.  Muse.  183, 
t.  114.     Stereodon  curvifolius,  Brid.  1.  c.  613. 

Hab.  Growing  in  large  mats  on  decayed  logs  in  shady  woods;  very 
common. 

Sterile  specimens  of  a  peculiar  aspect,  generally  considered  as  a  variety 
of  this  species,  appear  to  be  an  intermediate  form  between  it  and  //. 
arcuatum,  Lindb.,  differing  from  //.  curvifoUum  in  the  base  of  the  leaves 
excavate,  auricled  or  decurrent,  with  very  long  alar  cells,  and  the  borders 
less  generally  denticulate.  Renault,  who  has  made  a  special  study  of  this 
group,  considers  this  form  as  rather  a  species  than  a  variety.  It  abounds 
around  Baltimore  (communicated  by  J.  Donnell  Smith,  Fitzgerald,  etc.), 
but  as  yet  only  found  sterile. 

160.  H.  COmplexum.  Widely  cespitose,  pinnately  ramu- 
lose :  leaves  secund,  larger  at  the  base,  ovate-lanceolate,  hooked, 
concave,  shortly  bieostate;  borders  very  entire;  basal  cells 
numerous,  short,  subquadrate,  obscure,  the  upper  long,  narrow, 
slightly  prominent  at  the  upper  end ;  perichjetial  leaves  long, 
erect,  oblong,  subulate,  the  inner  lanceolate,  abruptly  subulate, 
subserrate,  plicate :  capsule  cylindrical,  unequal,  inclined ;  teeth 


if 


"^■ 


Ut/pntim.] 


BRYACE.E. 


897 


yellow,  subulate  from  the  middle ;  segments  narrow ;  eilia  two. 

—  iStereodon  conq)lexuSy  jNJ'tten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  41. 

II AU.    On  rocks  between  Fort  Williaiu  and  Cumberland  House,  British 
America  (Richardson). 

101.  H.  pratense,  Koch,  Ms.  Dia'cious  and  pseudo-mon- 
oecious: tufts  pale  jjreen  and  soft;  stems  without  radicles, 
prostrate  or  suberect,  irregularly  and  8i)arsely  sub]>iimate,  ramu- 
lose  above :  leaves  crowded,  plane  and  subsecund  ui»on  the 
stem  and  branches,  falcate-secund  on  the  branehlets,  broadly 
oblong-lanceolate,  subconcave,  very  entire,  obsoletely  short- 
bicostate;  cells  very  narrowly  rhomboidal-vermicular,  large, 
inflated,  hyaline  at  the  concave  angles;  inner  pericha;tial  leaves 
long-lanceolate,  short-acuminate,  plicate :  capsule  oblong  or 
turgid-ovate,  incurved,  cernuous,  arcuate  when  dry ;  ])edicel 
long,  twisted  to  the  left  above  when  dry,  to  the  right  below ; 
operculum  convex-conical ;  annulus  triple :  inflorescence,  peri- 
stome and  annulus  as  in  //  callichroum.  —  13ruch  &  Schunp. 
Bryol.  EiJ*.  t.  Gil.  II.  cnrvifoliinn,  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  292,  in  part. 
II.  amoennm,  Drumm.  Muse.  Amer.  n.  190,  in  part. 

Had.    Boggy  places  on  the  ground;   Carlton  House  {Drinnmond); 
Pennsylvania  {Jnmes);    New  Jersey  {Lanniug,  Austin). 

102.  H.  Bamberger!,  Schimp.  Pulvinate-cespitose ;  plants 
yellowisli  green,  tinged  with  brown ;  stems  erect ;  branches 
fastigiate,  simj)le  or  with  short  branehlets :  leaves  close,  glossy, 
secund  and  laterally  compressed  on  both  sides  of  the  stem,  erect 
at  base,  circinnate  or  subflexuous  at  the  apex,  ovate-oblong, 
gradually  lanceolate-subulate,  very  concave ;  borders  erect,  very 
entire;  costa  yellowish,  simple  or  bifid,  with  unequal  divisions ; 
cells  vermicular,  somewhat  long,  those  of  the  minutely  auricled 
angles  few,  small,  quadrate,  and  orange-color:  fruit  imknown. 

—  Syn.  098.     Stereodon  circidaris^  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
viii.  42.     iS.  Hambergeriy  Lindb. 

Had.    Beechey  Island  and  Wellington  Channel  (Lyall). 

*  #  #  leaves    spreading    or  partly    Jiomomallous :   floicera 

moncecioua. 

103.  H.  Haldanianum,  Grev.  Tufts  loose,  irregulari 
yellowish  or  fuscous  green ;  stems  long,  creeping,  irregularly 
pinnate-ramulose ;  branehlets  distant,  unequal,  subcompressed : 
stem-leaves  homomallous,  those  of  the  divisions  erect,  spreading, 
ovate  and  broadly  oblong-lanceolate,  very  entire;  cells  of  the 


■il 


898 


BRYACE^E. 


[Ilypnum. 


1^ 


it 
;-t 

In 


iliiS 


concave  angles  large,  quadrate ;  paraphyllia  large ;  perichietial 
leaves  spreading  and  erect  from  the  middle,  tljc'  inner  long, 
filifonn-apiculate,  concave,  not  plicate :  cai)siile  erect  or  curved 
above,  cylindrical,  rostellate ;  teeth  connate  at  base ;  segments 
slightly  cleft ;  cilia  generally  solitary,  shorter  than  the  segments, 
sometimes  none ;  annulus  narrow.  —  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist, 
i.  275,  t.  23 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  592.  //.  ciirvirostrum^  Brid.  Bryol. 
Univ.  ii.  482.     Stereodon  Ilaklanei^  Lindb. 

IIab.  Decayed  trunks  and  damp  clayey  ground  in  woods,  in  mountain 
regions. 

164.  H.  nemorosum,  Koch.  Slightly  more  robust  than 
the  last;  tufts  drooping,  dirty  green ;  stems  long,  much  divided, 
subpinn.'itely  ramulose,  continued  by  long  radiculose  innova- 
tions :  stem-leaves  o[)en,  erect,  those  of  the  branchlets  secund, 
ovate-oblong,  abruptly  acuminate,  the  uj)per  lanceolate,  all 
concave,  reflexed  on  the  borders  below,  generally  ecostate, 
sharply  serrate  at  the  apex  ;  paraphyllia  multiform ;  perichajtial 
leaves  erect-spreading,  the  inner  oblong,  narrowed  into  a  some- 
what long  coarsely  serrate  point,  revolute  on  the  borders,  with 
one  or  two  strife:  capside  erect  at  base,  incurved,  oblong- 
cylindrical,  ferruginous;  pedicel  slender,  twisted  to  the  right 
above;  lid  turgid  at  base,  long-conical;  teeth  orange  at  base, 
pale  above ;  segments  somewhat  cleft ;  cilia  two,  nearly  as  long; 
annulus  narrow,  persistent  or  attached  to  the  lid.  —  Brid.  1.  c. 
422;  Bryol.  Eui.  t.  593.  H.  siibrectifoUum,  Sulliv.  Muse. 
Allegh.  n.  15. 

Has.  Decayed  wood;  high  mountains  of  North  Carolina  (SulUtant, 
Gray,  Leaquereiix). 

Subgenus  XXII.    LIMNOBIUM. 

Plants  prostrate,  with  few  radicles,  irregularly  branching  and 
ramulose.  Leaves  generally  secund,  soft,  broadly  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  very  concave,  generally  narrowly  and  uneqjially 
bicostate ;  perichastial  leaves  sulcate.  Capsule  incurved,  cernu- 
ous,  turgid-ovate  or  oblong.  Operculum  convex-conical  or 
mamillate.    Annulus  large. — Limnobium^  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

•*-  Flowers  monoecious. 

165.  H.  palustre,  Huds.  Tufts  large,  depressed,  blackish 
or  yellowish  green ;  stems  more  or  less  long  and  divided,  naked 


T 


Hypnum.] 


BRYACE^. 


899 


when  old;  branchlets  ascending  or  drooping:  leaves  close,  open 
or  secund,  tovate  or  oblong-lunceolate,  concave,  narrowed  and 
decurrent  at  base,  very  en*l  'e;  costa  simple,  reaching  above  the 
middle,  or  double  and  short;  alar  cells  few  and  large,  quad- 
rangular ;  inner  perichajtial  leaves  long-lanceolate,  plicate :  caj>- 
sule  brown-orange,  arcuate  and  constricted  under  the  orifice 
when  dry;  lid  orange-color;  teeth  yellow;  segments  scarcely 
cleft;  cilia  two  or  three,  a  little  shorter;  annrdus  none.  —  FI. 
Angl.  429.  /f.  luridumy  Hedw.  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  99,  t.  38. 
Ijimnobium  palustre,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  574,  575. 
Amblysteyium  paltistre,  Lindb. 

Var.  hamulosum.  Slender,  ascending,  mud-color;  branch- 
lets  few :  leaves  shorter,  hooked,  secund :  capsule  smaller.  — 
Bruch  &  Schimp.  1.  c,  as  Limnobium. 

Ham.  On  stones  and  rocks,  in  8hallc«v  creeks;  Vermont  (Froat)\  New 
Jersey  (AiiHin).  The  variety  in  the  Wliite  Mountains  (i/ames);  Utali 
( \Vatiion)\  Kocky  Mountains  (Dmmmond). 

Numerous,  mostly  alpine,  forms  of  this  very  variable  species  are  described. 

166,  H.  molle,  Dicks.  Tufts  loose,  very  soft,  dirty  green ; 
stems  5-10  cm.  long,  slender,  flexuous,  without  radicles,  with 
few  simple  branches:  leaves  spreading,  whether  dry  or  moist, 
broadly  oval,  narrowed  and  decurrent  at  the  point  of  attach- 
ment, apiculate,  dif;tinctly  serrate  at  the  apex  ;  costa  bifurcate 
or  divided,  one  of  the  divisions  longer ;  areolation  linear,  fusi- 
form, shorter  at  the  apex,  quadrate  and  orange  at  the  subauricu- 
late  angles ;  inner  perichajtial  leaves  long,  taper  pointed,  serrulate 
at  the  apex,  costate:  capsule  short-pedicelled,  cernuous,  incurved, 
turgid-oval ;  operculum  convex,  obtuse,  short-papillate ;  seg- 
ments entire ;  cilia  one  or  two,  a  little  shorter,  thick  ;  annulus 
broad.  —  Crypt.  Fasc.  ii.  11,  t.  5.  Umnobium  molle,  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  576,  577.  II.  Closteri,  Austin,  Muse. 
Appal,  n.  439. 

Had.  Mountain  rivulets;  North  Carolina,  New  Jersey,  New  York, 
Canada,  etc. 

167.  H.  alpestre,  Swartz.  Plants  more  or  less  densely 
cespitose,  mud-color,  only  the  young  shoots  greenish ;  stems 
prostrate,  eradiculose ;  branches  close,  erect,  thickish,  fastigiate, 
with  few  branchlets ;  leaves  ovate  or  broadly  oblong,  obtusely 
acuminate,  often  oblique,  half-twisted  above,  obscurely  serrulate, 
slightly  decurrent  and  excavate  at  the  angles ;  costa  long,  bif  us- 
cate  from  the  base,  with  one  of  the  divisions  longer  and  patting 


' 


it 


li! 


{ 


i 


I  ; 


y>     i 


■}      > 


<00 


BRYACE^. 


[Ilypnum. 


tlie  middle,  or  simple  nnd  iwcendinj?  to  near  the  pnex,  yellow ; 
bamlur  cell^  iinrruwer  than  in  If.  niolle,  yellowishy.husu  of  the 
basal  an<];leiii  broadly  reetani^ular  or  hexajL^onal,  orange ;  pcrichce- 
tiiiin  eroct,  Hheathing,  with  few  solid  silicate  entire  loaves :  cap- 
sule incurved,  cernuous,  turgid,  oblong,  subarcuate,  and  con- 
stricted under  the  orifice  when  dry  and  empty ;  operculum 
highly  convex,  obtusely  papillate,  orange;  teeth  short;  seg- 
ments subulate;  annulus  large,  persistent. -^ Muse.  Frond. 
Suee.  63,  excl.  t.;  lledw.  Sp.  Muse.  247,  t.  04.  J/,  molle^  Brid. 
Hryol.  Univ.  ii.  570,  excl.  syn.  Xtinuiobimn  al2)estre^  Bruch  & 
Schinip.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  577. 
JEIau.    North  America,  according  to  Austin. 

108.  H.  arcticum,  Sommerf.  Tufts  loose,  rigid,  dark  olive 
green ;  stems  slender,  horny,  with  few  simple  branches,  naked 
and  rootless  at  base:  leaves  small,  open,  solid,  round-ovate, 
obtusely  pointed,  very  entire,  slightly  inflated  on  the  borders, 
])lano-concave,  subcochleariform ;  costa  distinct,  ascending  to 
below  the  apex,  simple  or  bifurcate;  areolation  very  narrow, 
not  dilated  at  the  angles ;  inner  i)ericha}tial  leaves  long-lanceo- 
late, costrtte,  scarcely  sulcate :  caj)sule  small,  subei-ect  or  cernu- 
ous, oval,  narrowed  to  a  distinct  coUum,  arcuate  when  dry; 
operculum  mammiform;  segments  entire;  cilia  two,  short; 
annulus  double.  — Wahl.  Fl.  Lapp.  Suppl.  65,  t.  2.  Limnobium 
arcticum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  678.  Stereodgn 
arcticus^  Mitten,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  42. 

Hab.  On  rocks  along  rivulets  near  Closter,  New  Jersey  {Au9iin)\ 
Rocky  Mountains  (Drummond,  Lyall). 

109.  H.  obtusifolium,  Drumm.  Loosely  cespitose;  the 
branches  more  numerous,  short  and  simple,  thick,  turgid  and 
subclavate,  or  longer  and  slightly  ramulose :  leaves  looi^ely  im- 
bricate all  around  when  dry,  half-open  when  moist,  broadly  oval, 
obtuse,  very  concave,  slightly  serrulate ;  costa  simple,  ascending 
to  near  the  apex ;  areolation  very  narrow,  not  enlarged  at  the 
angles :  pedicel  rouj  ;h,  flexuous,  arcuate  below  the  large  oval- 
oblong  pendent  or  horizontal  capsule,  which  is  not  constricted 
under  the  orifice  when  dry ;  operculum  not  seen  ;  peristome  as 
in  H.  molle. —  Muse.  Amer.  n.  193.  H.  arcticum^  var.,  Muell. 
Syn.  ii.  432.     Stereodon  obtusifolius^  Mitt.  1.  c. 

Hab.  Rivulets  in  the  Rocky  Mouiitalns  (Drummond);  British  Colum- 
bia (Lyall);  Mount  Dana,  California,  sterile  (Bolander);  Oregon,  in  fruit 
(jE^.  Hall),  from  whose  specimens  the  diagnosis  lias  been  completed. 


t! 


Ilypnum.] 


BRTACE^. 


401 


170.  H.  montanum,  \Vil».  Mm.  Plants  flniftll,  In  wide 
soft  tumid  tufts,  reddish-brown  within,  yt'llowish  green  ahove; 
stem  slender,  prostrate,  mostly  naked,  with  simple  or  fastigiately 
ramulose  erect  branehes:  leaves  variously  curved,  oftener  8ul>- 
faleate-seeund,  concave  or  complicate,  broa<lIy  ovate,  laneeolate- 
aeuminate  above,  decurrent  at  base,  sli<^htly  serrulate  all  around ; 
borders  erect  or  reHexed;  costa  short  and  double  or  mine;  areo- 
lation  narrow,  fusiform,  larj^er  and  oblonj?  at  the  auijfles;  inner 
periehietial  leaves  erect,  narrowly  short-acuminate,  suleate-striate, 
serrulate  at  the  apex  only:  capsule  oblong,  erect,  cernuous; 
]»edicel  slender,  subarcuate  above ;  operculum  convex-conical, 
mamillate;  teeth  pale  yellow,  lamellate  inside;  cilia  two,  as 
long  as  the  entire  segments,  nodose;  annulus  very  broad.— 
James,  Proc.  Philad.  Acad.  1855,  447;  Sulliv.  flosses  of  U. 
States,  7li,  and  Icon.  Muse.  181,  t.  113;  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.  Muse. 
Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  306. 

II AU.    Moist  rocky  banks  of  rivulets ;  White  Mountains  ( Oakes,  James). 

171.  H.  eugyrium,  Schimp.  Tufts  appressed,  bright  yel- 
lowish green,  soft;  stems  short,  branching  and  ramulose:  leaves 
close,  multiform,  those  of  the  stems  oblong-lanoeolate  and  short- 
acuminate,  distichous,  those  of  the  branches  and  branchlets 
Hexuous-falcate,  the  ui)j)er  and  lower  plano-concave,  the  lateral 
subcomplicate,  falcate-flex uous,  long-lanceolate,  diversely  curved, 
all  serrulate  at  the  apex  only,  marked  at  base  by  a  short  yellow 
line  instead  of  a  costa;  cells  very  narrow,  vermicular,  those  of 
the  decurrent  concave  angles  abruptly  enlarged,  rectangular, 
with  thick  dark  orange  walls;  perichajtium  long,  whitish,  its 
outer  leaves  spreading  and  flexuous  from  the  middle,  the  inner 
erect,  strict,  long-lanceolate,  erose-denticulate  at  the  apex,  sul- 
cate :  capsule  cernuous,  ovate-oblong,  turgid,  yellowish  brown ; 
operculum  highly  convex-mammiform ;  teeth  solid,  yellow,  linear, 
deeply  articulate  nbove;  segments  cleft  between  the  articula- 
tions ;  cilia  two  or  three,  as  long  as  the  segments,  nodose  and 
granulose ;  annulus  very  broad,  triple.  — -  Syn.  639.  Umnobium 
eugyrium^  Schimp. ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  579.  Amblystegiurn  eiigyrium^ 
Lindb. 

Had.    On  rocks  in  mountain  brooks,  New  York  and  New  England. 
*  *  Flowers  dioecious. 

172.  H.  OChraceum,  Turner,  Ms.  Widely  cespitose ;  tufts 
soft,  yellowish  or  ferruginous  green,  ochraceous  within ;  steins 


■». 

I 


ft 
} 


1 1-  ' 

lil. 


l-ii 


::;i 


402 


BRYACEiE. 


\Ifypnum. 


prostrate  or  nsccndinp,  rootless,  slightly  ramulose ;  branehes 
fastigiate,  incurved  at  the  apex:  leaves  close,  iniiltifonn,  and 
diversely  curved,  falcate  or  secund,  broadly  ovate  or  ovate- 
oblong,  lanceolate,  more  or  less  acuminate,  acute  or  blunt, 
sulcate,  concave ;  costa  simple  or  forking,  ascending  to  the 
middle ;  borders  entire  or  obscurely  denticulate  at  the  apex  ; 
areolation  narrow,  Hexuotis  or  vermicular,  much  enlarged  rect- 
angular and  hyaline  at  the  angles;  perigynium  long  and  peri- 
chiutium  scpiarrose,  the  pericha'tial  leaves  ecostate  and  not 
sulcate,  lanceolate-acuminate,  obtusely  serrate  at  the  ai)ex : 
capsule  cernuous  from  a  short  inflated  erect  collum,  oval  or 
oblong;  operculum  convex,  mamillate  ;  teeth  short,  light  orange 
with  a  broad  hyaline  bonier;  articulations  distant;  segments 
cleft  between  the  articulations;  cilia  very  slender,  two  or  tiiree, 
unequal,  shorter  than  the  segments ;  annulus  large,  triple.  — 
Wils.  Bryol.  Brit.  40 J.  Linmobiuni  ochraceiim,  Bruch  So 
Schimp.  15ryol.  Eur.  t.  580.  iStereodon  ochraceus,  Mitt.  1.  c. 
Aniblt/stet/tum  ochraceum^  Lindb. 

Hah.  Mountain  rivulets;  Pocono,  Alleghany,  Catskill  and  White 
Mountains;  British  Columbia  (Lyall)\  Davis  Strait  (Taylor). 

Subgenus  XXV.    CALLIERGON. 

Plants  large,  erect  or  procumbent,  generally  long  and  widely 
cespitose,  with  few  simple  branches  or  subpinnately  ramulose, 
and  with  few  radicles.  Leaves  large,  cordate,  ovate  or  ovate- 
oblong,  obtuse,  deeply  concave,  spreading  or  imbricate,  rarely 
secund;  areolation  linear,  narrow.  Capsule  oblong,  incurved. 
Operculum  convex-conical. 

#  /Stems  more  or  less  pinnately  ramulose :  leaves  spreading  or 

loosely  imbricate. 

173.  H.  COrdifolium,  Hedw.  Moncecious:  tufts  loose,  soft, 
green,  erect  or  drooping;  stems  llexuous,  very  long :  stem-leaves 
cordate-ovate  or  broadly  ovate,  oblong,  obtuse,  long-decurrent, 
soft,  very  entire,  simply  costate  to  near  the  apex ;  cells  of  the 
borders  and  of  the  apex  very  narrow,  looser  and  rhomboidal  in 
the  middle,  those  of  the  angles  and  base  large,  hexagonal- 
rectangular  with  the  primordial  utricle  distinct;  perichaBtium 
long,  the  leaves  imbricate,  acuminate,  costate,  the  inner  sub- 
clasping  :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  oblong-cylindrical,  horizontal, 


Ill/pnum,] 


BRYACEvE. 


403 


BubiiH'urvod,  nrnmto  wlion  dry,  Hoft,  brown  ;  tooth  palo  yellow, 

thin;    Ho<i;inontH  ontiru ;    ciliii  two  or  throo,  Hli-nilcr,  frn^ilo; 

annuhiH  none.  —  Muse.  Frond,  iv.  07,  t.  37;  IJryol.  Eur.  t.  (ilo. 

Amblyste(fiinn  cordifoliinn^  DuNot.  IJriol.  Ital.  VM\. 

II AM.  Prairie  swamps,  bogs,  meadows,  streams,  ami  borders  of  lakes; 
rare  in  fiuit. 

• 

174.  H.  giganteum,  Schimp.  Din'cious:  much  liko  the 
last,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  inucii  hirger  size,  the  stem  thick 
and  densely  pinnately  ranudose,  tlie  leaves  lar<;er  and  more 
solid,  the  areolation  more  dense  and  vermicular,  hro.'ider  and 
quadrate  at  the  anjjfies,  and  the  inflorescence  ditecious.  —  Syn. 
C42.  JI.  cordiJ'oHwHy  var.  atenodyction^  IJruch  &,  Schimp.  1.  c. 
Amblt/stet/ium  yiyanteuniy  DeNot.  1.  c.  135.  ^tereodou  (jiyan- 
teiis^  Mitt.  1.  c. 

II AU.  Keported  from  Pennsylvania  {JnmcH);  Wisconsin  {Lapham); 
cedar  swamps,  New  York  {AuHtin);  Canada  (Maconn);  Fort  Colville 
{Lynll). 

All  the  specimens  examined  are  sterile,  ratlier  referalde  as  a  variety  to 
H.  hamtfolium  or  II,  aduncum.  Mitten  remarks  that  tills  is  the  moss 
distributed  by  Drunnnond  (n.  200)  as  //.  cordifollum,  and  that  all  Ameri- 
can specimens  are  more  slender  than  the  European. 

175.  H.  SarmentOSUm,  Wahl.  Dicecious:  tufts  dense, 
variegated  or  dark  i)urple,  mixed  with  young  green  8tolon3 ; 
stems  without  radicles,  long,  more  or  less  densely  ramulose ; 
branchlets  unequal,  acute  :  leaves  oi)en,  loosely  imbricate  when 
dry,  purple  and  straw-color,  glossy,  green  only  when  young, 
elliptical,  long-ovate,  obtuse  and  cucuUate  at  the  apex,  a[)iculate 
or  not,  concave ;  costa  simple,  vanishing  below  the  apex ;  areo- 
lation very  narrow  and  solid,  abruptly  enlarged,  inflated  and 
hyaline  at  the  concave  subdecurrent  angles ;  [)erichajtial  leaves 
pale,  narrowly  costJite,  the  inner  subsheathing,  obsoletely  sulcate, 
nerved :  capsule  cernuous  or  horizontally  incurved,  ovate-oblong, 
turgid,  arcuate  when  dry;  teeth  bright  yellow;  cilia  two  or 
three,  stout,  as  long  as  the  entire  segments ;  annulus  none.  — 
Fl.  Lapp.  380 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  616.  Amblystegium  sarmentosum, 
DeNot.  1.  c. 

Hab.    Peat  bogs  of  New  England  (Odkes). 

176.  H.  cuspidatum,  Linn.  Dicecious :  tufts  loose,  yel- 
lowish or  dirty  green  ;  stems  with  few  branches,  pinnately 
ramulose,  rigid  and  cuspidate  at  the  apex  by  the  convolute 
leaves:    leaves    crowded,   erect,  open,  broadly   ovate-oblong, 


404 


BRTACE^. 


[Ill/pnum. 


obtuso  or  Hulmcutc,  deeply  concftvo ;  costft  double,  short, 
obsolete ;  areolatioii  very  narrow,  enlarged,  ({iiadrate  and  hya- 
line at  the  decurrent  angles,  concave  on  the  upper  face ;  peri- 
chuttlal  leaves  deeply  sulcate,  narrowly  blcostate,  gradually 
short-acuminate :  capsule  long-pedicellate,  erect  at  base,  hori- 
zontally incurved,  oblong,  large,  reddish  brown ;  operciduin 
convex-conical,  apiculate  ;  teeth  orange,  hyaline-niarginate,  ser- 
rate at  the  apex  ;  cilia  three,  stout,  a  little  shorter  than  the  nar- 
rowly cleft  segments ;  annulus  broad,  triple,  revoluble,  per- 
sistent.—  Spec.  1*1. 1129;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  619.  Stereodon  cunpi- 
dutus^  IJrid.  AcrochuUum  cuspidatnrn,  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  39. 
II All.    Swamps,  wet  meadows,  grassy  ditches;  not  common. 

177.  H.  Kichardsoni.  Moncecious:  cespitose,  the  branches 
irregularly  i>iniiate,  cuspidate  ut  the  ajtex :  leaves  sjireading, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  concave ;  cells  long  and  narrow,  promi- 
nent at  the  apex,  the  alar  loose,  ventricose,  pale ;  pericha>tial 
leaves  oval,  acute,  nerved  to  the  middle,  imbricate :  capsule 
long-pedicellate,  cylindrical,  arcuate,  horizontal ;  peristome  nor- 
mal. —  Stereodon  liichardsoni^  Mitt.,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  viii.  42, 
Amblyateyinm  Jiichardsonij  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  34. 

Had.    British  America  ( liicfKirdson)',  coast  of  Greenland  (Innlefield). 

The  autlior  remarlts  that  in  its  generai  appearance  and  yeliowisli  brown 
color  the  species  is  closely  similar  to  U.  cuapidatuin,  and  intermediate 
between  it  and  //.  cordifolium. 

178.  H.  Schreberi,  Willd.  Dia?ciou8 :  tufts  high,  pale, 
olive  or  grayish  green  ;  stems  rigid,  woody,  dark  red,  branch- 
ing and  pinnately-ramulose ;  branches  and  branchlets  obtuse  at 
the  apex :  leaves  close,  loosely  imbricate,  broadly  ovate,  oli- 
long,  obtuse  or  obtusely  pointed,  slightly  sulcate  ;  costa  double, 
short ;  borders  recurved  at  base,  incurved  at  tht  .ipex  ;  areola- 
tion  very  narrow,  solid,  quadrate,  orange  at  the  base  and  at  the 
decurrent  excavate  angles ;  inner  perichastial  leaves  sheathing, 
erect,  short-acuminate,  ecostate,  not  plicate ;  capsule  incurved, 
oblong,  fuscous ;  pedicel  purple,  long,  twisted  above ;  oj>er- 
culum  conical-apiculate,  reddish;  teeth  long,  lamellate  on  the 
inside,  cristate ;  segments  split  nearly  the  whole  length  ;  cilia 
three,  slightly  shorter;  annulus  none.  —  Prodr.  Fl.  Berol.  325; 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  620.  Stereodon  Schreheri^  Mitt.  1.  c.  Ilylocomium 
Schreberiy  DeNot.  Briol.  Ital.  92,  and  H.  parietinum^  Lindb. 

Hab.    On  shaded  ground,  hills  and  mountains;  common. 


Uypnum.] 


UKVACE^. 


406 


170.  H.  Alaskanum,  Ta'»(\.  &  .TamcH.  DucciouR :  plants 
widely  Hpi'oadiii^,  doiiHoly  and  regularly  |>innato  and  liipinnatis 
pale  green  :  leaves  Holid,  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  plano-euneave, 
obscurely  bicostate,  the  borders  remotely  serrate ;  areolation 
venuicular,  slightly  larger  toward  the  base;  paraphyllia  numer- 
ous, multifhl. —  l*roe.  Anu-r.  Acad.  xiv.  131). 

Had.    On  tho  ground;  Aliiskn. 

Comparable  to  //.  Schrvbvrl,  from  which  it  difTors  in  its  densely  pin- 
nate brandies,  tlie  broader  sliglttly  serrate  leaves,  tlic  dark  color,  etc. 

♦  *  JHanta  nearly  simple^  auhteretc :  lencea  closelt/  imbricate 
when  dry:  Jiotcers  diiecioiis. 

180.  H.  Stramineum,  Dicks.  Plants  slender,  in  soft  pale 
yellowish  green  tufts ;  stems  long,  slender,  simple  or  with  few 
branches,  not  ramulose  :  leaves  erect,  open,  ovate-oblong,  obtuse, 
concave,  subcucullate,  excavate  at  the  decurrent  angles,  narrowly 
costatc  to  above  the  middle ;  perichietial  leaves  taper-pointed, 
the  inner  serrate  at  the  ajjex,  very  thinly  costate,  not  plicate ; 
capsule  ccrnuous  or  horizontal  from  a  short  erect  collum,  oblong- 
cylindrical  ;  lid  convex-conical,  acute ;  teeth  short ;  segments 
slightly  cleft ;  cilia  two,  very  short,  fragile ;  annulus  none.  — 
Cryjit.  Fasc.  ii.  6,  t.  1 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  017.  Amblysteyium 
Btramineum^  DeNot.  1.  c.  137. 

II AB.  Peat  bogs;  White  Mountains  (Oak€a)\  Focono  Mountain, 
Pennsylvania  (Porter). 

181.  H.  trifarium,  Web.  &  Mohr.  Tufts  dirty  green 
above,  dark  brown  within,  rigid  when  dry ;  stems  flexuous, 
drooping  or  erect,  scarcely  divided,  filiform  at  base,  gradually 
thicker  above:  leaves  closely  imbricate  when  dry,  five-ranked, 
broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  slightly  decurrent,  deei)ly  concave ; 
costa  simple,  ascending  to  the  middle,  or  double  and  shorter ; 
areolation  very  narrow,  small  and  shorter  at  the  angles ;  peri- 
chaetial  leaves  loosely  imbricate,  the  inner  long-lancoolate, 
blunt  or  subacute,  narrowly  costate,  sulcate:  capsule  small, 
cernuous  and  horizontal,  oblong-cylindrical  with  a  distinct  col- 
lum; lid  convex-conical,  reddish;  annulus  of  a  triple  row  of 
very  small  cells;  peristome  as  in  the  preceding.  —  Schwed. 
Reise,  177,  t.  2 ;  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  618.  II.  atramineum^  var.  tri- 
farium,  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  i.  2.  212,  t.  89.  Amblyateginm  tri- 
farium^  DeNot.  1.  c. 

Hab.    Feat  bogs,  Northern  Ohio  (Xesguereux) ;  Lake  Huron;  sterile. 


i 


40G 


BliYXCKJE. 


[lll/pnum. 


1 

I 


1       t 


1H2.  H.  turgescens,  Schimp.  CcHpitoHc,  ill  (Uh'P  soft 
tunu'Hct'iit  <liirk  yellow  iiikI  jj^rt'oniMh  tuftM  ;  Mtt'iiin  hIciuIct,  erect, 
er.'ulieiiloMe,  with  few  fasti^'iate  jiilaeeoiiH  braiielieH  aii<l  few 
Khort  tliiek  or  loiii^  Nlender  hraiicliletH :  leaves  ^lonHy,  broadly 
ohionif,  tleejily  eoneave,  suhciuMilIate  at  the  apex,  abruptly 
Mhort-apiciilate ;  borders  ereet  ami  entire,  not  decurreiit  nor 
excavate  at  the  anglcH ;  coMta  nhort,  bifurcate ;  ccIIh  narrow, 
short,  hexa<;oiial,  vermicular  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves, 
broader  toward  the  base,  lur^e,  rectangular  and  (prndratc  at  the 
angles:  male  flowers  minute.  —  Syn.  ed.  2,  704. 

llAu.  Davis  IStraits  {Taylor),  according  to  Mitten  (Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
viii.  42). 

IHJK  H.  badium,  Ilartm.  Plants  erect  or  prostrate,  dark 
reddish  brown  below,  oranj^e-yellow  above :  leaves  imbricate, 
short,  solid,  j^lossy,  greenish  yellow  when  young,  gradually 
darker  toward  the  base  of  the  steins,  broadly  ovate,  acute  or 
acuminate,  very  entire  and  concave ;  costa  ascending  to  above 
the  iui<ldle,  dissolving  or  bipartite  at  the  apex  ;  areolation  thick, 
Boli<l,  flexuous-linear,  with  a  few  very  small  quadrate  alar  cells ; 
perichietium  long,  imbricate,  the  leaves  ovate,  long-lanceolate, 
solid,  thinly  costate  :  ca|)8ule  small,  cernuous,  turgid-oval,  thin, 
on  a  slender  |)e<licel,  slightly  constricted  under  the  orifice  when 
dry.  —  Skand.  Fl.  ed.  5,  332 ;  Schimp.  Syn.  041).  Amhlystegium 
badium^  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  33. 

Had.    Labrador  (J.  A.  Allen),  sterile. 

A  beautiful  species,  described  by  Schimper  from  specimens  communi- 
cated by  Ilartniann.  Tlie  capsules  were  deoperculate.  It  is  considered 
by  Mueller  (Syn.  ii.  324)  to  be  a  form  of  II.  reeolvens. 

SuncENus  XXVI     SCORPIDIUM. 

Plants  of  great  size,  with  f.istigiatc  branches  and  few  branch- 
lets.  Leaves  turgid,  imbricate,  secund,  broad-ovate,  soft,  sub- 
ecostate ;  areolation  very  narrow.     Flowers  dioecious. 

184.  H.  SCOrpioides,  Linn.  Tufts  wide  and  deep,  soft, 
dark  green  or  reddish  brown;  plants  flexuous,  erect  or  pros- 
trate ;  branches  dichotomous  or  fastigiate,  distantly  and  un- 
equally ramulose  ;  branches  and  branchlets  arcuate  or  incurved 
at  the  apex  :  leaves  crowded,  turgid,  imbricate-secund,  those  of 
the  branches  sometimes  falcate,  narrowed  at  base,  broadly  ovate, 
obtuse  or  short-pointed,  concave,  soft ;  costa  simple  or  double 


Il^pnnm.] 


DUYACE.E. 


407 


short,  obsolete  ;  arcolation  very  narrow,  n  little  enlari;<Ml  at  this 
baHe  aixl  aii^leN ;  perieliietial  leaves  Hharpiy  aciiiiiiiiale,  deeplv 
Bulcate,  with  a  very  slender  pale  eosta ;  capsule  incurved,  eer- 
nuous  or  arcuate,  oldon^-cylindrical,  heconiin;^  much  arched, 
plicate  aixl  constricted  under  the  oritice  when  dry;  lid  convex- 
conical,  acute;  peristonie  perfect  ;  cilia  two  or  three,  nearly  an 
Ion;;  as  the  Nliu[htly  perforated  segments;  annulcs  very  lar^e, 
tiiple.  —  Spec.  1*1.  1127;  IJryoI.  Kur.  t.  tll'J.  Anihl^Hteijium 
acorpioitln*^  l.in*ll>.  I.  c. 

II AH.    t'raiiborry    nmrshoB,  Northern    Ohio    (/ww/ '«'»•<■•£/);    (.'anada 

SunoKNUK  XXVir.     PLKITKOZIUM. 

Plants  increasini^  hy  annual  arcuate  hranches  or  hy  erect 
ri^nd  inni>vations,  fasciculate,  pinnate  and  liipinnately  raniulose. 
Stem-leaves  l.arjjfcr  than  those  of  the  hranches  Jind  different  in 
shape;  paraphyllia  numerous,  lari^e,  pluripartite. 

18.').  H.  splendens,  Hedw.  Tufts  loose,  ri^id,  pale  ollvo 
green;  plants  solid,  the  ohl  ones  njany  tinu's  arcuate ;  hranch- 
lets  long,  filiform :  basilar  leaves  <listant,  small  and  S(|uaniiform, 
the  upper  larger,  loose'y  imbricate,  broa<lly  oblong-ovate,  nar- 
rowe<l  into  a  long  flexuous  point,  obsolotely  bicostate,  plano- 
concave, serrulate ;  branch-leaves  smaller,  oval-oblong,  shorter- 
pointed  ;  inner  periclut'tial  leaves  narrowly  acuminate,  suberect 
or  reeurved  at  the  apex  :  calyptra  large,  long-persistent :  ca|)- 
sule  turgid-ovate ;  operculum  large,  rostrate.  —  Spec.  Muse.  202, 
t.  07.  //  proUferum^  Linn.  S]>ec.  PI.  1125.  jrifloconiinni 
splendens^  Bruch  &  Sehimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  487.  Ilylocomium 
proli/erum,  Lindb.  Muse.  Scand.  37. 

Var.  compactum.  Stems  compact,  prostrate,  with  short 
branches  and  filiform  or  attenuated  branchlets :  stem-leaves 
short-pointed. 

Hau.  Deep  pine  woods,  In  mountains  or  northward ;  very  common. 
Tlie  variety  near  Forteau,  Labrador  {J.  A.  Alien). 

180.  H.  umbratum,  Ehrh.  Tufts  loose,  dark  or  blackish 
green,  rigid ;  plants  irregularly  bipinnate ;  branchlets  close, 
subfasciculate,  unequal,  arcuate  to  one  side ;  stems  fragile, 
covered  with  paraphyllia :  stem-leaves  long,  decurrent  at  base, 
broadly  obcordate,  abruptly  lanceolate-acuminate,  with  a  long 
double  eosta,  deeply  sulcate,  serrate  all  around,  with  a  few 


Ij 


II  ■ 


' 


408 


BRYACEiE. 


[Uypnum. 


-■ 

1 .:, 

^i 

I\    n 


III 


p 


i  I 


!  ■!! 


M- 


I 


J    - 

1:1    I 


longer  basilar  teeth ;  branch-leaves  broadly  ovate,  short-acumi- 
nate, (lark  green ;  perichtetial  leaves  broad,  Hj>reading  at  the 
point:  oai)8ule  turgid-ovate,  subhorizontal,  pale  brown;  lid 
conical,  acute  ;  segments  nearly  entire  ;  annulus  none.  —  Muse. 
Exsicc.  n.  GG;  Iledw.  Sj).  Muse.  2G3,  t.  67.  //  proliferum^ 
var.  wnbratum,  Wahl.  Ilt/locomimn  umftratum,  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  488. 

liAU.    Deep  pine  woods  on  high  mountains;  summit  of  the  Adirondack 
and  Catskill  Mountains  (Lesquereux). 

187.  H.  OakdSii,  Sulliv.  Plants  in  wide  depressed  swollen 
dirty  green  tufts ;  stems  continuous  by  annual  arcuate  innova^ 
tions,  distantly  ])innately  ramulose ;  branches  and  branchlets 
com;;rc'ssed-foliate :  stem-leaves  loose,  broadly  ovate,  o2)en, 
those  of  the  branches  glossy,  loosely  incumbent,  ovate-oMong, 
all  concave,  more  or  less  long-aciiminate  (the  borders  recurved 
to  near  the  apex),  irregularly  and  coarsely  serrate  above,  sim- 
ply costate  to  the  middle;  paraphyllia  large,  bipinnately 
divided ;  perichaetial  leaves  ecostate,  sheathing  to  the  middle, 
there  squarrosely  reflexed,  narrowed  to  a  long  sharply  serrate 
point :  capsule  globose-ovate,  turgid,  on  a  long  slender  arcuate 
pedicel ;  operculum  convex-conical,  short-rostrate ;  annulus 
none  ;  peristome  of  the  last.  —  Gray's  Manual,  G73  (1848),  Mem. 
Amer.  Acad.  n.  ser.  iv.  173,  t,  5,  and  Icon.  Muse.  159,  t.  102. 
Jfylocomium  Jimbriatiim,  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  489. 
Hyloconmim  Oakeaii^  Schimp.  Coroll.  139.  Ilylocomium 
Pyrenaicum,  Lindb.  1.  c.  37. 

Hab.    White  Mountains  (Oakes,  James). 

188.  H.  brevirostre,  Ehrh.  Tufts  large,  swollen,  some- 
what rigid,  pale  or  dark  green ;  stems  solid,  arcuate,  erect  or 
drooping,  irregularly  or  fasciculately  pinnate-ramulose,  covered 
with  minute  i)araphyllia :  stem-leaves  spreading,  squarrose  or 
subsecund,  broadly  obcordate-ovate,  abruptly  and  narrowly 
apiculate,  decurrent  and  half-clasping  at  base,  irregularly  sul- 
cate,  narrowly  bicostate,  serrulate  above,  those  of  the  branch- 
lets  ovate-lanceolate,  all  glossy ;  perichtetial  leaves  half-sheath- 
mg  at  base,  subulate-acuminate,  squarrose-reflexed,  serrate  at 
the  apex :  capsule  horizontal,  on  a  pedicel  arcuate  above,  turgid- 
ovate  or  oblong,  sulcate  when  dry;  operculum  long-conical, 
acuminate  or  subrostrate;  teeth  orange;  cilia  subappendicu- 
iate;  annulus  narrow.^'^MubO.  Exsicc.  n.  $5;  Schwaegr.  Snppl. 


Ilyimum.] 


BRYACKJffi. 


409 


iii.  1.,  t.  225'-    Ilylocomium  brevirostrum,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Bryol.  Eur.  t.  403. 

Hab.  Summit  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains  {Sullivant  &  Lesquereux), 
fertile;  deep  ravines,  Tennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  (James,  Atiaf.u), 
sterile. 

Subgenus  XXVIII.    HYLOCOMIUM. 

Plants  long,  two  or  three  times  divided,  distantly  and  irregu- 
larly pinnate-ram ulose,  with  innovations  from  the  apex  and 
from  the  lateral  branches.  Leaves  squarrose  or  spreading- 
secund ;  paraphyllia  none.  Capsule  turgid-ovate  or  subglobose. 
—  Ift/locomium,  Schimp. 

189.  H.  squarrosum,  Linn.  In  wide  soft  bright  green 
tufts ;  stems  slender,  flexuous,  distantly  ramulose,  the  branchlets 
unequal,  acute,  flexuous:  stem-leaves  crowded,  divaricately 
squarrose  from  the  erect  concave  base,  broadly  ovate,  narrowly 
lanceolate-acuminate,  with  a  short  costa  or  none ;  branch-leaves 
smaller,  less  squarrose,  the  terminal  spreading,  distantly  and 
obscurely  dentate,  not  sulcate ;  areolation  dilated,  reddish  brown 
at  base;  perichaBtium  squarrose,  the  inner  leaves  subulate- 
acuminate,  serrulate  at  apex:  capsule  abru])tly  horizontal, 
turgid-ovate  or  subglobose,  reddish-brown,  inclined  when  dry ; 
pedicel  twisted  to  the  right ;  operculum  convex-conical,  apicu- 
late ;  segments  split  between  the  articulations ;  cilia  three ;  annulus 
double.  —  Spec.  PI.  1127.  Ilylocomium  squarrosum^  Bruch  & 
Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  492. 

Hab.  Grassy  places  and  borders  of  woods ;  Alleghany  Mountains  near 
Summit  Portage,  Pennsylvania  (Lesquereux)\  Oregon  {E.  Hall);  rare, 
and  found  only  sterile. 

190.  H.  triquetrum,  Linn.  Tufts  high  and  wide,  rigid, 
yellowish  or  light  green ;  stems  woody,  reddish,  long,  robust, 
erect,  nearly  simple  or  fastigiately  branching,  pinnately  ramu- 
lose ;  branchlets  unequal,  short  and  rigid,  or  longer  and  flagelli- 
form,  sometimes  radiculose  at  the  apex :  stem-leaves  close, 
subsquarrose,  rarely  secund,  deltoid-obcordate  and  decurrent  it 
base,  lanceolate  above,  sulcate,  narrowly  bicostate  to  the  middle, 
serrate  nt  the  apex,  scarious,  loosely  areolate  at  base ;  leaves  of 
the  branchlets  narrower  and  gradually  smaller  upward ;  peri- 
ehfetium  squarrose :  capsule  horizontal  by  a  curve  of  the  pedicel 
under  its  base  or  inclined,  oblong,  narrowed  at  the  orifice  when 


i      I 


Ili 


!i 


V- 


•    4 


410 


BRYACE^. 


[Hypnum. 


. 


im  i 


I:, 'I 


I 


M'^ 


u 


U:! 


dry ;  operculum  convex,  nianiillate ;  teeth  orange,  with  a  broad 
yellow  border;  segments  split  their  whole  length ;  cilia  three,  very 
stout,  as  long  as  the  segments;  annulus  simple.  —  Spec.  PI. 
1124.  Ilt/locomium  triquetrum^  Bruch  and  Schirap.  Bryol. 
Eur.  t.  491. 
Had.    Pine  woods;  plains  and  mountains. 

191.  H.  Flemmingii.  Plants  pale  and  robust ;  stems  sim- 
ple, erect,  rigid,  obtuse  at  the  apex :  leaves  cordate  at  base,  broadly 
ovate-lanceolate,  obtusely  acuminate,  very  flexuous,  squarrose, 
subfalcate,  deeply  sulcate,  minutely  papillose  at  the  apex,  glossy, 
bicostate  at  base  ;  areolation  minute  and  narrowly  subquadrate 
at  the  angles ;  borders  minutely  and  closely  serrulate  above, 
reflexed  and  ciliate  at  base ;  nerves  distant,  narrow,  reaching 
nearly  to  the  middle,  ciliate  at  base :  flowers  and  fruit  unknown. 
—  Hylocomium  Flemmingii^  Aust.  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  v.  24. 

Had.    Vancouver  Island  (Macoun,  1872). 

The  author  says  that  this  species  is  remarkable  for  the  obtuse  apex  of 
the  leaf  and  the  minute  decompound  cilia  on  the  margins  and  nerves  at 
base.  We  Iiave  seen  no  specimen  of  this  moss,  which  is  probably  a  vari- 
ety of  IL  iimbratum. 

192.  H.  loreum,  Linn.  Tufts  drooping,  loose,  soft,  pale 
olive  or  yellowish  green ;  stems  long,  prostrate,  nearly  simple, 
with  the  few  dichotomous  branches  distantly  and  interruptedly 
pinnate-ramulose ;  branchlets  long,  flexuous,  attenuate  at  the 
often  radiculose  apex:  leaves  close,  thin,  broadly  ovate  and 
sulcate  at  base,  narrowly  long-lanceolate  and  acuminate,  falcate, 
concave,  serrulate  at  the  apex,  ecostate ;  areolation  very  narrow 
and  equal  to  the  base ;  leaves  of  the  branchlets  ovate,  subulate, 
curved ;  inner  perichaBtial  leaves  half-sheathing  at  base,  subulate- 
acuminate,  ecostate :  calyptra  twisted,  often  left  attached  to  the 
pedicel :  capsule  subglobose,  solid,  reddish  brown,  sulcate  when 
dry,  abruptly  horizontal  on  a  strong  flexuous  pedicel  twisted  to 
the  right ;  lid  large,  convex,  mamillate ;  annulus  and  peristome 
as  in  IT.  triquetrum.  —  Spec.  PI.  1127.  Hylocomium  loreum^ 
Bruch  <fc  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  490. 

Had.  Deep  woods,  Oregon  (Hall)\  Reeky  Mountains  {I}rumm.ond)\ 
British  Columbia  {Lyall^  etc.);  Alaska  (Biachoff). 


%      V 


Hypnum.] 


BRYACEiE. 


411 


m 


Species  of  uncertain  affinity ;  not  clearly  referable  to  any  of 

the  described  subyenera. 

193.  H.  Wrightii,  Sulliv.  Mona'cious :  plants  loosely 
intricate,  dark  green  or  variegated  with  reddish  yellow;  stems 
prostrate,  radiculosc  on  the  lower  side,  irregularly  divided; 
branches  long,  loosely  foliate :  leaves  two-ranked,  complanate, 
ovate-oblong,  blunt  or  acute  at  the  apex,  obscurely  serrulate 
above,  the  lateral  spreading  with  an  oblicjue  base,  inflexe<l  on 
one  side  ;  costa  stoiit,  ascending  to  above  the  middle ;  areolation 
rhoniboidal-oval,  slightly  tumid  on  both  sides;  alar  cells  *^ery 
numerous,  small,  transversely  oblong,  close  ;  perichaatial  leaves 
few,  loose,  erect,  costate  to  the  middle,  narrowed  into  a  slender 
serrulate  point :  capsule  small,  oblong,  erect  or  slightly  cernuous, 
thin,  narrowed  to  a  short  pedicel;  operculum  conical,  short- 
rostrate  ;  teeth  pale-yellow,  distantly  articulate ;  segments  cleft ; 
cilia  solitary,  shorter;  annulus  none. — Icon.  Muse.  209,  t.  127. 
Omalia  Wriyhtii^  Sulliv.  Mosses  of  U.  States,  65;  Sulliv.  & 
Lesq.  Muse.  Bor.-Amer.  Exsicc.  n.  269. 

Hab.  Roots  of  trees;  San  Antonio,  Texas  (Wright);  Santa  Fe,  New 
Mexico  {Fendler). 

A  distinct  species,  not  to  be  confounded  with  any  other.  In  its  suberect 
capsule  and  oblong  senii-costate  and  coniplanate  loaves  it  resembles  the 
genus  Ilomalia,  to  wh'ch  it  was  originally  referred,  and  the  figure  is 
still  retained  in  the  plates  as  representing  sufficiently  the  characters  of 
that  genus. 

194.  H.  planum,  Brid.  Monoecious :  plants  widely  ces- 
pitose,  stems  prostrate,  very  long-creeping,  complanate,  irregu- 
larly pinnate,  bright  green :  leaves  loosely  imbricate,  broadly 
ovate,  acute  or  shortly  acuminate,  concave  below,  constricted  at 
base;  borders  erect,  minutely  crenulate;  coata  obsolete;  cells 
long,  narrow,  papillose,  the  basilar  few,  quadrate,  granulose,  the 
alar  three,  small  and  vermicular,  i)ellucid ;  perichaetial  leaves 
sheathing,  broad  at  base,  lanceolate-subulate,  erose-denticulate 
above,  more  strongly  papillose:  capsule  small,  subcernuous, 
oval  and  horizontally  inclined,  constricted  at  the  orifice,  short- 
necked,  on  a  very  long  yellow  smooth  pedicel ;  operculum  tur- 
gid, conical-acuminate,  orange;  teeth  yellow;  segments  solid, 
as  long;  cilia  solitary,  white.  —  Muse.  Recent.  Suppl.  ii.  97; 
Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.,  t.  280.  Leskea  {Omalia)  cymbifolia^ 
Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  333. 

Hab.    Florida,  not  rare  (Auaiin,  J.  Lonnell  Smith). 


'    i 


I   i 


i.  i 


i 


5 


i 

i 

! 

i 


) 


412 


BRYACE^. 


[Hypnum. 


,J    .   ,; 


fi     \'. 


195.  H.  Ooloradense,  Aust.  Plants  robust;  stems  erect 
or  at  length  prostrate,  coinpressed,  sparingly  branched :  leaves 
erect,  appressed-itnbrieate,  not  changed  in  drying,  oblong-ovate, 
concave,  abruptly  j)iliferous  at  the  often  recurved  apex ;  mar- 
gins entire  or  subserrate,  scarcely  recurved  at  the  somewhat 
narrowed  and  rounded  base ;  angles  excavated ;  cells  less  narrow, 
nearly  straight  and  uniform  except  at  the  very  base,  where  they 
are  shorter  and  slightly  inflated,  oval  or  roundish,  but  not  more 
pellucid.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  111. 

Had.    Colorado  (Miss  II.  J.  liiddlecome). 

Differs  from  Myuriitm  Ilerjedalicum,  Scliimp.  (Syn.  696),  In  the  com- 
pressed stem,  and  the  leaves  subplicate,  somewhat  rounded  at  base,  and 
the  margin  scarcely  recurved  below.  The  reticulation  of  the  leaf  suggests 
a  Camptotheciuvi,  the  pilura  at  the  apex  is  much  as  in  Eurhynchium 
piliferum,  while  the  general  habit  of  the  plant  is  that  of  Bhynchostegium. 
—  {Austin.) 


)'• 


l'^ 


ADDITIONS,  ETC. 


Page  20. 

10.  Sphagrnum  laricinum}  Spruce.  The  last  locality  given  under 
the  habitat  should  be  Gloucester  County,  New  Jersey,  instead  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 


Page  55. 


1.  AncBctangrium  Peckii,  Sulliv.  —  Amjyhoridium  Pecfctt,  Sulllv. 
in  Regents'  Rep.  of  Univ.  of  State  of  New  York,  xxii.  57  (1809). 


Page  110. 

TiiiciioaxoMUM  CoLOKADENSE,  Austln.  Plants  small,  greenish  brown; 
stem  slender,  subflexuous,  i  to  1  cm.  long:  lower  leaves  remote,  the 
upper  clcse  together,  open-incurved,  linear,  convolute  their  whole  length, 
acute,  minutely  granulose-papillose ;  areolatlon  minute  and  obscure,  sub- 
pellucid  at  base;  borders  plane,  very  entire,  thin,  subpellucid  at  the  apex, 
sometimes  minutely  serrate;  costa  enlarged  at  base,  flat,  very  thin, 
scarcely  distinguishable  from  the  lamina  above  the  middle  and  vanishing 
much  below  the  apex.  —  Coult.  Bot.  Gaz.  ii.  90. 

As  remarked  by  Watson  (Bot.  Calif,  ii.  307),  this  species  is  based  upon 
specimens  without  fruit,  and  the  genus  therefore  undeterminable.  The 
name  of  the  collector  is  also  uncertain,  and  the  specific  name  a  misnomer, 
as  the  moss  is  not  known  from  Colorado.  Austin  states  that  it  was 
collected  in  Yosemite  Valley  by  a  Mr.  James  (probably  Ji.  W.  James), 


Page  277. 

CiiYPH^A  INTTNDATA,  Necs.  Stems  pendulous,  loosely  pinnately 
branclied;  branchlets  recurved  at  the  apex:  leaves  distant,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, carinate,  the  lower  ones  complicate,  oblique;  costa  stout,  excurrent: 
capsule  oval,  unilateral  on  the  stems,  immersed  in  the  long  ecostate  peri- 
ch^etial  leaves:  cilia  of  tlie  inner  peristome  red,  persistent,  incurved  at  the 
apex,  as  long  as  the  teeth.  —  Pflanz.  Maxim,  von  Wied,  27;  Sulliv. 
Mosses  of  U.  States,  50. 

Has.  Floating  in  water  and  attached  to  immersed  branches  of  trees, 
Wabasli,  Fox,  and  Black  Rivers,  Illinois  (Maxim,  von  Wied). 

As  far  as  can  be  judged  from  the  insufficient  description,  this  moss  is 
referable  to  Dichelyma  subulatum  or  2>.  capillaceum. 

413 


■5  ; 


II 


414 


ADDITIONS,  ETC. 


Page  279. 

1'  Leptodon  Floridanus,  Liiulb.    Similar  to  Z.  tncho- 

mitrium,  differing  in  the  plants  more  robust,  the  leaves  broader 
and  ovate,  abruptly  acuminate,  the  cells  larger  and  especially 
broader,  thicker  and  communicating  by  j)ores,  the  pedicel 
longer,  nearly  parallel  to  the  stem  (not  diverging  from  it),  and 
the  cai)sule  half  as  large,  ovate-cylindrical.  —  Krit.  Gransk. 
Moss.  Dill.  53. 
Uab.    Florida  (C7m/))/ian). 


Page  346,  after  //.  plumosum. 

58*-  H.  oxycladon,  Brid.  Moncecious :  stem  short,  pros- 
trate, vaguely  or  pinnately  ramose ;  branches  simple  or  fascicu- 
late, slender,  acute,  yellowish  green  and  shining:  stem-leaves 
close,  narrowly  lanceolate,  acumin.ate,  slightly  biplicate,  strict 
or  subcurved,  nearly  entire;  alar  cells  loosely  quadrate,  thin, 
granuloso  inside ;  perichsetial  leaves  nerved,  the  inner  narrowed 
into  a  long  filiform  acumen,  not  j)licate :  capsule  oval,  equal,  on 
a  smooth  pedicel ;  lid  conical,  obtuse,  erect ;  teeth  not  split 
open ;  cilia  single,  long  and  slender.  —  Muse.  Kecent.  Suppl.  ii. 
123;  Schwaegr.  Suppl.  iii.,  t.  285;  Muell.  Syn.  ii.  360.  // 
attenuatuni^  Brid.  Bryol.  Univ.  ii.  448 ;  fide  Muell. 

Hab.    Pennsylvania  {Muhlenberg),  etc. 

Mueller  compares  't  to  //.  luteacens.    From  the  description  it  appears 
like  II.  nitens,  especially  its  sterile  American  form. 


Page  353. 

73'-  H.  Vaucheri,  Schimp.  Densely  cespitose,  soft,  gray- 
ish green ;  stem  prostrate,  stoloniferous,  with  erect  fasciculate 
branches ;  branchlets  long,  attenuate,  flagelliform  :  leaves  close, 
broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  filiform-acuminate,  concave,  minutely 
crenulate  all  around,  glossy ;  costa  thin,  ascending  to  the  middle 
or  above ;  pericluetial  leaves  numerous,  subsquarrose,  the  mner 
long-filiform  acuminate :  capsule  small,  cernuous,  turgid-ovate 
or  oblong,  subincurved ;  pedicel  very  rough ;  lid  rostellate ; 
teeth  and  segments  long,  subulate ;  cilia  1  or  2,  very  slender,  as 
long  as  th  i  teeth.  —  Bruch  &  Schimp.  Bryol.  Eur.  t.  530. 

Hab.    Canada  (Macoun),  sterile;  according  to  Austin. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


Note.  —  The  mosses  selected  for  illustrating  the  genera  are  fignred  of 
the  natural  size;  tlieir  details  are  more  or  less  magnitiod.  The  sign  4  in- 
dicates the  antheridia.  Plates  I.-V.  are  the  same  that  were  used  by 
Sulli.ant  for  tlie  illustration  of  his  "Mosses  of  the  United  States,"  the 
figures  partly  from  original  tlrawings,  partly  taken  from  the  plates  of 
Bruch  &  Schimper's  Jtryoloyia  Europdia.  The  last  plate,  illustrating 
mainly  the  subgenera  of  Uypnum,  is,  with  a  single  exception,  made  up 
from  Schimper. 


i 


Plate  I. 

Andresea.  —  riant,  calyptra,  capsule  before  dehiscence,  and  the  same 
after  dehiscence,  of  A.  rujieatris,  Turn. 

Sphagrnum.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  remains  of  the  calyptra,  the  same 
cut  lengthwise,  and  the  operculum,  of  8.  cymbij'oliuin,  Ehrh. 

Archidium.  —  Plant,  a  plant  enlarged,  cai^ule  with  base  of  calyptra, 
and  upper  portion  of  the  calyptra,  of  A.  Ohioense,  Schimp. 

Phascum.  —  Plant,  the  same  enlarged,  capsule,  and  calyptra,  of  P. 
cuspidatum,  Schreb. 

Bruchia.  —  Plant,  a  plant  enlarged,  calyptra,  and  capsule,  of  B.  brevi- 
folia,  Sulliv. 

Gymnostomum.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule,  and  operculum,  of  G. 

rupestre,  Schwaegr. 
Weisia.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  five  teeth 

of  the  peristome,  of  W.  viridiila,  Brid. 

Rhabdoweisia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  capsule 
when  dry,  and  three  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  li.  fugax,  Bruch  & 
Schimp. 

Dicranodontium. — Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and 
two  2-parted  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  D.  longirontre,  Brucli  & 
Schimp. 

Dicranum.  —  Plant,  capside  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  two 
teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  D.fulvellinii,  Smith. 

Seligeria.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  three 
teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  S.  tristicha,  Bruch  &  Sdiimp. 

Barbula.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  peristome,  of 
B.  utiffuiciilata,  Hedw. 

Ceratodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  same  when  dry, 
and  two  2-clef  t  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  C.  purpureus,  Brid. 

415 


m 


:, 


416 


EXPLANATION  OP  THE  PLATES. 


!i  ■ 


Fissidens.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  two  2-cleft 
teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  F.  tiuiJ'oUiiH,  Ileuw. 

Campylopus.  —  riunt,  cal)  ptra,  cap8ule  with  calyptra  and  operculum, 
and  two  teeth  of  the  perislume,  of  C.  Jtvxuuisii«,  lirld. 

Leptotrichum.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operctiiuni,  and  three 
teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  L.  turtUe,  Muell. 

Conomitriuxn.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  and  operculum  together 
with  the  pedicel  and  pcrichtutial  leaves,  and  three  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome, of  C.  Jidhtnnin,  Mont. 

Trematodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum  and  apophy- 
sis,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  T.  lonyicoUiSf  Michx. 


, 


lit., 

h 


Plate  II. 

Leuoobryum.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  capsule 
when  dry,  and  two  2-parted  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  L.  vulyare^ 
Ilampe. 

Dioranum.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  two  2-parte4 
teeth  of  tl»e  pt>ristome,  of  1).  Hcopurinniy  Hedw. 

Desmatodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  operculum,  capsule,  mouth  of  same 
with  peristome,  and  two  2-parted  teeth  with  a  portion  of  the  annulus, 
of  1).  plbilhob'iun,  JSulliv.  &  Lesq. 

Didymodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  operculum,  capsule,  and  two  teeth  of 
the  peristome  witli  a  portion  of  the  annulus,  of  D.  rubellua,  liruch 
&  Schiinp. 

Eustiohia.  —  Plants,  a  plant  enlarged,  male  flower,  an  antheridium, 
fertile  flower,  and  section  of  the  leaf,  of  E.  Norveyica,  Brld. 

Distichium.  —  Plant,  portion  of  stem  and  leaves  enlarged,  calyptra, 
capsule  with  operculum,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  a  part  of 
the  annulus,  of  1).  capUlaceum,  Bruch  &  Schiinp. 

Pottia.  —  Plants,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  capsule 
with  the  operculum  attached  only  by  the  columella,  of  P.  truncata, 
Fuern. 

Syrrhopodon.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  opercu- 
lum, and  three  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  S.  Floridanua,  Sulliv. 

Sohlotheimia.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  same  covered  by 
the  calyptra,  lower  portion  of  the  calyptra,  and  part  of  the  peri- 
stome (one  tooth  and  two  cilia),  of  S.  ^ulUcuntii,  Muell. 

Tetraphis.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra,  operculum,  and  entire  peri- 
stome, of  T.  pellucida,  Hedw. 

Ptyohomitrium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  operculum,  capsule  with  peristome 
and  portion  of  the  annulus,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  P.  m- 
curvuvi,  Sulliv. 

Drummondia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  opercii- 
lum,  operculum,  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  and  three  spores,  of  D. 
clavellata,  Hoolc. 

Bncalypta. — Plant,  capsule  covered  by  the  calyptra,  capsule  with 
operculum,  .dry  capsule,  and  three  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  a  part 
of  the  annulus,  of  E.  rhabdocarpa,  Schwaegr. 

Amphoridium  (&s  Zyyodon). — Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  opercu- 
lum, and  dried  capsule,  of  A.  Lapponicum,  Schimp. 

Macromitrium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule,  and  mouth  of  same 
with  the  annular  peristome,  of  M.  SulUvantii,  Muell. 


1 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


417 


Qrinnniek  {Schlstidlum).  —  Plant,  calyptra,  oapsulo  witli  calyptra  luid 
optM'culiuii,  opcrculuiii  with  culuiiiella,  atitl  twu  locth  uf  the  pcristoiiit', 
of  G,  (tinn'drini,  lU'clw. 

Orimmia.  —  PlatJt,  capsule  with  calyptra,  and  two  te«'th  of  the  peri- 
Btoine  with  part  of  the  anntiliis,  of  (J.  trnroplnvd.  (Jrev. 

Racomitrium.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyi>ti-a,  oixrcuhun,  and  one 
2-parted  tooth  of  the  (Mirlstonie  with  a  portion  ot  the  aunuluH,  of  li. 
iiciciildrc,  Urld. 

Hedwigia.  —  Plant,  calyntra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  dried  cap- 
sule, of  //.  cllidta,  Ehrli. 

Ulota.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  operculum,  capsule  with  calyptra,  dried  ca|v 
aide,  and  portion  of  the  peristome  (two  pairs  of  teeth  and  three 
cilia),  of  v.  llutchiiiHivB,  Schimp. 


Plate  III. 

Buxbaumia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  mouth  of  cap- 
sule with  peristome,  and  operculum  with  part  of  coliunella,  of  li. 
(iphylld,  Linn. 

Diphyscium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule,  peristome,  and  operculum 
with  part  of  columella,  of  1).  foUoimm,  Mohr. 

Atrichum.  —  Plant,  calyptra  and  its  point  more  ma^nitied,  capsule 
witli  operculum,  and  peristome  with  epipliragm,  of  A.  anyuatattuHf 
Unlch  &  Schinip. 

Poffonatum.  —  Plant,  hairy  calyptra  covering  the  capsule,  capsule  with 
operculum,  peristome  witli  epiphragm  and  four  teetli,  of  i^  urniye' 
rum,  Beauv. 

Polytrichum.  —  Plant,  hairy  calyptra  covering  the  capsule,  capsule 
with  operculum,  dried  capsule,  and  three  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of 
P.  commune,  Linn. 

Bartramia.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  dried  cap- 
sule, operculum,  and  portion  of  the  peristome,  of  B.  pomij'urmiiy 
Hedw. 

Mnium.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  portion  of  the  peristome 
(two  teeth,  three  perforated  segments,  and  live  cilia),  of  M.  cuspida' 
turn,  Hedw. 

Conostomum.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and 
peristome,  of  C.  boreale,  Swartz. 

Meesia.  —  Plant,  a  flower  (of  two  antheridia,  two  archegonia,  and  four 
paraphyses),  capsule  witli  operculum,  same  without  operculum  and 
dry,  and  two  teeth  and  two  inner  segments  of  tlie  peristome  with  a 
part  of  the  annulus,  of  M.  longiiieta,  Hedw. 

Funaria.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  same  with 
operculum  only,  operculum,  and  an  entire  tooth  of  the  iwristome 
with  tlie  bases  of  two  broken  teeth  opposite  to  two  cilia,  of  F.  hygro- 
metricUy  Sibth. 

Aulacomnion.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  dried 
capsule,  and  part  of  the  peristome  (two  teeth,  one  segment  split 
along  the  middle,  and  two  cilia),  of  A.  heterostichwn,  Uruch  & 
Schimp. 

Timmia.  —  Plant,  calyptra  attached  to  the  pedicel,  capsule  with  oper- 
culum, dried  capsule,  and  one  tooth  of  the  peristome  with  several 
appendiculate  di\isions  of  the  segments  united  by  foiu*s  and  a  portion 
01  the  annulus,  of  T.  meyapolitana,  Hedw. 


418 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


li-'; 


Platk  IV. 

Bntosthodon.  — riantH,  ralyptra,  cansule  with  opcroulnin,  month  of 
caimiile  with  «'iitii'()  ixiristoiiiu,  and  tlireu  of  tliu  tuuth  with  part  of  the 
animiii.H,  uf  K.  Uriiinmondii,  ISulliv. 

Physoomitrium.  —  riant,  naniu  enlaigwl,  calyptra,  capsule,  and  oper- 
culum with  colinntdla,  of  /'.  iinmerHitm,  Sniliv. 

Aphanorheerma.  —  riant,  name  enlargnd,  calyptra,  capsule,  and  oper- 
culum, of  A.  nciratuiu,  Mulliv. 

Tetraplodon.  —  Plant,  calyntra  with  operculum,  calyptra,  capsule 
with  it8  long  apophyHJH,  and  four  teeth  of  the  peristome  in  pairs,  of 
T.  nuHtralis,  &>ulliv.  &  Les<i. 

Splaohnum.  —  Plants,  calyptra  (entire  and  tipped  with  the  stvlc),  cap- 
sule with  operculum  and  paraphyHiH,  oi>erculum,  mouth  of  capsule 
with  the  rtttlexed  teeth  of  the  peristome  and  exserted  capitate  colu- 
mella, and  two  teetli,  of  M.  amt>itllaceum,  Linn. 

Coscinodou.  —  Plant,  plant  enlarged,  calyptra,  capsule  with  calyptra 
and  upcrcultun,  same  with  operculum  only,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peri- 
stome with  part  of  the  annufus,  of  C.  Wrlyhtli,  ISulliv. 

Diohelyma.  —  Plant,  oerichajtial  leaves  with  capsule  laterally  emer- 
gent, capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  operculum,  and  two  teeth 
of  the  peristome  wltli  two  cilia  connected  at  the  apex  by  cross-bars, 
of  D.capillaceuin,  Biuch  &  Schimp. 

Fontinalis.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  same  immersed 
in  the  perichtetial  leaves,  operculum  and  peristome  (the  inner  a  tes- 
sellated cone),  of  F.  antipyretica,  Linn. 

Anacamptodon.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  dried 
ctipMule,  operculum,  and  two  entire  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  the 
base  of  a  third  rellexed  and  three  cilia-like  segments,  of  A.  aplach- 
no'idea,  Brid. 

Pabronia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  operculum,  and 
two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  F.  liavenclii,  Sulliv. 

Antitrichia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  operculum, 

and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  three  segments,  of  A.  curtipen- 

dula,  Brid. 
Leptodon.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum  and 

pedicel  and  perichsetial  leaves,  and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome,  of  L. 

O/iioenah,  Sulliv. 
Brjnim.  —  Plant,  an  hermaphrodite  flower  (of  two  antheridia,  two  arche- 

gonia,  and  four  paraphyses),  capsule  with  operculum,  and  part  of  the 

peristome  (one  tooth,  one  perforated  segment,  and  three  appendicu- 

late  cilia),  of  B.  bimum,  Schreb. 

Pylaisia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  operculum,  and  portion  of  the 
peristome  (three  teeth  with  agglutinate  segments),  of  P.  intricata, 
Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Leucodon.  ~  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  capsule  with 
operculum  and  perichtetial  leaves,  operculum,  and  three  of  the  per- 
forated teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  with  the  inner  annular  membrane, 
of  L.  julaceuSf  Sulliv. 

Plate  V. 

Homalothecium.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  oper- 
culum, and  three  teeth  of  the  outer  peristome  with  fragments  of  the 
inner  mecsbrane  and  a  part  of  the  annulus,  of  H.  subcapillatum,  Sulliv. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


419 


Platygyrium. -- Plant,  cnnnulo  with  calyptrn  aiul  opemiliiin,  op«r- 
ciiliiiii,  an*i  four  tt'clli  oi  lli«!  poriHtointt  with  hh  many  Nt>i;in«>ntH  utul  a 
quarU;!'  of  tho  Iui'ku  aiiniiliis,  of  /'.  rc/ioiM,  linidi  t.W-  Schiinp. 

Oylindrotheoium.  —  IMimt,  capMulu  with  culyptni  aii<l  opcrriiliMii,  mill 
two  tt't'tii  of  Ihu  puriHtoiiit!  with  oitu  Mi^iiifiil,  of  C.  vUidoi'i'liiznnH, 
Srhitiip. 

Myurella.  —  IMunt,  two  cupNulfs  with  op(>i-i;iila,  and  two  tirth  of  th« 
pt'i'lMtoiiiu  with  a  st'h'iiitMil  and  tluvi;  cilia,  of  J/.  L'urii/tinn,  Siilllv. 

Leskea.  —  Plant,  cap.siiltt  with  calyptra  and  op«>irnluin,  optTtMihun,  five 
vntlrt!  tooth  of  the  porl.Htonu;  with  tht>  baHcn  of  tliruc  biokon  t*nt>s  and 
thrco  80!{nit>nt!4,  and  a  tooth  nioro  cnlari^i'*!  with  a  Sf;;in('nt  and  i)ai-t 
of  tho  haHllar  niuinbranu  and  part  of  tiiu  unnuhis,  of  L,  ohanirti, 
llotlw. 

Olasmatodon.  —  Plimt,  capsulo  with  calyptra  an^l  opcrcnlnni,  two 
oporcnla.  portion  of  tli«  sin;^lo  iM-ristonio  with  part  of  I  ho  annuhis, 
and  vortical  soc-tion  thronijh  the  poristonio,  of  (J,  jtarenliiH,  .Sulllv. 

Oryphsea.  —  Plant,  poricluutlnni  on«'loslnj;  tlio  capsido  with  Its  calyptra 
and  opercuhun,  calyptra,  capsule  with  oporculmn  partly  roniovod, 
two  t«'oth  of  the  poristonio  with  throt;  so;,'inont»  and  a  part  of  the 
annnhis.  and  two  sj>oroH,  of  C.  uloimnUn,  Bruch  »fc  .Schiinit. 

Pterygfophyllum  (iw  Unnkvriu).  —  Plant,  calyptra.  capsule  with  oper- 
culum, and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  two  S(!gnients,  of  7'.  liicctm, 
Krid. 

Climaoium.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  oporculum,  opercuhun, 
and  two  teeth  and  two  segments  of  the  peristome,  of  ('.  Amvricununi, 
lirid. 

Neckera.  —  Plant,  portion  of  stem  with  male  flower  and  nerichietitun 
enclosing  the  capsule,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum  in  con- 
nection witli  tlie  vaginule  and  paraphysos  of  the  poriclnetial  brancli, 
and  two  teeth  of  the  peristome  with  three  rudimentary  segments,  of 
jV.  peniKitd,  Iledw. 

Auomodon.  —  Plant,  capsule  with  calyptra  and  operculum,  and  two 
teetli  of  the  peristome  with  the  inner  membrane  and  a  part  of  the 
annulus,  of  A.  ohtuii{f'olin.H,  Bruch  &  Schlmp. 

Homalia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  oporculum,  and  part  of  the 

f>eristome  (on«  tooth,  two  segments,  one  ciiiuni,  and  part  of  the  annu- 
us),  of  Ifypnam  WrightU,  Sulllv.  (which  agrees  with  llomalia  so  far 
as  represented). 

Hypnum  (lirachythecium).  —  Plant,  calyptra,  two  capsules  with  oper- 
cula,  and  part  of  the  peristome  (one  tooth,  one  segment,  and  two 
cilia,  with  part  of  the  annulus),  of  //.  aalebrosum,  Holfm. 


Plate  VI. 

Thelia.  —  Plant,  calyptra,  capsule  with  opercidum,  and  three  teeth  of 
the  peristome  with  three  segments  of  the  Inner  membrane,  of  T.  hir- 
tella,  Sulllv. — [SuUicant.) 

Hypnum  (Earhynchium). — Plant,  and  capsule  with  operculum,  of  li. 
crasainercium,  Tayl. 

Hypnum  ( Plarfiothecittm).  —  Plant,  and  capsule  with  operculum,  of 
//.  denticiUatum,  Linn. 

Hypnum  {Amhlyategium).  —  Plant,  and  capsule  with  operculum,  of  H. 
serpens,  Linn. 

Hypnum  (Paeudoleakea). — Plant  of  H.  atroxsirena,  Dicks.  Two  seg- 
ments of  the  inner  peristome  with  two  cilia,  of  H.  catenulaAum,  Brid. 


I 


420 


EXPLitNATlON  OF  Tli£  PLATES. 


Pteroffonium.  —  Plant,  capfiiite  with  calyptra,  and  two  teeth  of  the 
ptiriHtoim!  wkth  tliree  H«){nientii,  of  I',  yracilv,  Swurtz. 

Hypnum  {IthinnhoHteyium).  —  i'lant  and  caimuIh,  with  oi>erculum,  of 
II.  tliininHHin,  \\[[». 

Hypnum  {T/tnldlnm).  —  Plant,  and  branch-leaf  P'^iargnd,  of  //.  tama- 
rlHciiinin,  Ileilw. 

Hypnum  (Thdmnlum).  —  Plant  of  //.  alopccurum^  Linn. 

Hypnum  {llyloromlum),  —  Plant,  and  capsule  with  operculum,  of  //. 
nnuarronnm,  Linn. 

Hypnum,  proper.  —  Portion  of  a  stem  of  U.  caUlchroum,  Drid. 


I 


GLOSSARY. 


Ahortlce :  not  fully  developed;  Iin- 
lM'rtV(!tly  furiiHui. 

Arroriiri>l ;  inoj«««'»  with  tlm  fruit 
tt-niilnul  upon  the  iiiuin  Hteiu. 

Aciiniinatv ;  tuper-polntcd. 

Acittutc ;  Mllffhtly  |H>inte(l. 

Atutte ;  Hhurply  imiiitud,  but  more 
or  lesH  abruptly. 

AilrnUe  ;  iuin«Ml  together;  congeul- 
Itolly  adherent. 

Ahii'  (cellH);  those  at  the  1  asal 
angles  of  a  leaf. 

Alatv;  winged. 

Amlroi/ynoHH  ;  with  male  and  fe- 
mule  (lowers  in  the  same  cluster 
of  leaves. 

Aiinulna ;  the  ring  of  cells  'tween 
the  base  of  tho  iM'ristoiiHt  or  ori- 
fice of  the  capsule  unti  the  oper- 
culum. 

Anther idimii,  (plural)  Antherldia  ; 
clavate  oblong  vesicles,  analogous 
to  theantheiaof  flowering  plants. 

Aincul;  at  or  belonging  to  the  aiH'X. 

Ainciiiute ;  with  an  abrupt  siiort 
acute  point. 

Apoithynate  ;  with  an  apophysis. 

ApophyHiH ;  an  enlargement  of  the 
pedicel  at  tiie  base  of  the  capsule. 

Appendiculdte  (cilia);  witli  smaM, 
transverse  spurs  attached  at  inter- 
vals to  the  margin. 

Arcfieyonium,  (i)lural)  Archegonia; 
long-necked  vesicles,  analogous 
to  tlie  pistils  of  flowering  plants. 

A  rcuate,  or  arched;  bent  like  a  bow. 

Areol(je  ;  the  spaces  enclosed  with- 
in the  cells  of  the  leaves. 

Areolation ;  arrangement  and  form 
of  the  areoliB. 

AriHtu  ;  a  short  bristly  awn. 

Aristute  ;  bearing  a  short  awn. 

Articulate;  marked  or  joined  by 
cross-bars,  joints,  or  articulations. 

Attenuated ;  tapering  to  a  slender 
extremity. 

Avricitlate;  furnished  with  auri- 
cles or  ear-like  appendages  at  the 
base. 


Aut(PcloH»  (infloresoenco);  each 
(lower,  mule  and  female,  in  a 
separate  involucre  or  cluster  of 
ieav(!s. 

Ajril ;  the  iM)int  of  union  of  the 
upiHir  shle  of  a  leaf  \\U  h  the  stem. 

AxUUiry  ;  situated  in  un  axil. 

Barren  (flower);  containing  anthe- 

ridiu  only. 
lieuk  ;  |)rolonged  narrow  tip  of  the 

o^>erculum. 
H{tariuuH ;  two-ranked. 
Jtijld ;    two-cleft    to    about     the 

mitldle. 
llU'urcate ;      forking      into      two 

branches. 
Uiueiiiinate  ;  doubly-paired,  or  four 

together. 
liipartite ;  two-parted. 
Jiisejruul ;   having  aiithoridia  and 

archegonia  in  the  same  involucre. 

iSee  Syiiwcioui^, 
BUtrlutv ;  marked  with  two  parallel 

lines  or  strite. 

Cnlyptra ;  the  liood  or  membranous 
covering  of  the  capsule  and  oper- 
culum. 

Cutiipanulate ;  bell-shaped. 

Cancellute ;  latticed;  resembling 
luttice-work. 

Capitate;  having  a  globose  head- 
like apex. 

Cupitulwn  ;  a  small  head;  a  close, 
dense  t;luster  of  leaves. 

Caplluliforni  ;  having  the  form  of 
a  small  head. 

Capsule ;  the  fruit,  or  case  bearing 
the  spores. 

Carinate ;  keeled. 

Caulescent ;  having  a  stem. 

Cauline ;  growing  on  or  pertaining 
to  the  stem. 

Cells,  or  cellules  ;  the  vesicles  com- 
posing the  substance  of  the  leaf 
or  the  areolation. 

Cernuous ;  :)odding,  with  the  sum- 
mit somewLxat  inclined. 

421 


■■'I 


422 


GLOSSARY. 


1 1'' 


ill 


i!i; 


Ceapitoae  ;  forming  matted  tufts. 
Chlorophyll ;  the  green  uiatter  in 

tlie  cells  of  leaves. 
ChlorophyUost ;  containing  chloro- 
phyll. 
Ciliuin,    (plural)   Cilia;    hair-like 

divisions  between  the  segments 

of  the  inner  peristome,  or  slender 

hairs  on  tlie  horders  of  the  leaves. 
Circinute  ;  vo\kA  inward  from  the 

tip  into  a  circle  or  si>iral. 
Cirrhotie ;  with   a  very  narrow  or 

hair-lilce  wavy  point. 
Clddocarpi ;  mosses  liaving  the  fruit 

ternnnal  on  short  lateral  iSranches. 
Clucate ;  club-sliapeil.  ' 

Close ;  appressed  (of  leaves). 
Colluni ;  tlie  neck  or  tapering  base 

of  the  capsule. 
ColnmHla  ;  the  central  axis  around 

which   are  placed  the  spores  in 

the  capsule. 
Comal  or  comose;  tufted  at  the  apex. 
Complanate  ;  flattened;  lying  in  the 

same  plane. 
Confervoiil ;  thi-ead-like,  ordiffusely 

tiiamentose,  l.ke  i  Conferva, 
Confluent;  blended  together;    co- 
herent. 
Connate. ; 

from  the  first, 
Connlvent ;   directed   all 

toward  a  conunon  centre. 
Constricted ;   suddenly  contracted 

in  width,  not  at  the  extremity. 
Contracted;    narrowed    or   short- 
ened. 
Convolute  ;  rolled  up  lengthwise. 
Cordate ;  lieart-shaped. 
Coriaceous ;  of  thick  texture,  like 

leather. 
Cortex;  the  outer  integument  of 

stems. 
Cortical ;  belonging  to  the  cortex. 
Costa  ;  the  medial  nerve  or  rib  of  a 

leaf. 
Crenate ;  having  the  borders  cut 

into  small  obtuse  teeth. 
Crihrose ;  perforated  like  a  sieve, 

with  small  apertures. 
Crispate  ;  curlfad  or  bent  in  various 

directions. 
Cucullate ;  hood-shaped,  rolled  up 

like  a  cornet  of  paper;  as  applied 
to  the  calyptra,  conical  and  cleft 
on  one  side. 
Cultri/orm;    like  the  blade  of   a 

knife. 
Cuneate ;  wedge-shaped,  with  the 

angle  downward. 
Cupuliform ;  shaped  like  a  dome. 


united  or  grown  togetlier 


together 


Cuspidate ;  tapering  to  a  stout 
acute  point. 

Deciduous ;  falling  off  easily. 

Decumbent ;  reclined  on  tlie  ground, 
the  sunnuit  tending  to  rise. 

Decurrent  (leaves);  tlie  borders 
prolonged  downward  upon  the 
stem. 

Dejtexed ;  bent  downward. 

Dejtuent ;  running  downward. 

Dehiscent ;  opening  or  splitting 
open. 

Dendroid ;  tree-like  in  form  or  ap- 
pearance. 

Dentate ;  toothed.  ' 

Denticulate  ;  with  small  teeth. 

Deoperculate  ;  applied  to  a  capsule 
after  its  lid  lias  fallen  off. 

Diaphanous  ;  transparent  or  trans- 
lucent. 

Diaphragm;  a  dividing  membrane 
or  partition. 

Dichotomous ;  two-forked. 

Dimidiate ;  split  on  one  side. 

Dimorphous ;  of  two  forms. 

Dioecious;  with  the  male  and  female 
flowers  on  separate  plants. 

Disciform  ;  sliaped  lilce  a  flat  disk. 

Distichous;  in  two  opposite  rows; 
two-ranked. 

Divaricate ;  widely  spreading  and 
divergent. 

Divided  ;  cleft  to  the  base. 

Divisural  (line);  the  line  down  the 
teeth  of  the  peristome  by  which 
they  split. 

Dorsal ;  placed  on  the  back  or 
outer  surface  of  the  leaves. 

Ducts ;  narrow  linear  cells  resem- 
bling vessels,  separating  tlie  cel- 
lules of  the  leaves  of  Sphagnum. 

Ecostate ;  without  costa. 

Emarginate ;  notched  at  the  sum- 
mit. 

Emergent  (capsules);  rising  slightly 
above  the  perichsetlum. 

Epiphragm  ;  membrane  covering 
the  orifice  of  the  capsule. 

Equal  (capsule);  symmetrical. 

Eradiculose ;  without  rootlets. 

Erose ;  irregularly  notclied,  as  if 
gnawed. 

Excurrent ;  extending  beyond  the 
apex  of  the  leaf. 

Exserted ;  protruding  above. 

Falcate  (leaves);  scythe-shaped; 
strongly  curved  and  more  or  less 
folded. 


I  / 


GLOSSARY. 


423 


Fascicle ;  a  close  cluster  of  leaves 

on  a  very  sliort  branch. 
Faaciculate  (branches);  clusters  of 

short  lateral  unequal  branches. 
FastUjlate  ;  having  the  branches  of 

equal  height,  in  close  clusters. 
Fertile  (flower);  with  archegouia, 

or  fri' it-bearing. 
FihrilH,   small   Hbres  or  filaments 

lining  the  utricles  of  Sphaynum. 
FHil'onii ;  thread-like. 
Fimbriate ;  fringed. 
Finsile  ;  easily  split  or  divided. 
FistuloHe  ;  hollow  and  cylindrical. 
FluifeUiJ'orm ;   long,    narrow,    and 

Hexibie,  like  the  lash  of  a  whip. 
Flavescent;   yellowish  or  turning 

yellow. 
FrondiJ'orni ;    like    the    leaves    of 

ferns;   havi^ng  stem   and  leaves 

fused  in  one. 
Frondose  ;  frond-bearing,  or  like  a 

frond. 
Fuyacioua ;  soon  falling  away. 
Fusiform  ;  spindle-shaped. 

Geminate;  twin;  in  pairs. 
Gemma,  (plural)  Gemmiz ;  a  bud; 

loose  granular  bodies  capable  of 

becoming  plants. 
Gemmule  ;  a  small  bud. 
GemmaceouH ;  bearing  gemmce. 
Gemmiform  ;  shaped  like  a  bud. 
Geniculate ;   suddenly  bent  at  an 

angle. 
Gibbous;  more  tumid  on  one  side 

than  on  the  other. 
Glaucous ;  covered  with  a  bloom 

or  pulverulent. 
Granulated ;  roughish  on  the  sur- 
face. 
Granuliferous ;       bearing      small 

grains. 
Granulose;  resembling  small  grains. 
Grecfarioua;    growing  in  clusters, 

but  not  matted  together. 
Gymnoatome ;  with  the  orifice  of  the 

capsule  naked ;  without  peristome. 

Hamate ;  hooked. 

Hamulose ;  bearing  or  formed  into 

small  hooks. 
Hispid;    bristly;   beset  with  stiflf 

hairs. 
Homomallous    (leaves);    bent    or 

curved  all  to  one  side. 
Hyaline ;  transparent. 
Hygroscopic;  sensitive  to  moisture; 

moving  when  moistened  or  dried. 
Hypoqynous ;  inserted  at  the  base 

of  the  pistil. 


Imbricated ;  overlapping  each  other 
like  tiles  or  shingles  on  a  roof. 

Immanjinnte ;  without  margin. 

Immersed  (capsule);  coven-d  over 
and  concealed  by  the  leaves  of 
the  perichuitium. 

Incumbent;  leaning  or  resting  upon. 

Indehiscent ;  not  splitting  open  or 
dehiscent. 

Injlexed ;  bent  inward. 

Injlorescence  ;  the  arrangement  of 
the  flowers. 

Innovation;  a  young  shoot;  a  suj)- 
plementary  extension  <j2  the  stem. 

Involucral ;  belonging  to  the  invo- 
lucre. 

Involucre ;  a  whorl  of  leaves  around 
a  flower. 

Irregular;  unsymmetric. 

Julaceous ;  resembling  a  slender 
glossy  worm;  ament-like. 

Laciuiie;  slender  lobes  or  segments. 

Laciniate  ;  cut  into  deep  narrow 
segments  or  shrt'ds. 

Lacunose  ;  perforated  with  holes. 

Lamella  ;  a  small  thin  plate,  or 
thin  narrow  projection. 

Lamellate ;  consisting  of  small 
plates  or  lanielhc. 

Lamelliform  ;  like  lamelhe. 

Lamina ;  the  substance  of  a  leaf, 
excepting  the  nerve :  the  terminal 
part  of  the  leaf  in  Fissidens. 

Lanceolate ;  lance-shaped. 

Latticed;  see  Cancellate. 

Lid;  the  cover  of  the  orifice  of  the 
capsule;  the  operculum. 

Ligulate;  strap-shajwd. 

Linguiform,  or  Lingulate;  tongue- 
shaped. 

Lorate;  thong-shaped. 

Macrospores;  spores  of  large  size, 
in  opposition  to  microspores,  in 
mosses  with  two  kinds  of  spores. 

Mamillate;  tipped  with  a  small 
nipple. 

Margin  (of  a  leaf);  a  border  of 
cells  of  peculiar  shape  or  color. 

Medullary;  pertaining  to  the  pith 
of  stems. 

Microspores;  small  spores.  See 
Macrospores. 

Microstome ;  having  a  small  mouth 
or  orifice. 

Midrib;  middle  nerve  of  a  leaf. 

Mitriform;  mitre-shaped;  in  the 
form  of  a  peaked  cap;  conical, 
with  somewhat  narrowed  orifice. 


'■VK^Tnjr- 


.spiwrT" 


424 


GLOSSARY. 


|ii' 


i'- 


Mi-. 


8iL 


m 


).;, 


Monaedowt;  with  male  and  female 
flowers  on  the  same  ])lant,  but 
not  in  the  same  receptacle. 

Mucro;  an  al)rupt  sliort  point  con- 
tinuous with  tliu  costa. 

Mucronate  ;  tipped  witli  a  nnicro. 

Mucromdate ;  witli  a  very  small 
mucro. 

MuUiJid;  many-parted,  or  many 
times  divided  for  a  portion  of  tlie 
length. 

iliiriciite;  having  the  surface 
rough  with  shorl  hard  points. 

Jiluticous;  pointless,  blunt. 

Neck;  see  Collion. 
Nerve;  see  Midrib. 
Nodoae,  Nudulone;  knotty. 

Obconiad;  conical  inversed.  Ob 
prefixed  to  words  usually  signifies 
inversion. 

Obovide;  inverted  ovate,  the  nar- 
row end  at  the  base. 

Obmlete ;  scarcely  apparent. 

Operculum;  see  Lid. 

Ovate;  shaped  like  an  egg. 

Panduri/orm ;  fiddle-shaped. 

Papillaie,  I'a])iU(>i<e;  covered  with 
small  nipple-shaped  protuber- 
ances (paitiUw). 

Para))h]/llia;  small  thin  leaves  or 
hair-like  appendages  attached  to 
the  stem. 

Paraphijsate ;  having  paraphyses. 

Paraphi/.'<en;  minute  jointed  fila- 
ments, accompanying  the  arche- 
gonia  and  anthoridia. 

Parenchymatous ;  composed  of 
broad  cells  applied  end  to  end. 

Para'cious;  witli  male  and  female 
flowers  placed  close  together. 

Patent;  spreading  open. 

Pectinate;  divided  or  branched 
like  a  comb. 

Pedicel;  the  stalk  of  the  capsule. 

Pedicellate;  furnished  with  a  ped- 
icel. 

Pendulous;  somewhat  hanging  or 
drooping,  more  so  than  cernu- 
ous. 

Percurrent  (costa);  extending 
through  the  entire  length  of  the 
leaf. 

Perforate;  pierced  with  holes. 

Perichcetium;  the  involucre  of  the 
female  flower;  the  cluster  of 
leaves  at  the  base  of  the  pedicel  or 
of  the  capsule,  when  sessile,  and 
surrounding  the  vaginule. 


Perigonium;  involucral  leaves  or 
scales  of  tlie  male  flower. 

Peristome;  fringe  of  teeth,  etc.,  at 
the  orifice  of  the  capsule. 

PerttiHient;  not  easily  or  soon  fall- 
inc[  away. 

Plane ;  flat. 

Pleurocarpi;  mosses  having  axil- 
lary flowers,  and  the  fruit  lateral 
upon  the  stems  or  branches. 

Plicate;  folded  lengthwise. 

Poljinamous;  with  barren  and  fer- 
tile flowers  variously  disposed  on 
the  same  plant. 

Polijphyllous;  many-leaved. 

Primordial;  earliest  formed. 

Processes;  principal  divisions  of 
the  inner  peristome;  segments. 

i-'roci/»»^cH<;  trailing  on  the  ground. 

Prolijerous;  bearing  young  shouts 
from  the  head  or  cluster  of 
flowers. 

Prosencliymatous ;  composed  of 
narrow  cells  whose  ends  overlap 
each  othei". 

Prothallium;  confervoid  filaments 
arising  from  the  gennination  of 
the  spore,  or  in  some  mosses  pre- 
ceding the  formation  of  buds  by 
rootlets. 

Pseudopodhim;  the  false  pedicel 
or  elongation  of  the  vaginule  sup- 
porting the  capsule  of  ISphaifnum; 
also  applied  to  the  granules  of 
Aulaco)iinium. 

Pulvinute;  cushioned  or  shaped 
like  a  pillow. 

Punctate,  Punctulate ;  marked 
with  small  opaque  dots. 

Punctiform;  dot-like. 

PyriJ'orm;  pear-shaped. 

Quadrate;  square. 

Jiadicles;  small  rooting  filaments, 

ends  of  the  roots  or  rootlets. 
Radiculose  ;  covered  with  radicles 
Ramose;  branching. 
liamulose;  bearing  branchlets. 
Receptacle;  the  axis  or  support  o< 

a  flower. 
Reflexed ;  abruptly  bent  back. 
Repand;  wavy-margined. 
Reticulate;  with  veins  forming  f 

net-work;  mesh-like. 
Retuse;  with  the  apex  not  only  ob  ■ 

tuse  but  somewhat  indented, 
Rhizoma;    creeping   subterraneai' 

stem. 
Rostellate;  having  a  short  beak. 
Rostrate;  with  a  beak. 


GLOSSARY. 


425 


Roatilnte  (leaves);  in  a  cluster  regu- 
larly arranged  like  a  rosette. 
liuijone;  wrinkled. 

Scabrous;  rough. 

ScitrloHM,  or  Scariose ;  thin,  dry 
and  ineinl)ranous. 

Seciind;  one-sided;  turned  to  one 
side. 

Si'ijments;  divisions  or  teeth  of  the 
inner  peristome. 

Semltevete;  liaif-cylindrical. 

Serrate;  having  teeth  pointing  up- 
ward. 

Serrulate;  same  as  the  last,  but 
with  small  teeth. 

Seta;  a  bristle;  name  sometisncs 
applied  to  tlie  pedioel. 

Setaceous;  bristle-like. 

Sheath,  Shealhlivj;  the  base  of  a 
leaf  wrapped  around  the  stem 
like  a  sheath. 

Spatulate;  sliaped  like  a  spatula, 
narrowly  anil  obtusely  obovate 
and  attenuate  downward. 

SpermatozoUU;  active  organized 
bodies  in  tlie  anthcridia,  analo- 
gous to  the  pollen  of  flowering 
plants. 

Spinulose;  thorny ;  beset  with 
small  spines. 

SporaiLrfiuni;  the  spore-case  lining 
the  cavity  of  the  capsule;  c'"»  ju 
applied  to  the  whole  capsule. 

Spores;  the  small  round  bodies  con- 
tained in  the  capsule,  taking  the 
place  of  seeds. 

Squaini/orin;  shaped  like  a  scale. 

Squarrose;  spreading  open  widely 
and  abruptly  from  the  axis. 

Squarrulose;  sliglitly  squarrose. 

Stegocarpous;  having  tlie  capsule 
operculate. 

Stipitate;  having  a  stipe  or  foot- 
stalk. 

Stipules;  appendages  at  the  base  of 
the  leaves. 

Stoma,  (plural)  Stomnta;  breath- 
ing pores,  especially  seen  upon 
the  capsules. 

Stomatose;  bearing  stomata. 

Striate;  marked  with  fine  parallel 
lines  or  furrows. 

Striolate;  diminutive  of  striate, 
having  very  fine  striae. 

Strumose;  with  a  struma  or  goitre- 
like unsymmetrical  swelling  at 
the  base  of  the  capside. 

Sub-;  a  prefix  signifying  in  a  slight 
degree  or  somewhat. 

Subulate;  awl-shaped. 


Sulcate;  longitudinally  grooved. 

Survulua;  a  leafy  upright  shoot 
from  the  rhizoma. 

Synwcious;  having  antherldia  and 
archegonia  in  the  8am«  recep- 
tacle. 


Terete;  cylindrical,  sometimes  ta- 
pering. 

Texsellatr;  checkered  in  little 
squares. 

Thallus;  confervoid  filaments  in  the 
early  stage  of  the  growth  of  a 
moss.    .See  Prothalliuin. 

Tomentose;  covered  with  down  or 
soft  matted  hairs. 

Turulose;  knobby,  where  a  cylin- 
drical body  is  swollen  at  inter- 
vals. 

Trabeculate  (teeth);  with  horizon- 
tal prominent  crossbars  on  the 
inner  face. 

Truncate;  ending  abruptly,  as 
though  cut  traTisversely. 

Tubercle;  a  small  excrescence. 

Tubulose;  tubular. 

Tumid;  swollen. 

Tumescent;  slightly  swollen. 

Turbinate;  shaped  like  a  top. 

Tympaniforin  ;  drum-like,  applied 
to  a  membrane  stretched  over  the 
orifice  of  the  capsule. 

Umbonafe;  bossed ;  with  a  central 

projection    like  the    boss  of    a 

shield. 
Uncinate;  hook-shaped. 
Unequal ;  not  synunetrical. 
Unilateral;  one-sided. 
Urceolate;  contracted  at  the  orifice; 

shaped  like  a  pitcher. 
Utricles;  the  large  colored  hyaline 

cells  of  the  leaves  of  Sjihaynum. 

Varjinate;  sheathed ;  surrounded 
by  a  sheath  (varilna). 

Vaginide;  the  cellular  sheath  sur- 
roimding  the  base  of  the  pedicel, 
originally  the  lower  part  of  the 
archegonium. 

Vaguely ;  without  definite  order 
or  direction. 

Vermicular;  worm-shaped;  thick- 
cylindric  and  curved. 

Verrucose,  Verruculose;  beset  with 
small  projections  like  warts. 

Verticil;  a  whorl. 

Verticillo'e;  whorled. 

Vesiculost ,  or  Vesicular ;  bladdery ; 
formed  of  vesicles  or  small  air- 
cavities. 


I 


426 


GLOSSARY. 


Venaels;  ducts. 

Villous;   covered  with    soft   long 

hairs. 
Vireacent;    greenish;   turning    to 

green. 


Wavy;  with  the  surface  alternately 
convex  and  concave. 

Winy;  membranous  expansion  or 
basilar  border  of  the  leaf  pro- 
longed on  the  stem. 


K'i'        1 


or 

0- 


I  K  D  E  X. 


Acaulon  CarnioUcum,  Muell.,  42. 

Flverkeanum,  Muell.,  45. 

muUcnm,  Muell.,  40. 

rnJ'eacenH,  Jaeger,  41. 

SchimjK'rianuin,  Sulliv.,  41. 

triquetrum,  Muell.,  41. 

triquetrum,  van,  41. 
ACHOCAKPI,  30. 

AcrocUulium  ciispidatum,  Lindb., 

404. 
Alsla,  Sulliv.,  21^. 

abletina,  Sulliv.,  280. 
Californlca,  Sulliv.,  280. 
longipes,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  280. 
Amblyodon,  Beauv.,  211. 

dealbatus,  Beauv.,  211. 
Amblystegium,  371. 
Amblysterfiuiii,  Schimp.,  371. 
badiiim,  Lindb.,  406. 
confervoides,  Bruch  &  Sclilmp., 

373, 
cord{foUum,  DeNot.,  403. 
eugyriuin,  Lindb.,  401. 
exanmtlatum,  DeNot.,  384. 
JiUcinum,  L.adb.,  386. 
fluitans,  DeXot.,  383. 
fiiiviatile,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

374,  375. 
fHyanteum,  DeXot.,  403. 
Knelffiiy  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  380. 
lycopodioides,  DeNot.,  385. 
ochruceuin,  Lindb.,  402. 
palustre,  Lindb.,  399. 
polyr/amum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

379. 
radicale,    Bruch    &  Schimp., 

373. 
repens,  var.,  373. 
revoloen8,  DeNot.,  .384. 
Richard8oni,  Lindb.,  404. 
ripariuin,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

377. 
aarmentosum,  DeNot.,  403. 
scorpioides,  Lindb.,  407. 
Sendtneri,  Lindb.,  382. 
serpe)iii,  Bmch  &  Scliimp.,  373. 
aerratum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

376. 
Sprucei,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  372. 


Amblystegium    stramineumf     De- 
Not., 405. 

sxibtile,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  372. 

trif'ariuiii,  DeNot..  405. 

vucillans,  Sulliv.,  377. 

vernicoHuin,  Lindb.,  385. 

Wilsoni,  Lindb.,  382. 
Amphoridiuni,  Scliiinp.,  158. 

csespitosum,  Losq.   &   James, 
160. 

Californicum,  Lesq.  &  James, 
159. 

Lapponlcum,  Schimp., 158, 416. 

Mougeotii,  Schimp.,  159. 

Peckii,  Sulliv.,  413. 

Sullivantil,  Lesq.  &  James,  159. 
Anacalypta  latifolia,  Fuern.,  103. 

Starkeana,  Fuern.,  103. 
Anacamptodon,  Brid.,  296. 

splaclinoides,  Brid.,  296,  418. 
Andreaia,  Khrh.,  25. 

crassinervia,  Bruch,  26. 

petrophila,  Khrh.,  25. 

Rothii,  Web.  &  Molir,  2.5. 

rupestris.  Turn.,  25,  415. 

rupestrin,  Iledw.,  25. 
Andke^ace^,  25. 
Angstroemia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  63. 

longipes,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  63. 

pellucida,  Muell.,  62. 

Wahlenbenjii,  Muell.,  61. 
Anisodon    acutirostris,    Schimp., 

297. 
Anisothecium  crispitm,  Lindb.,  65. 

Grevillei,  Lindb.,  64. 

rubrum,  Lindb.,  66. 

rufescens,  Lindb.,  66. 

Hqunrroauin,  Lindb.,  65. 

varium,  Mitt.,  66. 
Anodus,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  96. 

Donianus,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
96. 
Ancpctanglum,  Schwaegr.,  54. 

Peckii,  Sulliv.,  55,  413. 
Anomodon,  Hook.  &  Tayl.,  804. 

apiculatus,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
306. 

attenuatus,  Hueben.,  305. 

Calif ornicus,  Lesq.,  306. 

427 


428 


INDEX. 


r 


; 


Anoinodon  minor,  Fuern.,  305. 

obtusifuilus,  liruch  &  iSchlinp., 
305,  410. 

rostratus,  Schlinp.,  305. 

ToccoHJ,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  300. 

trislis,  Sulliv.,  303. 

vltlculo3U8,  Hook.  &  Tayl.,  306. 
Antltrichia,  Urid.,  200. 

C;alifonilca,  Sulliv.,  201. 

cuitipentlula,  IJriil.,  201,  418. 

curtiiteadaUi,  SiiUiv.,  201. 
Aphanorliegma,  Sulliv.,  100. 

seiratuin,  Snlliv,,  30,  100,  418. 
Archidium,  UrUi.,  40. 

Doiini'lUi,  Aust.,  50. 

liallii,  Aust.,  51. 

LcHcurli,  Aust.,  44. 

lon^ifoUutn,   Les(i.   <&   James, 
50. 

Ohioense,  Scliimp.,  50,  415. 

phaHcoidcH,  Dniiuin.,  50. 

pliattcuidcs,  Siilliv.,  50. 

liavenelii,  Aust.,  50. 

tenerrimuiu.  Milt.,  50. 
Arctoafuhella,  liruch  &  bchimp., 
Astoinuin,  Haiiipe,  51.  [08. 

crispuin,  Iluuipe,  51. 

Ludovicianuin,  SuUiv.,  52. 

nitidulum,  Scliimp.,  .52. 

Suilivantii,  Scliimp.,  52. 
Aslrophylbim,  Neck.,  242. 
Atriclium,  Beauv.,  255. 

angustatum,  liruch  &  Schimp., 
250,  417. 

crlspum,  .James,  257. 

Lescurii,  James,  257. 

parallelum,  Mitt.,  258. 

Selwyiii,  Aust.,  256. 

undulatum,  Beauv.,  256. 

xauthopelma,  Lesq.  &  James, 
257. 

AULACOMXIK.E,  251. 

Aulacomiiium,  Schwaegr.,  252. 
androgynum,  Schwaegr.,  252. 
heterosticliiim,    liruch    <& 

Schimp.,  253,  417. 
paiustre,  Scliwaegr.,  2.52. 
papillosum,   Lesq.    «&    James, 

253. 
turgidum,  Schwaegr.,  253. 

Barbula,  Hedw.,  115. 
agraria,  Iledw.,  128. 
ambigua,  Bruch    &   Schimp., 

110. 
amplexa,  Lesq.,  118. 
anomala,  Brucli  and  Schimp., 

110. 
artocarpa,  Lesq.,  126. 
atrovirens,  Schimp.,  113. 
Beecheyi,  Lesq.,  125. 


Barbula  Bolanderi,  Lesq.,  118. 
brachypliylia,  Sulliv.,  123. 
bracht/phi/lla,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

123. 
brevipes,  Lesq.,  110. 
brevirostris,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

115. 
cajspitosa,  Schwaegr.,  120. 
cancullata,  Muell.,  122. 
cliloronotos,  Brucli,  116. 
cit'rhuta,  Brid.,  120. 
Closteri,  Aust.,  127. 
convoluta,  lledw.,  127. 
Oruegeri,  Sonder,  122. 
cuueifolia,  Brid.,  117. 
cyliiidrica,  Schimp.,  125. 
Douuellii,  Lesq.  &  James,  128. 
elata,  Dur.  &  Mont.,  125. 
fallax,  Hedw.,  121. 
falltix,  Sulliv.,  121. 
fallax,  var.,  122. 
flexifolia,  Ilampe,  124. 
fragilis,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  129. 
gracilis,  Scliwaegr.,  127. 
Guepini,  Schimp.,  114. 
hnniiliM,  Hedw.,  120. 
inermis,  Muell.,  131. 
intermedia,  Brid.,  13.3. 
Jooriana,  Muell.,  120. 
IsBvipila,  Bruch «&  Schimp.,  132. 
latifolia,  Brucli  &  Schimp.,  132. 
marginata,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

118. 

lembranifolia,  Scliidtz,  116. 
nucronifolia,    Bruch    & 

Schimp.,  131. 
Muelleri    Bruch    &    Schimp., 

133. 
mural  is,  Timm,  119. 
obtusifolia,  Schwaegr.,  114. 
papillosa,  Muell.,  133. 
purpurea,  Muell.,  123. 
Kaui,  Aust.,  128. 
liavenelii,  Aust.,  121. 
recurvifolia,  Schimp.,  122. 
rigida,  Schultz,  116. 
rig  Ida,  Hedw.,  116. 
rigidula,  Schimp.,  123. 
rubiginosa.  Mitt.,  126. 
ruraiis,  Hedw.,  132. 
semitorta,  Sulliv.,  126. 
squarrosa,  Brid.,  130. 
subfallax.  Muell.,  121. 
subulata,  Beauv.,  130. 
subidata,  var.,  1.31. 
tortuosa,  Web.  &  Mohr,  129. 
unguiculata,  Hedw.,  120,  415. 
Vahliana,  Schultz,  117. 
vinealis,  Braun,  124. 
vinealis,  var.,  125. 
virescens,  Lesq.,  124. 


INDEX. 


429 


8. 


9. 


2. 

2. 


Bartramia,  Hedw.,  203. 

calcarea,  Uruch  &    Schimp., 

210. 
conontomUf  Bruch  &  Schiinp., 

207. 
criupa,  Swartz,  200. 
fontnnn,  Swartz,  209. 
gracilis,  Floerkn,  200. 
lialleriana,  lledw.,  200. 
Ithyphylla,  lirid.,  205.   ' 
Marchica,  Sulliv.,  208. 
Menziesii,  Turn.,  204. 
Mohriaiia,  Muell.,  210. 
Mnhlenberyii,  Schwaegr.,  208. 
(Ederi,  Schwaegr.,  200. 
(Ederiana,  Swartz,  205. 
potniformis,  Iledw.,  200,  417. 
radicalis,  Ucauv.,  200. 
stricta,  Brid.,  205. 
subulata,   Bruch  &    Schimp., 

204. 
tenella,  Muell.,  208. 
Wilsonl,  Muell.,  207. 
BARTRAMIEvE,  203. 
Blindia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  08. 

acuta,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  08. 
Brachydontium  trichodes,  Fuern., 

90. 
Brachyodus,  Fuern.,  08. 
flexisetus,  Hampe,  09. 
trichodes,  Fuern.,  99. 
Brachytheciuin,  334. 
BracltijtheciuiHy  Schimp.,  335. 
acvtum,  Sulliv.,  .3JJ7. 
albicans,   Bruch   &    Schimp., 

338. 
campestre,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

344. 
collinum,  Bruch   &   Schimp., 

339. 
Hillebrandi,  Sulliv.,  .340. 
IcBtum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  3.3.5. 
pliimosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

340. 
plumoimm,  var.,  34.5. 
populeum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

345. 
reflexum,   Bruch   &    Schimp., 

342. 
rivulare,    Bruch   &    Schimp., 

345. 
rutabulum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

343. 
salebrosum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

330. 
splendens,  Aust.,  338. 
Starkii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  342. 
Sullivantii,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

335. 
Thedenii,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

338. 


Brachythecium  Utahense,  James, 
3:19. 

velittiuHin,  Bruch  «&  Schimp., 
340. 
Braunia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  152. 

Californica,  Le!i<|.,  153. 
Bruchia.  Sehwaegr.,  45. 

Beyrichiana,  Muull.,  47. 

Bolanderi,  LeM(|.,  40. 

brevicoliis,  Lesq.  &  James,  47. 

brevifolia,  Sulliv.,  48,  415. 

brevij)e8.  Hook.,  48. 

Varolime,  Aust.,  49. 

curviseta,  Les(|.  &  James,  47. 

Donnellii,  Aust.,  48. 

tl«;xuosa,  Muoll.,  40. 

flexifosu,  Sulliv.,  40. 

fiexHOsa,  var.,  40. 

Hallii,  Aust.,  47. 

Hanipeana,  Muell.,  49. 

microctd'pa,  Wils.,  40. 

ni(/ric<nis,  Aust.,  4(5. 

palustris,  Muell.,  45. 

Ravenelii,  Wils.,  49. 

Sullivantii,  Aust.,  40. 

Texana,  Aust.,  48. 

Votjesiacn,  var.,  47,  49, 
Bryace.e,  20. 
Bhye.*:,  214. 
Bryoziphinm   Norvegicum,  Mitt., 

95. 
Bryum,  Dill.,  22.3. 

aciculnre,  Linn.,  148. 

acninlnatniu,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
210. 

agrarium,  Swartz,  128. 

alpinum,  Linn..  233. 

aunotinum,  Hedw.,  219. 

apoc.arpum,  Linn.,  136. 

arcticuin,   Bruch    <&   Schimp., 
224. 

argenteum,  Linn.,  2M. 

atropurpureum,  \Vahl.,  232. 

Atwateriae,  Muell.,  234. 

Biddiecomiie,  Aust.,  226. 

Bif/eloi'ii,  Sulliv.,  223. 

Bi Harder i,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
230. 

biinum,  Schreb.,  220,  418. 

Bolanderi,  Lesq.,  220. 

Brownii,    Bruch    <&    Schimp., 
224. 

ciespiticium,  Linn.,  235. 

calcareum,  Dicks.,  07. 

Californicum,  Sulliv.,  287. 

calophyllum,  R.  Brown,  227. 

Canarienne,  Brid.,  230. 

capillare,  Linn.,  235. 

carneum,  Linn.,  221, 

cernuum,  Bruch   &   Schimp., 
225. 


•ICO 


INDEX. 


II 


'ii 


J.' 

5  (" 


i^ 


!   1 


Jiri/iim  clUntiim,  Dicks.,  152. 

cii'i'liiitiiin,  lloppu  &  llornsch., 

228, 
comiiiiitnttim,  Watson,  221. 
cunciiinutiiin,  hpruce,  240. 
corunatuin,  .Scliwaegr.,  232. 
o'udiim,  ^Sch^eb.,  211). 
ciiculltUain,  Sohwaegr.,  218. 
cHiie{f'oliiiin,  Dicks.,  117. 
cyc'lopliylluiii,    liruch    & 

Scliini]).,  237. 
dealbatuiii,  Dicks.,  211. 
deinlHHum,  Hook.,  241. 
JJi'umiuondii,  Mueil.,  220. 
Duvallll,  Voit,  238. 
clouffatumy  Dicks.,  217. 
eri/t/ii'ovarpun,  Diid.,  232. 
e.-ytlirocarpuni,        Schwaegr., 

232. 
flexuosiim,  Aust.,  227. 
glancHin,  Linn.,  UO. 
ill  linatum,  Druch  <&  Schinip., 

intermedium,  Brid.,  228. 
Jul<iceuin,  Scln-ad.,  236. 
lacustre,  Brid.,  220. 
Innatum,  lirid.,  235. 
latifoliuin,  Bi'ucli  &  Schlrnp., 

227. 
Lesciiriannmy  Sulliv.,  221. 
loncliocaulon,  Muell.,  22U. 
lon(/icolluiii,  Swartz,  217. 
Ludwhjii,  Bruch  &  Scliimp., 

221. 
Macounii,  Aust.,  23-1. 
Menziesii,  Hook.,  240. 
miniatum,  Lesq.,  233. 
montanuin^  Lam.,  9.3. 
Mnhlenbeckii,    Bruch    & 

Schimp.,  233. 
murale,  Linn.,  110. 
nudicmile,  Lesq.,  220. 
nudunif  Dicks.,  188. 
nutam,  Schreb.,  218,  220. 
obconicum,  Hornsch.,  236. 
occidentale,  Sulliv.,  23H. 
oecidentale^  Sulliv.   &   Lesq., 

236. 
Oreganum,  Stilllv.,  230. 
pallens,  Swartz,  2.37. 
pallescens,  Schleich.,  231. 
pallescens,  var.,  231. 
patensy  Dicks.,  147. 
pendiUum,  Schimp.,  225. 
piiiferum,  Dicks.,  104. 
polymorphum,    Bruch    & 

Schimp.,  216. 
pomiforme,  Linn.,  206. 
provinciale,  Philib.,  230. 
pseudotriquetrum,    Schwaegr., 

238. 


Bryum  pulchelhim,  Iledw.,  222. 

pulchelliim,  Sulliv.,  221. 

purpui'cum,  Bruch  &  Schimp.. 
224. 

pyrij'orme,  Hedw.,  216. 

Rani,  Aust.,  2.33. 

roseum,  Sclireb.,  239. 

roHtrdtuiii,  Sclirad.,  244. 

ruhelluin,  HotTm.,  104. 

rttrule,  Linn.,  l.'{2. 

muKjuituuui,  Brid.,  2.32. 

IScfnnijieri,  Muell.,  210. 

SefuHli,  Oeder,  60. 

Schleicherl,  Schwaegr.,  289. 

svopariuiu,  Linn.,  74. 

serrahun,  Schrad.,  245. 

sphtujnicoUt,  Brucli  &  Schimp., 
21U. 

8pino8inny  "Volt,  247. 

aqmirroHinn,  Hedw.,  214. 

subrotunduni.  Brid.,  231. 

aitii'ilatinn,  Linn.,  131. 

ietrayouiiitii,  Dicks.,  207. 

forquescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
230. 

tortuosum,  Linn.,  129. 

Tozeri,  Grev.,  222. 

truucutiilum,  Linn.,  101. 

turblnatum,  Schwaegr.,  238. 

ttirbinntmii,  var.,  23U. 

uliginosuni,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
227. 

vndulattnn,  Linn.,  256. 

nnguicnlatum,  Dill.,  120. 

versicolor,  A.  Braun,  233. 

Wahlenberyii,  Schwaegr.,  223. 

Warneum,  Bland.,  226. 

Zierii,  Dicks.,  241. 
Buxbaumia,  Hall.,  267. 

aphylla,  Linn.,  268,  417. 

follosa,  Web.,  267. 

BUXUAUMIEiE,  266. 

Calliergon,  402. 
Calymperes,  Swartz,  184. 

crispum,  Aust.,  184. 

dlsciforme,  Muell.,  184. 

Donnellii,  Aust.,  184. 

Kichardi,  Muell.,  184. 
Camptothecium,  331. 
Cainptothecium,  Schimp.,  831. 

lutescensyBrttch  &  S«jhlnip.,S31. 

megaptilum,  Sulliv.,  334. 

nitensy  Schimp.,  8.34. 

Niittallii,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
834. 
Campylium,  377. 
Campylium,  Mitt.,  .377. 

hispidulum,  Mitt.,  378. 
Campylo  lontium    hypnoidea, 
Schwaegr.,  296. 


INDEX. 


481 


Canipylodryptodon,  147. 
Campy  lupus,  Uiid.,  77. 

aii^uHtir«!iis,  Lt>s(|.  &  James,  80. 

cin-h<itun,  lluriisch.,  (K). 

Doniiullii,  L(;8<(.  &  Jiunes,  7U. 

flexuusus,  Urid.,  78,  41U. 

fri^idua,  Lest].,  70. 

gmcilicaulis,  Mitt.,  80. 

Ilallii,  L(!8q.,  71). 

introduxus,  iirid.,  78. 

Lcunus,  Sulliv.,  78. 

leiuiotriclniM,  huUlv.  &  Lesq., 
78. 

liauei,  Aust,,  7J). 

aaxicolu,  Hrid.,  W. 

a/iuwii,  Wlls.,  71. 

siiblcucogiistur,  Lcsq.  &  James, 
71). 

Tallulensis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  78. 

Virgin  if  us,  Lesq.  &  James,  8U. 

viridiH,  Sulliv.  «&  Les(|.,  (M). 
Campylosteleum,  Urueh&  Sehimp., 
1)1). 

saxicola,  Hruch  &  Sehimp.,  OU. 
Catharinea,  Elirli.,  2'>(J. 

anyitatatu,  lirid.,  2.*>0. 

Cullihryon,  Ehrh.,  250. 

criapa,  James,  258. 

xanthopclina,  Muell.,  257. 
Catoscopium,  Urid.,  211. 

nigritum,  Ikid.,  211. 
Ceratodon,  Brid.,  1)2. 

cyllndricus,  Uruch  &  Sehimp., 
93. 

minor,  Aust.,  02. 

purpureus,  Brid.,  02,  41.5. 
Ceravodontk^,  91. 
(Jhryaobryum  micana,  Lindb.,  350. 
Cinclidium,  Swartz,  249. 

stygium,  Swartz,  250. 

subrotundum,  Lindb.,  250. 
Cinclldotus,  Beauv.,  134. 

fontinaloides,  Beauv.,  134. 
Cladodium,  224. 
Claopodium,  327. 
Clasmatodon,  Hook.  &  Wlls.,  297. 

parvulus,  Sulliv..  207,  410. 

perpusHliiH,  Lindb.,  297. 

jmaillus.  Hook.  &  Wils.,  297. 

CLEI8TOCAKPI,  30. 

Climacium,  Web.  &  Mohr,  313. 

Americanum,  Brid.,  314,  419. 

dendroides,  Web.  &  Mohr,  314. 

Kuthenicum,  Lindb.,  314. 
Conomitrium,  Mont.,  80. 

Hallianum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  90. 

Julianum.  Mont.,  80,  416. 

osiunndoidea,  Muell.,  87. 
Conostomum,  Swartz,  207. 

boreale,  Swartz,  207,  417. 
Coscinodon,  Spreng.,  154. 


Coaciiindnn  rrihroaua,  Spruce,  155. 
nulvluiitUM,  Spn'iig.,  154. 
haul,  Les(|.  &  Jainos,  I.Vi. 
Wrightii,  Sulliv.,  LV),  418. 
Cratoneurum,  ;{80. 
Crypluea,  Molir,  275. 

JIlifontiiH,  Sidllv.,  270. 
glumerata,   Brucli  «&  Sehimp., 

270,  419. 
iniuidata,  Nees,  413. 
nervosa,  Itruch  t!i£  S<'himp.,  277. 
pundida,  Les(|.  ik  James.,  270, 
kavenelli,  Aust.,  277. 
Ctenidium,  389. 
Cteuidiiini,  Mitt.,  380. 

nioUiiHcmn,  Mitt.,  390. 
Ctenitun,  389. 

Cylindrutheeium,  Bruch  «&  Sehimp., 
310. 
brevisetum,  Bruch  «fe  Sehimp., 

311. 
cladorrhlzans,    Sehimp.,    311, 

410. 
compressum,  Bruch  «&  Sehimp., 

312. 
concinnum,  Srhlmp.,  81.3. 
Drummundii,Bruch«&  Sehimp., 

312. 
Floridaniun,  Duby,  312. 
gracUf'HccnH,  Sehimp.,  31.3. 
M())it(tynei,  Bruch  &  Sehimp., 

313. 
Mulilenhenjii,    Bnich    & 

Sehimp.,  311. 
Schlcicherif  Bruch  &  Sehimp., 

311. 
seductrix,  Sulliv.,  311. 
Sullivantii,  Sulliv.,  31.3. 
Cynodontium,  Sehimp.,  .50. 
Cnnnd<  iiac,  Mitt.,  62. 
ftexicrnde,  Schwaegr.,  107. 
gracileseens,  Sehimp.,  CO. 
polycarpimi,  Sehimp.,  60. 
Schisti,  Sehimp.,  .59. 
virens,  Sehimp.,  01. 
Cynontodium  capillaceum,  Hedw., 
04. 

Daltonia  diatirhn,  Arnott,  281. 
heteromalla,   Hook.  &   Wils., 

276. 
nervosa,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  276. 
Desmatodon,  Brid.,  110. 

arenaceus,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  111. 
cernuus,  Bruch  «&  Sehimp.,  114. 
flavicana,    Bruch  &  Sehimp.^ 

114. 
Garberi,  Lesq.  &  James,  112. 
Guepini,    Bruch   &    Sehimp., 

114. 
latifolius,  Brid.,  111. 


432 


INDEX. 


.     I 


i '  ' 


DesiDAtodon    Lnureri,    Bruch    & 
Scliimp.,  ll^. 

Nuu-MexicaiiUH,    Sulllv.     «& 
L('s(|.,  11.'). 

nervoHus,   liriich   &    Schimp., 
li:]. 

obllqiius,  Hriicli  i^  Soil  imp.,  11  •'3. 

obtitsifolliiH,  8(!liliiip.,  U-4. 

Ofiioi'tmiH,  Schiiup.,  112. 

plintliubius,    Siilliv.   <&   Lesq., 
112,  41((. 

Porteri,  JiunnH,  112. 

Systillus,    liruch  &    Schimp., 
111. 
Dlchelyiua,  Myrin,  272. 

cui>llluc«inn,  Urucli  &  Schimp., 
27:1,  418. 

eanillaceum,  Myiin,  274. 

cyllndricarpuin,  Aust.,  274. 

fulcatum,  Mvriii,  27:S. 

pall(!.sceiis,  Uruch  «&  Schimp., 
274. 

siibulatum,  Mvrin,  274. 

SwarUil,  Lin<i:>.,  27.*). 

iincinutum,  Mi.t.,  273. 
Dichoduntiiim,  Schlinp.,  01. 

Canadense,  Les<|.  tV:  James,  62. 

pellucidum,  Schimp.,  U2. 
Dicranella,  Schimp.,  ()4. 

cerviculata,  Schimp.,  05. 

crispa,  Schimp.,  04. 

curvata,  Schimp.,  07. 

debilis,  Lesq.  &  James,  66. 

Grevilleana,  Scliimp.,  04. 

heteromalla,  Scliimp.,  06. 

nifescens,  Schimp.,  0(J. 

Schreberi,  Schimp.,  04. 

SchreherU  var.,  02. 

aecunda,  Lindb.,00. 

squarrosa,  Schimp.,  05. 

subiilata,  Schimp.,  00. 

varia,  Schimp.,  05. 
Dlcranodontium,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
77. 

longirostre,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
77,  415. 

nithlum,  James,  71. 
Dicranoweisia,  Limib.,  57. 

cirrhata,  Lindb.,  57. 

crispula,  Lindb.,  57. 
Dicranum,  Hedw.,  07. 

albicans,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  71. 

alpestre,  Wahl.,  00. 

ambiyuum,  Ile<\w.,QSi. 

angnatiretiH,  Aust.,  80. 

Blyttli,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  68. 

Boiijeani.  DeNot,  75. 

eerviaUatum,  Hedw.,  65. 

condensatnm,  Hedw.,  76. 

congestion,  Brid.,  72. 

contortwn,  Wahl.,  139. 


Dicranum  erUpum,  Hedw.,  64. 
ritrratnm,  H»lw.,  07. 
diihilv,  liuok.  &  Wils.,  66. 
IhmnclUl,  Aust.,  7l>. 
Uruumiondil,  Mucll.,  70. 
•  ■lungattnn,  SfliwacK'*.*  71. 
filcatum,  Iledw.,  «W. 
t.iuellani,  Ilcilw.,  70. 
Jtixiriiiilr,  Brid.,  72. 
frai;ilifulium,  liiiuib.,  73. 
fulvcllum,  Smitli,  m,  415. 
fulvum.  Hook.,  70. 
fusccscons,  Tiu-n.,  72. 
ylmirnm,  Aust.,  Ul. 
yt'acUrtir.eiiH,  Web.  &  Mohr,  60. 
Grcfillednuin,    Bruch    & 

Schimp.,  04. 
hi'teromullinn,  Hedw.,  67. 
incurvnin,  W«'b.  &  Mohr,  82. 
interriiidnm,  Brid.,  70. 
intrnjlexum,  Hmlw.,  7H.  ' 
jnlaccum,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  63. 
lutifnliKiii,  Hedw.,  111. 
longifolium,  Hedw.,  70. 
lonijh'OHtn',  Schwaegr.,  72. 
Macounl.  Aust.,  71. 
majus,  Turn.,  74. 
montunum,  Hedw.,  60. 
Muhlenbeckii,    Bruch    & 

Schimp.,  72. 
pallidum,  Muell.,  74. 
pallidumf  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

76. 
palustre,  Lapyl..  74. 
pellttcidum,  Hedw.,  62. 
polj/carpnm,  Ehrh.,  60. 
piirpureuni,  Hedw.,  1)2. 
rhabdocarpum,  Sulliv.,  73. 
rufencenn,  Turn.,  0(J. 
Sfixicoln,  Web.  &  Mohr,  99. 
8chi8tU  Lindb.,  09. 
Scliraderi,  Web.  &  Mohr,  75. 
Schreberi,  SwarU.  05. 
Sc/ireberiawim,  Grev.,  64. 
scoparium,  Hedw.,  73,  410. 
spurium,  Hedw.,  75. 
aqnarrosinn,  Schrad.,  05. 
Starkii,  Web.  &  Mohr,  68. 
strictum,  Schleich.,  09. 
subleucogaater,  Muell.,  79. 
subleucogaater,  Aust.,  80. 
subulatiun,  Hedw.,  66. 
undulatum.  Turn.,  76. 
variiim,  Hedw.,  65. 
virens,  Hedw.,  61. 
Virginicum,  Aust.,  80. 
viride,  Schimp.,  69. 
Didymodon,  Hedw.,  104. 
ccespitoaus,  Mitt.,  160. 
cylindricus,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

105. 


INDEX. 


438 


Dldymoilon  ryllnihlcu$,  Wahl.,  03. 

dh'rvHiJ'uliitn,  Aust.,  101). 

/rauilitt.  Hook.  *  VVIU..  130. 

hnmoiiKiUim,  Um\w,,  107. 

lu:ifollnH,  Wahl.,  114. 

lonniroatrum,   Wub.   &   Mohr, 
77. 

luridiiH,  llunisch.,  104. 

luiH'lluM,  lirucli  Jii  Schiuip.,  104, 
410. 
Diphysc'iuin,  Muhr,  200. 

follosuiu,  .Mohr,  1107,  417. 

DiSC'KI.IK.E.  1.S7. 
Disofliuiii,  lii-id.,  18H. 

luuluiii.  Hrld.,  188. 
Dlssotloii,  (iiev.  &  Aim.,  180. 

Fi'd-lichiunus,  Gruv.   «k  Am., 

100. 
Ilumschuchii,  Grev.  &  Arn., 

180. 
splaelinuides,    Grev.  «&    Arn., 
100. 
Distiolihiiii,  liruch«&  Sohhiip.,  03. 
cupiMuceuiu,  Uruch&  ISchimp., 

03,  41(J. 
inclinatuiu,  Bruch  &  Schiiiip., 
04. 
Ditrk'hum  tnvitfoliuin,  Lindb.,  03. 
iJoi-cddion,  Adans.,  104. 
DruiniiiuiKlia,  Hook.,  100. 

clavi'Uata,  Hook.,  100,  410. 
Dryptodon,  148. 

ohtiiHUH,  Hrid.,  1.30. 
jHttena,  IJrid.,  147. 

Elodhim,  320. 
Encalypta,  Schreb.,  180. 

ciliata,  Iledw.,  182. 

coininutata,  Nees  &  Ilornsch., 
180. 

lacera,  DeNot.,  181. 

longipes.  Mitt.,  183. 

Macounii.  Aust.,  182. 

procera,  Brucli,  182. 

rhabdocarpa,    Schwaegr.,  181, 
410. 

Sehvynl,  Aust.,  183. 

streptocarpa,  Iledw,,  183. 

vulgaris,  Iledw.,  181. 
Entodon  conipressus,  Muell.,  312. 
Entostliodon,  Scliwaegr.,  100. 

Bolanderi,  Lesq.,100. 

Drummondii,  Siilliv.,  100,418. 

obtHHifolius,   Hook.   &    Wils., 
100. 

TempletonI,  Schwaegr.,  200. 
Ephemerum,  Hampe,  37. 

AuHtini,  Suliiv.,  37. 

cohaarens,  Muell.,  30. 

crassinerviuin,  Hampe,  38. 

hystrix,  Lindb.,  38.       ^ 


Ephemerum  mhiutitalmum,  Lindb., 
38. 

imlllditni,  Srhinip.,  30. 

pupilloitinn,  Au.st.,  38. 

s«>rratuni,  Hani]i«>,  37. 

muHilv,  >IuL'll.,  30. 

HpiiiuloHUui,  Brucli  •&  iSfhinip., 
.38. 

stcnophylhnn,  Schlinp.,  30. 

Hi/nuiniiii,  .lauit'H,  37. 

tciiiriiiii,  Hrucli,  37. 
K>'t')iinili)ii  Hidiifhuitidvii,  Brid.,  00. 
Kurliynchiuin,  .3.'i|. 
JCurhi/tirhiitiii,  Srlilnin.,  3.')1, 


ciiljiophi/llKin,  .Sulliv.,  3.'^ 


& 


dkfi'nifoUuin,         Bruch 

Schimp,,  3.V2. 
iiii/nHHrotdvH,  Scliiiup.,  34S. 
pilifiruiii,   Brut'ii  6c   8ohiiup., 

3:.3. 
pralonyum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

3r)3. 
SlokiHii,  Bruch  «fr  Schimp.,  3.'»,'). 
strifjoHum,  Bruch  &  Scliimp,, 

3:.2, 
Eustichitt,  Ilrid..  04, 

Norvcgica.  Brid,,  0.'),  410. 
Savatcri,  Husnut,  05. 

Fabronia,  Radtll.  204. 

('at'ulin'mnii,  Sulliv,,  205. 

Doiincllii,  Aust.,  20.">, 

gynuiostonia,  Sulliv,  &  Lesq., 
201, 

octohlepharis,  Schwaegr,,  205. 

pu><ilia,  Baddi,  204, 

Bavcnelii.  Sidilv.,  205,  418, 

Scliiitux'riniKi,  DcN'ot.,  204. 

HplncUtKwb-H,  Mudl,,  200. 

Wrightii,  Sulliv,,  205. 
Fahkonik.*:,  204. 
Fissidcns,  Hcdw,,  81. 

adiaiitoides,  Hcdw,,  88. 

bryoides,  Hcdw,,  81, 

}>rifoidfH,  Hook,  &  Wils.,  85. 

Closteri,  Aust,,  81, 

crassipes,  Wils,,  83, 

decipicns,  DeNot,,  87. 

Donncllii,  Aust.,  85. 

exiguus,  Sulliv,,  84, 

Floridaniis,  Lescj.  &  James,  83. 

Garberi,  Lcsq,  &  James,  86. 

grand  if  rons,  Brid.,  80. 

Hallii,  Aust,,  8.5, 

hyalinus,  Wils,  &  Hook,,  84. 

inconstans,  Scliimp,  82, 

incurvus,  Schwaegr,,  82, 

incnrcus,  var.,  83,  85. 

limbatus,  Sulliv.,  82. 

minutulus,  Sulliv.,  85. 

obtusifolius,  Wils.,  86, 


434 


INDKX. 


K 


Fi8Bi(l<>ns     osinuiululdus,     Iledw., 
H7. 

fi()|ypoill<><i«-H.  Ilt'tlw.,  88. 
(uvnit'lil,  Stilllv.,  M.j. 
BUbbiiNilai'iM,  llt'dw..  88. 
ni/iioiniH,  Slilliv.,  82. 
tllxIfollilB,  nr.lw.,H7,  410. 
'IVxaiiiiM,  I.fH)|.,  Ht\. 

Veiltl'lcOHlIN,    l.(!!«(|.,  84. 

viriihtliiH,  viir.,  M. 

FlHHiDKM'K.K,  Ml. 
Fo.NTINAI-K.K,  L'OS. 
Kuntiiiiili.s,  Dill.,  '2M. 

uiitipyi'fiitM,  Linn.,  2((8,  418. 

ontiitip'cllrti,  var.,  2()U. 

blfoniiis,  (jiilliv..  270. 

Cftlif«»rni.'a,  Snillv.,  200. 

cainllncra,  Dicks.,  27;{. 

Dali'carllca,  Hnidi  &  .Sclilinp., 
270. 

dlsticha,  H(mk.  &  Wlls.,  272. 

lliNtir.liil,  .Silliiv.  it  L«'sq.,  272. 

diHiicliii,  var..  270,  272. 

EtiUmi,  Siiiliv.,  2<*.0. 

J'lilrdfii,  Ilcilw.,  27:J. 

tilifoi mis,  Snillv.  &  Lcsq.,  271. 

iliu<tiil''ii<  Snillv.,  200. 

liypnoiiius,  Ilartni.,  272. 

Julitiiiii,  Siivi,  80. 

L«!scnhl,  Sniliv.,  271. 

Lf'.MCiu'ii,  var.,  271. 

MerccilidiKi,  L(!s(|..  200. 

!N(>u-Moxicana,  Snillv.  &  Lesq., 
200. 

Noviu-.\n.s,'Iiio.  Snillv.,  270. 

atindiiioHtt,  Anct.,  270. 

Huhiiltita,  licanv.,  274. 

8nllivantll.  Lindb.,  271. 
ForsHti'wiuia  nitida,  Llndb.,  270. 

OkiociisiH,  Lindb.,  270. 

tric/wniilriit,  Lindb.,  278. 
Funaria,  Sclircb.,  2«K). 

Americana,  Lindb.,  20L 

attenuatn,  Lindb.,  200. 

calcarea.  Wall  I.,  201. 

calcarcu,  Schinin.,  201. 

Californioa,   SulUv.   &    Lesq., 
201. 

ccdveticenH,  SdiAvaegr.,  202. 

convolnla,  llanipe,  202. 

Druminondi:,  Lindb.,  109. 

flavlcans,  Michx.,  202. 

Uibernicd,  Hook.,  201. 

hygroniclrica,  Sibth.,  202,  417. 

MedlUMrani'a,  Lindb.,  201. 

microstoma,  Bruch  &  Scbimp., 
203. 

Muhlenherffll,  ILhIw.,  201. 

Muhlenhcrffii,  Tnrn.,  201. 

Hatenelii,  Anst.,  203. 

serrata,  Brid.,  201. 


rinstoroKrimmlft,  1.17. 
(Jtoruhi,  Khrh.,  IH«J,  ^ 

MiiriitnHj/nmn,   F^lirh.,  187. 

inlliiridit,  ItalH'nli.,  187. 
(tlifli/ionir/xi  lliiiivri,  llainpu,  204. 
Ulyplioniiirinm,  llild.,  l.Vj. 

('anad*>ns«>,  .Mitt.,  ir>8. 
(h'lmmia,  Klirli.,  i:i4. 

arirnldi'in,  .Mut'll.,  148. 

anitu,  Smitli,  1>8. 

A^assi/.ii,  L*'S(|.  it  .lames,  130. 

oljM'stris,  Scbii'icb.,  140. 

and)i<{na,  Sniliv.,  i:{.'>. 

UnrixtrndrH,   .Mont.,  141. 
ainlHtrodiH,  L('.«*<|.,  141. 
anodon,  Itrnrb  it  Srhimp.,  138. 
apocarpH,  II«>d\v.,  130,  417. 
aiuH-iiriHi,  var.,  1. '{.'». 
ati'oi'iffiiH,  Sndlli,  113. 
bruch fimlitH,  Ansl.,  145. 
Jirdmhifvi,  Anst.,  138. 
Calitornica,  Sniliv.,  142. 
oalyplrata,  Hook.,  144. 
Coloradcnsis,  Anst.,  143. 
comnmtata,  Hnci)t>n.,  145. 
oonforta,  Finick,  13."). 
contoria,    Brnch   it    Schiinp., 

130. 
criliroHft,  Hi'dw.,  1.*).'). 
Donniaiui,  Smith,  142. 
Drnininondii,  Hook.  «t  Wils., 

I. -.7. 
(lenirnliitd,  .Sch\vaP!jr.,  00. 
lianndosa,  Los(|.,  130. 
Uookvri,  Drinnm.,  l.*>7. 
inr.nrca,    Brncli    &    Schimp., 

140. 
Juiitesll,  Anst.,  H.'). 
Icucoplnua,  (Jrnv.,  144,  417. 
marillma,  Tnrn,,  137. 
micnwavpa,  Mnull,,  140. 
montana,   Brnch  it    Schimp., 

145. 
Mnhlenbeckli,  Schimp.,  140. 
JVf'vii,  Jklncli.,  140. 
ohtuna,  S(!hwaegr.,  143. 
Olneyl,  Sniliv.,  142. 
orhhuUdi'is,  James,  140. 
ovata,  Wob.  &  Mohr,  143. 
pnlena,  Bnich  it  Schimp.,  148. 
Pennsylvanlca,  Schwacgr.,  144. 
plagiopoilla,  Hedw.,  138. 
platyphylla,  Alltt.,  130. 
pulvlnata,  Smith,  138. 
Jinnei,  Anst.,  15.5. 
recnrvnta,  Hedw.,  97. 
aaxicola,  Hook.,  90. 
Sconleri,  Mnell.,  137. 
subincurva,  Anst.,  135. 
torquata,  Grev.,  140. 
torttty  Nees  &  Hornsch.,  140. 


Ill  ■  i": 


8. 


INDEX. 


435 


9., 


OrlintniA  trichnpliylln,  Orov.,  141. 
uiii(*«)lor,  (iriiv.,  140. 
rxf't'd,  Mitt.,  l.V), 
^VatMonl,  lA'm|.  A  .Tninus,  14it. 
Wriiihlil,  Aiiul.,  Ibo. 

rtlllM.MIK.K,   i:;^t. 

Gueinlifliii,  14'J. 

ttliHHtrin,  llaiiip«>,  140. 

Ciilj/itfnifii,  MiU'll.,  144. 

ninntiiiin,  lliiinp*',  145. 

nntliH,  .MiK'll.,  I4.'i. 
(iyinunri/lif  iniliintriH,  Fried,  252. 

tinyiilii,  l.liiill).,  '2M. 
GyiiiMDHloiiiiiiii,  licdw.,  .V2. 

aciiiiiitiiitiiiii,  Sclilnli'li.,  108. 

uriifiilaliiiii,  Sniltli.,  54. 

liiU'Unla,  Scliwiu!j;r.,  103. 

ealt'iirciiiii,  Nul'h  &   llurn.soli., 

t'Uiitnui,  A  list.  54.  [511. 

ciirviroslriiiii,  Ileilw.,  TA. 

lUmUtnutn,  .Siiiltli,  IN). 

Jlclniil,  I1«m1\v.,  I(»2. 

Lai>i>nulr.H))i,  Ilp<lw.,  150. 

latifnliuiii,  Dnuiiiii..  1U8. 

viinutiilinii,  Scliwargr.,  101. 

ovdtinii,  IIimIw.,  101. 

])oiiiifi't'iiiii,  Noes  «fe  Ilornsch., 
.')4. 

prorrpcDH,  Ifodw.,  100. 

jij/t'ij'onin',  licdw.,  11)7. 

]{(intiiiiitii,  Aiisl.,  50. 

nipcstrc,  ScliwaPRr.,  5.3,  415. 

Htclliiin'iiiii,  Sinilli,  54. 

teniu'.  Sclirad..  54. 

tophncvmti,  Aust.,  53. 


I   llnmiiUn  IIV/r/AN/.  Siilliv..  III. 
lluiituliitlifciuiii,  Itriirlit!^  Sciiiiiip., 

I)!ti'iidi)!Ki>ri<-<>iitii,     I.«'«(i.     A. 

.Iaiiic>4.  :t|o. 
HiilHaiiillaliiiii,  Siililv., :tlO,  418. 
llookt'iia.   lay  I.,  'J:\^l. 

firitlifniiii,  Suiiiv..  '-M»;j. 
UMoiiiala,  .Miii-li.,  \iW\. 
(.'nirfaiia,  Diilty,  l'l*2. 
hii'viiM,  .Smitii."'-M»4. 
npia<'litii>id«'H,  Sddcicli.,  lUl. 
^llllivalltii,  .Mut'il,  -jua. 
vaiiaiiH,  .Siililv.,  21)2. 
HooKKUIK.K,  L'DJ. 
llyiocoiiiiiiiii,  401*. 
llj/torniiiiitiii,  Sfhiflip..  401). 

brrrifuHtnttit,  HnicliiVr  JSohliup., 

401). 
fliuliriatuin,  IJruoli  »V  Si'hiiup., 

40H. 
Fh'unnhifiil,  .\iiHt.,  410. 
Ion  Km,  llnirh  A'  .Scliimp.,  410. 
0«Av'.m//.  Schiinp..  408. 
]>arirtin)iiii,  I.indlt.,  404. 
jirni  fvniiii,  liiiiilb.,  407. 
J*!n''H(ii<'itiii,  l.iiKJli.,  408. 
ruiioHiini,  l)«'\()f.,  ;{ss. 
Srhrrhn-i,  DcNot.,  404. 
»lilin(lcni<,  Hnicli  »fe  .Schinip., 

407. 
aqiiiirroaum,  Hrurh  &  Schiinp., 

401). 
trhiiivtruDi,  Urucli  &  Srlilinp., 

410. 


p.  I 


48. 
44. 


). 


to)'Hi>ps,  IJrld.,  11)8. 

tDiihrdfuin,  liriich  &  Sciiiiiip., 

triclioih's,    WrI).  &  Mohr.,  09. 

408. 

truucdtitiii,  Ilcdw.,  101. 

Ifymcnnsfnmum  uiicroHtomum, etc.. 

turhiimtiiiii,  Mi('l«.\.,  108. 

Aust.,  .'»0. 

vlrhlitlnm,  Bruch  &  Schlmp., 

Ilf/ophila  Jtarhnlft,  IIaniiM>,  103. 

5;j. 

Hvi'XK.f:,  310. 

Wilsoni,  Hook.,  102. 

llypiunn,  Dili.,  .".10. 

Oyrowema  tenuin,  iSchlmp.,  54. 

abietiniim,  Linn.,  .']20. 

acuminatum,  Bcauv.,  ;W0. 

Ilabrodon,  Schimp.,  206. 

acuticuspis.  Mitt.,  .".40. 

Notarisii,  Srliiiup.,  207. 

acutum.  Mitt.,  3.'J7. 

Hai'pidiMUi,  J{71). 

adlnntnUleH,  I  jnn.,  88. 

lledwisla,  Eiirli.,  152. 

aditiixfinn,  Sidliv.,  :Vtl. 

ciliata,  Elirh.,  V>2,  417. 

adnatuni,  JI«»dw.,  ."75. 

pilifern,  Mitt.,  15o. 

aduncuin,  H<>d\v.,  :j80. 

Hfiterooladiiiin,  820. 

rcneuni.  Milt.,  331. 

Ueterocladiuin,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

assregatum,  Mitt.,  JViO. 

321. 

Alaslianum,    Lesq.  &  James, 

dimorphum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

405. 

321. 

all)ioans,  Neck.,  .3.37. 

Homalia,  Rrid.,  285. 

alhicnnH,  var.  :i{8. 

gracilis,  James,  286. 

albuluiti,  Muell.,  365. 

jaiuosii,  Schimp.,  285. 

Alleghaniense,  Muell.,  362. 

obtusata.  Mitt.,  285. 

Alleni,  Lesq.  &  James,  327. 

trichomanoidcs,       Bruch      & 

alopecurum,  Linn.,  420. 

Schimp.,  285. 

alpestre,  Swartz,  309. 

436 


INDEX. 


Uypnum  amcrmim,  Drunim.,  397. 
apoclailiiiu,  Mitt.,  :i5u. 
arenariuin,  Lcsq..  :i:]3. 
arcticuiii,  Soinniurf.,  400. 
arctlcinn,  var.,  40  . 
asperriinuin,  Mitt.,  .343. 
atrovirens,  Dicks.,  311). 
uttcnuatuni,  Schreb.,  305. 
atlenuutuiii,  lirid.,  414. 
badiuin,  Iliirtiii.,  400. 
Bambergerl,  Sohiiup.,  397. 
Jieryenenitr,  Aust.,  378. 
Bigelovii,  Siilliv.,  302. 
biventrosuiii,  Mucll.,  338. 
Blandcvii,  Web.  &  Molir,  326. 
Bolaiuleri.  Lcsq.,  341. 
Boscii,  Sfhwaegr..  302. 
Braiulegei,  Aust.,  301. 
breviiostre,  Elirh.,  408. 
Breworiaiuiin.  L«sq.,  1349. 
ca'spiiosuin,  Wils.,  340. 
Cilifornicuiii,  Lesq.,  346. 
callic!hrouni,  Brid.,  31)2,  420. 
Caloosiense,  Aust.,  300. 
calyptratum,  SuUiv.,  324. 
campestre,  Brucb,  344. 
Carolinianum,  Muell.,  35.5. 
catenulatuin,  Brid.,  311),  419. 
chryseon,  Schwaegr.,  310. 
chrysophylluui,  Brid.,  378. 
chrysontoinum,  Michx.,  345. 
chryHostounim,  Muell.,  345. 
circinale,  Hook.,  392. 
circinale,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  392. 
Clofitcri,  Aust.,  399. 
colliiium,  Scldeich.,  3.39. 
Coloradense,  Aust.,  412. 
colpopbyllum,  Sulliv.,  3.52. 
connnutatum,  Hedw.,  387. 
compactum,  Muell.,  375. 
coviplanatum,  Linn.,  283. 
complexum,  Lesq.   &    James, 

396. 
compressulum,  Muell.,  331. 
concinnum,  DeNot.,  313. 
Conferva,  Schwaegr.,  373. 
confervoides,  Brid.,  372. 
corifervoidci*,  Druuun.,  372. 
conffestwu,  Wils.,  320. 
cordifoliuni,  Hedw.,  402. 
cordifoUum,  Druram.,  403. 
cordi/olium,  var.,  403. 
Cossoni,  Scliimp.,  385. 
crassinervimn,  Tayl.,  419. 
crispifolium,  Hook.,  329. 
crista-castrensis,  Linn.,  389. 
cupressiforme,  Linn.,  394. 
ctirtipendulmn,  Linn..  291. 
curvifolium,  'Tedw.,  396, 
curv{folium,  MujII.,  397. 
curvirostrum,  Brid.,  398. 


Hypnuui  curvlsetiuii,  Brid.,  360. 
cuspidatuin,  Linn.,  403. 
cylindricuui,  Muell.,  350. 
declici.iH,  Mitt.,  340. 
delicatuluin,  Linn.,  325. 
deujissiuu,  Wils.,  355,  420. 
deiniKSUtn,  Sulliv.,  355. 
deininsuiiiy  var.,  355,  350. 
d^ndroideit,  Linn.,  314. 
denticulatuni,  Linn.,  307,  419. 
dtnticulatuin,  var.,  3(>4. 
deplanatuni,  iSdiiinp.,  359. 
depressuluni,  Muell.,  391. 
deprestiiim,  James,  3.5H. 
dimorpbuni,  Brid.,  321. 
diversifolium,  Scbinip.,  352. 
Donnellil,  Aust.,  3;J8. 
Donnianuin,  Sniitb,  307. 
dubium,  Dicks.,  386. 
elegans.  Hook.,  30(i. 
erectum,  Lesq.  &  Jani^s.  323. 
eugyrium,  Scbinip.,  40". 
exannu'atuni,  Guenib.,  384. 
exanniilutnm,  var.,  'j75. 
fahroniijej'olium,  Miell.,  303. 
falcatitm,  Brid.,  387, 
Fendleri,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  340. 
fertile,  Smdt.,  .31)1. 
filamentomm,  Dicks.,  iil9. 
filicinum,  Linn.,  380. 
Fitzgeraldi,  RenaulU,  .370. 
Fleniniingii,   Lesq.   «&   James, 

410. 
fluitans,  Linn.,  383. 
fliiitans,  var.,  275. 
fluviatile,  Swartz,  ,375. 
fluviatile,  James,  374. 
ful'um,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  365. 
geminum,  Lesq.  &  James,  365. 
geophiluiii,  Aust.,  358. 
giganteum,  Scbimp.,  403. 
gracile,  Brucb  «fe  Scbimp.,  324. 
gracHe,  Linn.,  290. 
Haldanianum,  G^ev.,  .397. 
Ilallpri,  var.,  378. 
hamifolium,  Scbimp.,  381. 
hamulosum,  Brucb  &  Scbimp., 

391. 
hamulosum,  Sulliv.  &   Lesq.. 

391. 
hamuloHum,  Wils.,  393. 
hians,  Kedw.,  354. 
Hillebrandi,  Lesq.,  340. 
hiriellum,  Muell.,  299. 
bispidulum,  Brid.,  .378. 
Ulecebrum,  Schwaegr.,  347. 
illecebrum,  Hedw.,  352. 
imponens,  Hedw.,  390. 
imponens,  .Tames,  386. 
irriguum.  Hook.  &  Wils.,  874. 
Jamesii,  Lesq.  &  James,  357. 


#iii 


INDEX. 


437 


«j 


Ilypmim  Jauie.^il.  Aust.,  383. 
jnldccniii,  Vill.,  ."UK). 
Jtilacriim,  var.,  300. 
KneiJI'ii,  iScliiuip.,  380. 
liBtum,  Ilrid.,  335. 
l.itebricola,  Liiulb.,  3(J.3. 
laxcpatuluiii,  Lesq.  &   James, 
3:)S. 

laxifolhim,  Schwaegr.,  320. 
lenttiin.  Mitt.,  350. 
Lescurii,  Sulliv.,  'SIC. 
leiicocladuliim,  Mnel!.,  330. 
ItMicomuiruiH,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

32S. 
loreiun,  Linn.,  410. 
luridtiin,  H»h1w.,  300. 
hitesceiis.  Iledw.,  331. 
lycopoilioiilt's,  UeXot.,  38."). 
Mariibdidirnni,  Muell.,  350. 
incgaptiluui,  Sulliv.,  .334. 
niit-aiis,  Swartz,  3(].j. 
micdus,  Wiis.,  35(5. 
niicrooaipmn,  Muell.,  .357. 
Dikroplii/lluni,  Miihl.,  324. 
Mihleanniii,  Schimp.,  337. 
ininutissimum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

371. 
minutuhnn,  Heilw.,  322. 
molle,  Dicks.,  300. 
molle,  Drill.,  400. 
molluscuni,  Hedvv.,  389. 
montanuin,  Wils.,  401. 
Muelleriantun,  Hoolc.  fll.,  367. 
Muhlenbeciiii,  Spruce,  370. 
niyosuroiiies,  Linn.,  347. 
myoHurohhs,  var.,  348. 
Neckera,  Scliwaegr.,  362. 
neclceroitles,  Hook,  362. 
nerkcroides,   Hook.   &   Wils., 

362. 
neniorosum,  Koch,  .398. 
Nevadense,  Lesq,,  332. 
nigrescens,  Swartz,  287. 
nitens,  Schreb.,  333. 
nitidiilnm,  Wahl.,  .364. 
noterophllum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

374. 
Novte-AnglisB,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

344. 
Xovje-Cesareae,  Aust.,  3.56. 
Nuttallii,  Wils.,  332. 
Oakesil,  Sulliv.,  408. 
obtusifolium,  Druinm.,  400. 
ocliraceuni,  Turn.,  401. 
oedipodium.  Mitt.,  342. 
Oreganum,  Sulliv.,  3.55. 
orthocladon,  Beauv.,  374. 
oxycladon,  Brid.,  414. 
pollens,  Lindb.,  324. 
pallencens,  Beauv.,  300,  391. 
paludosum,  Sulliv.,  330. 


Hypnuin  palustre,  Hedw.,  308. 
Passaicense,   Lesij.  &  James, 

363. 
Ptckii,  Aust.,  3vS3. 
pilit'oruin,  Schrob.,  3.53. 
pinnatiliduni,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

planum,  Brid.,  411. 
plicatile,  Jjesij.  tVr  James,  304. 
plumusuni,  Snartz,  ;)45. 
pliimoHtiiii,  llt'dw.,  3.')6. 
pnbjnnthos,  Scluvb.,  308. 
jwh/aiithttiu,  var..  308. 
poli/C((ri)i)ii,  Bland.,  380. 
polygamiim.  Wils.,  370. 
poli/inoriihiiiii.    Brucli    & 

Schimp..  37S. 
populctnn,  Hedw.,  345. 
pra'Iongiun,  Linn.,  35,3. 
prd'lonijiitii,  Sidliv.,  3.54. 
pru'lonijiun,  Muell.,  3.54. 
priiloiKjHin,  var.,  3.55. 
pralfusc,  Koch,  307. 
procnrrens,  Lesq.  &  James,321. 
2)rol!j'eniin,  Linn.,  407. 
prolifet'uin,  Dnunni.,  325. 
proUj'ei'uiii,  var..  4()S. 
prutiiherans,  Brid.,  301. 
pseudoidiUHOHniit,  Brid.,  .345. 
pstndDHerlcvnm,  Muell.,  310. 
pseudo-Silt'siacum,     Lesq.     & 

James,  370. 
pulchclliun,  Dicks.,  364. 
]n(lcfiiUuin.  Hedw.,  351. 
l)ygnueiun,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. ,322. 
radicale,  Beauv..  .373. 
radicosum.  Mitt.,  320. 
ramulosnm.  Hampe,  328. 
recognitum,  Ilcdw.,  .32.5. 
rocurvans,  Scliwaegr.,  356. 
reflexnm,  Starke,  342. 
remotifolium,  Grev.,  327. 
reptile,  Miciix.,  300. 
revolvens,  Swartz,  384. 
Kichardsoni,  Lesq.  «fc  James, 

404. 
riparlnideK,  Hedw.,  .300. 
riparium,  Linn.,  .376. 
rivulare,  Brucli,  .344. 
robustum.  Hook.,  388. 
Boyje,  Aust.,  361. 
riife.Hce)}ii,  Dicks.,  315. 
rilffsccns,  Drumm.,  316. 
liuf/elU,  Muell.,  306. 
rugosum,  Linn.,  3S8. 
Tujulosum,  Web.  &  Mohr,  388. 
rusciforme,  Weis,  .3.59. 
rutabulum,  Linn.,  342. 
mtahtiluin,  var.,  344. 
Ruthenicum,  Weinm.,  315. 
salebrosum,  Hoffm.,  336,  419. 


438 


INDEX. 


ir 


'^li 


1  i 


Ilyimiim  aalehronum.  Sulllv.,  335. 
sarinenlo.suiii,  Wahl..  403. 
Schiuberi,  Willd.,  404. 
scituluiu,  Auat.,  3()3. 
scituiii,  lieaiiv.,  323. 
scluroldeH,  Linn.,  288. 
scorpoides,  Linn.,  400. 
Sendtneri,  iSchinip.,  SSL 
Sequoieti,  Mueil.,  302. 
serptais,  Linn..  373,  419. 
aerpniH,  var.,  373,  374,  370. 
serrulatuni,  lledw.,  350. 
Silcsiacuiu,   Jlouk.    &    Wils., 

370. 
spiculiferum.  Mitt.,  348. 
spicndens,  lledw.,  407. 
Sprucei,  Brucli,  372. 
squari'osuni,  Linn.,  400,  420. 
Starkii,  Bild.,  341. 
stellatuni,  Scbreb.,  379. 
stellatunt,  Drunnn.,  379. 
stellatuni,  var.,  378. 
Stokesii,  Turn.,  354. 
stoionifet'uni,  Hook.,  348. 
straniineiun,  Dicks.,  405. 
atraiidiieum,  var.,  405. 
striatelhuiK  Brid.,  370. 
strigosum,  Hoffni.,  35L 
8tri(/osiim,  var.,  352. 
subfalcatuui,  Lesq.  &  James, 

371. 
subimponens,  Lesq.,  393. 
auhrectiJ'oUum,  Suliiv.,  398. 
suhtemie,  James,  342. 
subtile,  Hoffm.,  372. 
Sullivantiaj,  Scliimp.,  308. 
Sullivantii,  Spruce,  353. 
sylvaticum,  Huds.,  308. 
tanmriscinum,  Hedw.,  325, 420. 
tamarischium,  Suliiv.  &  Lesq., 

326. 
taxi/oUum,  Linn.,  88. 
tenax,  Drumm.,  3*20. 
teneruin.  Hook.  &  Wils.,  365. 
Thedenii,  Hartm.,  338. 
tricliomanoides,  Schreb.,  285. 
trichophoruni,  Spruce,  364. 
ififaiium,  Web.  &  Mohr,  405. 
triquetrum,  Linn.,  409. 
turfaceum.  Fries,  306. 
turgescens,  Sob  imp.,  406. 
umbratum,  Elirh.,  407. 
uncinatum,  Hedw.,  382. 
imdulatum,  Linn.,  369. 
Utahense,  Lesq.  &  James,  339. 
vacillans,  Lesq.  &  James,  377. 
varium,  lieanv.,  373. 
variwn,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  324, 

374. 
Vaiicljeri,  Schimp.,  414. 
velutinum,  Linn.,  339. 


Hypnxim  veluthutm,  var.,  34L 
vernicosum,  Litidb.,  385. 
Vir(/ini(tnuiii,  IJrld.,  324. 
viride.  Lam.,  345. 
viticitlosuni,  Linn..  .306. 
Watsoni,  Les(|.  &  James,  386. 
Whippleanum,  Suliiv.,  328. 354. 
Wrightii,  Suliiv.,  411,419. 

Isopteri/f/iuin  elcf/ftus,  Lindb.,  306. 

nitidtim,  Lin<ll)..  3('4. 

tur/aceuiii,  Lindb.,  306. 
Isothecium,  347. 
laotheciuin,  lirid..  .347. 

apiculatuiu,  Hueben.,  300. 

laxifolium,  Bi"id.,  329. 

myosuroldeit,  Britl.,  348. 

atolonij'eruiii,  Brid.,  348. 

Jungermannia  rupestris,  Linn.,  26. 

Lasia  trichomitrium,  Beauv.,  278. 
Leersia,  Hedw.,  180. 
Leptobryum,  Scbimp.,  215. 

pyriforme,  Scbimp.,  215. 
Leptodon,  Mohr,  278, 

cit'chmtus,  Suliiv.  280. 

Floridanus,  Lindb.,  414. 

imnicrsum,    Suliiv.    &    Lesq., 
278. 

nltidus,  Lindb.,  279. 

Ohioensis,  Suliiv.,  278,  418. 

trichomitrion,  Mohr,  278. 
Leptohymenlwti,    crif^cution, 
Hampe,  289. 

dupUcato-serratum,     Hainpe, 
290. 
Leptotbeca,  Schwaegr.,  251. 

Wrightii,  Suliiv.,  251. 
Leptotrichum,  Hampe,  105. 

flexicaule,  Hampe,  107. 

glaucescens,  Hampe,  108. 

homomallum,  Hampe,  107. 

pallidum,  Hampe,  107. 

pusillum,  Hampe,  100. 

Schimperi,  Lesq.,  108. 

tortile,  Muell.,  105,  416. 

vagi  nans,  Lesq.  &  James,  106. 
Leskea,  Hedw.,  301. 

acuminata,  Hedw.,  336. 

adnata,  Michx.,  357. 

asperella,  Schimp.,  299. 

attenuata,  Hedw.,  305. 

Austini,  Suliiv.,  .303. 

Beyrlchli,  Hampe,  336. 

Californica,  Hampe,  332. 

catenulata,  Lindb.,  320. 

complanata,  Hedw.,  283. 

conipressa,  Hedw.,  .312. 

cymbifoUa,  Brid.,  411. 

dendroidea,  Hedw.,  314. 


6. 


* 

INDEX.                                         439 

Leskea  denticulata,  Sulliv.,  302. 

Macromltrium    mucroni  folium. 

FendUrl,  Sulllv.,  341. 

Hook.  &  Grev.,  179. 

fnujUis,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  303. 

rhabdocarpuiu,  Mitt.,  179, 

Idti'brtrola,  Wils.,  3««i. 

Sullivantii,  Mufll.,  178,  410. 

lajtifotia,  Hook..  3:i0. 

Meesia,  Ih'dw.,  212. 

wicrocitrjKi,  Scliiinp.,  302. 

Albertiuii,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

nervosa,  Myrin,  302. 

213. 

nen'OHii,  .Sulliv.,  302. 

alphiu,  Funck,  212. 

obscura,  Iledw.,  301,  419. 

didlhata,  Hedw.,  211. 

jxdlescenii,  Hedw.,  300. 

deniiiisa,  lloppe  *fc  llornsch., 

paliuloHa,  Iledw.,  301. 

241. 

p((n-uUi,  Hainpe,  207. 

longiseta,  Hedw.,  212,  415. 

pilifcra,  Swartz,  304. 

Mncounli,  Aust.,  212. 

pobfnntha,  Hedw.,  308. 

minor,  Brid.,  212. 

polycarpa,  Elirh.,  301. 

tristicha,    Bruch  &    Schimp., 

pulchelln,  Hedw.,  3<»4. 

213. 

ptilvlnata,  Wahl.,  303. 

uliginosa.  Hedw.,  212. 

rccurcana,  Mich.,  350. 

Mkesik.e,  210. 

ri'iescens,  Wils.,  320. 

Meteoriuni,  Brid.,  2S0. 

roHtrata,  Hedw,,  305. 

nigrescens,  Mitt.,  287. 

rv^feacenx,  Schwaegr.,  315. 

pendulum,  Sulliv.,  2H0.                                       i 

ruinncola,  Hedw.,  330. 

Microbryuni,  Schimp.,  45. 

se<o,s«,Hedw.,  336. 

Fla-rkeanum.  Schimp.,  45.                                  ; 

Hquarrom,  Michx.,  .356. 

Microniitriuni,  Aust..  37.                                          * 

siihtilis,  Hedw.,  372. 

Austini.  Aust.,  37. 

toiuiroKtris,  Scliiinp.,  357. 

megalosporuni,  Aust.,  37. 

trichomanoideH,  Hedw.,  285. 

synoicum,  Aust.,  37. 

tristis,  Cesat.,  303. 

Mielichhoferia,  Hornsch.,  214. 

Wollei,  Aust.,  304. 

nitida.  Nees  A:  llornsch.,  214. 

LESKK.E,  2P8. 

Mnium,  Liun,,  241, 

Leucouuye^,  90. 

acimt/ioneuron,    Schwaegr., 

Leucobryum,  Hampe,  90. 

240. 
affine,  Bland.,  244. 

(jlaucxim,  Schiiiip.,  90. 

minus,  Sulliv.,  91. 

alhicans,  Wahl.,  1;23. 

sediforme,  Muell.,  91. 

androfjymwi,  Linn.,  252. 

vulgare,  Hampe,  90,  416. 

Blyttii,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  247. 

I'uli/ure,  var.,  91. 

cinclidioides,  Hueben.,  248, 

Leiicodon,  Schwaegr.,  287. 

cuspidatum,  Hedw,,  242,  417. 

brachypus,  Brid.,  288. 

Cuspiddtum,  Neck.,  244. 

julaceus.  Sulliv.,  288,  41 S. 

cyclopl  Jlum,  Schwaegr,,  287. 
Drumniondii,  Bruch  <& 

scinroides,  Schwaegr.,  288. 

Lel'codoxte.e,  287. 

Schimp,,  243. 

Leiicolepis  arnnthoneura,  Lindb., 

fontunwit,  Linn,,  209.                                       , 

249. 

liornum,  Linn.,  245. 

Llmnobium,  .308. 

hyr/rometricum,  Linn,,  202. 

Limnobium,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  ,398. 

hymenophylloides,  Hueben., 

alpentre,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 400. 

249. 

arcticAim,  Bruch  &   Schimp.. 

insigne.  Mitt.,  244. 

400. 

lycopodioides,  Schwaegr.,  246. 

furf]/rium,  Schimp,,  401. 

marffinatum,  Beauv.,  24.'). 

molle,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  399. 

medium,    Bruch    &    Schimp., 

ochraceum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

243. 

402. 

Menziesii,  Muell.,  249. 

palustre,    Bruch  &   Schimp., 

Nevii,  Muell.,  242. 

399. 

orthorrhynchum,      Bruch     &                       » 

Schimp.,  246. 

Macromltrium,  Brid.,  178. 

ostmtndaceHm,  Dicks.,  188.                               ; 

clai-ellatuni,  Schwaegr.,  160. 

pnlitHtre,  Linn.,  252, 

Dregei,  Sulliv.,  178. 

pelluridum,  liinn,,  187, 

Fitzfieraldi,  Lesq.  &  James, 

psfi'dntuiirt'itniii,     Bruch     & 

178. 

Sohimp,,  249. 

440 


INDEX. 


I 


tu 


Mnium  pniutatum,  Hedw.,  248. 

purpuveuin,  Linn.,  U2. 

pyr{f'orme,  Linn.,  iil5. 

rostratuin,  Schwaegr.,  243. 

serratnin,  Laicli.,  245. 

Hili'aticuiii,  Lindb.,  242. 

spinifurme,  MiU'll.,  251. 

spinosiun,  Schwaegr.,  246. 

spiniilosuu),  Bruch  &  Schiuip., 
247. 

stellaie,  Reiohard,  247. 

ett/qium,    Bruch   *fc    fcscbimp., 
250. 

subglobosnm,    Bruch    & 
Schinip.,  24S. 

trlquetrnin,  Linn.,  21.3. 

trifjuetrnin,  Iledw.,  238. 

turffiilitm,  Wabl.,  2.53. 

uni  brat  lie,  Milt.,  240. 

venustuin.  Mitt.,  242. 
Mi/rinia  imli'inata,  Sdiimp.,  .304. 
Myurella,  Bruch  &  Scbiinp.,  300. 

apicniata,   Bruch  &   Schiuip., 
300. 

Careyana,  Snlliv.,  .300,  419. 

julacea,  Bruchtfe  Schimp., 30O. 

Nanomitriuin  tenerum,  Lindb.,  37. 
Neckera,  Hedw.,  281. 
ahietina,  Hook.,  280. 
brachypu.i,  Muell.,  288. 
brevifiela,  Hook.  &  WHs.,  311. 
Californica,    Hook.   &    Arn., 

280. 
cripillacea,  Muell.,  273. 
clcidorrhizdnSy  Hedw.,  311. 
cladorrhizans,  Hook.  &  Wils., 

312. 
curtipeiuhtla,  Muell.,  291. 
cymbi folia,  Muell.,  284. 
dendroides,  Muell.,  314. 
dendroides,  var.,  314. 
disticha,  Hedw.,  281. 
Jiltfonnis,  Muell.,  289. 
Floridana,  Aust.,  284. 
ffracilis,  Muell.,  290. 
Ludovieite,  Mtiell.,  284. 
Macoioiii,  SuUiv.,  279. 
Menziesii,  Druinni.,  282. 
nifp'encens,  Schwaegr.,  287. 
obtusata,  Mitt.,  285. 
Ohioensis,  Muell.,  279. 
oligocarpa,  Bruch  <fe  Schimp., 

283. 
pennata,  Hedw.,  282,  419. 
pennata,  var.,  283. 
pseiidalopecura,  Muell.,  288. 
pulvinata,  Muell.,  304. 
pumila,  Hedw.,  284. 
aciuroides,  Muell.,  288. 
aeductnx,  Hedw.,  311. 


Neckera  HplachnoideM,  Schwaegy 
21M). 

aiihulatn,  Muell.,  274. 

iSullicanth  Muell.,  31,3. 

undulata,  Hedw.,  281. 
Neckehe.e,  275. 
Notarisia,  150. 

Octoblepharum,  Hedw.,  01. 

albidum,  Hedw.,  91. 
Octodkeran  Jul'ianum,  Brid.,  89. 
Oligotrichiun,  DC,  258. 

aligeruni.  Mitt.,  2.j8. 

iflabratuin,  Lindb.,  200. 

Iwchjatum,  Bruch  &  Schlnip 
2(50. 

Lyallii,  Lindb.,  259. 
Omalia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  285. 

Wrifjfitii,  Sulliv.,411. 
Oncophorus    (flaucua,    Bruch     A 
Schimp.,  90. 

gracilescens,  Lindb.,  00. 

Schisti,  Lindb.,  00. 

Walilenberr/ii,  Brid.,  61. 
Oreoweisia,  Scliimp.,  58. 

serrulata,  Schimp.,  58. 
Orthopt/xis     androyj/na,    Beauv., 
252. 

heterosticfia,  Beauv.,  254. 
Ohtiiotiiecie^,  307. 
Orthotheciuni,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
315. 

chryseum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
310. 

rubellum,  Lesq.  &  James.  315. 

rufescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
315. 
Orthotriciie^,  154. 
Orthotrichum,  Hedw.,  104. 

afflne,  Schrad.,  108. 

alpestre,  Hornsch.,  108. 

Americanum,  Beauv.,  164. 

anomalum,  Hedw.,  1<)4. 

Bolanderi,  Sulliv.,  167. 

brachytricbum,  Schimp.,  172. 
.  Bruch H,  Wils.,  102. 

Canadense,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
171. 

Canadense,    Sulliv.  &    Lesq., 
171. 

canuni.  Mitt.,  170. 

citrinum,  Aust.,  171. 

coarctatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
162. 

Columbtcum,  Mitt.,  175. 

consimile,  Mitt.,  173. 

Coulteri,  Mitt.,  173. 

crispulum,  Bruch,  103. 

crispum,  Hedw.,  102. 

cupulatum,  Hoflfm.,  105. 

curvi/olium,  Wahl.,  162. 


INDEX. 


441 


Orthotrlchnm    cyllndrocarpum, 

Lesq.,  173. 
dlaphaiiuin,  Sclirad.,  170. 
dilutdtutn,  Bruch  &  Schlmp., 

102. 
Doiiijlasii,  Diiby,  107. 
Drutninondn,  (Irev.,  101. 
€lei/(tnn,  Schwaegr.,  100. 
exiguuin,  Sulliv.,  174. 
fallax,  Schiinp.,  171. 
f(ntcicuh(i'\  LaPyl.,103. 
natncmi',  Aust.,  109. 
Hallii,  SuUiv.  &  Lesq.,  170. 
llHtdtitma',  iSmltli,  104. 
Jamesiamun,  SuUiv.,  177. 
Japonlcuiu,   Sulliv.   &    Lesq., 

104. 
Kingiamini,  Lesq.,  170. 
Uevigatuin,  Zett.,  105. 
leiocarpuin,  liruch  &  Scliimp., 

174. 
Lesciirii,  Aiist,,  105. 
Lwhri<iii,  Brid.,  101. 
Lyellii;  Hook.  &  Tayl.,  177. 
obtiisifoliuin,  Sclirad.,  177. 
obtmifoUiim,  Di-uuiin.,  172. 
occidentale,  .lames,  109. 
Ohioense,  Sulliv.  *&  Lesq.,  170. 
pallens,  IJruch,  175. 
2mpillnsuiu.  Hainpe,  178. 
parvnlum,  Mitt.,  100. 
Peckii,  Aust.,  10.5. 
phyUant/niin,  Steud.,  103. 
Porteri,  Aust.,  105. 
psllocarpuTH,  James,  173. 
pulchellum,  lirunton,  175. 
2nuniluii},  Srhwaegr.,  171. 
pimllwu,  Mitt.,  174. 
Raufi,  Aust.,  109. 
rivulare.  Turn.,  176. 
Bogeri,  Brid.,  175. 
Iio(/eri,  Sulliv.,  175. 
Bor/eri.  Siilliv.  &  Lesq.,  177. 
rupestre,  Schleich.,  167. 
snxntile,  Brid.,  165. 
sordidum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  170. 
speciosiim,  Nees,  169. 
strangulatuni,  Beaiiv.,  172. 
striatum,  Hedw.,  175. 
Sturmii,  Hoppe  &  Homsch., 

100. 
Sturwii,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  166. 
\        tenellum,  Bruch,  172. 
Texanum,  Sulliv.,  166. 
Watsoni,  James,  168. 

Paludella,  Ehrh.,  213. 

squarrosa,  Brid.,  214. 
Pharomitrlum,  Schimp.,  100. 

exiyuwriy  Aiist.,  100. 

subsessile,  Schimp.,  100. 


PiiAacK.E.  .30. 
riiascum,  Linn.,  41. 

uUerniJ'olhnn,  Sulliv.,  44. 

lieyrifhlunnm,  Schwaegr.,  47. 

bryoides,  Dicks.,  42. 

Carniolicum,   Web.  &    Mohr, 
42. 

cofneren.9,  TIedw.,  39. 

cranslncrrinni,  Schwaegr.,  38. 

cran.tineri'iitm,  var.,  38. 

crini)Hin,  Iledw..  52. 

criyniiii,  var.,  .52. 

cuspi<latum,  Sclireb.,  42,  415. 

flfxiiosuni,  Scliwaegr.,  40. 

Fln'rkeanuin,   ^Veb.  &    Mohr, 
45. 

ffywnoHtomoideH,  Brid.,  43. 

Luiloriridiinm,  Sulliv.,  52. 

niuHcuiii,  Scbreb.,  40. 

nervosum,  Hook.,  44. 

ncrrositiii,  Druium.,  44. 

nitiilulKiii,  Iiliiell.,  .52. 

jxilnstre.  Sulliv.,  45. 

patt'Ufi,  Iledw.,  40. 

pUifevum,  Schreb.,  42. 

tic/iiiiipcridiiuiu,  Sulliv.,  41. 

aevnifniu,  Schrel).,  38. 

serratniii,  var.,  39. 

8te)ioiili!flli(iu,  Voit,  39. 

siibulatum,  Schreb.,  43. 

SuHivdntll,  Sulliv.,  52. 

triquetnwi,  Spruce,  41. 
Philonotis,  Brid.,  208, 

calcarea,  Schimp.,  209. 

foutana,  Brid.,  209. 

Macounii,  Lesq.  &  James,  208. 

Mohriatia,  Ijosq.  *fe  James,  210. 

Muhleubergii,  Brid.,  208. 
Pfiyllouoninin  Norteyicum,  Sulliv., 

95. 
riiyscomitrella,  Schimp,,  39. 

patens,  Schimp.,  39. 

PlIYSCO.MITKIE.E,  19.5. 

Physcomitrium,  Brid.,  196. 

acuminatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
198. 

Jdans,  Lindb,,  198. 

Hookeri,  Hampe,  198, 

immersum,  Sulliv.,  196,  418. 

latifolhtm,  Lindb.,  198. 

pygmreum,  James,  197. 

pyriforrae,  Brid.,  197. 

aerratum,  Muell.,  196. 

tetragonum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
196. 

turbinatum,  Muell.,  198. 
Pilotrichum  abictimtm,  Brid.,  2801 

antipyreticwn,  Muell.,  269. 

cilia  turn,  Muell.,  152. 

cymbifoUum,  Sulliv.,  285. 

diatichum,  Beauv.,  2S1. 


442 


INDEX. 


! 


it 


it 


it,   :■ 

■\ 

\ 


t .'  r' 


Pilotrlchum  (lintirhum,  Muell.,  270. 
sp/nKjiiifolluin,  Muell.,  270. 
undHlututit,  Hi>auv.,  2^2. 
Plagiothccium,  ;5«I2. 
PlayiothvciHin,  ISchinip.,  .302. 
Ut'iiticulutuin,    Uruch    & 

Scliiinp.,  :W1. 
denticuliUum,  van,  .303,  304. 
eh'ifdHH,  Soliiiiip.,  300. 
li(tt'hi'icola,  liruch  *&  Schiinp., 

3(}3. 
Muvllerianum,  Scliiinp.,  308. 
Mnhlenbeckii,    liruch    & 

Schlinp.,  370. 
nitidnlum,  Bruch  &  Schiinp., 

304. 
nitidiim,  Lindb.,  .304. 
nitidum,  var.,  304. 
orthocladiiim,    Bruch    & 

Schlinp.,  309. 
PasHUicense,  Aust.,  303. 
piliferuin,  Bruch  &  Schlinp., 

304. 
paeudo-Silesianum,     Schlinp., 

370. 
pulchellum,  Bruch  &  Schlinp., 

304. 
Roeseanum,  Bruch  &  Schlinp., 

308. 
atriatellum,  Lindb.,  .370. 
suhfalcntum,  Aust.,  371. 
SulUvantUe,  Schlinp.,  308. 
sylcaticum,  Bruch  &  Schlmp., 

309. 
turfdceum,  Lindb.,  300. 
undnlatum,  Bruch  &  Schlmp., 

309. 
latysjyrhmi,    Bruch   &    Schlmp., 
^307. 
repeiis,  Bruch  &  Schlmp.,  307, 

419. 
Pleurldlnm,  Br  Id.,  43. 

alternifolluni,  Brld.,  44. 
Bolanderi,  Muell.,  44. 
nervoftum,  Sulliv.,  44. 
palustre,  Bruch  &  Schlmp.,  45. 
Ravenelll,  Aust...  43. 
stramineum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 

43. 
subulatum,  Bruch  <&  Schlinp., 

43. 
SuUlvantli,  Aust.,  44. 
Pr.EURocAKPi,  275. 
PleurochcBte    squarroaa,    Lindb., 

130. 
Pleurozium,  407. 
Pogonatum,  Beaiiv.,  260. 
alplnum,  Roehl.,  263. 
arcticiim,  Roehl.,  263. 
atrovirens.  Mitt.,  262. 
bracbyphyllum,  Beauv.,  261. 


Pogonatum  brevlcaule,  Beauv.,  260. 

caplllare,  Brld.,  201. 

conturtuni,  Le^q.,  202. 

dentatiiiu,  Brld.,  201. 

deiitatnin,  Lesq.,  2((2. 

latcrale,  Brld.,  202. 

sciilentrlonulc,  Hoeh).,  20.3. 

urnlgeruin,  B'.auv.,  202,  417. 

tiruiiitruin,  Druinm.,  201. 
Pohli.i,  210. 

Pohlia  nciiiiiinata,  Iloppe  «& 
llurnsch.,  210. 

arcticc,  R.  ihown,  224. 

orcticd,  var.,  224. 

hryo'idvH,  11.  Brown,  225. 

elonuatn,  lledw.,  217. 

iticlinata,  Swariz,  220. 

pohjmorphu,    Iloppe    & 
llornscli.,  2l(t. 

pnrpnraHretiH,  K.  Brown,  224. 
Polytrirhadelpltus   Lyullii,   Mitt., 

2,j9. 
polythiche.e,  255. 
Polytiichuin,  Linn.,  20.3. 

idpcfitre,  IIoi»pe,  205. 

alphuun,  Linn.,  203. 

amjustatiim,  Biid.,  256. 

atteniudum,  Menz.,  204. 

brachyphyllum,  jMiclix.,  261. 

brevifoUum,  It.  Brown,  263. 

capillare,  Mlclix.,  201. 

capillare,  var.,  202. 

commune,  Linn.,  200,  417. 

contortnm,  Menz.,  202. 

dentatitmf  Menz.,  202. 

formosum,  lledw.,  204. 

gracile.  Menz..  204. 

junlperlnum,  Wllld.,  205. 

jimiperinum,  var.,  205. 

Pennsylvaniann,  Hedw.,  260. 

perigoniale,  Mlchx.,  200. 

plliferum,  Scbreb.,  204. 

strlctum.  Banks,  205. 

sylvaticum,  Menz.,  203. 

tenue,  Menz.,  201. 

undulation,  Hedw.,  2.56. 

urnlfferum,  Linn.,  203. 
Pottla,  Ehrh.,  100. 

Barbula,  Muell.,  102. 

bryoides,  Lln«lb.,  43. 

c.avlfolia,  Ehrh.,  101. 

curvlrostris,  Ehrh.,  54. 

eustoma,  Ehrh.,  101. 

Helinii,  Fuern.,  102. 

latifoUa,  Muell.,  103. 

mlnutula,  Fuern.,  101. 

pilifera,  Lindb.,  104. 

pHifera,  var.,  103. 

piisilla,  Lindb.,  101. 

rlparia,  Aust.,  102. 

rubiyinoaa,  Watson,  120. 


INDEX. 


443 


Pottia  Starkeana,  Muell.,  10.'l. 
Stnrkei,  var.,  10 1. 
HuhHeHsilis,  Jiriicli  &  Schinip., 

100. 
tnmcata,  Fiicrn.,  101,  416. 
truiicuta,  var.,  lOU. 
Wllsoni,  IJrueli  &  Schimp.,  101. 

POTTIK.E,  100. 

IVmlobraiiiiia,  \^>'i, 
l's<Miil()l(!.sk(!a,  ^10. 
I'aemlnloikca,   lirucli  &  Schimp., 
311). 
atrovirens,  Brucli  «&  Schimp., 

311). 
catcHitlata,  Uruch  &  Schimp., 

320. 
coni/csta,  Uruch   &   Schimp., 

320. 
rir/cscens,  Tiindb.,  320. 
Psilopilum,  Urid.,  2'ji). 

arctictim,  Ih'id.,  2U0. 
Pterigyuantlriim,  Iledw.,  288. 
apicitlatitm,  Hrid.,  354. 
CaroUniitnttm,  Brid.,  311. 
flli  forme,  Medw.,  2SU. 
uraclle,  Ih^lw.,  21)0. 
hirtelluiii,  lledw.,  2i)9. 
intricatitm,  Iledw.,  309. 
jtil((c(Hiii,  lledw.,  288. 
repetiH,  Urid.,  307. 
8ithc<ti>Hl<Uit)n,  lledw.,  310. 
trlclioniUrion,  lledw.,  278. 
Pterogonium,  Swurtz,  289. 
bracliyptenim,  Mitt.,  290. 
gracile,  Swartz,  290,  420. 
nercoftum,  Scliwaegr.,  302. 
perpuslUiiin,  DeNot.,  297. 
procurreiia,  Mitt.,  \i2l. 
repcns,  Sclnvaegr.,  307. 
Pterygophyllum,  Urid.,  293. 
anoiiKduni,  Mitt.,  293. 
lucens,  Urid.,  293,  419. 
Ptilliiiii  crifita-castrensis,  DeNot., 

389. 
Ptychomitrium,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

im. 

Dnimmondii,  Sulliv.,  157. 

Gardneri,  Lesq.,  1.56. 

incurvum,  Sulliv.,  157,  416. 

pusiUum,Bn\ch  &  Schimp., 157. 

pygmaeum,  Lesq.  &  James,  157. 
Ptychostomum  pendulum, 

Hornsch.,  225. 
Pylaiea,  Lindb.,  308. 
Pijlcdscea  radicans,  Desv.,  367. 
Pylaisia,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  308. 

denticulata,  Sulliv.,  30)9. 

heteromalla,  Bruch  «&  Schimp., 
308. 

intrlcata,  Bruch   &   Schimp., 
309,  418. 


Pylama  Jnmenii,  Sulliv.,  .^09. 

polyantha,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
308. 

siibdeutloulata,  Schimp.,  308. 
Pyramidula,  Brid.,  MNt. 

tetragouu,  Brid.,  196'. 

liachopUnm  anomalum,  Schwaefff., 

293. 
Bacomitrium,  Brid.,  147. 

aciculare,  Brid.,  148,  417. 

canescens,  Ihid.,  151. 

tlepreSMum,  I.eMj.,  148. 

cricoidi'H,  Brid..  151, 

faseicularc,  Urid..  150. 

heterostieiiuiii,  Urid.,  149. 

lanuginosum,  Urid.,  151. 

microi'iivpitn,  lledw.,  140. 

mieroearpiun,  Urid.,  150. 

Nevii,  WiU.son,  148. 

patens,  liueben.,  147. 

Sudeticum,  Urucli  tfe  Schimp., 
149. 

variuin,  Le8<|.  &  .James,  150. 
Raphidostegium,  3.').5. 
Jiduid  scitii,  Aust.,  322. 
lihabdoweisia,  Brucii   &   Schimp., 

denticulata,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

59. 
fugax,  Brucli  &  Schimp.,  59, 

415. 
Schist i,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  60. 
Rhizogonium,  Urid.,  250. 

cuumt/ionmron,  Muell.,  249. 
spinifornie,  Uruch,  251. 
Rhodobryuui.  239. 
Kliynchostegium,  .358. 
lihynchoHtviilniii,  Schimp.,  3.58. 
dclicafiditin,  James,  3.58. 
dciiiisHiiiii,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

355. 
eler/aiis,  Lindl).,  306. 
(leophilnm,  Aust.,  3.58. 
JditicHii,  Sulliv.,  3.58. 
Nov(e-(k'S(irciv,  Aust.,  .356. 
pnt'lon;/uiii,  DeNot.,  35,3. 
ruRciforme,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

300. 
Tecudaln,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
300. 
Rhytidium,  388. 

Scelania  ccBsin,  Lindb.,  108. 
Schistidium,  134. 

Af/fissizil,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  136. 
ainbiyiium,  Sulliv.,  1,3.5. 
apnrarpum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

136. 
confertum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 
13o. 


444 


INDEX. 


W 


h 


"1' 


I'     ^» 


t 


w 


)  t 


SchiHtldium  vinriHinuni,  Druch  <& 
hcliliiip.,  i:i7. 

scrratniii,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  100. 

tinhii('«nilc,  IJii<I.,  KX). 
Sclii8toHl«;>;a,  Mohr,  liSH. 

usiimiuliicua,   VVub.    <fc    Mohr, 

IHH. 
SCIIIHTOHTKOK^,  188. 

St'hluthi!iinlii,  lirid.,  171). 

ruinl'olia.  Hook.  &  Wlls.,  180. 

Sullivnntii,  Muull.,  180,  410. 
Scloropodiuin,  JMO. 
ticlcroiiudiuiu,  8ch!inp.,  340. 

ca'spituHtini,  lirucli  &  iSchiiup., 
340. 

ilh'cchrum,  Uruch  «&  Schiuip., 
347. 
Scorpidluiii,  400. 
Scouleria,  137. 

(UfUdticd,  Ilook.,  l.*]?. 
Seliguriu,  iJriicli  i&  8cliiiiip.,  00. 

calcarea,  liiucli  &  fSchiuip.,  07. 

Uonianti,  Muull.,  00. 

pusilla,  Bnu'li  &  Scliimp.,  06. 

recutvata,  Bruch  &,  Schimp., 
07. 

setacea,  Llndb.,  07. 

triJnrUty  Lindb..  07. 

tristicha,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  07, 
415. 

SRMOEHIFwE,  O.'). 

Skitop/ii/llitm,  La  Pyl.,  81. 
Sphterangiuiii,  Schiinp.,  40. 

muticuin,  IScliiinp.,  40. 

rufescens,  Lesq.  &  James,  40. 

Schiinporianuni,  Lesq.  & 
James,  41. 

triquetruni,  Soliimp.,  41. 
Sphcerocpp/i (litis.  Neck.,  252. 
Sphaonack^e.  11. 
Sphagnum.  Dill.,  12. 

acutifolium,  Ehrli.,  13. 

Kent  if oli  urn,  var.,  1.3. 

auriciilnfiim:  Lesq.,  20. 

Austini,  Sulliv.,  21. 

capHli/oliuni,  Iledw.,  13. 

compactiim,  Brid.,  18. 

compactum,  var.,  17. 

contortum,  Schultz,  19. 

contortiim,  var.,  20. 

cribrosum,  Lindb.,  24. 

cuspidatum,  Elirh.,  14. 

cuapidatnw ,  var.,  15,  20. 

cyclophyllum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq., 
22. 

cymbifolium,    Ehrh.,    21,    23, 
415. 

cymbtfoUum,  var.,  24. 

flmbriatum,  Wlls.,  14. 

Fitzgerald!,  Kenauld,  23. 

Oarberi,  Lesq.  &  James,  18. 


Sphagnum  Girgonnohnii,  Russ.,  14. 
liumile,  Schimp.,  17. 
humile,  Aust.,  10. 
hypnnidvH,  Braun,  15. 
internudium,  lloffui.,  15. 
laricinum,  Sprure,  10,  411, 
larir.iuiim,  Aust.,  14. 
larlriuuiti,  var.,  23. 
UltiJ'nliitin,  Iledw.,  21. 
liuUnliuiii,  Mui'll.,  15. 
LeHcnrii,  JSulIiv.,  10. 
LindberKii,  Seliinip.,  15. 
inaerophylluni,  Brridi.,  24. 
Menducinum,  .Sulliv.  ib  Lesq., 

2(\ 
molle,  Sulliv.,  18. 
tnoll<\  Aust.,  18. 
violle,  var.,  18. 
moUuscoidcft.  Muell.,  18. 
niolhiHcum,  Bruch,  21. 
MucUeri,  Scbinip..  17. 
neiiioroHuin,  Scop.,  13, 
obtimifoliuiii,  var.,  23. 
paluHtrc,  Liiui.,  21. 

{tapillosum,  Lindb.,  21. 
•ortoricense,  llampe,  22. 
i)]/niorl<(diiin,  Angstr.,  17. 
^ylaesii,  Brid.,  23. 
Pylaiei,  var.,  23. 
recurvuin,  Beauv.,  15. 
rigidum,  Scliimp.,  17. 
nibellum,  Wils.,  1.3. 
sedoidos,  Brid.,  23. 
sedoides,  var.,  24. 
aerratum,  Aust.,  15. 
squavroHiiluin,  Lesq.,  16. 
squarrosum,  Pers.,  15. 
8(/Hurroaum,  var.,  10. 
strlctum,  Lindb.,  13. 
atrictum,  Sulliv.,  17. 
Bubsecundum,  Nees,  19. 
auhsecundwn,  var.,  20. 
Sullirnntianum,  Aust.,  22. 
tabulare,  Sulliv.,  18. 
tenellum,  Ehrh.,  20. 
tenerum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  18. 
teres,  Angstr.,  10. 
Torreyanunt,  Sulliv.,  15. 
vtil'/are,  Micbx.,  21. 
Wulflanum,  (iirgens.,  16. 
Splachkk^,  189. 
Splachnum,  Linn.,  193. 

ampullaceum,  Linn.,  104, 418. 
anr/uatatum,  Linn.  HI.,  102. 
flagellar e,  Brid.,  101. 
Fi'oelichianam,  Hedw.,  190. 
luteum,  Linn.,  105. 
melanocaulnn,  Schwaegr.,  195. 
mnioidea,  Linn,  til.,  192. 
rubrum,  Linn.,  105. 
serratum,  Hedw.,  191. 


INDEX. 


445 


Splachnum  netaceum,  Mlchx.,  102. 

actncnini,  Hook.  tVr  Wlls.,  1U3. 

spliiui'iouiii,  Liiiii.  til.,  IU4. 

urceulntuin,  llctlw.,  li)2. 

vasculosum,  Liiiii.,  MM. 

Woriiiskiohlil,  Iloriu'ui.,  104. 
Sporledn'a  Jieyrichlana,  llauipc, 
47. 

pultnitiiH,  iSchiinp.,  4.'). 

Sc/iw<tyrivltrHi,  Iliiiupc,  40. 

Hetij'oUn,  Jaeger,  40. 
STKOOCAIII'I,  51. 

btcreodon  arctivm,  Mitt.,  400. 

lkimbf.ru eri,  Liiulb.,  307. 

calUchrou.-*,  IJriil.,  303. 

chryneuH,  Mitt.,  31(1. 

circinalin,  lirid.,  302. 

eirculurh.  Mitt.,  307. 

coDnnutatus,  Mitt.,  iiS?. 

covipactim,  Mitt.,  376. 

couiidexuK,  Mitt.,  307. 

criHta-cnstrvnsiH,  Mitt.,  .380. 

CKpreasifornih,  Brid.,  305. 

cui'vifoUuH,  IJrid.,  30(K 

cuapidatus,  lirid.,  404. 

J)(>nianu8,  Mitt.,  307. 

fllicinna,  Mitt.,  380. 

yeminus.  Mitt.,  3»)5. 

yifjanteuSf  Mitt.,  403. 

Jluldatwi,  Lindl).,  308. 

hamuloHus,  Lindl).,  301. 

imporn'iiH,  Brid.,  303. 

Kneiffii,  Mitt.,  380. 

ohtiiitiJ'oUus,  Mitt.,  400. 

ochruceus,  Mitt.,  402. 

puUesceiiH,  Lindb.,  300. 

plicatiUn,  Milt.,  304. 

jjiMw^j/fr,  Mitt.,  304. 

poUjanthiis,  Mitt.,  308. 

pulchellus.  Mitt.,  304. 

liichardnoni,  Mitt.,  404. 

rlparius,  Mitt.,  .377. 

robuHtwi,  Mitt.,  388. 

ruhcUus,  Mitt.,  315. 

rt(/esceHS,  Mitt.,  31.5. 

Schreberi,  Mitt.,  404. 

turfaceua,  Mitt.,  300. 

iincuKitu8,  Brid.,  382. 

undnlatus.  Mitt.,  300. 
Swartzia  cnpillacea,  Hedw.,  93. 

inclinata,  Hedw.,  04. 

montana,  Lindb.,  04. 
Byrrhopoilon,  Scliwaegr.,  185. 

albovaginatu8,  Uook.  &  Wils., 
186. 

criapua,  Aust.,  185. 

excelaua,  SuUiv.,  100. 

Floridanus,  Sulliv.,  185,  416. 

Leanua,  Sulliv.,  79. 
Emiei,  Aust.,  70. 

Texanus,  SuUiv.,  185. 


!^l/atfiiiiiiii,  .Sihiiup.,  51. 

ei'l/throntcijiuin,  Schitup.,  62. 
Si/atyUi'.„>  mAuclinuidCtH,  ilorusch., 
100. 

Tayloria,  Hook.,  100. 

8(>rrata,  Bruch  A;  Schimp.,  191. 
8plui*liuoi*leK,  Hook.,  101. 
teiniis,  .Scliiiiip.,  lUl. 
Tktuaimiii>k.k,  IHO. 
Tetrapliis,  Hedw.,  ISO. 

geiiiculatu,  (iii^eiiH.,  187. 
pelliicida,  Hetlw.,  180,  410. 
rcpanda,  Fuiicke,  187. 
Tctraitlodon,    Bruch    &    Scliiinp., 

101. 
an^iistatus,  Br'icli  &  Schluip., 

102. 
australis,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  102, 

418. 
nmioides,   Bruch   &   Schiiiip., 

102. 
urceolatus,  Bruch  &  Schiuip., 

103. 
Tetrodontium,  Schwaegr.,  187. 
repauduiii,  Schwaegr.,  187. 
Thauuuuni,  301. 
Thuiiminin,  Schiuip.,  302. 

Alley htinhnHv,    Bruch    & 

Schinii).,  302. 
neckeroidea,  Bruch  «&  ScUiiup., 

302. 
Thelia,  Sulliv.,  208. 

asprella,  Sulliv.,  209. 
hirtella,  Sulliv.,  200,  419. 
Lescurii,  Sulliv.,  200. 
robusta,  Duby,  200. 
Thuidium,  321. 
Thuidinm,  Schimp.,  .322. 

abicthunn,  Bruch  &  Schimp.i 

320. 
CEHtii'um,  Aust.,  323. 
Alleul,  Aust.,  327. 
Jbldndocii,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

327. 
delicutulum,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

325. 
delicatulum.  Mitt.,  326. 
erectiini,  Duby,  323. 
yracile,  Bruch  &  Schimp.,  324. 
leifconeiirum,  Lesq.,  328. 
ininutiilum,  Bruch  «b  Schimp., 

322. 
pyrimoeiim,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

322. 
recoynitum,  Lindb.,  326. 
acitum,  Aust.,  323. 
tamarisc{foltnin,  Lindb.,  325. 
tamariacinum,    Bruch    & 

Schiuip.,  325. 
Virginianum,  Lindb.,  324. 


I: 


11 


m- 


446 


INDEX. 


iaiMi''«ii 


Iv'i  .1 


Tiiiiinia,  Iludw.,  254. 

Aiistrinca,  Iludw.,  2r>fi. 

cnrnllata,  Michx..  255. 

inegapolitanu,  iledvv.,  254,  417. 
TiMMIK.K,  254. 
Tortulii  nnihlijuu,  Au^aU'.,  110. 

atrovlreiiH,  Lindb.,  li:i. 

brenlrosi    3,   lluuk.  Jk    Giev., 
115. 

cwHititosn,  Hook.  «fe  (irov.,  118. 

concolutd,  Kclirad.,  127. 

crasHlnerciH,  Ih^Not.,  117. 

cuncifoUii,  Uotli,  117. 

cylhulrit'it,  Liiidb.,  125. 

Donncllil,  Aiwt.,  128. 

frayUls,  Wils.,  i:{0. 

gracilis,  Schltdcli.,  127. 

humllla,  Urid.,  12i). 

imherhlH,  .Smith,  121. 

inermlH,  Mont.,  l;il. 

iuaiihire,  DeXot.,  125. 

l(£vl(>il(l,  .SpllWiU'!,'!'.,  182. 

latijollii,  llartiii.,  i:32. 

Lanrerl,  Lindb.,  115. 

mar>flti(U<t,  Spruce,  118. 

niembrauifoUa,  liook.,  116. 

miicronijolia,  Schwaegr.,  131. 

uiuralls,  lledw.,  119. 

ohtuaifoUit,  Schleicli.,  114. 

piiplllom,  \Vil8.,  IJUJ. 

prlnceps,  UeNot.,  183. 

recnrvij'ulid,  Herk.,  122. 

rigidida,  Lindb.,  123. 

rumlift,  Elirh.,  132. 

squnmlifern,  UeXot.,  116. 

8tellata,  Lindb.,  110. 

suberecta,  Hook.  &  Wils.,  115. 

sxibuUita,  lledw.,  131. 

aiihiilata,  var.,  131. 

tortuoHO,  Ehiii.,  129. 

uiujnicnlata,  Koth,  120. 

VahlUma,  Wils.,  117. 

vlnealis.  Spruce,  124. 
Trachypus  nigresceiia,  Mitt.,  247. 
Treniatodon,  Michx.,  02. 

anibiguuni,  Hornsch.,  6.3. 

longicollis,  Michx.,  03,  416. 

longicollia,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  63. 
Trichodon,  Schiuip.,  92. 

cylindricu3,  Schiuip.,  93. 
Trichostoinuin,  Sudth,  108. 

CBruginosum,  Lindb.,  53. 

anoinahim,  Schimp.,  110. 

calcaream,  L'''db.,  53. 

Canadense,  Michx.,  161. 

canescena,  Hedw.,  151. 

cernmim,  Lindb.,  114. 

Coloradense,  Aust.,  411. 

convolntum,  Brid.,  11.3. 

craaainerve,  Hainpe,  110. 

crispulum,  Bruch,  109. 


Trlc/ioatomumcyllndrlcum,Utidir.. 

93. 
faHclcuture,  Srljrad.,  150. 
flavo-virens.  Hnich,  I()9. 
JieJlcaule,  Bruch  &  Schimp., 

107. 
flexiiMifl,  Bruch  iV  .Schimp.,  110. 
fvntiuidoidfH,  lledw.,  i;l4. 
glauct'uvciiM,  lledw..  1U8. 
Giteplnl,  Mucll.,  114. 
heteroinullitiii,    Bruch  & 

Schimp.,  10". 
hetcroatirtittin,  jlcdw.,  150. 
lauuijinuauin,  Hodvv.,  151. 
lilt iJ'oUii III,  Schwao>;r.,  111. 
Lanreri,  Schullz,  1 15. 
liirlduiii,  .Spruce,  10.5. 
mU'rnaivpuiii,  Funcke,  149. 
noduUiHiiiii,  .\ust.,  100. 
obliqimin,  Muell.,  115. 
palUdniii,  lledw.,  107. 
patens,  Schwaegr.,  147. 
puaillniii,  Hedw.,  100. 
piiaillnni,  var.,  100. 
pyri  forme,  LeH(|.  &  .lames,  109. 
rigididniii,  Smilli,  123. 
rubelluin,  Bahenh.,  104. 
sritulum,  Au«t.,  94. 

letivuin,  Funcke,  149. 
iSi/stillum,  Muell.,  111. 
tenue,  Hedw.,  10<<. 
teniiiroatre,  Lindb.,  105. 
topliaceuui,  Brid.,  109, 
torti'c,  Schrad.,  106. 
tortile,  var.,  106. 
vagindiis,  Sulliv.,  100. 
Trlpterocladium,  330. 

Ulota,  Mohr,  100. 

Americana,  Mitt.,  162. 
Barclay!,  Mitt.,  104. 
Bruchii,  Hornsch.,  162. 
crispa,  Brid.,  102. 
crispula,  Brid.,  163. 
curvifolia,  Brid.,  161. 
Drummondii,  Brid.,  161. 
Hutchinsiie,  Schimp.,  163,  417. 
intermedia,  S(;himp.,  102. 
Ludwigil,  Brid.,  161. 
phyllantha,  Brid.,  163. 

Webera,  Hedw.,  215. 

acuminata,  Schimp.,  216. 
albicans,  Schimp.,  222. 
annotina,  Schwaegr.,  219. 
Bigelovii,  Lesq.  &  James,  223. 
Bolanderi,  Lesq.  &  James,  220. 
carnea,  Schimp.,  221. 
commutata,  Schimp.,  220. 
cruda,  Schimp.,  218. 
cucuUata,  Schimp.,  218. 


INDEX. 


447 


Wtibera     Druinniondii,    Lesq.    A 

Janu!H,  2 It). 
eluiiKutu,  Scliwnc^r.,  'JIO. 
iiUrnnrdiit,  Scliwairyr.,  2"J8. 
Luscurlaim,    Lusii.    t!ie    Juiuos, 

221. 
loni{l('ullii,  Ht'dw.,  217. 
niulicaulis,  L(!s<|.  &  Juiucs,  220. 
nutans,  llfdw.,  217. 
pulchellii,  Sflilinp.,  222. 
pyriJ'oniiiH,  ll«*tlw.,  2ir». 
!Sciiliii(HM-i,  Schliup.,  219. 
aeHHilis,  Miitll).,  2((7. 
splmfjiiicola,  Schlinp.,  210. 
Tozeri,  Schiiiii).,  222. 
Weisla,  lltidw.,  5.'j. 
acuta,  ll)ulw.,  U8. 
Jirantlfi/ei,  Aust.,  56. 
calcarcd,  licdw.,  W7. 
clrrhata,  lltidw.,  58. 
controverna,  lledw.,  56. 
ctiHjtula,  lludw.,  57. 
ciirrh'oHtriH,  Auct.,  UH. 
cylindrint,  iiriich,  lt)5. 
denticuftita,  Brid.,  5U. 
fuyax,  Hedw.,  r*U. 
yyiuuoHtoinohlcH,  Nees  & 

llornsfli.,  5(J. 
lati/olla,  Sciiwaegr.,  103. 
luivjipeH,  Somincrf.,  (Ki. 
loiigl»4?ta,  Lnsq.  &  James,  66. 
microdonta,  Iledw.,  5(5. 
''nicroatoina,  Nees  &  Ilornsch., 

56. 
nigrita,  Ilodw.,  211. 
pimlla,  Iledw.,  \H\. 
recurvirostris,  Auct.,  104. 


WciHia  SchiHtl,  Ililtl.,  60. 

S<li,j,;i,  Hook.  &  WIU.,  U7. 
atrntl'itii,  h'uurkv.,  5H. 
HIiliii-hiioidiH,  Scliwarpr.,  100. 
Stilfh-viinii,  llrdw,,  Mi. 
tiniilnjuti-itt,    Hook.   &   Toy!., 

10.*). 

tcniiiH,  Mufll.,  .'>4. 

tristirhii,  llild.,  07. 

tnrhinntii,  Dniniiii.,  IIM). 

viridiil.!,  Ki'id.,  55,  415. 

ririiliihi,  var..  56. 

Wolfll,  i.t'Mii.  fSc  .Jainos,  57. 
Wkisii;.k,  51. 
W'cinnlii,  Khrli.,  1)U. 

Anirririitni,  liiiidb.,  1(U. 

Jtnirliii,  Liiiill*..  1(12. 

coitrcfdiii,  I.iiidl).,  1(11. 

crtHiiiilii,  I.liidh.,  |(l:t. 

ciin-ij'oliti,  liiiull).,  1(12. 

Dntiiimniiilii,  I.liidl).,  1((1 

iuriin'<i,  SrhwiU'tiv.,  157. 

j)hl/llmith(i,  Linilb.,  16:!. 

Tiinjilvliini,  liook.,  2()0. 

ulojilii/ltii,  Khrli.,  162. 

Zierla,  Sclilmp.,  240. 

dciiiissii,  Sriiiuii).,  240. 

jtdact'u,  Scliiinp.,  240. 
Zyyodon  CtdiJ'ornicut,  Ilainpe,  159. 

Liii>i)unicua,  Urucli  A  Scliimp., 
159. 

MotnicntH,  Uruch  «&  Schiuip., 
150. 

Sidlh-autii,  MuoU.,  159. 

turquatus,  Liebiu.,  140, 


I 


i 


•I 


•^^ 


'A 


ys>r„ 


y 


C) 


.^- 


{'A 


T 


«1^ 


lu  ^^ 


1   *- 

^1£ 


unl 


■V 


y  s 


\% 


ii     •<-■    I 


s 

4 


/ 


u 


f    ■:!. 


i:E    ,/     J)    ^ 


^-■  -k.. 


.!l? -'V  ^ 


••••  ^  •  « 


-<,- 


/ 


X.\;' 


■!ir 


\ , """  — 


H4 


,',1  '!ii[        "'   '■■'■     -' 

i 


I 


$ 


PC)', 
li'!,' 


■Wf 


»5UWW,W««»»S*-'' 


.'  e.  n.  ;:  ^  Ci     ':,'  1     •■.  v    i  <  ^ 


1. 


V- 


•/./ 


\  ^V  i.^ 


,  v.^i 


/ 


'*»•*  -- 


.u!,p':jH'i 


;  '^ 


crirami 


£5f  %  tti  life 


\ 


/  ^' 


'V 


^     V 


■  ^f        U  -I  f  3 


^V.AJ' 


;■'(  .He*: 


un:i-~i;i. 


n: 


II 

1 


i'.\ 


,  f 


I 


<     'It'"  :i    ,: 


r,  ,.i  ,■■  0 


■,'m^^^^.. 


'¥ 


i\ 


r 


m 


,!  i  I 

If-' 


/ 


'  iV...     i      H\  \i\ 


ii-i'f-' 


Ij;.  7;  ?:•  -''if  o--ai^  -i   !■ 


p.'i(t^i!£. 


J  J 1"  IJ  MVr, 


.  H' 


■  I 


. 


...i' 


'      Z  ■■'.'■■ 


1/ 


y 


A 


•-f  ■   4:        i 

"^l•^l■.r.         / 


■••-.v-^.. .. 


if  A 


V 


^  A        ''I     -  ■■'J  '        r   f  /         \     ^ 


-lai'.'.vpt;.;! 


v/^ 


.^Vii-a:^  .\ 


■<i;'  ,:■ 


,         ^  ■t- ■  ■  'k/    /        ■■'■    *--'i  «u  ■  ■ 


1  r-,ji-"i! 


1 


,.f  .Vi^'.X  I     1      \ 


.<:''■ 


'1       ■•*■ 


If 


/.... 


V  Ami-  'MV"^"^>  iy< 


>" 


■: 


•II     \ ,' 


(7  ' 


,;<       -;  -^^  '■1,,.,  ••-      rM 

•*     -I     lite 


;.         E3&^,      y.,^ 


■  ■■ '  V,  /- ' 


n  ft  '  n^ ;     /  /       •  »/  .■    .  ^' 


|./f^-  ..- 


i. 


"V— 


\ 


i 

I 


.-<^^>>, 


""^t  ^ 

s-^ 


*->:?//• 


